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Zeng H, Cai M, Li S, Chen X, Xu X, Xie W, Xiong Y, Long X. Epidemiological characteristics of seasonal influenza under implementation of zero-COVID-19 strategy in China. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1158-1166. [PMID: 37269694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Respiratory viral diseases have posed a persistent threat to public health due to their high transmissibility. Influenza virus and SARS-Cov-2 are both respiratory viruses that have caused global pandemics. A zero-COVID-19 strategy is a public health policy imposed to stop community transmission of COVID-19 as soon as it is detected. In this study, we aim to examine the epidemiological characteristics of seasonal influenza in the past five years before and after the emergence of COVID-19 in China and observe the possible impact of the strategy on influenza. METHODS Data from two data sources were retrospectively analyzed. A comparison on influenza incidence rate between Hubei and Zhejiang provinces was conducted based on data from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Then a descriptive and comparative analysis on seasonal influenza based on data from Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and Hangzhou Ninth People`s Hospital before and after the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 was conducted. RESULTS From 2010-2017, both provinces experienced relatively low influenza activity until the 1st week of 2018, when they reached peak incidence rates of 78.16/100000PY, 34.05/100000PY respectively. Since then, influenza showed an obvious seasonality in Hubei and Zhejiang until the onset of COVID-19. During 2020 and 2021, there was a dramatic decline in influenza activity compared to 2018 and 2019. However, influenza activity seemed to rebound at the beginning of 2022 and surged in summer, with positive rates of 20.52% and 31.53% in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and Hangzhou Ninth People`s Hospital respectively as of the time writing this article. CONCLUSIONS Our results reinforce the hypothesis that zero-COVID-19 strategy may impact the epidemiological pattern of influenza. Under the complex pandemic situation, implementation of NPIs could be a beneficial strategy containing not only COVID-19 but also influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Center of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meihong Cai
- Department of Dermatology,Wuhan Wuchang Hospital, Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of infectious diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianqun Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of infectious diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghua Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Kou Z, Fan X, Li J, Shao Z, Qiang X. Using amino acid features to identify the pathogenicity of influenza B virus. Infect Dis Poverty 2022; 11:50. [PMID: 35509019 PMCID: PMC9066401 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-022-00974-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza B virus can cause epidemics with high pathogenicity, so it poses a serious threat to public health. A feature representation algorithm is proposed in this paper to identify the pathogenicity phenotype of influenza B virus. METHODS The dataset included all 11 influenza virus proteins encoded in eight genome segments of 1724 strains. Two types of features were hierarchically used to build the prediction model. Amino acid features were directly delivered from 67 feature descriptors and input into the random forest classifier to output informative features about the class label and probabilistic prediction. The sequential forward search strategy was used to optimize the informative features. The final features for each strain had low dimensions and included knowledge from different perspectives, which were used to build the machine learning model for pathogenicity identification. RESULTS The 40 signature positions were achieved by entropy screening. Mutations at position 135 of the hemagglutinin protein had the highest entropy value (1.06). After the informative features were directly generated from the 67 random forest models, the dimensions for class and probabilistic features were optimized as 4 and 3, respectively. The optimal class features had a maximum accuracy of 94.2% and a maximum Matthews correlation coefficient of 88.4%, while the optimal probabilistic features had a maximum accuracy of 94.1% and a maximum Matthews correlation coefficient of 88.2%. The optimized features outperformed the original informative features and amino acid features from individual descriptors. The sequential forward search strategy had better performance than the classical ensemble method. CONCLUSIONS The optimized informative features had the best performance and were used to build a predictive model so as to identify the phenotype of influenza B virus with high pathogenicity and provide early risk warning for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Kou
- Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xinyue Fan
- Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zehui Shao
- Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoli Qiang
- School of Computer Science and Cyber Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Jin S, Li J, Cai R, Wang X, Gu Z, Yu H, Fang B, Chen L, Wang C. Age- and sex-specific excess mortality associated with influenza in Shanghai, China, 2010–2015. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 98:382-389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Qin S, Zhang W, Chen F, Luo F, Zhou Q, Ke P, Chen C. Antibodies against atypical pathogens and respiratory viruses detected by Pneumoslide IgM test in adults with community-acquired pneumonia in Guangzhou City. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23419. [PMID: 32537759 PMCID: PMC7521227 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To detect the serum antibodies against respiratory viruses and atypical pathogens in adults with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Guangzhou City (Guangdong province, China). Methods A retrospective study was carried out with samples from 685 adults who were admitted with CAP and 108 non‐CAP control patients. Atypical pathogens and respiratory viruses in serum were detected using the Pneumoslide IgM test from Vircell, Spain. All patients were divided into 6 groups according to age: 18‐24, 25‐44, 45‐59, 60‐74, 75‐89, and >90. Results The total positive rate of CAP was 35.4%, which was highest in the 18‐24 age group (P < .05). The highest positive rate, 17.11%, was observed for Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP). The mean age of MP‐infected patients was higher than that of the controls (P < .05). The positive rates for influenza B (INFB), Legionella pneumophila (LP1), Coxiella burnetii (COX), influenza A (INFA), parainfluenza virus (PIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Chlamydophila pneumoniae (CP), and adenovirus (ADV) were 5.56%, 3.07%, 2.63%, 2.34%, 1.90%, 1.61, 0.88%, and 0.29%, respectively. There were 4.37% of patients with CAP having multiple infections. The main symptoms observed in the 685 CAP patients were cough and sputum production, in 78.4% and 67.4%. Fever was followed by 54% of CAP patients. Dyspnea (39.1%), anorexia (36.8%), increased thirst (26.7%), chills (18.7), headache (14.6%), and nausea (13.1%) were also frequently observed in the CAP patients. Conclusions MP infection was the most common in adult CAP patients in Guangzhou City with the highest positive rate in the 18‐24 age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weizheng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fudong Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peifeng Ke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cha Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza-associated hospitalization in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine 2020; 38:2893-2903. [PMID: 32113808 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent influenza infection, albeit vaccine effectiveness (VE) varies by year. Compared to other age groups, children and elderly adults have the highest risk of developing influenza-related complications and requiring hospitalization. During the last years, "test negative design" (TND) studies have been implemented in order to estimate influenza VE. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the findings of TND studies reporting influenza VE against laboratory-confirmed influenza-related hospitalization in children aged 6 months to 17 years. We searched the PubMed and Embase databases and identified 2615 non-duplicate studies that required detailed review. Among them, 28 met our inclusion criteria and we performed a random-effects meta-analysis using adjusted VE estimates. In our primary analysis, influenza vaccine offered significant protection against any type influenza-related hospitalization (57.48%; 95% CI 49.46-65.49). When we examined influenza VE per type and strain, VE was higher against H1N1 (74.07%; 95% CI: 54.85-93.30) and influenza B (50.87%; 95% CI: 41.75-59.98), and moderate against H3N2 (40.77%; 95% CI: 25.65-55.89). Notably, influenza vaccination offered higher protection in children who were fully vaccinated (61.79%; 95% CI: 54.45-69.13), compared to those who were partially vaccinated (33.91%; 95% CI: 21.12 - 46.69). Also, influenza VE was high in children less than 5 years old (61.71%; 95% CI: 49.29-74.12) as well as in children 6-17 years old (54.37%; 95% CI: 35.14-73.60). In conclusion, in the pediatric population, influenza vaccination offered significant protection against influenza-related hospitalization and complete annual vaccination should be encouraged.
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Lei N, Wang HB, Zhang YS, Zhao JH, Zhong Y, Wang YJ, Huang LY, Ma JX, Sun Q, Yang L, Shu YL, Li SM, Sun LL. Molecular evolution of influenza B virus during 2011-2017 in Chaoyang, Beijing, suggesting the free influenza vaccine policy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2432. [PMID: 30792414 PMCID: PMC6384887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two influenza B virus lineages, B/Victoria and B/Yamagata, are co-circulating in human population. While the two lineages are serologically distinct and TIV only contain one lineage. It is important to investigate the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of two influenza B virus lineages in Beijing after the free influenza vaccine policy from 2007. Here, we collected the nasopharyngeal swabs of 12657 outpatients of influenza-like illness and subtyped by real-time RT-PCR during 2011–2017. The HA and NA genes of influenza B were fully sequenced. The prevalence is the highest in the 6–17 years old group among people infected with influenza B. Yamagata-lineage virus evolved to two inter-clade from 2011–2014 to 2014–2017. The amino acids substitutions of HA1 region were R279K in strains of 2011–2014 and L173Q, M252V in strains of 2014–2017. Substitutions L58P, I146V were observed in HA1 region of Victoria-lineage virus in 2011–2012 and I117V, N129D were showed in 2015–2017. Phylogenetic analysis of NA showed Yamagata-Victoria inter-lineage reassortant occurred in 2013–2014. Influenza B mainly infect the school-aged children in Beijing and the free influenza vaccine inoculation does not seem to block school-age children from infection with influenza B. The antigen characteristics of circulating influenza B were different to the recommended vaccine strains. We concluded that the Victoria-lineage vaccine strain should been changed and the free influenza vaccine should be revalued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lei
- Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100021, China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hai-Bin Wang
- Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yu-Song Zhang
- Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhao
- Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuan-Jie Wang
- Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Li-Yong Huang
- Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jian-Xin Ma
- Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102206, China.,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Lei Yang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yue-Long Shu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102206, China.,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Ling-Li Sun
- Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Ye C, Zhu W, Yu J, Li Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Gu H, Zou W, Hao L, Hu W. Understanding the complex seasonality of seasonal influenza A and B virus transmission: Evidence from six years of surveillance data in Shanghai, China. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 81:57-65. [PMID: 30684745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding the complexity of influenza subtype seasonality is critical to promoting a suitable vaccination program. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the seasonality and epidemiological features of seasonal influenza subtypes after the 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic and to lay a foundation for further investigation into the social and environmental factors affecting seasonal influenza virus transmission. METHODS Influenza-like illness (ILI) case surveillance was conducted in two sentinel hospitals in Pudong New Area, Shanghai between 2012 and 2018. Weekly data on ILI cases were analyzed. A time-series seasonal decomposition analysis was used to reveal the seasonality of influenza and epidemiological features among different subtypes. RESULTS In total, 10977 ILI patients were enrolled of whom 2385 (21.7%) had laboratory-confirmed influenza. Compared to influenza A (16.3%), influenza B (5.4%) was less frequently detected among the ILI patients (p<0.001). Semiannual epidemic peaks were identified in four of the years during the 6-year study period, while only one annual epidemic peak was found in the other two years. An epidemic peak occurred in each winter season, and a secondary peak also occasionally occurred in summer or spring. A/H3N2 predominated in both summer and winter, while A/H1N1, B/Yamagata, and B/Victoria circulated almost exclusively in winter or spring. Two lineages of influenza B seemed to predominate in alternating years. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the complexity of seasonal influenza virus activity in a subtropical region of China, presenting both semiannual and annual epidemic peaks in different years. The results of this study may provide further insight into possible improvements in the timing of influenza vaccination in Shanghai, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Ye
- Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning of Infectious Disease, Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Weiping Zhu
- Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning of Infectious Disease, Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxing Yu
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Li
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhou Zhang
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yuanping Wang
- Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning of Infectious Disease, Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Huozheng Gu
- Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning of Infectious Disease, Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwei Zou
- Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning of Infectious Disease, Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Lipeng Hao
- Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning of Infectious Disease, Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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Tsedenbal N, Tsend-Ayush A, Badarch D, Jav S, Pagbajab N. Influenza B viruses circulated during last 5 years in Mongolia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206987. [PMID: 30439983 PMCID: PMC6237300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza B virus-caused illness has recently been considered as an urgent public health problem due to substantial morbidity, mortality and life-threatening medical complications. In this study, we have reported the main characteristics of influenza B virus in Mongolia, including prevalence, lineages, suitability with vaccine strains and drug susceptibility against the virus. 15768 specimens were tested by qPCR for detecting influenza viruses. From positive specimens for influenza B virus, the clinical isolates were isolated using MDCK cells. Sequencing analysis, hemagglutination inhibition assay and Neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) drug susceptibility testing were performed for the clinical isolates. Influenza B virus was around in 3.46% of the samples in Mongolia, and B/Victoria clade-1A and B/Yamagata clade-3 lineages were predominant. Importantly, it was confirmed that the lineages corresponded to the vaccine strains. Moreover, drug susceptibility tests revealed that some Mongolian clinical isolates showed reduced susceptibility to antiviral agents. Interestingly, G104R was identified as a novel mutation, which might have a significant role in drug resistance of the virus. These results describe the characteristics of influenza B viruses that have caused respiratory illness in the population of Mongolia between 2013 and 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naranzul Tsedenbal
- National Influenza Center, National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Altansukh Tsend-Ayush
- School of Bio-Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Darmaa Badarch
- National Influenza Center, National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Sarantuya Jav
- School of Bio-Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- * E-mail:
| | - Nymadawa Pagbajab
- National Influenza Center, National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Mongolian Academy of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Noh JY, Choi WS, Song JY, Lee HS, Lim S, Lee J, Seo YB, Lee JS, Wie SH, Jeong HW, Heo JY, Kim YK, Park KH, Kim SW, Lee SH, Lee JH, Kim DH, Woo SI, Lim CS, Cho KS, Cheong HJ, Kim WJ. Significant circulation of influenza B viruses mismatching the recommended vaccine-lineage in South Korea, 2007-2014. Vaccine 2018; 36:5304-5308. [PMID: 30057284 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to characterize the lineages of influenza B viruses obtained from clinical specimens during the 2007-2014 seasons in South Korea. RT-PCR for the partial hemagglutinin gene of influenza B virus was performed on laboratory-confirmed influenza B samples from the 2007-2008 season to 2013-2014 season. A phylogenetic tree was generated, and current influenza vaccine strains for the Northern Hemisphere were used as representative strains of Victoria and Yamagata lineages. A total of 571 influenza B virus sequences were analyzed. During the 2009-2010 season, most of the circulating influenza B viruses matched the vaccine strain; 91.0% (91/100) of viruses belonged to the Victoria lineage. In the 2007-2008, 2011-2012, and 2013-2014 seasons, co-circulation of each influenza B lineage was found with a match ratio to the vaccine strain of 53.2% (42/79), 40.9% (63/154), and 58.3% (134/230), respectively. Overall, 41.7% (238/571) of the circulating influenza B viruses belonged to the lineage mismatching the vaccine strain. During the seven influenza seasons, influenza B epidemics were substantial in four seasons in South Korea. Significant mismatches of the vaccine and lineage of the circulating influenza B viruses were found. The current trivalent influenza vaccine may not be fully suitable for effective protection against influenza B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yun Noh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Suk Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Sol Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Plus for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sooyeon Lim
- Brain Korea 21 Plus for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jacob Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yu Bin Seo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seong-Heon Wie
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Jeong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Heo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Young Keun Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Shin Woo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sun Hee Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sung Il Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Chae Seung Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Soon Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health, Welfare and Education, Tongmyong University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 Plus for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Zhang L, Pan Y, Hackert V, van der Hoek W, Meijer A, Krafft T, Yang P, Wang Q. The 2015-2016 influenza epidemic in Beijing, China: Unlike elsewhere, circulation of influenza A(H3N2) with moderate vaccine effectiveness. Vaccine 2018; 36:4993-5001. [PMID: 30017144 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the 2015-2016 influenza season in the northern hemisphere was dominated by A(H1N1)pdm09 and B/Victoria viruses, in Beijing, China, there was also significant circulation of influenza A(H3N2) virus. In this report we estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza A(H3N2) and other circulating viruses, and describe further characteristics of the 2015-2016 influenza season in Beijing. METHODS We estimated VE of the 2015-2016 trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV) against laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection using the test-negative study design. The effect of prior vaccination on current VE was also examined. RESULTS Of 11,000 eligible patients included in the study, 2969 (27.0%) were influenza positive. Vaccination coverage was 4.2% in both cases and controls. Adjusted VE against all influenza was 8% (95% CI: -16% to 27%): 18% (95% CI: -38% to 52%) for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, 54% (95% CI: 16% to 74%) for influenza A(H3N2), and -8% (95% CI: -40% to 18%) for influenza B/Victoria. The overall VE for receipt of 2015-2016 vaccination only, 2014-2015 vaccination only, and vaccinations in both seasons was -15% (95% CI: -63% to 19%), -25% (95% CI: -78% to 13%), and 18% (95% CI: -11% to 40%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Overall the 2015-2016 TIV was protective against influenza infection in Beijing, with higher VE against the A(H3N2) viruses compared to A(H1N1)pdm09 and B viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China; Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China; Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Volker Hackert
- Public Health Service South Limburg, Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, and Environmental Health, Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van der Hoek
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Meijer
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Krafft
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peng Yang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China; Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Quanyi Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China; Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
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11
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Cowling BJ, Wu P, Lo JYC, Chan KH, Chan ELY, Fang VJ, So LY, Peiris JSM, Chiu SS. Population-Based Pediatric Hospitalization Burden of Lineage-Specific Influenza B in Hong Kong, 2004-2014. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 65:300-307. [PMID: 28387792 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza B virus has been perceived to cause less disease burden and milder disease compared with influenza A, but recent studies suggest that influenza B does have a significant impact. We aimed to estimate the burden of influenza B virus infections on hospitalizations in Hong Kong, in the context of virus lineage changes over time. Methods The pediatric age-specific rates of influenza B hospitalization in Hong Kong for 2004-2014 were estimated based on admissions to 2 hospitals that together catered for 72.5% of all pediatric admissions on Hong Kong Island. Influenza B virus was detected by immunofluorescence and culture on nasopharyngeal aspirates. Lineage typing was performed by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results A total of 5085 children were recruited on 1 designated day each week, year-round during the 11 years, and 221 (4.3%) tested positive for influenza B. Hospitalization rates were highest in children aged 2 to <5 years with year-to-year variation. Victoria-lineage viruses appeared to be associated with a greater fraction of influenza B hospitalizations in children than of influenza B infections in the general community. Influenza B did not cause significant hospitalization in infants <1 year of age. Conclusions We report one of the first population-based, age- and lineage-specific studies of pediatric hospitalization for influenza B. We found that changes in lineage were associated with higher hospitalization rates and documented that Victoria lineage viruses were associated with greater pediatric hospitalization burden compared with Yamagata lineage viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Cowling
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong
| | - Peng Wu
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong
| | - Janice Y C Lo
- Public Health Laboratory Services Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong Department of Health
| | | | | | - Vicky J Fang
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong
| | - Lok-Yee So
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital
| | - J S Malik Peiris
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong.,Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
| | - Susan S Chiu
- Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Hong Kong
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12
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Panatto D, Signori A, Lai PL, Gasparini R, Amicizia D. Heterogeneous estimates of influenza virus types A and B in the elderly: Results of a meta-regression analysis. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2018; 12:533-543. [PMID: 29498477 PMCID: PMC6005586 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza has many age‐dependent characteristics. A previous systematic review of randomized controlled trials showed that the detection rate of influenza B was higher in children than in non‐elderly adults. However, no comprehensive reviews have targeted the elderly, who carry the main burden of disease. We aimed to quantify the relative detection rates of virus types A and B among the elderly, to identify factors affecting these proportions, and to compare type distribution among seniors and younger age‐classes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify multiseason studies reporting A and B virus type distributions in the elderly. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was planned to quantify the prevalence of type B among elderly subjects with laboratory‐confirmed influenza. Meta‐regression was then applied to explain the sources of heterogeneity. Across 27 estimates identified, the type B detection rate among seniors varied from 5% to 37%. Meta‐analysis was not feasible owing to high heterogeneity (I2 = 98.5%). Meta‐regression analysis showed that study characteristics, such as number of seasons included, hemisphere, and setting, could have contributed to the heterogeneity observed. The final adjusted model showed that studies that included both outpatients and inpatients reported a significantly (P = .024) lower proportion than those involving outpatients only. The detection rate of type B among the elderly was generally lower than in children/adolescents, but not non‐elderly adults. Influenza virus type B has a relatively low detection rate in older adults, especially in settings covering both inpatients and outpatients. Public health implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Panatto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Interuniversity Research Center on Influenza and other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessio Signori
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Piero L Lai
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Interuniversity Research Center on Influenza and other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Gasparini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Interuniversity Research Center on Influenza and other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Amicizia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Interuniversity Research Center on Influenza and other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), Genoa, Italy
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13
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Jennings L, Huang QS, Barr I, Lee PI, Kim WJ, Buchy P, Sanicas M, Mungall BA, Chen J. Literature review of the epidemiology of influenza B disease in 15 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2018; 12:383-411. [PMID: 29127742 PMCID: PMC5907823 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza control strategies focus on the use of trivalent influenza vaccines containing two influenza A virus subtypes and one of the two circulating influenza type B lineages (Yamagata or Victoria). Mismatches between the vaccine B lineage and the circulating lineage have been regularly documented in many countries, including those in the Asia‐Pacific region. We conducted a literature review with the aim of understanding the relative circulation of influenza B viruses in Asia‐Pacific countries. PubMed and Western Pacific Region Index Medicus were searched for relevant articles on influenza type B published since 1990 in English language for 15 Asia‐Pacific countries. Gray literature was also accessed. From 4834 articles identified, 121 full‐text articles were analyzed. Influenza was reported as an important cause of morbidity in the Asia‐Pacific region, affecting all age groups. In all 15 countries, influenza B was identified and associated with between 0% and 92% of laboratory‐confirmed influenza cases in any one season/year. Influenza type B appeared to cause more illness in children aged between 1 and 10 years than in other age groups. Epidemiological data for the two circulating influenza type B lineages remain limited in several countries in the Asia‐Pacific, although the co‐circulation of both lineages was seen in countries where strain surveillance data were available. Mismatches between circulating B lineages and vaccine strains were observed in all countries with available data. The data suggest that a shift from trivalent to quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccines could provide additional benefits by providing broader protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance Jennings
- Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Qiu Sue Huang
- WHO National Influenza Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Porirua, New Zealand
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ping-Ing Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Orsi A, Colomba GME, Pojero F, Calamusa G, Alicino C, Trucchi C, Canepa P, Ansaldi F, Vitale F, Tramuto F. Trends of influenza B during the 2010-2016 seasons in 2 regions of north and south Italy: The impact of the vaccine mismatch on influenza immunisation strategy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:523-531. [PMID: 28708953 PMCID: PMC5861802 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1342907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A and B viruses are responsible for respiratory infections, representing globally seasonal threats to human health. The 2 viral types often co-circulate and influenza B plays an important role in the spread of infection. A 6-year retrospective surveillance study was conducted between 2010 and 2016 in 2 large administrative regions of Italy, located in the north (Liguria) and in the south (Sicily) of the country, to describe the burden and epidemiology of both B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages in different healthcare settings. Influenza B viruses were detected in 5 of 6 seasonal outbreaks, exceeding influenza A during the season 2012-2013. Most of influenza B infections were found in children aged ≤ 14 y and significant differences were observed in the age-groups infected by the different lineages. B/Victoria strains prevailed in younger population than B/Yamagata, but also were more frequently found in the community setting. Conversely, B/Yamagata viruses were prevalent among hospitalized cases suggesting their potential role in the development of more severe disease. The relative proportions of viral lineages varied from year to year, resulting in different lineage-level mismatch for the B component of trivalent influenza vaccine. Our findings confirmed the need for continuous virological surveillance of seasonal epidemics and bring attention to the adoption of universal influenza immunization program in the childhood. The use of tetravalent vaccine formulations may be useful to improve the prevention and control of the influenza burden in general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Orsi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Hygiene Unit, IRCCS University Hospital “San Martino” - IST National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Maria Elena Colomba
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother-Child Care “G. D'Alessandro” – Hygiene section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fanny Pojero
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother-Child Care “G. D'Alessandro” – Hygiene section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calamusa
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother-Child Care “G. D'Alessandro” – Hygiene section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Trucchi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Canepa
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Filippo Ansaldi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Hygiene Unit, IRCCS University Hospital “San Martino” - IST National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Vitale
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother-Child Care “G. D'Alessandro” – Hygiene section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Tramuto
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother-Child Care “G. D'Alessandro” – Hygiene section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
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15
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Yu X, Wang C, Chen T, Zhang W, Yu H, Shu Y, Hu W, Wang X. Excess pneumonia and influenza mortality attributable to seasonal influenza in subtropical Shanghai, China. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:756. [PMID: 29212467 PMCID: PMC5719671 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2863-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease burden attributable to influenza is substantial in subtropical regions. Our study aims to estimate excess pneumonia and influenza (P&I) mortality associated with influenza by subtypes/lineages in Shanghai, China, 2010-2015. METHODS Quasi-Poisson regression models were fitted to weekly numbers of deaths from causes coded as P&I for Shanghai general and registered population. Three proxies for influenza activity were respectively used as an explanatory variable. Long-term trend, seasonal trend and absolute humidity were adjusted for as confounding factors. The outcome measurements of excess P&I mortality associated with influenza subtypes/lineages were derived by subtracting the baseline mortality from fitted mortality. RESULTS Excess P&I mortality associated with influenza were 0.22, 0.30, and 0.23 per 100,000 population for three different proxies in Shanghai general population, lower than those in registered population (0.34, 0.48, and 0.36 per 100,000 population). Influenza B (Victoria) lineage did not contribute to excess P&I mortality (P = 0.206) while influenza B (Yamagata) lineage did (P = 0.044). Influenza-associated P&I mortality was high in the elderly population. CONCLUSIONS Seasonal influenza A virus had a higher P&I mortality than influenza B virus, while B (Yamagata) lineage is the dominant lineage attributable to P&I mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, 200231 Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Chen
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Huiting Yu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, China.,School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia. .,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.
| | - Xiling Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, 200231 Xuhui District, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Sesay S, Brzostek J, Meyer I, Donazzolo Y, Leroux-Roels G, Rouzier R, Astruc B, Szymanski H, Toursarkissian N, Vandermeulen C, Kowalska E, Van Damme P, Salamand C, Pepin S. Safety, immunogenicity, and lot-to-lot consistency of a split-virion quadrivalent influenza vaccine in younger and older adults: A phase III randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 14:596-608. [PMID: 28968138 PMCID: PMC5861783 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1384106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a randomized multicenter phase III trial assessing the lot-to-lot consistency of the 2014–2015 Northern Hemisphere quadrivalent split-virion inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4; Sanofi Pasteur) and comparing its immunogenicity and safety with that of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3) in younger and older adults (EudraCT no. 2014-000785-21). Younger (18–60 y, n = 1114) and older (>60 y, n = 1111) adults were randomized 2:2:2:1:1 to receive a single dose of one of three lots of IIV4, the licensed IIV3 containing the B Yamagata lineage strain, or an investigational IIV3 containing the B Victoria lineage strain. Post-vaccination (day 21) hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers were equivalent for the three IIV4 lots. For the pooled IIV4s vs. IIV3, hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers were also non-inferior for the A strains, non-inferior for the B strain when present in the comparator IIV3, and superior for the B strain lineage when absent from the comparator IIV3. For all vaccine strains, seroprotection rates were ≥98% in younger adults and ≥90% in older adults. IIV4 also increased seroneutralizing antibody titers against all three vaccine strains of influenza. All vaccines were well tolerated, with no safety concerns identified. Solicited injection-site reactions were similar for IIV4 and IIV3 and mostly grade 1 and transient. This study showed that in younger and older adults, IIV4 had a similar safety profile as the licensed IIV3 and that including a second B strain lineage in IIV4 provided superior immunogenicity for the added B strain without affecting the immunogenicity of the three IIV3 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerzy Brzostek
- b Clinic of Infectious Diseases Health Care Team , Dębica , Poland
| | - Ingo Meyer
- c CRS Clinical Research Services Kiel GmbH , Lübeck , Germany
| | | | - Geert Leroux-Roels
- e Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and University Hospital , Gent , Belgium
| | - Régine Rouzier
- f Centre CAP, Centre Médical Odysseum , Montpellier , France
| | | | - Henryk Szymanski
- h St Hedwig of Silesia Hospital , Department of Paediatrics , Prusicka , Trzebnica , Poland
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Van Damme
- l Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute , Antwerpen (Wilrijk) , Belgium
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17
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Moghadami M. A Narrative Review of Influenza: A Seasonal and Pandemic Disease. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 42:2-13. [PMID: 28293045 PMCID: PMC5337761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by the influenza A or B virus. It often occurs in outbreaks and epidemics worldwide, mainly during the winter season. Significant numbers of influenza virus particles are present in the respiratory secretions of infected persons, so infection can be transmitted by sneezing and coughing via large particle droplets. The mean duration of influenza virus shedding in immunocompetent adult patients is around 5 days but may continue for up to 10 days or more-particularly in children, elderly adults, patients with chronic illnesses, and immunocompromised hosts. Influenza typically begins with the abrupt onset of high-grade fever, myalgia, headache, and malaise. These manifestations are accompanied by symptoms of respiratory tract illnesses such as nonproductive cough, sore throat, and nasal discharge. After a typical course, influenza can affect other organs such as the lungs, brain, and heart more than it can affect the respiratory tract and cause hospitalization. The best way to prevent influenza is to administer annual vaccinations. Among severely ill patients, an early commencement of antiviral treatment (<2 d from illness onset) is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality, with greater benefits allied to an earlier initiation of treatment. Given the significance of the disease burden, we reviewed the latest findings in the diagnosis and management of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Moghadami
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran,Correspondence: Mohsen Moghadami, MD; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran Tel: +98 917 3115262 Fax: +98 71 32308045
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18
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Chiu SS, Feng S, Chan KH, Lo JYC, Chan ELY, So LY, Cowling BJ, Peiris JSM. Hospital-based vaccine effectiveness against influenza B lineages, Hong Kong, 2009-14. Vaccine 2016; 34:2164-9. [PMID: 27013437 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against pediatric influenza B hospitalizations in Hong Kong year round between November 2001 and October 2014. METHODS We conducted a test-negative year-round study, enrolling children 6 months to 17 years of age admitted to two hospitals in Hong Kong with a febrile acute respiratory infection. Children were tested for influenza A and B. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate overall and lineage-specific vaccine effectiveness comparing influenza vaccination history of the trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) among patients testing positive for influenza B versus negative for influenza A and B, adjusting for age and sex and matching by calendar week of recruitment. RESULTS Of the 6013 children included in the analysis, 262 tested positive for influenza B. Vaccination coverage was low: 6.5% in the influenza B positive children when compared with 8.8% in children who tested negative for both influenza A and B (p=0.248). Overall, VE was 47.6% (95% CI: 10.0, 69.4%) against influenza B hospitalization despite variable co-circulation of both lineages in all years. VE for Victoria-like virus calculated from 3 years when the vaccine was lineage-matched was 59.1% (95% CI: 6.2, 82.2%). Lineage-matched VE for Yamagata-like virus was -8.8% (95% CI: -215.4, 62.5%) in a clade mismatch season. With wide confidence intervals, we were unable to demonstrate cross-lineage protection: VE against the mismatched B/Yamagata-like virus was 9.5% (95% CI: -240.4, 76.0%) in 2011/12 and against mismatched B/Victoria-like virus in 2013/14 was 42.7% (95% CI: -368.6, 93.0%). CONCLUSIONS TIV conferred an overall VE of 47.6% (95% CI: 10.0, 69.4%) against influenza B hospitalization in children despite variable co-circulation of both lineages in all years. Lineage-matched VE for Yamagata-like virus was poor and may be related to clade mismatch. Cross-lineage protection was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan S Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Shuo Feng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Janice Y C Lo
- Public Health Laboratory Services Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, China
| | - Eunice L Y Chan
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lok-Yee So
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - J S Malik Peiris
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Centre of Influenza Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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19
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Lineage-specific detection of influenza B virus using real-time polymerase chain reaction with melting curve analysis. Arch Virol 2016; 161:1425-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Liu M, Lam MKH, Zhang Q, Elderfield R, Barclay WS, Shaw PC. The Functional Study of the N-Terminal Region of Influenza B Virus Nucleoprotein. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137802. [PMID: 26368391 PMCID: PMC4569402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza nucleoprotein (NP) is a major component of the ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) in influenza virus, which functions for the transcription and replication of viral genome. Compared to the nucleoprotein of influenza A (ANP), the N-terminal region of influenza B nucleoprotein (BNP) is much extended. By virus reconstitution, we found that the first 38 residues are essential for viral growth. We further illustrated the function of BNP by mini-genome reconstitution, fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy, light scattering and gel shift. Results show that the N terminus is involved in the formation of both higher homo-oligomers of BNP and BNP-RNA complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Mandy Ka-Han Lam
- Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinfen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruth Elderfield
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy S. Barclay
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pang-Chui Shaw
- Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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