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Piryatinski YP, Malynovskyi MB, Sevryukova MM, Verbitsky AB, Kapush OA, Rozhin AG, Lutsyk PM. Mixing of Excitons in Nanostructures Based on a Perylene Dye with CdTe Quantum Dots. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:552. [PMID: 36676289 PMCID: PMC9861622 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots of the A2B6 group and organic semiconductors have been widely studied and applied in optoelectronics. This study aims to combine CdTe quantum dots and perylene-based dye molecules into advanced nanostructure system targeting to improve their functional properties. In such systems, new electronic states, a mixture of Wannier-Mott excitons with charge-transfer excitons, have appeared at the interface of CdTe quantum dots and the perylene dye. The nature of such new states has been analyzed by absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy with picosecond time resolution. Furthermore, aggregation of perylene dye on the CdTe has been elucidated, and contribution of Förster resonant energy transfer has been observed between aggregated forms of the dye and CdTe quantum dots in the hybrid CdTe-perylene nanostructures. The studied nanostructures have strongly quenched emission of quantum dots enabling potential application of such systems in dissociative sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri P. Piryatinski
- Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 46 Prospekt Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Markiian B. Malynovskyi
- Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 46 Prospekt Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maryna M. Sevryukova
- Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 46 Prospekt Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anatoli B. Verbitsky
- Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 46 Prospekt Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olga A. Kapush
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductors Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 41 Prospekt Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Aleksey G. Rozhin
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Petro M. Lutsyk
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
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2
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Faidiuk Y, Skivka L, Zelena P, Tereshchenko O, Buluy O, Pergamenshchik VM, Nazarenko V. Anchoring-induced nonmonotonic velocity versus temperature dependence of motile bacteria in a lyotropic nematic liquid crystal. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:054603. [PMID: 34942701 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.054603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The elastic and viscous properties of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals have a very sharp, often exponential temperature dependence. Self-propelled bacteria swimming in this viscoelastic medium induce director deformations which can strongly influence their velocity, and we study the temperature behavior of their motility in the whole range of the nematic phase. We observe experimentally that, with increasing temperature, while the viscosity drops exponentially and the frequency of the flagellum rotation grows linearly, the swimmers' speed first conventionally increases but then, above some crossover temperature, slows down and at the same time bacteria-induced director distortions become visible. It is shown that the physics behind this temperature-driven effect is in a sharp rise in the ability of the bacterium's flagellum to induce director deformations. As temperature increases, the splay and bend elastic constants sharply decrease and the anchoring extrapolation length of the flagellum surface gets shorter and shorter. At the crossover temperature the resulting effective anchoring effect dominates the fast dropping viscosity and the distortion strengthens. As a result, a fraction of the torque the flagellum applies for the propulsion is spent for the elastic degrees of freedom, which results in a bacterium slowdown. To find the director distortions, the flagellum is presented as a collection of anchoring-induced elastic monopoles, and the bacterium velocity is found from the balance of the energy spent for the propulsion and the viscous drag and nematodynamic dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Faidiuk
- ESC Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine.,D.K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NASU, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
| | - L Skivka
- ESC Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
| | - P Zelena
- ESC Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
| | | | - O Buluy
- Institute of Physics, NASU, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | | | - V Nazarenko
- Institute of Physics, NASU, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
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3
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Lavrentovich OD. Design of nematic liquid crystals to control microscale dynamics. LIQUID CRYSTALS REVIEWS 2021; 8:59-129. [PMID: 34956738 PMCID: PMC8698256 DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2021.1919576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of small particles, both living such as swimming bacteria and inanimate, such as colloidal spheres, has fascinated scientists for centuries. If one could learn how to control and streamline their chaotic motion, that would open technological opportunities in the transformation of stored or environmental energy into systematic motion, with applications in micro-robotics, transport of matter, guided morphogenesis. This review presents an approach to command microscale dynamics by replacing an isotropic medium with a liquid crystal. Orientational order and associated properties, such as elasticity, surface anchoring, and bulk anisotropy, enable new dynamic effects, ranging from the appearance and propagation of particle-like solitary waves to self-locomotion of an active droplet. By using photoalignment, the liquid crystal can be patterned into predesigned structures. In the presence of the electric field, these patterns enable the transport of solid and fluid particles through nonlinear electrokinetics rooted in anisotropy of conductivity and permittivity. Director patterns command the dynamics of swimming bacteria, guiding their trajectories, polarity of swimming, and distribution in space. This guidance is of a higher level of complexity than a simple following of the director by rod-like microorganisms. Namely, the director gradients mediate hydrodynamic interactions of bacteria to produce an active force and collective polar modes of swimming. The patterned director could also be engraved in a liquid crystal elastomer. When an elastomer coating is activated by heat or light, these patterns produce a deterministic surface topography. The director gradients define an activation force that shapes the elastomer in a manner similar to the active stresses triggering flows in active nematics. The patterned elastomer substrates could be used to define the orientation of cells in living tissues. The liquid-crystal guidance holds a major promise in achieving the goal of commanding microscale active flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg D Lavrentovich
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Department of Physics, Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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4
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Akpinar E, Topcu G, Reis D, Neto AMF. Effect of the anionic azo dye Sunset Yellow in lyotropic mixtures with uniaxial and biaxial nematic phases. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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5
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Kim HW, Won SH, Kuzmin V, Kim BS, Shin ST. Molecular Ordering Behavior of Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals on a Polyimide Alignment Layer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5778-5786. [PMID: 32388988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coating-type polarizing films with a high dichroic ratio (DR) and polarization efficiency in the visible region were fabricated using a solution of ternary lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs). Optical characteristics of these anisotropic LCLC polarizing films were then determined. DR increased with increasing LCLC concentrations. Molecular ordering of these LCLCs on a rubbed polyimide (PI) layer increased because LCLC molecules' orientation was enhanced by the dielectric anisotropy effect from rubbing the surface of the PI. In addition, this study demonstrated how the interaction between liquid crystal aggregates and the PI surface with different LCLC solutions correlated with LCLC molecular orientations on the PI which is significantly dependent on whether the coating direction of the LCLC solution was parallel or perpendicular to the PI rubbing direction. It was found that the ordering direction at high LCLC concentrations was determined by shearing direction of the LCLC solution coating, whereas the ordering direction at low LCLC concentrations was governed by the dielectric anisotropy effect from the PI rubbing direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Wook Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Won
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Valery Kuzmin
- Light Polymers Inc., 298 Lawrence Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Bo Sung Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
- Light Polymers Inc., 298 Lawrence Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sung Tae Shin
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
- Light Polymers Inc., 298 Lawrence Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Huang N, Tao J, Wei S, Huang W, Wang D. Positional Order in the Columnar Phase of Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals Mediated by Ionic Additives. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:9937-9943. [PMID: 32391481 PMCID: PMC7203950 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Positional order in the lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) is investigated in the supramolecular assembly of benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) derivatives with the glucono-delta-lactone (GdL) acid additive by high-resolution synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering. The formation of positionally ordered hexagonal phase is found to profoundly depend on the concentrations of BTA derivatives, c BTA, and GdL additives, c addtive, giving rise to unusual behavior distinctive from conventional lyotropic liquid crystals (LCs) with covalent bonds and fixed length. The hexagonal phase is observed to coexist with another phase in certain range of c addtive/c BTA. Intriguingly, the lattice spacing R of the hexagonal phase remains almost constant by varying c addtive but changes with c BTA. The above observations are attributed to unique sensitivities of the LCLC properties, such as the contour length and flexibility of individual cylinder assemblies and phase coexistence, to additives in the solutions. Our study reveals the complexity in positional ordering in the LCLCs which not only relates to the underlying principles of hierarchical reversible self-assembly but also attracts fundamental interests in LCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningdong Huang
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiaojiao Tao
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Shenghui Wei
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Weiheng Huang
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Daoliang Wang
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
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7
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Pergamenshchik VM, Multian VV, Gayvoronsky VY, Uzunova VA, Kredentser SV, Nazarenko VG. Interaction of supramolecular aggregates and the enhanced optical torque on the director in a dye doped nematic liquid crystal. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:8886-8895. [PMID: 31617556 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01705d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There has been strong experimental evidence that molecules of some dyes in an anisotropic solvent, nematic liquid crystal, form aggregates. We present a detailed experimental analysis of the light-induced director reorientation (DR) in a dye-doped nematic liquid crystal (known as the Jánossy effect) and a theoretical model of its strong enhancement based on the aggregates' interaction. The DR transition is found to be very different from the Frederiks effect. If the light polarization is normal to the director, the transition is jump-like first order. Moreover, light polarization along the director also induces a DR which is a smooth second order transition with a very low threshold intensity. The theoretical model which explains these effects is based on the idea that dye molecules form rodlike supramolecular aggregates. The aggregates interact via the director distortions and their effective diameter gets certain field-dependence. As a result, the related entropy depletion depends on the light intensity and polarization and can be decreased by a certain DR along with the aggregate subsystem. This entropy gain is proportional to the square of light intensity which is a two-photon effect: the first resonance photon excites the dye molecule and the second photon polarizes the aggregate. This is in line with the experimental dependence of the critical intensity on the sample thickness. A special experiment shows that the effect is not connected with a possible heat-induced isotropic phase and hydrodynamic motion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V V Multian
- Institute of Physics, Prospect Nauki 46, Kiev 03039, Ukraine.
| | | | - V A Uzunova
- Institute of Physics, Prospect Nauki 46, Kiev 03039, Ukraine.
| | - S V Kredentser
- Institute of Physics, Prospect Nauki 46, Kiev 03039, Ukraine.
| | - V G Nazarenko
- Institute of Physics, Prospect Nauki 46, Kiev 03039, Ukraine.
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8
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Wensink HH. Polymeric Nematics of Associating Rods: Phase Behavior, Chiral Propagation, and Elasticity. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henricus H. Wensink
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides—UMR 8502, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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9
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Katz JR, Day IJ. Using Small-Molecule Probes to Investigate Aggregation of Sunset Yellow FCF: What are the Concentration Limits? J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8987-8994. [PMID: 31560194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b07997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of small molecules into larger structures, often driven by noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, aromatic stacking interactions, and burial of hydrophobic surface, is of widespread interest. The interaction of small molecules with aggregates also has a large range of applications from fluorescence aggregation assays to gas storage in framework materials. Here, we utilize nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate the interaction of a small-molecule probe on the assembly state of sunset yellow across a wide range of relative concentrations. Information from both macroscopic (diffusion) and microscopic (chemical shifts) measurements allows the interaction to be studied and the binding mode to be interrogated. Using fluorophenol as the small-molecule probe, we show that the aggregation behavior of sunset yellow is broadly unaffected by the relative amount of fluorophenol added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Katz
- School of Life Sciences , University of Sussex , Falmer , Brighton BN1 9QJ , U.K
| | - Iain J Day
- School of Life Sciences , University of Sussex , Falmer , Brighton BN1 9QJ , U.K
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10
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Abstract
AbstractAs a preparation method for organic–inorganic or mesoporous inorganic materials via sol–gel condensation of a metal alkoxide, the combination of lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) and sol–gel chemistry is a versatile tool to fabricate various nanostructures. Despite previous investigations into such systems, no attempt has been made to utilize the dynamic switching functions of such nanostructures via the phase transition of LLCs in films. A polysiloxane containing an amine-hydrochloride group and a vinyl group was recently synthesized. By controlling the relative humidity, we achieved the phase transition of LLCs and on-demand UV-curing of LLC phases in the polysiloxane film. We further developed vertically oriented organic–inorganic nanochannels by using π−π interactions between discotic molecules and the substrate surface or the spontaneous vertical alignment of LLC containing azobenzene units.
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11
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Matus Rivas OM, Rey AD. Effects of Sodium and Magnesium Cations on the Aggregation of Chromonic Solutions Using Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:1718-1732. [PMID: 30672292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) constitute a unique variety of water-soluble mesogens that spontaneously assemble into elongated aggregates, thereby resulting in the formation of liquid crystal phases depending on the temperature and concentration. The influence of ionic additives on the aggregation of LCLC has been extensively studied, but the molecular mechanisms governing these effects remain unclear. In this investigation, we perform atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of dilute sunset yellow (SSY) LCLC solutions doped with NaCl and MgCl2 salts. Structural and dynamical properties of SSY hydration shells are considerably modified by the partial substitution of their H bonds with sodium/magnesium-sulfonate ion pairs. Although the intermolecular distance of ∼3.4 Å between SSY mesogens is preserved regardless of the ionic content, the growing number of ion pairs favors the reduction of the electrostatic repulsion between mesogens, increasing the length of SSY stacks. Moreover, magnesium cations exert the strongest electrostatic effects due to their higher hydration capabilities and acute electrostatic binding to SSY. For these reasons, experimental observations of dilute SSY solutions doped with Mg2+ exhibit higher nematic-to-isotropic transition temperatures than Na+. This work provides a fundamental understanding of the influence of ionic additives on the self-assembly of diluted LCLC solutions derived from the synergistic molecular mechanisms between mesogens, the solvent, and cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M Matus Rivas
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A OC5 , Canada
| | - Alejandro D Rey
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A OC5 , Canada
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12
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Javadi A, Eun J, Jeong J. Cylindrical nematic liquid crystal shell: effect of saddle-splay elasticity. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:9005-9011. [PMID: 30376031 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01829d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces cylindrical nematic liquid crystal (LC) shells. Shells as confinement can provide soft matter with intriguing topology and geometry. Indeed, in spherical shells of LCs, rich defect structures have been reported. Avoiding the inherent Plateau-Rayleigh instability of cylindrical liquid-liquid interfaces, we realize the cylindrical nematic LC shell by two different methods: the phase separation in the nematic-isotropic coexistence phase and a cylindrical cavity with a glass rod suspended in the middle. Specifically, the director configurations of lyotropic chromonic LCs (LCLCs) in the cylindrical shell and their energetics are investigated theoretically and experimentally. Unusual elastic properties of LCLCs, i.e., a large saddle-splay modulus, and a shell geometry with both concave and convex curvatures, result in a double-twist director configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Javadi
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Hata Y, Sawada T, Serizawa T. Macromolecular crowding for materials-directed controlled self-assembly. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:6344-6359. [PMID: 32254643 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02201a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular crowding refers to intracellular environments where various macromolecules, including proteins and nucleic acids, are present at high total concentrations. Its influence on biological processes has been investigated using a highly concentrated in vitro solution of water-soluble polymers as a model. Studies have revealed significant effects of macromolecular crowding on the thermodynamic equilibria and dynamics of biomolecular self-assembly in vivo. Recently, macromolecular crowding has attracted materials scientists, especially those in bio-related areas, as a tool to control molecular/colloidal self-assembly. Macromolecular crowding has been exploited to control the structure of supramolecular materials, assemble nanomaterials, and improve the performance of polymeric materials. Furthermore, nanostructured materials have been shown to be an interesting alternative to water-soluble polymers for creating crowded environments for controlled self-assembly. In this review article, we summarize recent progress in research on macromolecular crowding for controlled self-assembly in bio-related materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Hata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H121 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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14
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Gao Q, Zou C, Lu W. Lyotropic Chromonic Mesophases Derived from Metal-Organic Complexes. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:3092-3105. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Gao
- Department of Chemistry; South University of Science and Technology of China; Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Chao Zou
- Department of Chemistry; South University of Science and Technology of China; Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Chemistry; South University of Science and Technology of China; Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
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15
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HARA M. On-Demand Control of Phase Transition and Orientation of Organic-Inorganic Complex Lyotropic Liquid Crystals. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2018. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2018-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo HARA
- Department of Molecular & Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University
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16
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Berart SD, Tortora L, Finotello D, Zupancic B, Zalar B, Green L, Lavrentovich OD. Order parameters and time evolution of mesophases in the lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal Sunset Yellow FCF by DNMR. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:7277-7286. [PMID: 30140799 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01221k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Uniaxial order parameters of the nematic and columnar mesophases in the lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal Sunset Yellow FCF have been determined from deuteron nuclear magnetic resonance, where random confinement of the system by the dispersion of aerosil nanoparticles has been performed to help obtain the angular dependent spectra. The long-time evolution study of the order parameters shows that the system requires tens of hours to stabilize after a deep change in temperature, in contrast with the very fast assembly process of the aggregates. Finally, the degree of order of the water molecules, forced by the uniaxial environment, has been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Diez Berart
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Romani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alberta Ferrarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristiano De Michele
- Dipartimento di Fisica, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
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18
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Shirai T, Shuai M, Nakamura K, Yamaguchi A, Naka Y, Sasaki T, Clark NA, Le KV. Chiral lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals composed of disodium cromoglycate doped with water-soluble chiral additives. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:1511-1516. [PMID: 29442119 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02262j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the pitches of cholesteric liquid crystals prepared by mixing disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) in water with 5 different water-soluble chiral additives. The measurements are based on the Grandjean-Cano wedge cell method. Overall, the twisting effect is weak, and the shortest pitch of 2.9 ± 0.2 μm is obtained using trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline, by which the cholesteric sample is iridescent at certain viewing angles. Freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy (FFTEM) was also performed for the first time on both the nematic and cholesteric phases, revealing that stacked chromonic aggregates are very long, up to a few hundred nm, which explains why cholesteric chromonic liquid crystals hardly have pitches in the visible wavelength region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Shirai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
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19
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Berride F, Troche-Pesqueira E, Feio G, Cabrita EJ, Sierra T, Navarro-Vázquez A, Cid MM. Chiral amplification of disodium cromoglycate chromonics induced by a codeine derivative. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:6810-6815. [PMID: 28819662 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01227f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Chromonic liquid crystals (CLC) are lyotropic phases formed by discotic mesogens in water. Simple chiral dopants such as amino acids have been reported to turn chromonic liquid crystals into their cholesteric counterparts. Here we report a chirality amplification effect in the nematic phase of a 9 wt% disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) upon doping with a water-soluble codeine derivative. The transition on cooling the isotropic to the nematic phase showed the presence of homochiral spindle-shaped droplets (tactoids). NMR DOSY experiments on a triple gradient probe revealed a small degree of diffusion anisotropy for the alkaloid embedded in the liquid crystal structure. These results in combination with XRD, CD and POM experiments agree with a supramolecular aggregation model based on simple columnar stacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Berride
- Departamento de Quıímica Orgánica, Edificio de Ciencias Experimentais, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain.
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20
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Sidky H, Whitmer JK. The Emergent Nematic Phase in Ionic Chromonic Liquid Crystals. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:6691-6698. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b03113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hythem Sidky
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jonathan K. Whitmer
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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21
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Walker M, Wilson MR. Formation of complex self-assembled aggregates in non-ionic chromonics: dimer and trimer columns, layer structures and spontaneous chirality. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:8588-8594. [PMID: 27722663 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01669c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations are used to model the aqueous self-assembly of three variants of the non-ionic triphenylene-based chromonic mesogen, TP6EO2M. In the variants studied, one to three of the six methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) chains of TP6EO2M are replaced by short hydrophobic-lipophobic chains, causing a remarkable change in the structure of the mesophases formed. In the 100 wt% limit, corresponding to pure thermotropic phases, complex columnar phases arise, in which the underlying hexagonal packing is supplemented by additional order resulting from microphase separation of hydrophobic-lipophobic regions. With addition of water an array of novel chromonic phases are seen. In these phases supramolecular aggregates form in which hydrophobic-lipophobic chains are excluded from water by the joining together of single molecule chromonic stacks into dimers or trimers. These aggregates form chromonic N and M phases and, in the case of a "Janus mesogen" (with three hydrophobic-lipophobic chains on one side of the molecule), form a novel smectic chromonic phase. Spontaneous symmetry breaking is seen in columns composed of trimer stacks with defects. Here achiral molecular aggregates develop a spontaneous twist, inducing the formation of either left-handed or right-handed chiral aggregates. On the long time-scales accessible to DPD simulations, chiral aggregates are seen to be dynamic structures in which chirality inversion can take place over long periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Walker
- Durham University, Department of Chemistry, Lower Mountjoy, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Mark R Wilson
- Durham University, Department of Chemistry, Lower Mountjoy, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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22
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Lee KM, Ware TH, Tondiglia VP, McBride MK, Zhang X, Bowman CN, White TJ. Initiatorless Photopolymerization of Liquid Crystal Monomers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:28040-28046. [PMID: 27636826 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystal monomers are widely employed in industry to prepare optical compensating films as well as extend or enhance the properties of certain display modes. Because of the thermotropic nature of liquid crystalline materials, polymerization of liquid crystalline monomers (sometimes referred to as reactive mesogens) is often initiated by radical photoinitiation (photopolymerization) of (meth)acrylate functional groups. Here, we report on the initiatorless photopolymerization of commercially available liquid crystalline monomers upon exposure to 365 nm UV light. Initiatorless polymerization is employed to prepare thin films as well as polymer stabilizing networks in mixtures with low-molar-mass liquid crystals. EPR and FTIR confirm radical generation upon exposure to 365 nm light and conversion of the acrylate functional groups. A potential mechanism is proposed, informed by control experiments that indicate that the monomers undergo a type II Norrish mechanism. The initiatorless polymerization of the liquid crystalline monomers yield liquid crystalline polymer networks with mechanical properties that can be equal to those prepared with conventional radical photoinitiators. We demonstrate that initiatorless polymerization of display modes significantly increases the voltage holding ratio, which could result in a reduction in drive voltages in flat-panel televisions and hand-held devices, extending battery life and reducing power consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Min Lee
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
- Azimuth Corporation, 4027 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Beavercreek, Ohio 45431, United States
| | - Taylor H Ware
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
- Azimuth Corporation, 4027 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Beavercreek, Ohio 45431, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Vincent P Tondiglia
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
- Azimuth Corporation, 4027 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Beavercreek, Ohio 45431, United States
| | - Matthew K McBride
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Xinpeng Zhang
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Timothy J White
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
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23
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Drori R, Li C, Hu C, Raiteri P, Rohl AL, Ward MD, Kahr B. A Supramolecular Ice Growth Inhibitor. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13396-13401. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Drori
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Chao Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Chunhua Hu
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Paolo Raiteri
- Curtin
Institute for Computation and Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Andrew L. Rohl
- Curtin
Institute for Computation and Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
- Department
of Advanced Science and Engineering (TWIns), Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Gupta R, Mohanty S. Nanoparticle formulation having ability to control the release of protein for drug delivery application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 70:327-333. [PMID: 27770899 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Controlled release of therapeutic protein is desirable for protein delivery applications. This study discuss about a unique nanomaterial which is capable to provide the protein release in controlled manner. The nanomaterial has been synthesized from folic acid molecules and bovine serum albumin (BSA1) is loaded in these nanoparticles as a model protein. The size distribution of the synthesized folic acid nanoparticles was observed between 200 and 300nm. The release study using high performance liquid chromatography suggests that more than 90% of BSA can be encapsulated in the nanoparticles having BSA loaded up to 19.29mg (57% of folic acid loaded). Release study also reveals that more than 95% of the total folic acid and BSA were released in phosphate buffer saline solution within 48h. Investigation of folic acid release along with BSA release reveals that the particles are formed through folic acid-protein complex. Salt concentration in the release medium and crosslinked cations in the nanoparticles are found to be the key parameters to control the release rate. Thus, folic acid nanoparticles are efficient carrier for protein encapsulation and release in the controlled manner with minimum drug loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Sanat Mohanty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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25
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Fong WK, Negrini R, Vallooran JJ, Mezzenga R, Boyd BJ. Responsive self-assembled nanostructured lipid systems for drug delivery and diagnostics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 484:320-339. [PMID: 27623190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
While stimuli-responsive polymers have received a huge amount of attention in the literature, responsive lipid-based mesophase systems offer unique opportunities in biomedical applications such as drug delivery and biosensing. The different mesophase equilibrium structures enables dynamic switching between nanostructures to facilitate drug release or as a transducer for recognition events. In drug delivery, this behavior offers researchers the means to deliver a therapeutic payload at a specific rate and time i.e. 'on-demand'. This review summarizes the distinctive features of these multifaceted materials and aggregates the current state of the art research from our groups and others into the use of these materials as bulk gels and nanostructured dispersions for drug delivery, biosensing and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wye-Khay Fong
- Food and Soft Materials Science, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Renata Negrini
- Food and Soft Materials Science, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jijo J Vallooran
- Food and Soft Materials Science, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Food and Soft Materials Science, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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26
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Gratale MD, Still T, Matyas C, Davidson ZS, Lobel S, Collings PJ, Yodh AG. Tunable depletion potentials driven by shape variation of surfactant micelles. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:050601. [PMID: 27300818 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.050601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Depletion interaction potentials between micron-sized colloidal particles are induced by nanometer-scale surfactant micelles composed of hexaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C_{12}E_{6}), and they are measured by video microscopy. The strength and range of the depletion interaction is revealed to arise from variations in shape anisotropy of the surfactant micelles. This shape anisotropy increases with increasing sample temperature. By fitting the colloidal interaction potentials to theoretical models, we extract micelle length and shape anisotropy as a function of temperature. This work introduces shape anisotropy tuning as a means to control interparticle interactions in colloidal suspensions, and it shows how the interparticle depletion potentials of micron-scale objects can be employed to probe the shape and size of surrounding macromolecules at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Gratale
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Tim Still
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Caitlin Matyas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- The Arts Academy at Benjamin Rush, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19154, USA
| | - Zoey S Davidson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Samuel Lobel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Peter J Collings
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081, USA
| | - A G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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27
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Wu X, Wang D, Chen M, Wei C, Wei S, Huang N, Li L, Zhang G. Robust Ordered Bundles of Porous Helical Nanotubes Assembled from Fully Rigid Ionic Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides. Chemistry 2015; 21:15388-94. [PMID: 26332607 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Size-controlled and ordered assemblies of artificial nanotubes are promising for practical applications; however, the supramolecular assembly of such systems remains challenging. A novel strategy is proposed that can be used to reinforce intermolecular noncovalent interactions to construct hierarchical supramolecular structures with fixed sizes and long-range ordering by introducing ionic terminals and fully rigid arms into benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) molecules. A series of similar BTA molecules with distinct terminal groups and arm lengths are synthesized; all form hexagonal bundles of helical rosette nanotubes spontaneously in water. Despite differences in molecular packing, the dimensions and bundling of the supramolecular nanotubes show almost identical concentration dependence for all molecules. The similarities of the hierarchical assemblies, which tolerate certain molecular irregularities, can extend to properties such as the void ratio of the nanotubular wall. This is a rational strategy that can be used to achieve supramolecular nanotubes in aqueous environments with precise size and ordering at the same time as allowing molecular modifications for functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibo Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, No 96, JinZhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 20026 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 551-5141078
| | - Daoliang Wang
- Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research and Tsinghua University (P.R. China)
| | - Mingming Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, No 96, JinZhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 20026 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 551-5141078
| | - Chengsha Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (P.R. China)
| | - Shenghui Wei
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, No 96, JinZhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 20026 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 551-5141078
| | - Ningdong Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, No 96, JinZhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 20026 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 551-5141078.
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, No 96, JinZhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 20026 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 551-5141078. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (P.R. China).
| | - Guobing Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, No 96, JinZhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 20026 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 551-5141078
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28
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Spontaneous emergence of chirality in achiral lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals confined to cylinders. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8067. [PMID: 26287517 PMCID: PMC4560794 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The presumed ground state of a nematic fluid confined in a cylindrical geometry with planar anchoring corresponds to that of an axial configuration, wherein the director, free of deformations, is along the long axis of the cylinder. However, upon confinement of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals in cylindrical geometries, here we uncover a surprising ground state corresponding to a doubly twisted director configuration. The stability of this ground state, which involves significant director deformations, can be rationalized by the saddle-splay contribution to the free energy. We show that sufficient anisotropy in the elastic constants drives the transition from a deformation-free ground state to a doubly twisted structure, and results in spontaneous symmetry breaking with equal probability for either handedness. Enabled by the twist angle measurements of the spontaneous twist, we determine the saddle-splay elastic constant for chromonic liquid crystals for the first time. Chirality in molecular materials is commonly used to manipulate the polarization of light. Here, Nayani et al. observe the formation of doubly twisted structure in achiral chromonic liquid crystals when confined to a cylindrical capillary, which leads to spontaneous chiral breaking.
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29
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Briffitt R, Day IJ. Influence of structural isomerism and fluorine atom substitution on the self-association of naphthoic acid. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:6703-10. [PMID: 25973655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b02381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The self-association of small aromatic systems driven by π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions is well-known. Understanding the nature of these interactions is important if they are to be used to control association. Here, we present results of an NMR study into the self-association of two isomers of naphthoic acid along with an investigation into the role of a fluorine substituent on that self-association. We interpret the results in terms of a simple isodesmic model of self-association and show that the addition of the fluorine atom appears to increase the stability of the aggregates by an order of magnitude (e.g., 1-naphthoic acid vs 4-fluoro-1-naphthoic acid, Keq = 0.05 increases to 0.35 M(-1)), a result which is supported by computational studies in the literature on the role of substituent effects on interaction energy. The use of fluorinated isomers to probe the assembly is also presented, with differing trends in fluorine-19 chemical shifts observed depending on the isomer substitution pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseanne Briffitt
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Iain J Day
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
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30
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Akinshina A, Walker M, Wilson MR, Tiddy GJT, Masters AJ, Carbone P. Thermodynamics of the self-assembly of non-ionic chromonic molecules using atomistic simulations. The case of TP6EO2M in aqueous solution. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:680-691. [PMID: 25471658 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02275k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Atomistic molecular dynamic simulations have been performed for the non-ionic chromonic liquid crystal 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexa-(1,4,7-trioxa-octyl)-triphenylene (TP6EO2M) in aqueous solution. TP6EO2M molecules consist of a central poly-aromatic core (a triphenylene ring) functionalized by six hydrophilic ethyleneoxy (EO) chains, and have a strong tendency to aggregate face-to-face into stacks even in very dilute solution. We have studied self-assembly of the molecules in the low concentration range corresponding to an isotropic solution of aggregates, using two force fields GAFF and OPLS. Our results reveal that the GAFF force field, even though it was successfully used previously for modelling of ionic chromonics, overestimates the attraction of TP6EO2M molecules in water. This results in an aggregation free energy which is too high, a reduced hydration of EO chains and, therefore, molecular self-assembly into compact disordered clusters instead of stacks. In contrast, use of the OPLS force field, leads to self-assembly into ordered stacks in agreement with earlier experimental studies of triphenylene-based chromonics. The free energy of association follows a "quasi-isodesmic" pattern, where the binding free energy of two molecules to form a dimer is of the order of 2.5 RT larger than the corresponding energy of addition of a molecule into a stack. The obtained value for the binding free energy, ΔG=-12 RT, is found to be in line with the published values for typical ionic chromonics (-7 to -12 RT), and agrees reasonably well with the experimental results for this system. The calculated interlayer distance between the molecules in a stack is 0.37 nm, which is at the top of the range found for typical chromonics (0.33-0.37 nm). We suggest that the relatively large layer spacing can be attributed to the repulsion between EO side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Akinshina
- School of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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31
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Van Hecke GR, Karukstis KK, Rayermann S. Deriving binary phase diagrams for chromonic materials in water mixtures via fluorescence spectroscopy: cromolyn and water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:1047-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03539a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report here the first example of a new and novel method of determining the binary temperature–composition phase diagram of a chromonic material in water using its intrinsic fluorescence.
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32
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Controlled release of folic acid through liquid-crystalline folate nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 44:352-61. [PMID: 25280715 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study explores folate nanoparticles as nano-carriers for controlled drug delivery. Cross-linked nanoparticles of liquid crystalline folates are composed of ordered stacks. This paper shows that the folate nanoparticles can be made with less than 5% loss in folate ions. In addition, this study shows that folate nanoparticles can disintegrate in a controlled fashion resulting in controlled release of the folate ions. Release can be controlled by the size of nanoparticles, the extent of cross-linking and the choice of cross-linking cation. The effect of different factors like agitation, pH, and temperature on folate release was also studied. Studies were also carried out to show the effect of release medium and role of ions in the release medium on disruption of folate assembly.
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33
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Katz JR, Day IJ. Investigating the interaction of sunset yellow aggregates and 6-fluoro-2-naphthoic acid: increasing probe molecule complexity. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2014; 52:435-439. [PMID: 24861207 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of small molecules with non-covalent assemblies is of wide interest. The use of a magnetically active reporter nucleus allows information to be obtained in the presence of spectral overlap or in cases of high dynamic range. In this paper, we explore the interaction of a larger probe molecule, 6-fluoro-2-naphthoic acid with assemblies of sunset yellow using (19)F chemical shifts and diffusion NMR methods. Comparing the observations with previous studies using fluorophenols, 6-fluoro-2-naphthoic acid prefers to associate as clusters at the ends of the sunset yellow stacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Katz
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK
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34
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Troche-Pesqueira E, Cid MM, Navarro-Vázquez A. Disodium cromoglycate: exploiting its properties as a NMR weak-aligning medium for small organic molecules. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1957-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42338g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Disodium cromoglycate (cromolyn) is an easy-to-prepare water-compatible NMR weak aligning medium for small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María-Magdalena Cid
- Departamento de Quıímica Orgánica
- Edificio de Ciencias Experimentais
- Vigo, 36310 Spain
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35
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Walker M, Masters AJ, Wilson MR. Self-assembly and mesophase formation in a non-ionic chromonic liquid crystal system: insights from dissipative particle dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:23074-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03092c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Results are presented from a dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation of a model non-ionic chromonic system, TP6EO2M, composed of a poly(ethylene glycol) functionalised aromatic (triphenylene) core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Walker
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University Science Laboratories
- Durham, UK
| | - Andrew J. Masters
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science
- University of Manchester
- Manchester, UK
| | - Mark R. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University Science Laboratories
- Durham, UK
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36
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37
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Yang S, Wang B, Cui D, Kerwood D, Wilkens S, Han J, Luk YY. Stereochemical Control of Nonamphiphilic Lyotropic Liquid Crystals: Chiral Nematic Phase of Assemblies Separated by Six Nanometers of Aqueous Solvents. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:7133-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401382h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United
States
| | - Bing Wang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
02139, United States
| | - Dawei Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United
States
| | - Deborah Kerwood
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United
States
| | - Stephan Wilkens
- Department
of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York 13210, United
States
| | - Junjie Han
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United
States
| | - Yan-Yeung Luk
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United
States
- Department of Biomedical
and
Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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38
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Wang D, Huang Y, Li J, Xu L, Chen M, Tao J, Li L. Lyotropic Supramolecular Helical Columnar Phases Formed byC3-Symmetric and Unsymmetric Rigid Molecules. Chemistry 2012; 19:685-90. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Kim YJ, Kim DY, Lee JH, Nah C, Lee JH, Lee MH, Kim HY, Kuo SW, Shin S, Jeong KU. A macroscopically oriented lyotropic chromonic liquid crystalline nanofiber mat embedding self-assembled Sunset-Yellow FCF nanocolumns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31092a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Molecular interaction of oxazine dyes in aqueous solution: Temperature dependent molecular disposition of the aggregates. J Mol Liq 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2011.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pomerantz WC, Yuwono VM, Drake R, Hartgerink JD, Abbott NL, Gellman SH. Lyotropic Liquid Crystals Formed from ACHC-Rich β-Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13604-13. [DOI: 10.1021/ja204874h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William C. Pomerantz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Virany M. Yuwono
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ryan Drake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Hartgerink
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Nicholas L. Abbott
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Park HS, Kang SW, Tortora L, Kumar S, Lavrentovich OD. Condensation of self-assembled lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal sunset yellow in aqueous solutions crowded with polyethylene glycol and doped with salt. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:4164-4175. [PMID: 21391644 DOI: 10.1021/la200505y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We use optical and fluorescence microscopy, densitometry, cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), spectroscopy, and synchrotron X-ray scattering to study the phase behavior of the reversible self-assembled chromonic aggregates of an anionic dye Sunset Yellow (SSY) in aqueous solutions crowded with an electrically neutral polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) and doped with the salt NaCl. PEG causes the isotropic SSY solutions to condense into a liquid-crystalline region with a high concentration of SSY aggregates, coexisting with a PEG-rich isotropic (I) region. PEG added to the homogeneous nematic (N) phase causes separation into the coexisting N and I domains; the SSY concentration in the N domains is higher than the original concentration of PEG-free N phase. Finally, addition of PEG to the highly concentrated homogeneous N phase causes separation into the coexisting columnar hexagonal (C) phase and I phase. This behavior can be qualitatively explained by the depletion (excluded volume) effects that act at two different levels: at the level of aggregate assembly from monomers and short aggregates and at the level of interaggregate packing. We also show a strong effect of a monovalent salt NaCl on phase diagrams that is different for high and low concentrations of SSY. Upon the addition of salt, dilute I solutions of SSY show appearance of the condensed N domains, but the highly concentrated C phase transforms into a coexisting I and N domains. We suggest that the salt-induced screening of electric charges at the surface of chromonic aggregates leads to two different effects: (a) increase of the scission energy and the contour length of aggregates and (b) decrease of the persistence length of SSY aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heung-Shik Park
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
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Rodríguez-Abreu C, Torres CA, Tiddy GJT. Chromonic liquid crystalline phases of pinacyanol acetate: characterization and use as templates for the preparation of mesoporous silica nanofibers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:3067-3073. [PMID: 21314171 DOI: 10.1021/la1048024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report on the self-aggregation of the cationic dye pinacyanol acetate and its use for the preparation of nanostructured silica via templated sol-gel reaction. The dye forms nematic and hexagonal chromonic liquid crystals at low concentrations in water (i.e., from 0.75 wt %); the type of counterion appears to play an important role in liquid crystal formation. From analysis of small X-ray scattering (SAXS) curves, it is inferred that dye aggregates have the morphology of hollow long tubes with one-molecule-thick walls; the diameter of the tubes does not to change much with concentration. The dye aggregates can be aligned by shear or by a magnetic field. The high-resolution (1)H NMR spectra show that aggregation takes place over a range of concentrations rather than having a sharp "critical" aggregation. Within the aggregates the conjugated moiety, including the three-carbon link, is in close proximity to the aromatic groups of stack neighbors. On the other hand, dye aggregates direct the formation of silica nanofibers synthesized via sol-gel reaction, mimicking the elongated structures found in aqueous media. The nanofibers show a hierarchical organization; i.e., they contain hexagonal arrays of 3 nm cylindrical mesopores left after calcination of the templating molecules, and the pore walls are 2.7 nm thick. As the nanofibers form entangled networks, the obtained materials also show interparticle porosity. The present findings open new possibilities for the use of commercial cationic dyes in the synthesis of nanostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rodríguez-Abreu
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Chiral symmetry breaking by spatial confinement in tactoidal droplets of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:5163-8. [PMID: 21402929 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1100087108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In many colloidal systems, an orientationally ordered nematic (N) phase emerges from the isotropic (I) melt in the form of spindle-like birefringent tactoids. In cases studied so far, the tactoids always reveal a mirror-symmetric nonchiral structure, sometimes even when the building units are chiral. We report on chiral symmetry breaking in the nematic tactoids formed in molecularly nonchiral polymer-crowded aqueous solutions of low-molecular weight disodium cromoglycate. The parity is broken by twisted packing of self-assembled molecular aggregates within the tactoids as manifested by the observed optical activity. Fluorescent confocal microscopy reveals that the chiral N tactoids are located at the boundaries of cells. We explain the chirality induction as a replacement of energetically costly splay packing of the aggregates within the curved bipolar tactoidal shape with twisted packing. The effect represents a simple pathway of macroscopic chirality induction in an organic system with no molecular chirality, as the only requirements are orientational order and curved shape of confinement.
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Bae YJ, Yang HJ, Shin SH, Jeong KU, Lee MH. A novel thin film polarizer from photocurable non-aqueous lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm03882b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chen Y, Li K, Lloyd HO, Lu W, Chui SSY, Che CM. Tetrakis(arylisocyanide) Rhodium(I) Salts in Water: NIR Luminescent and Conductive Supramolecular Polymeric Nanowires with Hierarchical Organization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:9968-71. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Chen Y, Li K, Lloyd HO, Lu W, Chui SSY, Che CM. Tetrakis(arylisocyanide) Rhodium(I) Salts in Water: NIR Luminescent and Conductive Supramolecular Polymeric Nanowires with Hierarchical Organization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201005223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Naidu JJ, Shin SH, Jeong KU, Lee MH. Optically Active Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystal Based on Green Perylene Bisimide. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.9.2705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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