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Mercader-Ruiz J, Beitia M, Delgado D, Sánchez P, Porras B, Gimeno I, González S, Benito-Lopez F, Basabe-Desmonts L, Sánchez M. Current Challenges in the Development of Platelet-Rich Plasma-Based Therapies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 2024:6444120. [PMID: 39157212 PMCID: PMC11329313 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6444120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, biological therapies are booming and more of these formulations are coming to the market. Platelet-rich plasma, or PRP, is one of the most widely used biological therapies due to its ease of obtention and autologous character. Most of the techniques to obtain PRP are focusing on new processes and methods of optimization. However, not enough consideration is being given to modify the molecular components of PRP to generate more effective formulations with the aim of improving PRP treatments. Therefore, this review covers different novel PRP-obtaining methods that attempt to modify the molecular composition of the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Mercader-Ruiz
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHUBIOMICs Microfluidics GroupLascaray Research CenterUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHU 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Advance Biological Therapy UnitHospital Vithas Vitoria 01008, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Maider Beitia
- Advance Biological Therapy UnitHospital Vithas Vitoria 01008, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Diego Delgado
- Advance Biological Therapy UnitHospital Vithas Vitoria 01008, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Pello Sánchez
- Advance Biological Therapy UnitHospital Vithas Vitoria 01008, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Arthroscopic Surgery UnitHospital Vithas Vitoria 01008, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Begoña Porras
- Arthroscopic Surgery UnitHospital Vithas Vitoria 01008, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Irene Gimeno
- Advance Biological Therapy UnitHospital Vithas Vitoria 01008, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Sergio González
- Arthroscopic Surgery UnitHospital Vithas Vitoria 01008, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Fernando Benito-Lopez
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHUAnalytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC) GroupAnalytical Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHU 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Lourdes Basabe-Desmonts
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHUBIOMICs Microfluidics GroupLascaray Research CenterUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHU 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Basque Foundation of ScienceIKERBASQUE 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mikel Sánchez
- Advance Biological Therapy UnitHospital Vithas Vitoria 01008, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Arthroscopic Surgery UnitHospital Vithas Vitoria 01008, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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2
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Razi S, Tarcea N, Henkel T, Ravikumar R, Pistiki A, Wagenhaus A, Girnus S, Taubert M, Küsel K, Rösch P, Popp J. Raman-Activated, Interactive Sorting of Isotope-Labeled Bacteria. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4503. [PMID: 39065901 PMCID: PMC11281290 DOI: 10.3390/s24144503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Due to its high spatial resolution, Raman microspectroscopy allows for the analysis of single microbial cells. Since Raman spectroscopy analyzes the whole cell content, this method is phenotypic and can therefore be used to evaluate cellular changes. In particular, labeling with stable isotopes (SIPs) enables the versatile use and observation of different metabolic states in microbes. Nevertheless, static measurements can only analyze the present situation and do not allow for further downstream evaluations. Therefore, a combination of Raman analysis and cell sorting is necessary to provide the possibility for further research on selected bacteria in a sample. Here, a new microfluidic approach for Raman-activated continuous-flow sorting of bacteria using an optical setup for image-based particle sorting with synchronous acquisition and analysis of Raman spectra for making the sorting decision is demonstrated, showing that active cells can be successfully sorted by means of this microfluidic chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Razi
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance—Leibniz Health Technologies, 07745 Jena, Germany; (S.R.); (N.T.); (T.H.); (A.P.)
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Nicolae Tarcea
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance—Leibniz Health Technologies, 07745 Jena, Germany; (S.R.); (N.T.); (T.H.); (A.P.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (R.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Thomas Henkel
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance—Leibniz Health Technologies, 07745 Jena, Germany; (S.R.); (N.T.); (T.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Ramya Ravikumar
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (R.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Aikaterini Pistiki
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance—Leibniz Health Technologies, 07745 Jena, Germany; (S.R.); (N.T.); (T.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Annette Wagenhaus
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (R.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Sophie Girnus
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (R.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Martin Taubert
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.T.); (K.K.)
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kirsten Küsel
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.T.); (K.K.)
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Petra Rösch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (R.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance—Leibniz Health Technologies, 07745 Jena, Germany; (S.R.); (N.T.); (T.H.); (A.P.)
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.T.); (K.K.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (R.R.); (P.R.)
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3
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Zhao H, Zhang Y, Hua D. A Review of Research Progress in Microfluidic Bioseparation and Bioassay. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:893. [PMID: 39064404 PMCID: PMC11278910 DOI: 10.3390/mi15070893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development of biotechnology, the importance of microfluidic bioseparation and bioassay in biomedicine, clinical diagnosis, and other fields has become increasingly prominent. Microfluidic technology, with its significant advantages of high throughput, automated operation, and low sample consumption, has brought new breakthroughs in the field of biological separation and bioassay. In this paper, the latest research progress in microfluidic technology in the field of bioseparation and bioassay is reviewed. Then, we focus on the methods of bioseparation including active separation, passive separation, and hybrid separation. At the same time, the latest research results of our group in particle separation are introduced. Finally, some application examples or methods for bioassay after particle separation are listed, and the current challenges and future prospects of bioseparation and bioassay are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dengxin Hua
- Center for Lidar Remote Sensing Research, School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China.; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
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Racaniello GF, Silvestri T, Pistone M, D'Amico V, Arduino I, Denora N, Lopedota AA. Innovative Pharmaceutical Techniques for Paediatric Dosage Forms: A Systematic Review on 3D Printing, Prilling/Vibration and Microfluidic Platform. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1726-1748. [PMID: 38582283 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The production of paediatric pharmaceutical forms represents a unique challenge within the pharmaceutical industry. The primary goal of these formulations is to ensure therapeutic efficacy, safety, and tolerability in paediatric patients, who have specific physiological needs and characteristics. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in attention towards this area, driven by the need to improve drug administration to children and ensure optimal and specific treatments. Technological innovation has played a crucial role in meeting these requirements, opening new frontiers in the design and production of paediatric pharmaceutical forms. In particular, three emerging technologies have garnered considerable interest and attention within the scientific and industrial community: 3D printing, prilling/vibration, and microfluidics. These technologies offer advanced approaches for the design, production, and customization of paediatric pharmaceutical forms, allowing for more precise dosage modulation, improved solubility, and greater drug acceptability. In this review, we delve into these cutting-edge technologies and their impact on the production of paediatric pharmaceutical forms. We analyse their potential, associated challenges, and recent developments, providing a comprehensive overview of the opportunities that these innovative methodologies offer to the pharmaceutical sector. We examine different pharmaceutical forms generated using these techniques, evaluating their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa Silvestri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, D. Montesano St. 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Pistone
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Vita D'Amico
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Arduino
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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Chu PY, Wu AY, Tsai KY, Hsieh CH, Wu MH. Combination of an Optically Induced Dielectrophoresis (ODEP) Mechanism and a Laminar Flow Pattern in a Microfluidic System for the Continuous Size-Based Sorting and Separation of Microparticles. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:297. [PMID: 38920601 PMCID: PMC11201910 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP)-based microparticle sorting and separation is regarded as promising. However, current methods normally lack the downstream process for the transportation and collection of separated microparticles, which could limit its applications. To address this issue, an ODEP microfluidic chip encompassing three microchannels that join only at the central part of the microchannels (i.e., the working zone) was designed. During operation, three laminar flows were generated in the zone, where two dynamic light bar arrays were designed to sort and separate PS (polystyrene) microbeads of different sizes in a continuous manner. The separated PS microbeads were then continuously transported in laminar flows in a partition manner for the final collection. The results revealed that the method was capable of sorting and separating PS microbeads in a high-purity manner (e.g., the microbead purity values were 89.9 ± 3.7, 88.0 ± 2.5, and 92.8 ± 6.5% for the 5.8, 10.8, and 15.8 μm microbeads harvested, respectively). Overall, this study demonstrated the use of laminar flow and ODEP to achieve size-based sorting, separation, and collection of microparticles in a continuous and high-performance manner. Apart from the demonstration, this method can also be utilized for size-based sorting and the separation of other biological or nonbiological microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Chu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Yun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yu Tsai
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsien Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
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Wamsler K, Head LC, Shendruk TN. Lock-key microfluidics: simulating nematic colloid advection along wavy-walled channels. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3954-3970. [PMID: 38682298 PMCID: PMC11095502 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01536j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Liquid crystalline media mediate interactions between suspended particles and confining geometries, which not only has potential to guide patterning and bottom-up colloidal assembly, but can also control colloidal migration in microfluidic devices. However, simulating such dynamics is challenging because nemato-elasticity, diffusivity and hydrodynamic interactions must all be accounted for within complex boundaries. We model the advection of colloids dispersed in flowing and fluctuating nematic fluids confined within 2D wavy channels. A lock-key mechanism between homeotropic colloids and troughs is found to be stronger for planar anchoring on the wavy walls compared to homeotropic anchoring on the wavy walls due to the relative location of the colloid-associated defects. Sufficiently large amplitudes result in stick-slip trajectories and even permanent locking of colloids in place. These results demonstrate that wavy walls not only have potential to direct colloids to specific docking sites but also to control site-specific resting duration and intermittent elution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wamsler
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK.
| | - Louise C Head
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK.
| | - Tyler N Shendruk
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK.
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Shanehband N, Naghib SM. Recent advances in nano/microfluidics-based cell isolation techniques for cancer diagnosis and treatments. Biochimie 2024; 220:122-143. [PMID: 38176605 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Miniaturization has improved significantly in the recent decade, which has enabled the development of numerous microfluidic systems. Microfluidic technologies have shown great potential for separating desired cells from heterogeneous samples, as they offer benefits such as low sample consumption, easy operation, and high separation accuracy. Microfluidic cell separation approaches can be classified into physical (label-free) and biological (labeled) methods based on their working principles. Each method has remarkable and feasible benefits for the purposes of cancer detection and therapy, as well as the challenges that we have discussed in this article. In this review, we present the recent advances in microfluidic cell sorting techniques that incorporate both physical and biological aspects, with an emphasis on the methods by which the cells are separated. We first introduce and discuss the biological cell sorting techniques, followed by the physical cell sorting techniques. Additionally, we explore the role of microfluidics in drug screening, drug delivery, and lab-on-chip (LOC) therapy. In addition, we discuss the challenges and future prospects of integrated microfluidics for cell sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Shanehband
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Naghib
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran.
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Yan JD, Yang CY, Han A, Wu CC. A Label-Free Droplet Sorting Platform Integrating Dielectrophoretic Separation for Estimating Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:218. [PMID: 38785691 PMCID: PMC11117925 DOI: 10.3390/bios14050218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a crucial global health issue. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can survive after antibiotic treatments, lowering drug efficacy and increasing lethal risks. A microfluidic water-in-oil emulsion droplet system can entrap microorganisms and antibiotics within the tiny bioreactor, separate from the surroundings, enabling independent assays that can be performed in a high-throughput manner. This study presents the development of a label-free dielectrophoresis (DEP)-based microfluidic platform to sort droplets that co-encapsulate Escherichia coli (E. coli) and ampicillin (Amp) and droplets that co-encapsulate Amp-resistant (AmpR) E. coli with Amp only based on the conductivity-dependent DEP force (FDEP) without the assistance of optical analyses. The 9.4% low conductivity (LC) Luria-Bertani (LB) broth diluted with 170 mM mannitol can maintain E. coli and AmpR E. coli growth for 3 h and allow Amp to kill almost all E. coli, which can significantly increase the LCLB conductivity by about 100 μS/cm. Therefore, the AmpR E. coli/9.4%LCLB/Amp where no cells are killed and the E. coli/9.4%LCLB/Amp-containing droplets where most of the cells are killed can be sorted based on this conductivity difference at an applied electric field of 2 MHz and 100 Vpp that generates positive FDEP. Moreover, the sorting ratio significantly decreased to about 50% when the population of AmpR E. coli was equal to or higher than 50% in droplets. The conductivity-dependent DEP-based sorting platform exhibits promising potential to probe the ratio of AmpR E. coli in an unknown bacterial sample by using the sorting ratio as an index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-De Yan
- Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan;
| | - Chiou-Ying Yang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan;
| | - Arum Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ching-Chou Wu
- Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
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Liu L, Zhang L, Zhang X, Dong X, Jiang X, Huang X, Li W, Xie X, Qiu X. Analysis of cellular response to drugs with a microfluidic single-cell platform based on hyperspectral imaging. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1288:342158. [PMID: 38220290 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular response to pharmacological action of drugs is significant for drug development. Traditional detection method for cellular response to drugs normally rely on cell proliferation assay and metabolomics examination. In principle, these analytical methods often required cell labeling, invasion analysis, and hours of co-culture with drugs, which are relatively complex and time-consuming. Moreover, these methods can only indicate the drug effectiveness on cell colony rather than single cells. Thus, to meet the requirements of personal precision medicine, the development of drug response analysis on the high resolution of single cell is demanded. RESULTS To provide precise result for drug response on single-cell level, a microfluidic platform coupled with the label-free hyperspectral imaging was developed. With the help of horizontal single-cell trapping sieves, hundreds of single cells were trapped independently in microfluidic channels for the purposes of real-time drug delivery and single-cell hyperspectral image recording. To significantly identify the cellular hyperspectral change after drug stimulation, the differenced single-cell spectrum was proposed. Compared with the deep learning classification method based on hyperspectral images, an optimal performance can be achieved by the classification strategy based on differenced spectra. And the cellular response to different reagents, for example, K+, Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), and Gefitinib at different concentrations can be accurately characterized by the differenced single-cell spectra analysis. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY The high-throughput, rapid analysis of cellular response to drugs at the single-cell level can be accurately performed by our platform. After systematically analyzing the materials and the structures of the single-cell microfluidic chip, the optimal single-cell trapping method was proposed to contribute to the further application of hyperspectral imaging on microfluidic single-cell analysis. And the hyperspectral characterization of single-cell with cancer drug stimulation proved the application potential of our method in personal cancer medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Liu
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xueyu Zhang
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaobin Dong
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xianbo Qiu
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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10
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Torres-Castro K, Acuña-Umaña K, Lesser-Rojas L, Reyes DR. Microfluidic Blood Separation: Key Technologies and Critical Figures of Merit. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2117. [PMID: 38004974 PMCID: PMC10672873 DOI: 10.3390/mi14112117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Blood is a complex sample comprised mostly of plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), and other cells whose concentrations correlate to physiological or pathological health conditions. There are also many blood-circulating biomarkers, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and various pathogens, that can be used as measurands to diagnose certain diseases. Microfluidic devices are attractive analytical tools for separating blood components in point-of-care (POC) applications. These platforms have the potential advantage of, among other features, being compact and portable. These features can eventually be exploited in clinics and rapid tests performed in households and low-income scenarios. Microfluidic systems have the added benefit of only needing small volumes of blood drawn from patients (from nanoliters to milliliters) while integrating (within the devices) the steps required before detecting analytes. Hence, these systems will reduce the associated costs of purifying blood components of interest (e.g., specific groups of cells or blood biomarkers) for studying and quantifying collected blood fractions. The microfluidic blood separation field has grown since the 2000s, and important advances have been reported in the last few years. Nonetheless, real POC microfluidic blood separation platforms are still elusive. A widespread consensus on what key figures of merit should be reported to assess the quality and yield of these platforms has not been achieved. Knowing what parameters should be reported for microfluidic blood separations will help achieve that consensus and establish a clear road map to promote further commercialization of these devices and attain real POC applications. This review provides an overview of the separation techniques currently used to separate blood components for higher throughput separations (number of cells or particles per minute). We present a summary of the critical parameters that should be considered when designing such devices and the figures of merit that should be explicitly reported when presenting a device's separation capabilities. Ultimately, reporting the relevant figures of merit will benefit this growing community and help pave the road toward commercialization of these microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Torres-Castro
- Biophysical and Biomedical Measurements Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA;
- Theiss Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katherine Acuña-Umaña
- Medical Devices Master’s Program, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR), Cartago 30101, Costa Rica
| | - Leonardo Lesser-Rojas
- Research Center in Atomic, Nuclear and Molecular Sciences (CICANUM), San José 11501, Costa Rica;
- School of Physics, Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), San José 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Darwin R. Reyes
- Biophysical and Biomedical Measurements Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA;
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Mezzanzanica G, Français O, Mariani S. Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Microfluidic Device for Microparticles Manipulation: Effects of Microchannel Elasticity on the Device Performance. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1799. [PMID: 37763962 PMCID: PMC10537826 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Size sorting, line focusing, and isolation of microparticles or cells are fundamental ingredients in the improvement of disease diagnostic tools adopted in biology and biomedicine. Microfluidic devices are exploited as a solution to transport and manipulate (bio)particles via a liquid flow. Use of acoustic waves traveling through the fluid provides non-contact solutions to the handling goal, by exploiting the acoustophoretic phenomenon. In this paper, a finite element model of a microfluidic surface acoustic wave-based device for the manipulation of microparticles is reported. Counter-propagating waves are designed to interfere inside a PDMS microchannel and generate a standing surface acoustic wave which is transmitted to the fluid as a standing pressure field. A model of the cross-section of the device is considered to perform a sensitivity analysis of such a standing pressure field to uncertainties related to the geometry of the microchannel, especially in terms of thickness and width of the fluid domain. To also assess the effects caused by possible secondary waves traveling in the microchannel, the PDMS is modeled as an elastic solid material. Remarkable effects and possible issues in microparticle actuation, as related to the size of the microchannel, are discussed by way of exemplary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Mezzanzanica
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Olivier Français
- Electronics, Communication systems and Microsystems (ESYCOM), Université Gustave Eiffel, National Centre of Scientific Research (CNRS), F-77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France;
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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12
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Özkayar G, Wang Z, Lötters J, Tichem M, Ghatkesar MK. Flow Ripple Reduction in Reciprocating Pumps by Multi-Phase Rectification. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6967. [PMID: 37571751 PMCID: PMC10422673 DOI: 10.3390/s23156967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Reciprocating piezoelectric micropumps enable miniaturization in microfluidics for lab-on-a-chip applications such as organs-on-chips (OoC). However, achieving a steady flow when using these micropumps is a significant challenge because of flow ripples in the displaced liquid, especially at low frequencies or low flow rates (<50 µL/min). Although dampers are widely used for reducing ripples in a flow, their efficiency depends on the driving frequency of the pump. Here, we investigated multi-phase rectification as an approach to minimize ripples at low flow rates by connecting piezoelectric micropumps in parallel. The efficiency in ripple reduction was evaluated with an increasing number (n) of pumps connected in parallel, each actuated by an alternating voltage waveform with a phase difference of 2π/n (called multi-phase rectification) at a chosen frequency. We introduce a fluidic ripple factor (RFfl.), which is the ratio of the root mean square (RMS) value of the fluctuations present in the rectified output to the average fluctuation-free value of the discharge flow, as a metric to express the quality of the flow. The fluidic ripple factor was reduced by more than 90% by using three-phase rectification when compared to one-phase rectification in the 2-60 μL/min flow rate range. Analytical equations to estimate the fluidic ripple factor for a chosen number of pumps connected in parallel are presented, and we experimentally confirmed up to four pumps. The analysis shown can be used to design a frequency-independent multi-phase fluid rectifier to the desired ripple level in a flow for reciprocating pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gürhan Özkayar
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands; (Z.W.)
| | - Zhilin Wang
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands; (Z.W.)
| | - Joost Lötters
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands; (Z.W.)
- Bronkhorst High-Tech B.V., 7261 AK Ruurlo, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Tichem
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands; (Z.W.)
| | - Murali Krishna Ghatkesar
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands; (Z.W.)
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13
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Polyakova N, Kandarakov O, Belyavsky A. Selection of Cell Populations with High or Low Surface Marker Expression Using Magnetic Sorting. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091286. [PMID: 37174686 PMCID: PMC10177026 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic cell sorting technology stands out because of its speed, simplicity, and ability to process large cell numbers. However, it also suffers from a number of drawbacks, in particular low discrimination power, which results in all-or-none selection outcomes limited to a bulk separation of cell populations into positive and negative fractions, as well as the modest purity of the selected cells and the inability to select subpopulations of cells with high expression of a surface marker. In the present study, we developed a simple solution to this problem and confirmed the effectiveness of this approach by multiple experiments with the magnetic selection of transduced cell populations. Murine NIH 3T3 cells were transduced with the bicistronic retroviral vector constructs co-expressing fluorescent reporter proteins EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) or DsRed-Express 2 and LNGFR (low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor) as surface selection markers. The effects of the magnetic selection of transduced cells with anti-LNGFR Micro Bead (MB) doses ranging from 0.5 to 80 µL have been assessed. Low doses of MBs favored the depletion of weakly positive cells from the population, resulting in the higher expression levels of EGFP or DsRed-Express2 reporters in the selected cell fractions. Low MB doses also contributed to the increased purity of the selected population, even for samples with a low initial percentage of positive cells. At the same time, high MB doses resulted in the increased yield and a more faithful representation of the original expression profiles following selection. We further demonstrate that for populations with fairly narrow distribution of expression levels, it is possible to achieve separation into high- and low-expressing subsets using the two-stage selection scheme based on the sequential use of low and high doses of MBs. For populations with broad expression distribution, a one-stage selection with low or high doses of MBs is sufficient for a clear separation of low- and high-expressing subsets in the column-retained and flow-through fractions, respectively. This study substantially extends the potential of magnetic cell sorting, and may open new possibilities in a number of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Polyakova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg Kandarakov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander Belyavsky
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia
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14
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Keumarsi MM, Oskouei PF, Dezhkam R, Shamloo A, Vatandoust F, Amiri HA. Numerical study of a double-stair-shaped dielectrophoresis channel for continuous on-chip cell separation and lysis using finite element method. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1696:463960. [PMID: 37030128 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Prognostication of numerous chronic diseases are in need of identifying circulating tumor cells (CTCs), afterwards, separating and reviving contaminated samples are required. Conventional methods of separating blood cells, namely cytometry or magnetically activated cell sorting, in many cases lose their functionality, or efficiency under different conditions. Hence microfluidic methods of separation have been implemented. Herein, an innovative integrated double stair-shaped microchannel is designed and optimized, capable of 'separation', and 'chemical lysis' simultaneously in which the lysis reagent concentration can be controlled to tune the lysis intensity. The method of insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP), which is the main physics in this device, is utilized yielding maximum separation. Pivotal features of the applied voltage, the voltage difference, the angles and the number of stairs, and the width of the throat in the microchannel have been numerically explored in order to optimize the channel in terms of separation and the lysis buffer concentration. The overall state of optimum case for the voltage difference (ΔV) of 10 owns the following features: the number of stairs is 2, the angle of stairs is 110°, the width of throat is 140 μm, and the inlet voltages are 30 V and 40 V. Also, the overall state of optimum cases for delta possess the following features: the number of stairs is 2, the angle of stairs is 110°, the width of throat is 140 μm, and the inlet voltages are 30 V and 35 V.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pouria Feyzi Oskouei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasool Dezhkam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzad Vatandoust
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biomechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoseyn A Amiri
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biomechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Hettiarachchi S, Cha H, Ouyang L, Mudugamuwa A, An H, Kijanka G, Kashaninejad N, Nguyen NT, Zhang J. Recent microfluidic advances in submicron to nanoparticle manipulation and separation. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:982-1010. [PMID: 36367456 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00793b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation and separation of submicron and nanoparticles are indispensable in many chemical, biological, medical, and environmental applications. Conventional technologies such as ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography, precipitation and immunoaffinity capture are limited by high cost, low resolution, low purity or the risk of damage to biological particles. Microfluidics can accurately control fluid flow in channels with dimensions of tens of micrometres. Rapid microfluidics advancement has enabled precise sorting and isolating of nanoparticles with better resolution and efficiency than conventional technologies. This paper comprehensively studies the latest progress in microfluidic technology for submicron and nanoparticle manipulation. We first summarise the principles of the traditional techniques for manipulating nanoparticles. Following the classification of microfluidic techniques as active, passive, and hybrid approaches, we elaborate on the physics, device design, working mechanism and applications of each technique. We also compare the merits and demerits of different microfluidic techniques and benchmark them with conventional technologies. Concurrently, we summarise seven standard post-separation detection techniques for nanoparticles. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future perspectives on microfluidic technology for nanoparticle manipulation and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samith Hettiarachchi
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Haotian Cha
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Lingxi Ouyang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | | | - Hongjie An
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Gregor Kijanka
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Navid Kashaninejad
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
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16
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Sano H, Kazoe Y, Ohta R, Shimizu H, Morikawa K, Kitamori T. Nanofluidic analytical system integrated with nanochannel open/close valves for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:727-736. [PMID: 36484269 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00881e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There have been significant advances in the field of nanofluidics, and novel technologies such as single-cell analysis have been demonstrated. Despite the evident advantages of nanofluidics, fluid control in nanochannels for complicated analyses is extremely difficult because the fluids are currently manipulated by maintaining the balance of driving pressure. To address this issue, the use of valves will be essential. Our group previously developed a nanochannel open/close valve utilizing glass deformation, but this has not yet been integrated into nanofluidic devices for analytical applications. In the present study, a nanofluidic analytical system integrated with multiple nanochannel open/close valves was developed. This system consists of eight pneumatic pumps, seven nanochannel open/close valves combined with piezoelectric actuators, and an ultra-high sensitivity detector for non-fluorescent molecules. For simultaneous actuation of multiple valves, a device holder was designed that prevented deformation of the entire device caused by operating the valves. A system was subsequently devised to align each valve and actuator with a precision of better than 20 μm to permit the operation of valves. The developed analytical system was verified by analyzing IL-6 molecules using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fluid operations such as sample injection, pL-level aliquot sampling and flow switching were accomplished in this device simply by opening/closing specific valves, and a sample consisting of approximately 1500 IL-6 molecules was successfully detected. This study is expected to significantly improve the usability of nanofluidic analytical devices and lead to the realization of sophisticated analytical techniques such as single-cell proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kazoe
- Department of System Design Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Ryoichi Ohta
- Collaborative Research Organization for Micro and Nano Multifunctional Devices, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shimizu
- Collaborative Research Organization for Micro and Nano Multifunctional Devices, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kyojiro Morikawa
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan.
- Collaborative Research Organization for Micro and Nano Multifunctional Devices, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takehiko Kitamori
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan.
- Collaborative Research Organization for Micro and Nano Multifunctional Devices, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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17
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Zolti O, Suganthan B, Ramasamy RP. Lab-on-a-Chip Electrochemical Biosensors for Foodborne Pathogen Detection: A Review of Common Standards and Recent Progress. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13020215. [PMID: 36831981 PMCID: PMC9954316 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens are an important diagnostic target for the food, beverage, and health care industries due to their prevalence and the adverse effects they can cause to public health, food safety, and the economy. The standards that determine whether a given type of food is fit for consumption are set by governments and must be taken into account when designing a new diagnostic tool such as a biosensor platform. In order to meet these stringent detection limits, cost, and reliability standards, recent research has been focused on developing lab-on-a-chip-based approaches for detection devices that use microfluidic channels and platforms. The microfluidics-based devices are designed, developed, and used in different ways to achieve the established common standards for food pathogen testing that enable high throughput, rapid detection, low sample volume, and minimal pretreatment procedures. Combining microfluidic approaches with electrochemical biosensing could offer affordable, portable, and easy to use devices for food pathogen diagnostics. This review presents an analysis of the established common standards and the recent progress made in electrochemical sensors toward the development of future lab-on-a-chip devices that will aid 'collection-to-detection' using a single method and platform.
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18
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Sun G, Wu Y, Huang Z, Liu Y, Li J, Du G, Lv X, Liu L. Directed evolution of diacetylchitobiose deacetylase via high-throughput droplet sorting with a novel, bacteria-based biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 219:114818. [PMID: 36327560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous biological disciplines rely on high-throughput cell sorting. Flow cytometry, the current gold standard, is capable of ultrahigh-throughput cell sorting, but measurements are primarily limited to cell size and surface marker. Droplet sorting technology is gaining increasing attention with the ability to provide an individual environment for the analysis of single-cell secretion. Although various droplet detecting methods, such as fluorescence, absorbance, mass spectrum, imaging analysis, have been developed for droplet sorting, it remains challenging to establish high-throughput sorting methods for numerous analytes. We aim to develop a high-throughput sorting system based on the glucosamine (GlcN) measurement for the directed evolution of diacetylchitobiose deacetylase (Dac), the key enzyme for GlcN production. To overcome the limitation that no high-throughput sorting system existed for GlcN, we designed a novel bacteria-based biosensor capable of converting GlcN to a positively correlated fluorescence signal. Through characterization and optimization, it was possible to detect GlcN in droplets for high-throughput droplet sorting. We recovered the best Dac mutant S60I/R157T/F168S after sorting ∼0.2 million Dac mutants; its activity was 48.6 ± 1.5 U/mL, which was 1.8-times that of our previously discovered Dac mutant R157T (27.2 ± 1.8 U/mL). This result successfully demonstrated the combination of high-throughput droplet sorting technology and a bacteria-based biosensor, which could facilitate the industrial production of GlcN and serve as a model for similar droplet sorting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yaokang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ziyang Huang
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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19
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Huang C, Jiang Y, Li Y, Zhang H. Droplet Detection and Sorting System in Microfluidics: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2022; 14:mi14010103. [PMID: 36677164 PMCID: PMC9867185 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Since being invented, droplet microfluidic technologies have been proven to be perfect tools for high-throughput chemical and biological functional screening applications, and they have been heavily studied and improved through the past two decades. Each droplet can be used as one single bioreactor to compartmentalize a big material or biological population, so millions of droplets can be individually screened based on demand, while the sorting function could extract the droplets of interest to a separate pool from the main droplet library. In this paper, we reviewed droplet detection and active sorting methods that are currently still being widely used for high-through screening applications in microfluidic systems, including the latest updates regarding each technology. We analyze and summarize the merits and drawbacks of each presented technology and conclude, with our perspectives, on future direction of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA
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20
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Liu Y, Ji M, Zhang Y, Qiao X, Yu N, Ding C, Yang L, Feng R, Chou X, Geng W. A Novel Detachable, Reusable, and Versatile Acoustic Tweezer Manipulation Platform for Biochemical Analysis and Detection Systems. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1179. [PMID: 36551146 PMCID: PMC9775593 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional, integrated, and reusable operating platforms are highly sought after in biochemical analysis and detection systems. In this study, we demonstrated a novel detachable, reusable acoustic tweezer manipulation platform that is flexible and versatile. The free interchangeability of different detachable microchannel devices on the acoustic tweezer platform was achieved by adding a waveguide layer (glass) and a coupling layer (polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer film). We designed and demonstrated the detachable multifunctional acoustic tweezer platform with three cell manipulation capabilities. In Demo I, the detachable acoustic tweezer platform is demonstrated to have the capability for parallel processing and enrichment of the sample. In Demo II, the detachable acoustic tweezer platform with capability for precise cell alignment is demonstrated. In Demo III, it was demonstrated that the detachable acoustic tweezer platform has the capability for the separation and purification of cells. Through experiments, our acoustic tweezer platform has good acoustic retention ability, reusability, and stability. More capabilities can be expanded in the future. It provides a simple, economical, and multifunctional reusable operating platform solution for biochemical analysis and detection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Liu
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Miaomiao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science &Dynamic Measurement, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Xiaojun Qiao
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Nanxin Yu
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Chenxi Ding
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Lingxiao Yang
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Xiujian Chou
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Wenping Geng
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
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21
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Duan J, Ji M, Zhang B. A Perturbed Asymmetrical Y-TypeSheathless Chip for Particle Control Based on Adjustable Tilted-Angle Traveling Surface Acoustic Waves (ataTSAWs). BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:611. [PMID: 36005007 PMCID: PMC9406206 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The precise control of target particles (20 µm) at different inclination angles θi is achieved by combining a perturbed asymmetric sheathless Y-type microchannel and a digital transducer (IDT). The offset single-row micropillar array with the buffer area can not only concentrate large and small particles in a fixed region of the flow channel, but also avoid the large deflection of some small particles at the end of the array. The addition of the buffer area can effectively improve the separation purity of the chip. By exploring the manufacturing process of the microchannel substrate, an adjustable tilted-angle scheme is proposed. The use of ataTSAW makes the acoustic field area in the microchannel have no corner effect region. Through experiments, when the signal source frequency was 33.6 MHz, and the flow rate was 20 µL/min, our designed chip could capture 20 µm particles when θi = 5°. The deflection of 20 µm particles can be realized when θi = 15°-45°. The precise dynamic separation of 20 µm particles can be achieved when θi = 25°-45°, and the separation purity and efficiency were 97% and 100%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Binzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
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22
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Wang B, Park B. Microfluidic Sampling and Biosensing Systems for Foodborne Escherichia coli and Salmonella. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:359-375. [PMID: 35713922 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Developments of portable biosensors for field-deployable detections have been increasingly important to control foodborne pathogens in regulatory environment and in early stage of outbreaks. Conventional cultivation and gene amplification methods require sophisticated instruments and highly skilled professionals; while portable biosensing devices provide more freedom for rapid detections not only in research laboratories but also in the field; however, their sensitivity and specificity are limited. Microfluidic methods have the advantage of miniaturizing instrumental size while integrating multiple functions and high-throughput capability into one streamlined system at low cost. Minimal sample consumption is another advantage to detect samples in different sizes and concentrations, which is important for the close monitoring of pathogens at consumer end. They improve measurement or manipulation of bacteria by increasing the ratio of functional interface of the device to the targeted biospecies and in turn reducing background interference. This article introduces the major active and passive microfluidic devices that have been used for bacteria sampling and biosensing. The emphasis is on particle-based sorting/enrichment methods with or without external physical fields applied to the microfluidic devices and on various biosensing applications reported for bacteria sampling. Three major fabrication methods for microfluidics are briefly discussed with their advantages and limitations. The applications of these active and passive microfluidic sampling methods in the past 5 years have been summarized, with the focus on Escherichia coli and Salmonella. The current challenges to microfluidic bacteria sampling are caused by the small size and nonspherical shape of various bacterial cells, which can induce unpredictable deviations in sampling and biosensing processes. Future studies are needed to develop rapid prototyping methods for device manufacturing, which can facilitate rapid response to various foodborne pathogen outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Bosoon Park
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Ji M, Liu Y, Duan J, Zang W, Wang Y, Qu Z, Zhang B. A Novel Perturbed Spiral Sheathless Chip for Particle Separation Based on Traveling Surface Acoustic Waves (TSAW). BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050325. [PMID: 35624627 PMCID: PMC9138558 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The combination of the new perturbed spiral channel and a slanted gold interfingered transducer (IDT) is designed to achieve precise dynamic separation of target particles (20 μm). The offset micropillar array solves the defect that the high-width flow (avoiding the occurrence of channel blockage) channel cannot realize the focusing of small particles (5 μm, 10 μm). The relationship between the maximum design gap of the micropillar (Smax) and the particle radius (a) is given: Smax = 4a, which not only ensures that small particles will not pass through the micropillar gap, but also is compatible with the appropriate flow rates. A non-offset micropillar array was used to remove 20 μm particles in the corner area. The innovation of a spiral channel structure greatly improves the separation efficiency and purity of the separation chip. The separation chip designed by us achieves deflection separation of 20 μm particles at 24.95-41.58 MHz (κ = 1.09-1.81), at a flow rate of 1.2 mL per hour. When f = 33.7 MHz (κ = 1.47), the transverse migration distance of 20 μm particles is the smallest, and the separation purity and efficiency are as high as 92% and 100%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (M.J.); (J.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Yukai Liu
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China;
| | - Junping Duan
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (M.J.); (J.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Wenxuan Zang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (M.J.); (J.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (M.J.); (J.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Zeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (M.J.); (J.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Binzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (M.J.); (J.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Q.)
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Li M, Li D, Song Y, Li D. Tunable particle/cell separation across aqueous two-phase system interface by electric pulse in microfluidics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 612:23-34. [PMID: 34974255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Separations of particles and cells are indispensable in many microfluidic systems and have numerous applications in chemistry and biomedicine. The interface of aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) can act as a liquid filter. Under electric field stimuli, the selective transfer of targets across the liquid-liquid interface are expected for particles and cells separation. EXPERIMENTS The separations of particles and cells based on ATPS electrophoresis in a microfluidic chip were investigated. A systematical study of the mechanism of ATPS electrophoresis was performed first by employing polystyrene (PS) particles. Subsequently, the separations of particles and microalgae cells were demonstrated. FINDINGS The electrophoretic transfer of particles across the interface of ATPS is determined by multi-parameters, including the strength of electric pulse, particle size, zeta potential, and hydrophobicity of the particle. The continuous separations of particles/cells can be achieved through the controllable transfer of target particles/cells across the interface under electric pulses in a microfluidic chip. By simply turning the magnitude of the applied electric pulse, the technique is suitable for different purposes, for example, the separations of particles and cells, purification of cells, and viability identification of cells. This tunable separation approach opens opportunities in multidimensional particle and cell sorting for the fields of seed selection of microorganisms, environmental assessment, and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Li
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yongxin Song
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1.
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Hakim M, Kermanshah L, Abouali H, Hashemi HM, Yari A, Khorasheh F, Alemzadeh I, Vossoughi M. Unraveling Cancer Metastatic Cascade Using Microfluidics-based Technologies. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:517-543. [PMID: 35528034 PMCID: PMC9043145 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has long been a leading cause of death. The primary tumor, however, is not the main cause of death in more than 90% of cases. It is the complex process of metastasis that makes cancer deadly. The invasion metastasis cascade is the multi-step biological process of cancer cell dissemination to distant organ sites and adaptation to the new microenvironment site. Unraveling the metastasis process can provide great insight into cancer death prevention or even treatment. Microfluidics is a promising platform, that provides a wide range of applications in metastasis-related investigations. Cell culture microfluidic technologies for in vitro modeling of cancer tissues with fluid flow and the presence of mechanical factors have led to the organ-on-a-chip platforms. Moreover, microfluidic systems have also been exploited for capturing and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) that provide crucial information on the metastatic behavior of a tumor. We present a comprehensive review of the recent developments in the application of microfluidics-based systems for analysis and understanding of the metastasis cascade from a wider perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Hakim
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leyla Kermanshah
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hesam Abouali
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Yari
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Khorasheh
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iran Alemzadeh
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Vossoughi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Bordhan P, Razavi Bazaz S, Jin D, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. Advances and enabling technologies for phase-specific cell cycle synchronisation. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:445-462. [PMID: 35076046 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00724f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle synchronisation is the process of isolating cell populations at specific phases of the cell cycle from heterogeneous, asynchronous cell cultures. The process has important implications in targeted gene-editing and drug efficacy of cells and in studying cell cycle events and regulatory mechanisms involved in the cell cycle progression of multiple cell species. Ideally, cell cycle synchrony techniques should be applicable for all cell types, maintain synchrony across multiple cell cycle events, maintain cell viability and be robust against metabolic and physiological perturbations. In this review, we categorize cell cycle synchronisation approaches and discuss their operational principles and performance efficiencies. We highlight the advances and technological development trends from conventional methods to the more recent microfluidics-based systems. Furthermore, we discuss the opportunities and challenges for implementing high throughput cell synchronisation and provide future perspectives on synchronisation platforms, specifically hybrid cell synchrony modalities, to allow the highest level of phase-specific synchrony possible with minimal alterations in diverse types of cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Bordhan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Sajad Razavi Bazaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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Li X, Duan J, Qu Z, Wang J, Ji M, Zhang B. Continuous Particle Separation Driven by 3D Ag-PDMS Electrodes with Dielectric Electrophoretic Force Coupled with Inertia Force. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13010117. [PMID: 35056282 PMCID: PMC8780234 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell separation has become @important in biological and medical applications. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is widely used due to the advantages it offers, such as the lack of a requirement for biological markers and the fact that it involves no damage to cells or particles. This study aimed to report a novel approach combining 3D sidewall electrodes and contraction/expansion (CEA) structures to separate three kinds of particles with different sizes or dielectric properties continuously. The separation was achieved through the interaction between electrophoretic forces and inertia forces. The CEA channel was capable of sorting particles with different sizes due to inertial forces, and also enhanced the nonuniformity of the electric field. The 3D electrodes generated a non-uniform electric field at the same height as the channels, which increased the action range of the DEP force. Finite element simulations using the commercial software, COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4, were performed to determine the flow field distributions, electric field distributions, and particle trajectories. The separation experiments were assessed by separating 4 µm polystyrene (PS) particles from 20 µm PS particles at different flow rates by experiencing positive and negative DEP. Subsequently, the sorting performances of the 4 µm PS particles, 20 µm PS particles, and 4 µm silica particles with different solution conductivities were observed. Both the numerical simulations and the practical particle separation displayed high separating efficiency (separation of 4 µm PS particles, 94.2%; separation of 20 µm PS particles, 92.1%; separation of 4 µm Silica particles, 95.3%). The proposed approach is expected to open a new approach to cell sorting and separating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, Micro Nano Technology Research Center, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (Z.Q.); (J.W.); (M.J.)
- Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Junping Duan
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, Micro Nano Technology Research Center, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (Z.Q.); (J.W.); (M.J.)
| | - Zeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, Micro Nano Technology Research Center, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (Z.Q.); (J.W.); (M.J.)
| | - Jiayun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, Micro Nano Technology Research Center, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (Z.Q.); (J.W.); (M.J.)
| | - Miaomiao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, Micro Nano Technology Research Center, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (Z.Q.); (J.W.); (M.J.)
| | - Binzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, Micro Nano Technology Research Center, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (Z.Q.); (J.W.); (M.J.)
- Correspondence:
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Nieuwelink AE, Vollenbroek JC, Tiggelaar RM, Bomer JG, van den Berg A, Odijk M, Weckhuysen BM. High-throughput activity screening and sorting of single catalyst particles with a droplet microreactor using dielectrophoresis. Nat Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-021-00718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Ou Y, Cao S, Zhang J, Dong W, Yang Z, Yu Z. Droplet microfluidics on analysis of pathogenic microbes for wastewater-based epidemiology. Trends Analyt Chem 2021; 143:116333. [PMID: 34720276 PMCID: PMC8547957 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microbes have posed a major health issue for the public, such as the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic. In recent years, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is emerging as an effective and unbiased method for monitoring public health. Despite its increasing importance, the advancement of WBE requires more competent and streamlined analytical platforms. Herein we discuss the interactions between WBE and droplet microfluidics, focusing on the analysis of pathogens in droplets, which is hard to be tackled by traditional analytical tools. We highlight research works from three aspects, namely, quantitation of pathogen biomarkers in droplets, single-cell analysis in droplets, and living cell biosensors in droplets, as well as providing future perspectives on the synergy between WBE and droplet microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangteng Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China.,Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Shixiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Ziyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
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30
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Escobar A, Chiu P, Qu J, Zhang Y, Xu CQ. Integrated Microfluidic-Based Platforms for On-Site Detection and Quantification of Infectious Pathogens: Towards On-Site Medical Translation of SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostic Platforms. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1079. [PMID: 34577722 PMCID: PMC8470930 DOI: 10.3390/mi12091079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The rapid detection and quantification of infectious pathogens is an essential component to the control of potentially lethal outbreaks among human populations worldwide. Several of these highly infectious pathogens, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been cemented in human history as causing epidemics or pandemics due to their lethality and contagiousness. SARS-CoV-2 is an example of these highly infectious pathogens that have recently become one of the leading causes of globally reported deaths, creating one of the worst economic downturns and health crises in the last century. As a result, the necessity for highly accurate and increasingly rapid on-site diagnostic platforms for highly infectious pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2, has grown dramatically over the last two years. Current conventional non-microfluidic diagnostic techniques have limitations in their effectiveness as on-site devices due to their large turnaround times, operational costs and the need for laboratory equipment. In this review, we first present criteria, both novel and previously determined, as a foundation for the development of effective and viable on-site microfluidic diagnostic platforms for several notable pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. This list of criteria includes standards that were set out by the WHO, as well as our own "seven pillars" for effective microfluidic integration. We then evaluate the use of microfluidic integration to improve upon currently, and previously, existing platforms for the detection of infectious pathogens. Finally, we discuss a stage-wise means to translate our findings into a fundamental framework towards the development of more effective on-site SARS-CoV-2 microfluidic-integrated platforms that may facilitate future pandemic diagnostic and research endeavors. Through microfluidic integration, many limitations in currently existing infectious pathogen diagnostic platforms can be eliminated or improved upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Escobar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (A.E.); (J.Q.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Phyllis Chiu
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
| | - Jianxi Qu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (A.E.); (J.Q.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yushan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (A.E.); (J.Q.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chang-qing Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (A.E.); (J.Q.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
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Cai K, Mankar S, Ajiri T, Shirai K, Yotoriyama T. An integrated high-throughput microfluidic circulatory fluorescence-activated cell sorting system (μ-CFACS) for the enrichment of rare cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3112-3127. [PMID: 34286793 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00298h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for the enrichment of rare cells in the clinical environments of precision medicine, personalized medicine, and regenerative medicine. With the possibility of becoming the next-generation cell sorters, microfluidic fluorescence-activated cell sorting (μ-FACS) devices have been developed to avoid cross-contamination, minimize device footprint, and eliminate bio-aerosols. However, due to highly precise flow control, the achievable throughput of the μ-FACS system is generally lower than the throughput of conventional FACS devices. Here, we report a fully integrated high-throughput microfluidic circulatory fluorescence-activated cell sorting (μ-CFACS) system for the enrichment of clinical rare cells. A microfluidic sorting cartridge has been developed for enriching samples through a sequential sorting process, which was further realized by the integration of both fast amplified piezoelectrically actuated on-chip valves and compact pneumatic cylinders actuated on-chip valves. At an equivalent throughput of ∼8000 events per second (eps), the purity of rare fluorescent microparticles has been significantly increased from ∼0.01% to ∼27.97%. An enrichment of ∼9400-fold from 0.009% to 81.86% has also been demonstrated for isolating fluorescently labelled MCF-7 breast cancer cells from Jurkat cells at an equivalent sorting throughput of ∼6400 eps. With the advantages of high throughput and contamination-free design, the proposed integrated μ-CFACS system provides a new option for the enrichment of clinical rare cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Cai
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2271, Japan.
| | - Shruti Mankar
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2271, Japan.
| | - Taiga Ajiri
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2271, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Shirai
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2271, Japan.
| | - Tasuku Yotoriyama
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2271, Japan.
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Cai K, Mankar S, Maslova A, Ajiri T, Yotoriyama T. Amplified piezoelectrically actuated on-chip flow switching for a rapid and stable microfluidic fluorescence activated cell sorter. RSC Adv 2020; 10:40395-40405. [PMID: 35520855 PMCID: PMC9057478 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04919k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
With the potential to avoid cross-contamination, eliminate bio-aerosols, and minimize device footprints, microfluidic fluorescence-activated cell sorting (μ-FACS) devices could become the platform for the next generation cell sorter. Here, we report an on-chip flow switching based μ-FACS mechanism with piezoelectric actuation as a fast and robust sorting solution. A microfluidic chip with bifurcate configuration and displacement amplified piezoelectric microvalves has been developed to build the μ-FACS system. Rare fluorescent microparticles of different sizes have been significantly enriched from a purity of ∼0.5% to more than 90%. An enrichment of 150-fold from ∼0.6% to ∼91% has also been confirmed for fluorescently labeled MCF-7 breast cancer cells from Jurkat cells, while viability after sorting was maintained. Taking advantage of its simple structure, low cost, fast response, and reliable flow regulation, the proposed μ-FACS system delivers a new option that can meet the requirements of sorting performance, target selectivity, device lifetime, and cost-effectiveness of implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Cai
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku Kobe 651-2271 Japan
| | - Shruti Mankar
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku Kobe 651-2271 Japan
| | - Anastasia Maslova
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku Kobe 651-2271 Japan
| | - Taiga Ajiri
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku Kobe 651-2271 Japan
| | - Tasuku Yotoriyama
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku Kobe 651-2271 Japan
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Verma RS, Ramakrishna S. Biomaterials: Biosensors. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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