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Addetia A, Stewart C, Seo AJ, Sprouse KR, Asiri AY, Al-Mozaini M, Memish ZA, Alshukairi A, Veesler D. Mapping immunodominant sites on the MERS-CoV spike glycoprotein targeted by infection-elicited antibodies in humans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.31.586409. [PMID: 38617298 PMCID: PMC11014493 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.31.586409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) first emerged in 2012 and causes human infections in endemic regions. Most vaccines and therapeutics in development against MERS-CoV focus on the spike (S) glycoprotein to prevent viral entry into target cells. These efforts, however, are limited by a poor understanding of antibody responses elicited by infection along with their durability, fine specificity and contribution of distinct S antigenic sites to neutralization. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed S-directed binding and neutralizing antibody titers in plasma collected from individuals infected with MERS-CoV in 2017-2019 (prior to the COVID-19 pandemic). We observed that binding and neutralizing antibodies peak 1 to 6 weeks after symptom onset/hospitalization, persist for at least 6 months, and broadly neutralize human and camel MERS-CoV strains. We show that the MERS-CoV S1 subunit is immunodominant and that antibodies targeting S1, particularly the RBD, account for most plasma neutralizing activity. Antigenic site mapping revealed that polyclonal plasma antibodies frequently target RBD epitopes, particularly a site exposed irrespective of the S trimer conformation, whereas targeting of S2 subunit epitopes is rare, similar to SARS-CoV-2. Our data reveal in unprecedented details the humoral immune responses elicited by MERS-CoV infection, which will guide vaccine and therapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Addetia
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cameron Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Albert J Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kaitlin R Sprouse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ayed Y Asiri
- Al-Hayat National Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Al-Mozaini
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad A Memish
- King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Abeer Alshukairi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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2
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Kim SH, Kim Y, Jeon S, Park U, Kang JI, Jeon K, Kim HR, Oh S, Rhee JY, Choi JP, Park WB, Park SW, Yang JS, Lee JY, Kang J, Shin HS, Kim Y, Kim S, Kim YS, Lim DG, Cho NH. Rise in broadly cross-reactive adaptive immunity against human β-coronaviruses in MERS-recovered patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk6425. [PMID: 38416834 PMCID: PMC10901372 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
To develop a universal coronavirus (CoV) vaccine, long-term immunity against multiple CoVs, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV, and future CoV strains, is crucial. Following the 2015 Korean MERS outbreak, we conducted a long-term follow-up study and found that although neutralizing antibodies and memory T cells against MERS-CoV declined over 5 years, some recovered patients exhibited increased antibody levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. This likely resulted from cross-reactive immunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines or infections. A significant correlation in antibody responses across various CoVs indicates shared immunogenic epitopes. Two epitopes-the spike protein's stem helix and intracellular domain-were highly immunogenic after MERS-CoV infection and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection. In addition, memory T cell responses, especially polyfunctional CD4+ T cells, were enhanced during the pandemic, correlating significantly with MERS-CoV spike-specific antibodies and neutralizing activity. Therefore, incorporating these cross-reactive and immunogenic epitopes into pan-CoV vaccine formulations may facilitate effective vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hee Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangeun Jeon
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Uni Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Il Kang
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ran Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhyeok Oh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Rhee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Phil Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul 02053, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Beom Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Yang
- Center for Emerging Virus Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Center for Emerging Virus Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Kang
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Shik Shin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjae Kim
- Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungtaek Kim
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyun Lim
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Republic of Korea
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3
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He R, Zheng X, Zhang J, Liu B, Wang Q, Wu Q, Liu Z, Chang F, Hu Y, Xie T, Liu Y, Chen J, Yang J, Teng S, Lu R, Pan D, Wang Y, Peng L, Huang W, Terzieva V, Liu W, Wang Y, Li YP, Qu X. SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T FH cells exhibit unique responses in infected and vaccinated individuals. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:393. [PMID: 37802996 PMCID: PMC10558553 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for preventing reinfection. The production of neutralizing antibody (nAb) and B cell differentiation are tightly regulated by T follicular help (TFH) cells. However, the longevity and functional role of TFH cell subsets in COVID-19 convalescents and vaccine recipients remain poorly defined. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection and inactivated vaccine elicited both spike-specific CXCR3+ TFH cell and CXCR3- TFH cell responses, which showed distinct response patterns. Spike-specific CXCR3+ TFH cells exhibit a dominant and more durable response than CXCR3- TFH cells that positively correlated with antibody responses. A third booster dose preferentially expands the spike-specific CXCR3+ TFH cell subset induced by two doses of inactivated vaccine, contributing to antibody maturation and potency. Functionally, spike-specific CXCR3+ TFH cells have a greater ability to induce spike-specific antibody secreting cells (ASCs) differentiation compared to spike-specific CXCR3- TFH cells. In conclusion, the persistent and functional role of spike-specific CXCR3+ TFH cells following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination may play an important role in antibody maintenance and recall response, thereby conferring long-term protection. The findings from this study will inform the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines aiming to induce long-term protective immune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhang He
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China & MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, 421001, Hengyang, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China & MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, 421001, Hengyang, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Qijie Wang
- The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, 422000, Shaoyang, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 501180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Liu
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Chang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 501180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yabin Hu
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Ting Xie
- The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, 422000, Shaoyang, China
| | - Yongchen Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 501180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Shishan Teng
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Dong Pan
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - You Wang
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
- School of Public Health, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, China
| | - Liting Peng
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Key Laboratory of Biological Product Quality Research and Evaluation of National Medical Products Administration, 102629, Beijing, China
| | - Velislava Terzieva
- Laboratory of OMICs Technologies, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction "Acad. Kiril Bratanov", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Wenpei Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China & MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, 421001, Hengyang, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China
| | - Youchun Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Key Laboratory of Biological Product Quality Research and Evaluation of National Medical Products Administration, 102629, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 501180, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaowang Qu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China & MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, 421001, Hengyang, China.
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 423000, Chenzhou, China.
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4
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Weskamm LM, Fathi A, Raadsen MP, Mykytyn AZ, Koch T, Spohn M, Friedrich M, Haagmans BL, Becker S, Sutter G, Dahlke C, Addo MM. Persistence of MERS-CoV-spike-specific B cells and antibodies after late third immunization with the MVA-MERS-S vaccine. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100685. [PMID: 35858586 PMCID: PMC9295383 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a respiratory disease caused by MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). In follow up to a phase 1 trial, we perform a longitudinal analysis of immune responses following immunization with the modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-based vaccine MVA-MERS-S encoding the MERS-CoV-spike protein. Three homologous immunizations were administered on days 0 and 28 with a late booster vaccination at 12 ± 4 months. Antibody isotypes, subclasses, and neutralization capacity as well as T and B cell responses were monitored over a period of 3 years using standard and bead-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 50% plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT50), enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot), and flow cytometry. The late booster immunization significantly increases the frequency and persistence of spike-specific B cells, binding immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and neutralizing antibodies but not T cell responses. Our data highlight the potential of a late boost to enhance long-term antibody and B cell immunity against MERS-CoV. Our findings on the MVA-MERS-S vaccine may be of relevance for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie M Weskamm
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany.
| | - Anahita Fathi
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany; First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthijs P Raadsen
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Z Mykytyn
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Till Koch
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany; First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Spohn
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Bioinformatics Core Unit, Hamburg University Medical Centre, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Monika Friedrich
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Bart L Haagmans
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan Becker
- German Centre for Infection Research, Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Germany; Institute for Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Sutter
- German Centre for Infection Research, München, Germany; Division of Virology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Dahlke
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany.
| | - Marylyn M Addo
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany; First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Li D, Liao X, Ma Z, Zhang L, Dong J, Zheng G, Zi M, Peng W, Wei L, Li Z, Kong Y, Wang L, Liu D, Wang F, He Q, Li G, Zhang Z, Liu L. Clinical status of patients 1 year after hospital discharge following recovery from COVID-19: a prospective cohort study. Ann Intensive Care 2022; 12:64. [PMID: 35816225 PMCID: PMC9272871 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-022-01034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The long-term clinical status of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in recovered patients remains largely unknown. This prospective cohort study evaluated clinical status of COVID-19 and explored the associated risk factors. Methods At the outpatient visit, patients underwent routine blood tests, physical examinations, pulmonary function tests, 6-min walk test, high-resolution computed tomography (CT) of the chest, and extrapulmonary organ function tests. Results 230 patients were analyzed. Half (52.7%) reported at least one symptom, most commonly fatigue (20.3%) and sleep difficulties (15.8%). Anxiety (8.2%), depression (11.3%), post-traumatic symptoms (10.3%), and sleep disorders (26.3%) were also reported. Diffusion impairments were found in 35.4% of the patients. Abnormal chest CT scans were present in 63.5% of the patients, mainly reticulation and ground-glass opacities. Further, a persistent decline in kidney function was observed after discharge. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies of IgA, IgG, and IgM were positive in 56.4%, 96.3%, and 15.2% of patients, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression showed that disease severity, age, and sex were closely related to patient recovery. Conclusions One year after hospital discharge, patients recovered from COVID-19 continued to experience both pulmonary and extrapulmonary dysfunction. While paying attention to pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19, follow-up studies on extrapulmonary manifestations should be strengthened. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13613-022-01034-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Li
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Xuejiao Liao
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 518112, China.,Department of Chronic Disease Follow-Up, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Zhenghua Ma
- Department of Chronic Disease Follow-Up, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Chronic Disease Follow-Up, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Jingke Dong
- Department of Chronic Disease Follow-Up, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Guoqin Zheng
- Department of Chronic Disease Follow-Up, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Mei Zi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Wujian Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Lanlan Wei
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Zhiyan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Yingjun Kong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Lifei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Dongjing Liu
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Qing He
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 518112, China.
| | - Guobao Li
- Department of the Third Pulmonary Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 518112, China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 518112, China. .,Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 518112, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-Infection Drug Quality Evaluation, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 518112, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 518112, China. .,Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, 518112, China.
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6
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Park U, Cho NH. Protective and pathogenic role of humoral responses in COVID-19. J Microbiol 2022; 60:268-275. [PMID: 35235178 PMCID: PMC8890013 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-2037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the advent of SARS-CoV-2 in Dec. 2019, the global endeavor to identify the pathogenic mechanism of COVID-19 has been ongoing. Although humoral immunity including neutralizing activity play an important role in protection from the viral pathogen, dysregulated antibody responses may be associated with the pathogenic progression of COVID-19, especially in high-risk individuals. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibodies acquired by prior infection or vaccination act as immune pressure, driving continuous population turnover by selecting for antibody-escaping mutations. Here, we review accumulating knowledge on the potential role of humoral immune responses in COVID-19, primarily focusing on their beneficial and pathogenic properties. Understanding the multifaceted regulatory mechanisms of humoral responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection can help us to develop more effective therapeutics, as well as protective measures against the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uni Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea.
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, 25159, Republic of Korea.
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Chen QQ, Gong L, Wu XM, Feng YT, Luo WR, Zhou X, Yuan Y, Yu JL, He L, Wang P, Ge YL, Hou S, Li WW, Sun Y, Wu JB, Su B, Pan HF, He J, Liu ZR. Changes in Serum Neutralizing Antibodies Levels During Convalescence of COVID-19 Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:829273. [PMID: 35223924 PMCID: PMC8879838 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.829273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of serum-specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody has become a complementary means for the identification of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As we already know, the neutralizing antibody titers in patients with COVID-19 decrease during the course of time after convalescence, whereas the duration of antibody responses in the convalescent patients has not been defined clearly. In the current study, we collected 148 serum samples from 37 confirmed COVID-19 cases with different disease severities. The neutralizing antibodies (Nabs), IgM and IgG against COVID-19 were determined by CLIA Microparticle and microneutralization assay, respectively. The time duration of serum titers of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were recorded. Our results indicate that IgG (94.44%) and Nabs (89.19%) can be detected at low levels within 190–266 days of disease onset. The findings can advance knowledge regarding the antibody detection results for COVID-19 patients and provide a method for evaluating the immune response after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Chen
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Min Wu
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Ya-Ting Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Wan-Rong Luo
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Ling Yu
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Lan He
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Ying-Lu Ge
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Sai Hou
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Bing Wu
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Su
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Hai-Feng Pan
| | - Jun He
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Jun He
| | - Zhi-Rong Liu
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- Zhi-Rong Liu
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Shin HS, Kim Y, Kang J, Um J, Park JS, Park WB, Kim YS, Choi JP, Rhee JY, Joh JS, Cho NH, Yang JS, Lee JY, Lim DG. Longitudinal Analysis of Memory T cell Responses in Survivors of Middle East respiratory syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 75:596-603. [PMID: 34893799 PMCID: PMC9383109 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a highly lethal respiratory disease caused by a zoonotic betacoronavirus. The development of effective vaccines and control measures requires a thorough understanding of the immune response to this viral infection. Methods We investigated cellular immune responses up to 5 years after infection in a cohort of 59 MERS survivors by performing enzyme-linked immunospot assay and intracellular cytokine staining after stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with synthetic viral peptides. Results Memory T-cell responses were detected in 82%, 75%, 69%, 64%, and 64% of MERS survivors from 1–5 years post-infection, respectively. Although the frequency of virus-specific interferon gamma (IFN-γ)–secreting T cells tended to be higher in moderately/severely ill patients than in mildly ill patients during the early period of follow-up, there was no significant difference among the different clinical severity groups across all time points. While both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were involved in memory T-cell responses, CD4+ T cells persisted slightly longer than CD8+ T cells. Both memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells recognized the E/M/N proteins better than the S protein and maintained their polyfunctionality throughout the period examined. Memory T-cell responses correlated positively with antibody responses during the initial 3–4 years but not with maximum viral loads at any time point. Conclusions These findings advance our understanding of the dynamics of virus-specific memory T-cell immunity after MERS-coronavirus infection, which is relevant to the development of effective T cell–based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Shik Shin
- Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center, Seoul. Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjae Kim
- Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center, Seoul. Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Kang
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Um
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Sun Park
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Beom Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Phil Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Rhee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Sung Joh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Yang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyun Lim
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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