1
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Williams AP, King JP, Sokolova A, Tabor RF. Small-angle scattering of complex fluids in flow. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 328:103161. [PMID: 38728771 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Complex fluids encompass a significant proportion of the materials that we use today from feedstocks such as cellulose fibre dispersions, materials undergoing processing or formulation, through to consumer end products such as shampoo. Such systems exhibit intricate behaviour due to their composition and microstructure, particularly when analysing their texture and response to flow (rheology). In particular, these fluids when flowing may undergo transitions in their nano- to microstructure, potentially aligning with flow fields, breaking and reassembling or reforming, or entirely changing phase. This manifests as macroscopic changes in material properties, such as core-annular flow of concentrated emulsions in pipelines or the favourable texture of liquid soaps. Small-angle scattering provides a unique method for probing underlying changes in fluid nano- to microstructure, from a few angströms to several microns, of complex fluids under flow. In particular, the alignment of rigid components or shape changes of soft components can be explored, along with local inter-particle ordering and global alignment with macroscopic flow fields. This review highlights recent important developments in the study of such complex fluid systems that couple flow or shear conditions with small-angle scattering measurements, and highlights the physical insight obtained by these experiments. Recent results from neutron scattering measurements made using a simple flow cell are presented, offering a facile method to explore alignment of complex fluids in an easily accessible geometry, and contextualised within existing and potential future research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley P Williams
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Joshua P King
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anna Sokolova
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Rico F Tabor
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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2
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Caselli L, Conti L, De Santis I, Berti D. Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering applied to lipid-based nanoparticles: Recent advancements across different length scales. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 327:103156. [PMID: 38643519 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs), ranging from nanovesicles to non-lamellar assemblies, have gained significant attention in recent years, as versatile carriers for delivering drugs, vaccines, and nutrients. Small-angle scattering methods, employing X-rays (SAXS) or neutrons (SANS), represent unique tools to unveil structure, dynamics, and interactions of such particles on different length scales, spanning from the nano to the molecular scale. This review explores the state-of-the-art on scattering methods applied to unveil the structure of lipid-based nanoparticles and their interactions with drugs and bioactive molecules, to inform their rational design and formulation for medical applications. We will focus on complementary information accessible with X-rays or neutrons, ranging from insights on the structure and colloidal processes at a nanoscale level (SAXS) to details on the lipid organization and molecular interactions of LNPs (SANS). In addition, we will review new opportunities offered by Time-resolved (TR)-SAXS and -SANS for the investigation of dynamic processes involving LNPs. These span from real-time monitoring of LNPs structural evolution in response to endogenous or external stimuli (TR-SANS), to the investigation of the kinetics of lipid diffusion and exchange upon interaction with biomolecules (TR-SANS). Finally, we will spotlight novel combinations of SAXS and SANS with complementary on-line techniques, recently enabled at Large Scale Facilities for X-rays and neutrons. This emerging technology enables synchronized multi-method investigation, offering exciting opportunities for the simultaneous characterization of the structure and chemical or mechanical properties of LNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Caselli
- Physical Chemistry 1, University of Lund, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Laura Conti
- Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Ilaria De Santis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Debora Berti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy; Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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3
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Le Brun AP, Gilbert EP. Advances in sample environments for neutron scattering for colloid and interface science. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 327:103141. [PMID: 38631095 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
This review describes recent advances in sample environments across the full complement of applicable neutron scattering techniques to colloid and interface science. Temperature, pressure, flow, tensile testing, ultrasound, chemical reactions, IR/visible/UV light, confinement, humidity and electric and magnetic field application, as well as tandem X-ray methods, are all addressed. Consideration for material choices in sample environments and data acquisition methods are also covered as well as discussion of current and potential future use of machine learning and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton P Le Brun
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Elliot Paul Gilbert
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia.
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4
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Akepati SV, Gupta N, Jayaraman A. Computational Reverse Engineering Analysis of the Scattering Experiment Method for Interpretation of 2D Small-Angle Scattering Profiles (CREASE-2D). JACS AU 2024; 4:1570-1582. [PMID: 38665659 PMCID: PMC11040659 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Small-angle scattering (SAS) is a widely used characterization technique that provides structural information in soft materials at varying length scales (nanometers to microns). The output of an SAS measurement is the scattered intensity I(q) as a function of q, the scattered wavevector with respect to the incident wave; the latter is represented by its magnitude |q| ≡ q (in inverse distance units) and azimuthal angle θ. While isotropic structural arrangement can be interpreted by analysis of the azimuthally averaged one-dimensional (1D) scattering profile, to understand anisotropic arrangements, one has to interpret the two-dimensional (2D) scattering profile, I(q, θ). Manual interpretation of such 2D profiles usually involves fitting of approximate analytical models to azimuthally averaged sections of the 2D profile. In this paper, we present a new method called CREASE-2D that interprets, without any azimuthal averaging, the entire 2D scattering profile, I(q, θ), and outputs the relevant structural features. CREASE-2D is an extension of the "computational reverse engineering analysis for scattering experiments" (CREASE) method that has been used successfully to analyze 1D SAS profiles for a variety of soft materials. CREASE-2D goes beyond CREASE by enabling analysis of 2D scattering profiles, which is far more challenging to interpret than the azimuthally averaged 1D profiles. The CREASE-2D workflow identifies the structural features whose computed I(q, θ) profiles, calculated using a surrogate XGBoost machine learning model, match the input experimental I(q, θ). We expect that this CREASE-2D method will be a valuable tool for materials' researchers who need direct interpretation of the 2D scattering profiles in contrast to analyzing azimuthally averaged 1D I(q) vs q profiles that can lose important information related to structural anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nitant Gupta
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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5
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Nygård K, McDonald SA, González JB, Haghighat V, Appel C, Larsson E, Ghanbari R, Viljanen M, Silva J, Malki S, Li Y, Silva V, Weninger C, Engelmann F, Jeppsson T, Felcsuti G, Rosén T, Gordeyeva K, Söderberg L, Dierks H, Zhang Y, Yao Z, Yang R, Asimakopoulou EM, Rogalinski J, Wallentin J, Villanueva-Perez P, Krüger R, Dreier T, Bech M, Liebi M, Bek M, Kádár R, Terry AE, Tarawneh H, Ilinski P, Malmqvist J, Cerenius Y. ForMAX - a beamline for multiscale and multimodal structural characterization of hierarchical materials. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:363-377. [PMID: 38386565 PMCID: PMC10914163 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577524001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The ForMAX beamline at the MAX IV Laboratory provides multiscale and multimodal structural characterization of hierarchical materials in the nanometre to millimetre range by combining small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering with full-field microtomography. The modular design of the beamline is optimized for easy switching between different experimental modalities. The beamline has a special focus on the development of novel fibrous materials from forest resources, but it is also well suited for studies within, for example, food science and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Nygård
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - V. Haghighat
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - C. Appel
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - E. Larsson
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Solid Mechanics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - R. Ghanbari
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M. Viljanen
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J. Silva
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S. Malki
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Y. Li
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - V. Silva
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - C. Weninger
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - F. Engelmann
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - T. Jeppsson
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - G. Felcsuti
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - T. Rosén
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K. Gordeyeva
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L. D. Söderberg
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H. Dierks
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Y. Zhang
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Z. Yao
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - R. Yang
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - J. Wallentin
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - R. Krüger
- Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - T. Dreier
- Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Excillum AB, Kista, Sweden
| | - M. Bech
- Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M. Liebi
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M. Bek
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- FibRe-Centre for Lignocellulose-based Thermoplastics, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R. Kádár
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- FibRe-Centre for Lignocellulose-based Thermoplastics, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A. E. Terry
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - H. Tarawneh
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - P. Ilinski
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J. Malmqvist
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Y. Cerenius
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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6
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Zhang Y, Huang R, Iepure M, Merriman S, Min Y. Geocolloidal interactions and relaxation dynamics under nanoconfinement: Effects of salinity and particle concentration. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 656:200-213. [PMID: 37989053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Energy-related contaminants are frequently associated with geocolloids that translocate in underground fissures with dimensions comparable with geocolloids. To assess the transport and impact of energy-related contaminants in geological systems, fundamental understandings of interfacial behaviors of nanoparticles under confinement is imperative. We hypothesize that the dynamic properties of geocolloids, as well as their dependence on aqueous medium conditions would deviate from bulk behaviors under nanoconfinement. EXPERIMENTS Force profiles and rheological properties of 50 nm silica nanoparticles in aqueous media confined between mica surfaces as a function of surface separation, particle concentrations, and salinity were measured utilizing the surface forces apparatus. FINDINGS Force profiles revealed the critical surface separation for nonlinear rheological behaviors coincides with the onset of exponential repulsion between mica surfaces. When salts were absent, the normal forces and viscosity values of colloidal suspensions resembled pure water. In contrast, with salts, the force profiles and corresponding critical length scales were found to be highly sensitive to the particle concentration and the degree of confinement. A Newtonian to shear-thinning transition was captured with increasing degrees of confinement. Our results show that the interplay among confinement, particle, and ionic concentrations can alter the interparticle forces and rheological responses of true nanosized-colloidal suspensions and thus their transport behaviors under nanoconfinement for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhong Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside 92521 CA, USA
| | - Rundong Huang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside 92521 CA, USA
| | - Monica Iepure
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside 92521 CA, USA
| | - Stephen Merriman
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, 44325 OH, USA
| | - Younjin Min
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside 92521 CA, USA; Material Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, 92521 CA, USA.
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7
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Muzny C, de Campo L, Sokolova A, Garvey CJ, Rehm C, Hanley H. Shear influence on colloidal cluster growth: a SANS and USANS study. J Appl Crystallogr 2023; 56:1371-1380. [PMID: 37791358 PMCID: PMC10543677 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723006726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines the time evolution of silica/water clusters where the formation of a gel network from unitary silica particles is interrupted by a simple Couette shear field. The aim is to enable the general understanding of this simple system by examining the microscopic basis for the changes in viscosity by providing structural inputs from small-angle scattering for a simple theoretical model. The experimental system is an 8.3 nm particle silica solution (Ludox) where the gelation has been initiated by lowering the pH in a Couette cell providing a constant shear rate of 250 s-1. A unified small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) procedure is described to measure the scattered intensity in a wavevector range of 3 × 10-4 ≤ q (nm-1) ≤ 3.1 × 10-1, probing structural changes over a broad range of length scales from the nanometre to the micrometre. Scattering data provide a new means of better understanding the behaviour of colloidal clusters when subjected to an external applied shear over a continuous time sequence after gel initiation; a fit of the time-dependent scattered intensity leads to an estimation of the cluster's effective volume fraction and size as a function of time. A reductionist theoretical basis is described to predict the time-dependent viscosity behaviour of the sheared colloidal suspension gel-initiated cluster growth from the volume fraction of the clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Muzny
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Liliana de Campo
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Anna Sokolova
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Garvey
- Forschungs-Neutronenquelle, Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Christine Rehm
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Howard Hanley
- Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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8
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Gvaramia M, Gutfreund P, Falus P, Faraone A, Nagao M, Wolff M. Neutron spin echo spectroscopy with a moving sample. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13051. [PMID: 37567960 PMCID: PMC10421866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. It is well suited to study the atomistic motion in polymer systems and contributes to our understanding of viscoelasticity. However, for samples under shear, or moving samples in general, Doppler scattering has to be considered. We compare the measured phase shift and depolarisation due to Doppler scattering from a rotating graphite disk to numerical and analytical calculations and find excellent agreement. This allows to take into account Doppler scattering during the data processing and makes longer Fourier times as well as higher shear rates and Q ranges possible with neutron spin echo spectroscopy, enabling for example the study of polymers under high shear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuchar Gvaramia
- Department for Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Regementsvägen 1, SE-75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Falus
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Antonio Faraone
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Michihiro Nagao
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Max Wolff
- Department for Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Regementsvägen 1, SE-75120, Uppsala, Sweden.
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9
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Shriky B, Vigato AA, Sepulveda AF, Machado IP, de Araujo DR. Poloxamer-based nanogels as delivery systems: how structural requirements can drive their biological performance? Biophys Rev 2023; 15:475-496. [PMID: 37681104 PMCID: PMC10480380 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Poloxamers or Pluronics®-based nanogels are one of the most used matrices for developing delivery systems. Due to their thermoresponsive and flexible mechanical properties, they allowed the incorporation of several molecules including drugs, biomacromolecules, lipid-derivatives, polymers, and metallic, polymeric, or lipid nanocarriers. The thermogelling mechanism is driven by micelles formation and their self-assembly as phase organizations (lamellar, hexagonal, cubic) in response to microenvironmental conditions such as temperature, osmolarity, and additives incorporated. Then, different biophysical techniques have been used for investigating those structural transitions from the mechanisms to the preferential component's orientation and organization. Since the design of PL-based pharmaceutical formulations is driven by the choice of the polymer type, considering its physico-chemical properties, it is also relevant to highlight that factors inherent to the polymeric matrix can be strongly influenced by the presence of additives and how they are able to determine the nanogels biopharmaceuticals properties such as bioadhesion, drug loading, surface interaction behavior, dissolution, and release rate control. In this review, we discuss the general applicability of three of the main biophysical techniques used to characterize those systems, scattering techniques (small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering), rheology and Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR), connecting their supramolecular structure and insights for formulating effective therapeutic delivery systems. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12551-023-01093-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bana Shriky
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Aryane Alves Vigato
- Natural and Human Sciences Centre, Federal University of ABC, Av. dos Estados 5001, Bloco A, Torre 3, Lab 503-3, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, São Paulo, CEP 090210-580 Brazil
| | - Anderson Ferreira Sepulveda
- Natural and Human Sciences Centre, Federal University of ABC, Av. dos Estados 5001, Bloco A, Torre 3, Lab 503-3, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, São Paulo, CEP 090210-580 Brazil
| | | | - Daniele Ribeiro de Araujo
- Natural and Human Sciences Centre, Federal University of ABC, Av. dos Estados 5001, Bloco A, Torre 3, Lab 503-3, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, São Paulo, CEP 090210-580 Brazil
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10
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Hydrogen bonding dissipating hydrogels: The influence of network structure design on structure–property relationships. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:638-653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Uchida J, Soberats B, Gupta M, Kato T. Advanced Functional Liquid Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109063. [PMID: 35034382 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals have been intensively studied as functional materials. Recently, integration of various disciplines has led to new directions in the design of functional liquid-crystalline materials in the fields of energy, water, photonics, actuation, sensing, and biotechnology. Here, recent advances in functional liquid crystals based on polymers, supramolecular complexes, gels, colloids, and inorganic-based hybrids are reviewed, from design strategies to functionalization of these materials and interfaces. New insights into liquid crystals provided by significant progress in advanced measurements and computational simulations, which enhance new design and functionalization of liquid-crystalline materials, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Uchida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa Km. 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, 07122, Spain
| | - Monika Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
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12
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Continuing yet mostly reversible structuration of gum arabic in the presence of oil at interface. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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13
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Nelson AZ, Wang Y, Wang Y, Margotta AS, Sammler RL, Izmitli A, Katz JS, Curtis-Fisk J, Li Y, Ewoldt RH. Gelation under stress: impact of shear flow on the formation and mechanical properties of methylcellulose hydrogels. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:1554-1565. [PMID: 35107466 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01711j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that small unidirectional applied-stresses during temperature-induced gelation dramatically change the gel temperature and the resulting mechanical properties and structure of aqueous methylcellulose (MC), a material that forms a brittle gel with a fibrillar microstructure at elevated temperatures. Applied stress makes gelation more difficult, evidenced by an increased gelation temperature, and weakens mechanical properties of the hot gel, evidenced by a decreased elastic modulus and decreased apparent failure stress. In extreme cases, formation of a fully percolated polymer network is inhibited and a soft granular yield-stress fluid is formed. We quantify the effects of the applied stress using a filament-based mechanical model to relate the measured properties to the structural features of the fibril network. The dramatic changes in the gel temperature and hot gel properties give more design freedom to processing-dependent rheology, but could be detrimental to coating applications where gravitational stress during gelation is unavoidable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Z Nelson
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Yushi Wang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Anthony S Margotta
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Robert L Sammler
- Formulation, Automation, and Material Science and Engineering, Corporate R&D, Dow Inc., Midland, MI 48674, USA
| | - Aslin Izmitli
- Home and Personal Care TS&D, Dow Inc., Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Joshua S Katz
- Pharma Solutions R&D, International Flavors & Fragrances, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Jaime Curtis-Fisk
- Formulation, Automation, and Material Science and Engineering, Corporate R&D, Dow Inc., Midland, MI 48674, USA
| | - Yongfu Li
- Analytical Science, Corporate R&D, Dow Inc., Midland, MI 48674, USA
| | - Randy H Ewoldt
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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14
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Edera P, Brizioli M, Zanchetta G, Petekidis G, Giavazzi F, Cerbino R. Deformation profiles and microscopic dynamics of complex fluids during oscillatory shear experiments. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8553-8566. [PMID: 34515281 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01068a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oscillatory shear tests are widely used in rheology to characterize the linear and non-linear mechanical response of complex fluids, including the yielding transition. There is an increasing urge to acquire detailed knowledge of the deformation field that is effectively present across the sample during these tests; at the same time, there is mounting evidence that the macroscopic rheological response depends on the elusive microscopic behavior of the material constituents. Here we employ a strain-controlled shear-cell with transparent walls to visualize and quantify the dynamics of tracers embedded in various cyclically sheared complex fluids, ranging from almost-ideal elastic to yield stress fluids. For each sample, we use image correlation processing to measure the macroscopic deformation field, and echo-differential dynamic microscopy to probe the microscopic irreversible sample dynamics in reciprocal space; finally, we devise a simple scheme to spatially map the rearrangements in the sheared sample, once again without tracking the tracers. For the yield stress sample, we obtain a wave-vector dependent characterization of shear-induced diffusion across the yielding transition, which is accompanied by a three-order-of-magnitude speed-up of the dynamics and by a transition from localized, intermittent rearrangements to a more spatially homogeneous and temporally uniform activity. Our tracking free approach is intrinsically multi-scale, can successfully discriminate between different types of dynamics, and can be automated to minimize user intervention. Applications are many, as it can be translated to other imaging modes, including fluorescence, and can be used with sub-resolution tracers and even without tracers, for samples that provide intrinsic optical contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Edera
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy.
| | - Matteo Brizioli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy.
| | - Giuliano Zanchetta
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy.
| | - George Petekidis
- FORTH/IESL and Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Fabio Giavazzi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy.
| | - Roberto Cerbino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy.
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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15
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Dorishetty P, Balu R, Gelmi A, Mata JP, Dutta NK, Choudhury NR. 3D Printable Soy/Silk Hybrid Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3668-3678. [PMID: 34460237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of protein-based 3D printable hydrogel systems with tunable structure and properties is a critical challenge in contemporary biomedicine. Particularly, 3D printing of modular hydrogels comprising different types of protein tertiary structure, such as globular and fibrous, has not yet been achieved. Here we report the extrusion-based 3D printing of hybrid hydrogels photochemically co-cross-linked between globular soy protein isolate (SPI) and fibrous silk fibroin (SF) for the first time. The hierarchical structure and organization of pristine SPI and SF, and 1:3 (SPI/SF) hybrid inks under various shear stress were investigated using in situ rheology combined with small-/ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (Rheo-SANS/USANS). The hybrid ink exhibited an isotropic mass fractal structure that was stable between tested shear rates of 0.1 and 100 s-1 (near printing shear). The kinetics of sol-gel transition during the photo-cross-linking reaction and the micromechanical properties of fabricated hydrogels were investigated using photorheology and atomic force microscopy, where the hybrid hydrogels exhibited tunable storage and Young's moduli in the range of 13-29 and 214-811 kPa, respectively. The cross-link density and printing accuracy of hybrid hydrogels and inks were observed to increase with the increase in SF content. The 3D printed hybrid hydrogels exhibited a micropore size larger than that of solution casted hydrogels; where the 3D printed 1:3 (SPI/SF) hybrid hydrogel showed a pore size about 7.6 times higher than that of the casted hydrogel. Moreover, the fabricated hybrid hydrogels exhibit good mouse fibroblast cell attachment, viability, and proliferation, demonstrating their potential for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Dorishetty
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Rajkamal Balu
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Amy Gelmi
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jitendra P Mata
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering (ACNS), Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, Sydney, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Naba K Dutta
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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16
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Operando observation of concentrated SiO 2 suspensions by optical coherent tomography during flow curve measurements: The relationship between polymer dispersant structures and surface interactions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:290-297. [PMID: 34509106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Flow curve measurement is commonly used to characterize the flow behavior of concentrated suspensions. However, dynamic changes in the suspension inner microstructures under highly sheared conditions have not been correctly understood even though they strongly affect the measured shear stress. We hypothesize that the real particle dynamics during shearing could be effectively revealed by a systematic investigation that combines macroscopic flow curve measurements with operando microstructural observation employing an optical coherent tomography (OCT) apparatus and surface interaction measurements with the colloidal probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) method. EXPERIMENTS The model system was spherical SiO2/toluene suspensions stabilized by polyethyleneimine (PEI) partially complexed with different fatty acids. Inner structures of the suspensions during flow curve measurements were observed by the OCT technique. The surface-surface interactions in toluene were analyzed using the colloidal probe AFM method. FINDINGS Operando OCT observations revealed that during flow curve measurements, the suspensions can have completely different microscopic flow modes depending on the fatty acid species complexed to PEI and the solid concentrations. These microscopic flow modes could not be recognized using the typical flow curve measurements alone. The different flow modes can be explained by surface interactions measured by the colloidal probe AFM method.
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17
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Larsson J, Williams AP, Wahlgren M, Porcar L, Ulvenlund S, Nylander T, Tabor RF, Sanchez-Fernandez A. Shear-induced nanostructural changes in micelles formed by sugar-based surfactants with varied anomeric configuration. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 606:328-336. [PMID: 34392029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The self-assembly of long tail sugar-based surfactants into worm-like micelles has recently been demonstrated, and the rheological properties of such systems have been shown to be tuneable through subtle modifications of the molecular characteristics of the surfactant monomer. In particular, the anomeric configuration of the hexadecylmaltoside headgroup was shown to induce profound changes in the nanostructure and rheology of the system. The origin of such changes is hypothesised to arise from differences in the structure and relaxation of the micellar networks in the semi-dilute regime. EXPERIMENTS Here we explore the molecular background to the flow properties of the two anomers of hexadecylmaltoside (α- and β-C16G2) by directly connecting their rheological behaviour to the micelle morphology. For this purpose, 1-3 plane rheo-small-angle neutron scattering measurements, using a Couette cell geometry, probed the structural changes in the micellar phase under shear. The effect of surfactant anomeric configuration, surfactant concentration, temperature and mixing ratio of the two anomers were investigated. The static micelle structure in the semi-dilute regime was determined using the polymer reference interaction site model. FINDINGS The segmental alignment of the micellar phase was studied under several flow conditions, showing that the shear-thinning behaviour relates to the re-arrangement of β-C16G2 worm-like micelles, whilst shorter α-C16G2 micelles are considerably less affected by the flow. The results are rationalised in terms of micelle alignment and disruption of the entangled network, providing a detailed mechanism by which sugar-based surfactants control the rheology of the fluid. To further enable future studies, we provide the complete code for modelling micelle structure in the semi-dilute regime using the polymer reference interaction site model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Larsson
- Physical Chemistry, Department Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Ashley P Williams
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Marie Wahlgren
- Food Technology, Nutrition and Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, Lund 221 00, Sweden; Enza Biotech AB, Scheelevägen 22, Lund 22363, Sweden
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Laue-Langevin, DS / LSS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Stefan Ulvenlund
- Food Technology, Nutrition and Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, Lund 221 00, Sweden; Enza Biotech AB, Scheelevägen 22, Lund 22363, Sweden
| | - Tommy Nylander
- Physical Chemistry, Department Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund 221 00, Sweden; NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rico F Tabor
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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18
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Sarkar A, Soltanahmadi S, Chen J, Stokes JR. Oral tribology: Providing insight into oral processing of food colloids. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Lehr CM, Astasheva O, Baller J. Brillouin light scattering during shearing of complex fluids. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:16019-16031. [PMID: 34154174 DOI: 10.1364/oe.425029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A setup for the optical measurement of elastic properties during the flow of complex fluids is presented. Brillouin light scattering and rotational rheology are combined in order to simultaneously measure the high-frequency longitudinal elastic modulus in a classical rheometer along with the zero-shear viscosity. Brillouin light scattering allows for the contactless determination of local elastic properties. First measurements of a diluted polymer system suggest a homogeneous orientation of polymer molecules throughout the sample as soon as a critical shear rate has been reached at one spatial position.
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20
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Danielsen SPO, Beech HK, Wang S, El-Zaatari BM, Wang X, Sapir L, Ouchi T, Wang Z, Johnson PN, Hu Y, Lundberg DJ, Stoychev G, Craig SL, Johnson JA, Kalow JA, Olsen BD, Rubinstein M. Molecular Characterization of Polymer Networks. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5042-5092. [PMID: 33792299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymer networks are complex systems consisting of molecular components. Whereas the properties of the individual components are typically well understood by most chemists, translating that chemical insight into polymer networks themselves is limited by the statistical and poorly defined nature of network structures. As a result, it is challenging, if not currently impossible, to extrapolate from the molecular behavior of components to the full range of performance and properties of the entire polymer network. Polymer networks therefore present an unrealized, important, and interdisciplinary opportunity to exert molecular-level, chemical control on material macroscopic properties. A barrier to sophisticated molecular approaches to polymer networks is that the techniques for characterizing the molecular structure of networks are often unfamiliar to many scientists. Here, we present a critical overview of the current characterization techniques available to understand the relation between the molecular properties and the resulting performance and behavior of polymer networks, in the absence of added fillers. We highlight the methods available to characterize the chemistry and molecular-level properties of individual polymer strands and junctions, the gelation process by which strands form networks, the structure of the resulting network, and the dynamics and mechanics of the final material. The purpose is not to serve as a detailed manual for conducting these measurements but rather to unify the underlying principles, point out remaining challenges, and provide a concise overview by which chemists can plan characterization strategies that suit their research objectives. Because polymer networks cannot often be sufficiently characterized with a single method, strategic combinations of multiple techniques are typically required for their molecular characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P O Danielsen
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Haley K Beech
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Bassil M El-Zaatari
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xiaodi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | | | - Zi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Patricia N Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yixin Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - David J Lundberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Georgi Stoychev
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Stephen L Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Julia A Kalow
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Bradley D Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.,Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.,World Primer Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
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21
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Conn CE, de Campo L, Whitten AE, Garvey CJ, Krause-Heuer AM, van 't Hag L. Membrane Protein Structures in Lipid Bilayers; Small-Angle Neutron Scattering With Contrast-Matched Bicontinuous Cubic Phases. Front Chem 2021; 8:619470. [PMID: 33644002 PMCID: PMC7903247 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.619470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This perspective describes advances in determining membrane protein structures in lipid bilayers using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Differentially labeled detergents with a homogeneous scattering length density facilitate contrast matching of detergent micelles; this has previously been used successfully to obtain the structures of membrane proteins. However, detergent micelles do not mimic the lipid bilayer environment of the cell membrane in vivo. Deuterated vesicles can be used to obtain the radius of gyration of membrane proteins, but protein-protein interference effects within the vesicles severely limits this method such that the protein structure cannot be modeled. We show herein that different membrane protein conformations can be distinguished within the lipid bilayer of the bicontinuous cubic phase using contrast-matching. Time-resolved studies performed using SANS illustrate the complex phase behavior in lyotropic liquid crystalline systems and emphasize the importance of this development. We believe that studying membrane protein structures and phase behavior in contrast-matched lipid bilayers will advance both biological and pharmaceutical applications of membrane-associated proteins, biosensors and food science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E. Conn
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Liliana de Campo
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew E. Whitten
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Garvey
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
- Lund Institute for Advanced Neutron and X-Ray Science, Lund, Sweden
- Biolfim-Research Center for Biointerfaces and Biomedical Science Department, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anwen M. Krause-Heuer
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Leonie van 't Hag
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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22
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Kushnir D, Beyer N, Bartsch E, Hébraud P. Wide-angle static and dynamic light scattering under shear. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:025113. [PMID: 33648051 DOI: 10.1063/5.0029533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We develop and characterize a wide angle static and dynamic light scattering under shear setup. The apparatus is suitable for the study of the structure and the dynamics of soft materials systems with a sub-micron characteristic length scale. The shear device consists in two parallel plates, and the optical setup allows us to perform light scattering measurements in any plane that contains the gradient of the velocity field direction. We demonstrate several capabilities of our apparatus: a measurement of the evolution with shear of the first peak of the structure factor of a concentrated suspension of spherical particles, both in the compression and extension quadrants of the shear flow, and the measurement of the velocity profile in dynamic light scattering. We present a theoretical treatment of light scattering under flow that takes into account the Gaussian character of the illumination and detection optical paths, in the case where the scattering volume extension is smaller than the gap of the flow cell, and compare with experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kushnir
- IPCMS, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - N Beyer
- IPCMS, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - E Bartsch
- Institut fur Makromolekulare Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, Stefan-Meier Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - P Hébraud
- IPCMS, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg, France
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23
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Gordon MB, Kloxin CJ, Wagner NJ. Structural and rheological aging in model attraction-driven glasses by Rheo-SANS. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:924-935. [PMID: 33245305 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01373k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aging in a model colloidal suspension comprised of particles with a thermoreversible attraction is studied using Rheo-SANS techniques in the attractive-driven glass state. Multiple thermal pathways lead to a common rheological and microstructural aging trajectory, as was observed previously for a thermoreversible gel. SANS measurements of the colloidal glass microstructure as a function of temperature and time during various quench protocols are quantitatively characterized in terms of an effective interaction strength that becomes an order parameter defining the microstructural state of the glass. Using previously validated concepts of a fictive temperature, a semi-empirical, quantitative relationship similar to an Avrami relationship is established between the mechanical aging (elastic modulus) and microstructural aging (order parameter) that is independent of thermal history for the thermal profiles studied herein at long times. Furthermore, shear rejuvenation is studied, and while shear may only partially reduce the degree of structure in the glass, aging upon flow cessation is found to follow a common trajectory when viewed in terms of the microstructural order parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa B Gordon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lafayette College, 740 High Street, Easton, PA 18042, USA
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24
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Kawaguchi M. Dispersion stability and rheological properties of silica suspensions in aqueous solutions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 284:102248. [PMID: 32916455 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This historical perspective overviews the dispersion stability and rheological properties of fumed and colloidal silica suspensions in aqueous solutions as a function of the volume fraction of silica (ϕ) (where ϕ is ≤0.1). The silica suspensions exist in a gel state at lower ϕ in acidic conditions than at alkaline pH. The steady-state shear viscosities of silica suspensions at acid conditions exhibit shear thinning behavior at lower ϕ than in alkaline conditions; the magnitudes of the dynamic moduli of the silica suspensions at acidic pH are larger than those at alkaline pH. Changes in the dispersion stability and rheological behavior of the silica suspensions may be attributable to the addition of salt, which decreases electrostatic repulsion. Furthermore, the effects of polymer adsorption on the dispersion stability and rheological behavior of hydrophilic or hydrophobic silica suspensions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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25
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Zákutná D, Graef K, Dresen D, Porcar L, Honecker D, Disch S. In situ magnetorheological SANS setup at Institut Laue-Langevin. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractA magnetorheological sample environment is presented that allows for in situ magnetic field and shear flow during small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements and is now available at the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL). The setup allows performing simultaneous magnetorheological measurements together with the investigation of structural and magnetic changes on the nanometer length scale underlying the rheological response of ferrofluids. We describe the setup consisting of a commercial rheometer and a custom-made set of Helmholtz coils and show exemplarily data on the field and shear flow alignment of a dispersion of hematite nanospindles in water.
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26
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Narayanan T, Dattani R, Möller J, Kwaśniewski P. A microvolume shear cell for combined rheology and x-ray scattering experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:085102. [PMID: 32872916 DOI: 10.1063/5.0012905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An experimental setup is presented for x-ray scattering studies of soft matter under shear flow that employs a low-background coaxial capillary cell coupled to a high-resolution commercial rheometer. The rotor of the Searle type cell is attached to the rheometer shaft, which allows the application of either steady or oscillatory shear of controlled stress or rate on the sample confined in the annular space between the stator and the rotor. The shearing device facilitates ultrasmall-angle x-ray scattering and ultrasmall-angle x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy measurements with relatively low scattering backgrounds. This enables the elucidation of weak structural features otherwise submerged in the background and probes the underlying dynamics. The performance of the setup is demonstrated by means of a variety of colloidal systems subjected to different rheological protocols. Examples include shear deformation of a short-range attractive colloidal gel, dynamics of dilute colloids in shear flow, distortion of the structure factor of a dense repulsive colloidal suspension, shear induced ordering of colloidal crystals, and alignment of multilamellar microtubes formed by a surfactant-polysaccharide mixture. Finally, the new possibilities offered by this setup for investigating soft matter subjected to shear flow by x-ray scattering are discussed.
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27
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Murphy RP, Riedel ZW, Nakatani MA, Salipante PF, Weston JS, Hudson SD, Weigandt KM. Capillary RheoSANS: measuring the rheology and nanostructure of complex fluids at high shear rates. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6285-6293. [PMID: 32602520 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00941e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Complex fluids containing micelles, proteins, polymers and inorganic nanoparticles are often processed and used in high shear environments that can lead to structural changes at the nanoscale. Here, capillary rheometry is combined with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to simultaneously measure the viscosity and nanostructure of model complex fluids at industrially-relevant high shear rates. Capillary RheoSANS (CRSANS) uses pressure-driven flow through a long, flexible, silica capillary to generate wall shear rates up to 106 s-1 and measure pressure drops up to 500 bar. Sample volumes as small as 2 mL are required, which allow for measurement of supply-limited biological and deuterated materials. The device design, rheology and scattering methodologies, and broad sample capabilities are demonstrated by measuring a variety of model systems including silica nanoparticles, NIST monoclonal antibodies, and surfactant worm-like micelles. For a shear-thinning suspension of worm-like micelles, CRSANS measurements are in good agreement with traditional RheoSANS measurements. Collectively, these techniques provide insight into relationships between nanostructure and steady-shear viscosity over eight orders of magnitude in shear rate. Overall, CRSANS expands the capabilities of traditional RheoSANS instruments toward higher shear rates, enabling in situ structural measurements of soft materials at shear rates relevant to extrusion, coating, lubrication, and spraying applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Murphy
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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28
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Del Sorbo GR, Prévost S, Schneck E, Gradzielski M, Hoffmann I. On the Mechanism of Shear-Thinning in Viscous Oppositely Charged Polyelectrolyte Surfactant Complexes (PESCs). J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:909-913. [PMID: 31935087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b10467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Semidilute mixtures of the cationically modified cellulose-based polyelectrolyte JR 400 and the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) form highly viscous solutions if a slight excess of charges from the polyelectrolyte is present. The reason for this is the formation of mixed rodlike aggregates in which the surfactant cross-links several polyelectrolyte chains. The same solutions also show shear-thinning behavior. In this paper, we use rheoSANS to investigate the structural evolution of the rodlike aggregates under steady shear and thereby elucidate the mechanism of shear-thinning in these viscous oppositely charged polyelectrolyte surfactant complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Rosario Del Sorbo
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany.,Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin (ILL) , 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156 , F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin (ILL) , 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156 , F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Emanuel Schneck
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany.,Soft Matter Biophysics, Department of Physics , TU Darmstadt , Hochschulstraße 8 , D-64289 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 124, Sekr. TC 7 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Ingo Hoffmann
- Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin (ILL) , 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156 , F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Arenas-Gómez B, Garza C, Liu Y, Castillo R. Alignment of worm-like micelles at intermediate and high shear rates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 560:618-625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Lee JC, Porcar L, Rogers SA. Recovery rheology via rheo‐SANS: Application to step strains under out‐of‐equilibrium conditions. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johnny C.‐W. Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois
| | | | - Simon A. Rogers
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois
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31
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Richards JJ, Riley JK. Dielectric RheoSANS: a mutual electrical and rheological characterization technique using small-angle neutron scattering. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Pokorski JK, Hore MJ. Structural characterization of protein–polymer conjugates for biomedical applications with small-angle scattering. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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33
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Fan Y, Wang Y. Applications of small-angle X-ray scattering/small-angle neutron scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy to understand self-assembly of surfactants. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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34
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Poiseuille and extensional flow small-angle scattering for developing structure–rheology relationships in soft matter systems. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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35
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Unveiling Temporal Nonlinear Structure-Rheology Relationships under Dynamic Shearing. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071189. [PMID: 31315259 PMCID: PMC6680679 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how microscopic rearrangements manifest in macroscopic flow responses is one of the central goals of nonlinear rheological studies. Using the sequence-of-physical-processes framework, we present a natural 3D structure–rheology space that temporally correlates the structural and nonlinear viscoelastic parameters. Exploiting the rheo-small-angle neutron scattering (rheo-SANS) techniques, we demonstrate the use of the framework with a model system of polymer-like micelles (PLMs), where we unveil a sequence of microscopic events that micelles experience under dynamic shearing across a range of frequencies. The least-aligned state of the PLMs is observed to migrate from the total strain extreme toward zero strain with increasing frequency. Our proposed 3D space is generic, and can be equally applied to other soft materials under any sort of deformation, such as startup shear or uniaxial extension. This work therefore provides a natural approach for researchers to study complex out-of-equilibrium structure–rheology relationships of soft materials.
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36
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Lee JCW, Weigandt KM, Kelley EG, Rogers SA. Structure-Property Relationships via Recovery Rheology in Viscoelastic Materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:248003. [PMID: 31322410 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.248003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The recoverable strain is shown to correlate to the temporal evolution of microstructure via time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering and dynamic shear rheology. Investigating two distinct polymeric materials of wormlike micelles and fibrin network, we demonstrate that, in addition to the nonlinear structure-property relationships, the shear and normal stress evolution is dictated by the recoverable strain. A distinct sequence of physical processes under large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) is identified that clearly contains information regarding both the steady-state flow curve and the linear-regime frequency sweep, contrary to most interpretations that LAOS responses are either distinct from or somehow intermediate between the two cases. This work provides a physically motivated and straightforward path to further explore the structure-property relationships of viscoelastic materials under dynamic flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Ching-Wei Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Katie M Weigandt
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Kelley
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Simon A Rogers
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
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37
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Velichko E, Tian B, Nikolaeva T, Koning J, van Duynhoven J, Bouwman WG. A versatile shear cell for investigation of structure of food materials under shear. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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38
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Krauss SW, Schweins R, Magerl A, Zobel M. Free-film small-angle neutron scattering: a novel container-free in situ sample environment with minimized H/D exchange. J Appl Crystallogr 2019; 52:284-288. [PMID: 30996715 PMCID: PMC6448684 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576719000906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a container-free sample environment which is particularly well suited for in situ reaction studies of liquid samples by small-angle neutron scattering and related techniques is reported. Hydrogen exchange with the humidity from air is reduced by an encapsulating setup in a bag filled with an inert gas such as He. The effectiveness of this measure is quantitatively accessed by infrared absorption and gravimetry, and further correlated with neutron scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian W Krauss
- Chemistry Department, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Laue-Langevin, DS/LSS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Andreas Magerl
- Physics Department, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mirijam Zobel
- Chemistry Department, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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39
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Rheo-SANS study on relationship between micellar structures and rheological behavior of cationic gemini surfactants in solution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 538:357-366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.11.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Micron-scale restructuring of gelling silica subjected to shear. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 533:136-143. [PMID: 30165295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE We examine the time dependent viscometric behavior of a well-defined system of gelling colloidal silica and how this behavior may be understood from a simple theoretical model which incorporates the microstructure of the gel. The ultra-small angle neutron scattering (USANS) technique is used to interrogate structure during the gelation process. EXPERIMENTS The investigations focused on a system where both particles and interactions are well-defined: 7 nm silica particle acid-treated aqueous solution subjected to a constant applied shear in Couette geometry. Ultra-small angle neutron scattering (USANS) time-dependent scattering intensities were measured at wave vectors, q, in the range, 1.0 × 10-3 ≤ q/nm ≤ 7.3 × 10-2 coupled with viscosity data recorded simultaneously. The interpretation of the USANS scattering data is reliant on an isotropic sample. This assumption has been investigated, over a limited range of scattering vectors, using more suitable small angle neutron scattering (SANS) instrumentation with a restricted q-range. FINDINGS The first recorded direct kinetic measurements of the micron-scale structure in a gelling system. A critical micro-structural feature of the intensity-viscosity time behavior of a gelling colloid subjected to a shear is the cluster size. A viscosity/intensity coupling observed at the time of a viscosity maximum that corresponds to a time-dependent critical stress and speculated to be independent of the wave vector over a wide q-range.
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41
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Wang Z, Iwashita T, Porcar L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Sánchez-Díaz LE, Wu B, Huang GR, Egami T, Chen WR. Local elasticity in nonlinear rheology of interacting colloidal glasses revealed by neutron scattering and rheometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 21:38-45. [PMID: 30283930 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05247f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The flow of colloidal suspensions is ubiquitous in nature and industry. Colloidal suspensions exhibit a wide range of rheological behavior, which should be closely related to the microscopic structure of the systems. With in situ small-angle neutron scattering complemented by rheological measurements, we investigated the deformation behavior of a charge-stabilized colloidal glass at particle level undergoing steady shear. A short-lived, localized elastic response at particle level, termed as the transient elasticity zone (TEZ), was identified from the neutron spectra. The existence of the TEZ, which could be promoted by the electrostatic interparticle potential, is a signature of deformation heterogeneity: the body of fluids under shear behaves like an elastic solid within the spatial range of the TEZ but like fluid outside the TEZ. The size of the TEZ shrinks as the shear rate increases in the shear thinning region, which shows that the shear thinning is accompanied by a diminishing deformation heterogeneity. More interestingly, the TEZ is found to be the structural unit that provides the resistance to the imposed shear, as evidenced by the quantitative agreement between the local elastic stress sustained by the TEZ and the macroscopic stress from rheological measurements at low and moderate shear rates. Our findings provide an understanding on the nonlinear rheology of interacting colloidal glasses from a micro-mechanical view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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42
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Salipante PF, Meek SE, Hudson SD. Flow fluctuations in wormlike micelle fluids. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:9020-9035. [PMID: 30378623 PMCID: PMC6501199 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01649f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the unstable flow of wormlike micelle solutions in pressure driven capillary flow, with a focus on the effect of entrance geometry on the fluid fluctuations. The flow is measured at different points in the capillary using particle image velocimetry while simultaneously measuring the pressure drop across the entire capillary. The fluctuations are characterized by rapid flow rate jumps that correspond with a decrease in the pressure drop followed by a longer recovery period. Velocimetry measurements in the entrance region show a transition to unstable flow above a critical flow rate, where large flow circulations are observed in the tapered geometry and localized jets are observed in an abrupt contraction. The transition to this unstable flow is shown to occur at a similar dimensionless extension rate normalized by the micelle relaxation time. A rapid breakdown in micelle alignment is observed in polarized light microscopy at the onset of the flow rate jump, indicating the importance of rapid micelle structural changes on the fluctuations. We characterize the system by analyzing the power spectral densities and develop a dynamical systems model to describe the relationship between pressure and flow rate. These developments provide understanding to control flow fluctuations and motivation for more detailed study of the coupling of fluid microstructure transitions and flow fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Salipante
- Polymers and Complex Fluids Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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43
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Probing flow-induced nanostructure of complex fluids in arbitrary 2D flows using a fluidic four-roll mill (FFoRM). Sci Rep 2018; 8:15559. [PMID: 30349018 PMCID: PMC6197203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering flow processes to direct the microscopic structure of soft materials represents a growing area of materials research. In situ small-angle neutron scattering under flow (flow-SANS) is an attractive probe of fluid microstructure under simulated processing conditions, but current capabilities require many different sample environments to fully interrogate the deformations a fluid experiences in a realistic processing flow. Inspired by recent advances in microfluidics, we present a fluidic four-roll mill (FFoRM) capable of producing tunable 2D flow fields for in situ SANS measurements, that is intended to allow characterization of complex fluid nanostructure under arbitrary complex flows within a single sample environment. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are used to design a FFoRM that produces spatially homogeneous and sufficiently strong deformation fields. Particle tracking velocimetry experiments are then used to characterize the flows produced in the FFoRM for several classes of non-Newtonian fluids. Finally, a putative FFoRM-SANS workflow is demonstrated and validated through the characterization of flow-induced orientation in a semi-dilute cellulose nanocrystal dispersion under a range of 2D deformations. These novel experiments confirm that, for steady state straining flows at moderate strain rates, the nanocrystals orient along the principal strain-rate axis, in agreement with theories for rigid, rod-like Brownian particles in a homogeneous flow.
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44
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Kuczera S, Gentile L, Brox TI, Olsson U, Schmidt C, Galvosas P. Multilamellar Vesicle Formation Probed by Rheo-NMR and Rheo-SALS under Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:8314-8325. [PMID: 29924625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The formation of multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) in the lyotropic lamellar phase of the system triethylene glycol mono n-decyl ether (C10E3)/water is investigated under large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) using spatially resolved rheo-NMR spectroscopy and a combination of rheo-small angle light scattering (rheo-SALS) and conventional rheology. Recent advances in rheo-NMR hardware development facilitated the application of LAOS deformations in high-field NMR magnets. For the range of investigated strain amplitudes (10-50) and frequencies (1 and 2 rad s-1), MLV formation is observed in all NMR and most SALS experiments. It is found that the MLV size depends on the applied frequency in contrast to previous steady shear experiments where the shear rate is the controlling parameter. The onset of MLV formation, however, is found to vary with the shear amplitude. The LAOS measurements bear no indication of the intermediate structures resembling aligned multilamellar cylinders observed in steady shear experiments. Lissajous curves of stress vs strain reveal a transition from a viscoelastic solid material to a pseudoplastic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kuczera
- Victoria University of Wellington , SCPS, MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Wellington 6140 , New Zealand
- Division of Physical Chemistry , Lund University , P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund , Sweden
| | - Luigi Gentile
- Division of Physical Chemistry , Lund University , P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund , Sweden
- Department of Biology, MEMEG unit , Lund University , Sölvegatan 35 , 223 62 Lund , Sweden
| | - Timothy I Brox
- Victoria University of Wellington , SCPS, MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Wellington 6140 , New Zealand
| | - Ulf Olsson
- Division of Physical Chemistry , Lund University , P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund , Sweden
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry , Paderborn University , Warburger Strasse 100 , D-33098 Paderborn , Germany
| | - Petrik Galvosas
- Victoria University of Wellington , SCPS, MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Wellington 6140 , New Zealand
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45
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Genix AC, Oberdisse J. Nanoparticle self-assembly: from interactions in suspension to polymer nanocomposites. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:5161-5179. [PMID: 29893402 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00430g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental results using in particular small-angle scattering to characterize the self-assembly of mainly hard spherical nanoparticles into higher ordered structures ranging from fractal aggregates to ordered assemblies are reviewed. The crucial control of interparticle interactions is discussed, from chemical surface-modification, or the action of additives like depletion agents, to the generation of directional patches and the use of external fields. It is shown how the properties of interparticle interactions have been used to allow inducing and possibly controlling aggregation, opening the road to the generation of colloidal molecules or potentially metamaterials. In the last part, studies of the microstructure of polymer nanocomposites as an application of volume-spanning and stress-carrying aggregates are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Caroline Genix
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France.
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46
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Lopez CG, Watanabe T, Adamo M, Martel A, Porcar L, Cabral JT. Microfluidic devices for small-angle neutron scattering. J Appl Crystallogr 2018; 51:570-583. [PMID: 29896054 PMCID: PMC5988002 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576718007264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparative examination is presented of materials and approaches for the fabrication of microfluidic devices for small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Representative inorganic glasses, metals, and polymer materials and devices are evaluated under typical SANS configurations. Performance criteria include neutron absorption, scattering background and activation, as well as spatial resolution, chemical compatibility and pressure resistance, and also cost, durability and manufacturability. Closed-face polymer photolithography between boron-free glass (or quartz) plates emerges as an attractive approach for rapidly prototyped microfluidic SANS devices, with transmissions up to ∼98% and background similar to a standard liquid cell (I ≃ 10-3 cm-1). For applications requiring higher durability and/or chemical, thermal and pressure resistance, sintered or etched boron-free glass and silicon devices offer superior performance, at the expense of various fabrication requirements, and are increasingly available commercially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G. Lopez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Takaichi Watanabe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marco Adamo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institut Laue–Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Martel
- Institut Laue–Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Laue–Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - João T. Cabral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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47
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Adamo M, Poulos AS, G Lopez C, Martel A, Porcar L, Cabral JT. Droplet microfluidic SANS. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:1759-1770. [PMID: 29355865 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02433a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of droplet microfluidics and Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) is demonstrated with a range of model systems: isotopic solvent (H2O/D2O) mixtures, surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) solutions and colloidal (silica) suspensions. Several droplet carrier phases are evaluated and fluorinated oil emerges as a suitable fluid with minimal neutron background scattering (commensurate with air), and excellent interfacial properties. The combined effects of flow dispersion and compositional averaging caused by the neutron beam footprint are evaluated in both continuous and droplet flows and an operational window is established. Systematic droplet-SANS dilution measurements of colloidal silica suspensions enable unprecedented quantification of form and structure factors, osmotic compressibility, enhanced by constrained global data fits. Contrast variation measurements with over 100 data points are readily carried out in 10-20 min timescales, and validated for colloidal silica of two sizes, in both continuous and droplet flows. While droplet microfluidics is established as an attractive platform for SANS, the compositional averaging imposed by large (∼1 cm) beam footprints can, under certain circumstances, make single phase, continuous flow a preferable option for low scattering systems. We propose simple guidelines to assess the suitability of either approach based on well-defined system parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Adamo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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48
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Dawre S, Pathak S, Sharma S, Devarajan PV. Enhanced antimalalarial activity of a prolonged release in situ gel of arteether–lumefantrine in a murine model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 123:95-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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49
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Bouzid M, Del Gado E. Network Topology in Soft Gels: Hardening and Softening Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:773-781. [PMID: 28977748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The structural complexity of soft gels is at the origin of a versatile mechanical response that allows for large deformation, controlled elastic recovery, and toughness in the same material. A limit to exploiting the potential of such materials is the insufficient fundamental understanding of the microstructural origin of the bulk mechanical properties. Here we investigate the role of the network topology in a model gel through 3D numerical simulations. Our study links the topology of the network organization in space to its nonlinear rheological response preceding yielding and damage: our analysis elucidates how the network connectivity alone could be used to modify the gel mechanics at large strains, from strain-softening to hardening and even to a brittle response. These findings provide new insight for smart material design and for understanding the nontrivial mechanical response of a potentially wide range of technologically relevant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bouzid
- Department of Physics and Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University , Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Emanuela Del Gado
- Department of Physics and Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University , Washington, DC 20057, United States
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50
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Kelleppan VT, Moore JE, McCoy TM, Sokolova AV, Campo LD, Wilkinson BL, Tabor RF. Self-Assembly of Long-Chain Betaine Surfactants: Effect of Tailgroup Structure on Wormlike Micelle Formation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:970-977. [PMID: 29016147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain amidopropyl betaines are known for their ability to self-assemble into viscoelastic wormlike micellar structures. Here, we explore the effect of tailgroup molecular architecture on this process, comparing five molecules, each with C18 chains but different levels of unsaturation and branching. The surfactants are synthesized from stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and isostearic acids. The self-assembly of these molecules in aqueous solutions is explored using small- and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (SANS and USANS). It is seen that optimum wormlike micelle formation is achieved for the oleic-chained surfactant, and the alignment of self-assembled structures is further explored using rheo-SANS. The more highly unsaturated molecules form rodlike micelles, whereas the stearic-tailed molecule shows a pronounced Krafft point and the isostearic-chained surfactant is entirely water-insoluble. These results demonstrate the critical importance of tailgroup geometry on surfactant properties and self-assembly for this industrially important class of surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena T Kelleppan
- School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jackson E Moore
- School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Thomas M McCoy
- School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Anna V Sokolova
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Liliana de Campo
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Brendan L Wilkinson
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England , Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Rico F Tabor
- School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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