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Gugel I, Marchetti F, Costa S, Gugel I, Baldini E, Vertuani S, Manfredini S. 2G-lactic acid from olive oil supply chain waste: olive leaves upcycling via Lactobacillus casei fermentation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:379. [PMID: 38888798 PMCID: PMC11189319 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The transition towards a sustainable model, particularly the circular economy, emphasizes the importance of redefining waste as a valuable resource, paving the way for innovative upcycling strategies. The olive oil industry, with its significant output of agricultural waste, offers a promising avenue for high-value biomass conversion into useful products through microbial processes. This study focuses on exploring new, high-value applications for olive leaves waste, utilizing a biotechnological approach with Lactobacillus casei for the production of second-generation lactic acid. Contrary to initial expectations, the inherent high polyphenol content and low fermentable glucose levels in olive leaves posed challenges for fermentation. Addressing this, an enzymatic hydrolysis step, following a preliminary extraction process, was implemented to increase glucose availability. Subsequent small-scale fermentation tests were conducted with and without nutrient supplements, identifying the medium that yielded the highest lactic acid production for scale-up. The scaled-up batch fermentation process achieved an enhanced conversion rate (83.58%) and specific productivity (0.26 g/L·h). This research confirms the feasibility of repurposing olive waste leaves for the production of lactic acid, contributing to the advancement of a greener economy through the valorization of agricultural waste. KEY POINTS: • Olive leaves slurry as it did not allow L. casei to ferment. • High concentrations of polyphenols inhibit fermentation of L. casei. • Enzymatic hydrolysis combined to organosolv extraction is the best pretreatment for lactic acid production starting from leaves and olive pruning waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gugel
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Filippo Marchetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Costa
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Ilenia Gugel
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Baldini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Vertuani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Manfredini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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2
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Arruda GL, Raymundo MTFR, Cruz-Santos MM, Shibukawa VP, Jofre FM, Prado CA, da Silva SS, Mussatto SI, Santos JC. Lignocellulosic materials valorization in second generation biorefineries: an opportunity to produce fungal biopigments. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38817002 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2349581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Second generation biorefineries play an important role in the production of renewable energy and fuels, utilizing forest and agro-industrial residues and by-products as raw materials. The integration of novel bioproducts, such as: xylitol, β-carotene, xylooligosaccharides, and biopigments into the biorefinery's portfolio can offer economic benefits in the valorization of lignocellulosic materials, particularly cellulosic and hemicellulosic fractions. Fungal biopigments, known for their additional antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, are appealing to consumers and can have applications in various industrial sectors, including food and pharmaceuticals. The use of lignocellulosic materials as carbon and nutrient sources for the growth medium helps to reduce production costs, increasing the competitiveness of fungal biopigments in the market. In addition, the implementation of biopigment production in biorefineries allows the utilization of underutilized fractions, such as hemicellulose, for value-added bioproducts. This study deals with the potential of fungal biopigments production in second generation biorefineries in order to diversify the produced biomolecules together with energy generation. A comprehensive and critical review of the recent literature on this topic has been conducted, covering the major possible raw materials, general aspects of second generation biorefineries, the fungal biopigments and their potential for incorporation into biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L Arruda
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, Brazil
| | | | - Mónica M Cruz-Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Vinícius P Shibukawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Fanny M Jofre
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Carina A Prado
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Silvio S da Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Solange I Mussatto
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Júlio C Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, Brazil
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3
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Razouk A, Tiganescu E, von Glahn AJ, Abdin AY, Nasim MJ, Jacob C. The future in the litter bin - bioconversion of food waste as driver of a circular bioeconomy. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1325190. [PMID: 38769990 PMCID: PMC11104270 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1325190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioconversion of organic waste requires the development and application of rather simple, yet robust technologies capable of transferring biomass into energy and sustainable materials for the future. Food waste plays a significant role in this process as its valorisation reduces waste and at the same time avoids additional exploitation of primary resources. Nonetheless, to literally become "litterate". extensive research into such robust large-scale methods is required. Here, we highlight some promising avenues and materials which fulfill these "waste to value" requirements, from various types of food waste as sustainable sources for biogas, bioethanol and biodiesel to fertilizers and antioxidants from grape pomace, from old-fashioned fermentation to the magic of anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Muhammad Jawad Nasim
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Claus Jacob
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
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4
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Teodoro KBR, Silva MJ, Andre RS, Schneider R, Martins MA, Mattoso LHC, Correa DS. Exploring the potential of cellulose autofluorescence for optical detection of tannin in red wines. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121494. [PMID: 37985086 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for opto-electronic devices within an automated landscape has opened up new opportunities for harnessing sustainable cellulose materials for sensors technology. Cellulose, a versatile material, enables its combination with other materials, but in most of these applications, cellulose is typically employed as support or substrate, while its inherent autofluorescence remains largely underexplored for sensors. In light of this context, this study delves into the autofluorescence characteristics of pristine cellulose nanocrystals extracted from wood via enzymatic route for optical sensors tailored to detect tannins. By fine-tuning the experimental setup, photoluminescence (PL) emission bands were scrutinized across three distinct spectral regions, namely 300-400 nm, 400-500 nm and 550-700 nm. The proposed mechanism reveals the occurrence of dynamic fluorescence quenching, which enabled the selective monitoring of tannins in red wines across a dynamic range spanning from 10 to 1060 μg mL-1. This sensing platform provided a limit of detection (LoD) of 6.1 μg mL-1. Notably, the sensing platform's efficacy was validated with remarkable recovery rates of 99.7 % and 95.3 % when subjected to testing with cabernet sauvignon and tannat wines. These findings emphasize the sensing platform's potential for monitoring tannic acids in beverages and food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelcilene B R Teodoro
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maycon J Silva
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; PPGQ, Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela S Andre
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Schneider
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; PPGQ, Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria A Martins
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz H C Mattoso
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel S Correa
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Ramos MDN, Sandri JP, Claes A, Carvalho BT, Thevelein JM, Zangirolami TC, Milessi TS. Effective application of immobilized second generation industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain on consolidated bioprocessing. N Biotechnol 2023; 78:153-161. [PMID: 37913920 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Integrated bioprocessing strategies can facilitate ethanol production from both cellulose and hemicellulose fractions of lignocellulosic biomass. Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) is an approach that combines enzyme production, biomass hydrolysis and sugar fermentation in a single step. However, technologies that propose the use of microorganisms together with solid biomass present the difficulty of the recovery and reuse of the biocatalyst, which can be overcome by cell immobilization. In this regard, this work applied immobilized cells of AC14 yeast, a recombinant yeast that secretes 7 hydrolytic enzymes, in the CBP process in a successful proof-of-concept for the enzyme access to the substrate polymers. The most appropriate cell load for CBP under the conditions studied with immobilized cells was selected among three optical densities (OD) 10, 55 and 100. These experiments were performed with free cells to ensure that the results were not biased by mass limitations effects. OD 10 achieved 100% of the sugar consumption and the higher specific production of enzymes, being selected for further studies. Diffusional effects were observed with immobilized cells under static conditions. However, mass transfer limitations were mitigated under agitation, with an 18.5% increase in substrate consumption rate (from 2.7 to 3.5 g/L/h), reaching the same substrate uptake rates as free cells. In addition, immobilized cells achieved 100% hydrolysis and consumption of all substrates offered within only 12 h. Overall, this is the first report of a successful application of immobilized yeast cells in CBP processes for bioethanol production, a promising technology that can be extended to other biorefinery bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio D N Ramos
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (PPGEQ-UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana P Sandri
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (PPGEQ-UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Arne Claes
- NovelYeast bv, Bio-Incubator BIO4, Gaston Geenslaan 3, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bruna T Carvalho
- NovelYeast bv, Bio-Incubator BIO4, Gaston Geenslaan 3, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Johan M Thevelein
- NovelYeast bv, Bio-Incubator BIO4, Gaston Geenslaan 3, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Teresa C Zangirolami
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (PPGEQ-UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais S Milessi
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (PPGEQ-UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Graduate Program of Energy Engineering, Institute of Natural Resources, Federal University of Itajubá, Av. Benedito Pereira dos Santos, 1303, 37500-903 Itajubá, MG, Brazil.
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6
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Naeem M, Imran M, Latif S, Ashraf A, Hussain N, Boczkaj G, Smułek W, Jesionowski T, Bilal M. Multifunctional catalyst-assisted sustainable reformation of lignocellulosic biomass into environmentally friendly biofuel and value-added chemicals. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 330:138633. [PMID: 37030343 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Rapid urbanization is increasing the world's energy demand, making it necessary to develop alternative energy sources. These growing energy needs can be met by the efficient energy conversion of biomass, which can be done by various means. The use of effective catalysts to transform different types of biomasses will be a paradigm change on the road to the worldwide goal of economic sustainability and environmental protection. The development of alternative energy from biomass is not easy, due to the uneven and complex components present in lignocellulose; accordingly, the majority of biomass is currently processed as waste. The problems may be overcome by the design of multifunctional catalysts, offering adequate control over product selectivity and substrate activation. Hence, this review describes recent developments involving various catalysts such as metallic oxides, supported metal or composite metal oxides, char-based and carbon-based substances, metal carbides and zeolites, with reference to the catalytic conversion of biomass including cellulose, hemicellulose, biomass tar, lignin and their derivative compounds into useful products, including bio-oil, gases, hydrocarbons, and fuels. The main aim is to provide an overview of the latest work on the use of catalysts for successful conversion of biomass. The review ends with conclusions and suggestions for future research, which will assist researchers in utilizing these catalysts for the safe conversion of biomass into valuable chemicals and other products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Shoomaila Latif
- School of Physical Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland; EkoTech Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Wojciech Smułek
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland.
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7
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San Martin D, Ibarruri J, Luengo N, Ferrer J, García-Rodríguez A, Goiri I, Atxaerandio R, Medjadbi M, Zufía J, Sáez de Cámara E, Iñarra B. Evaluation of Valorisation Strategies to Improve Spent Coffee Grounds' Nutritional Value as an Ingredient for Ruminants' Diets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091477. [PMID: 37174514 PMCID: PMC10177294 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin in animal diets is a limiting factor due to its low digestibility. This study assessed the effects of thermal or mechanical pre-treatments and enzymatic hydrolysis on spent coffee grounds' (SCG) nutritional value and digestibility. A first trial studied the effect of thermal pre-treatment and hydrolysis with removal of the liquid part and a second trial studied mechanical pre-treatment and hydrolysis with and without removal of the liquid part. Autoclaving did not improve the enzymatic performance nor the nutritional value. Hydrolysis reduced the digestibility of the solid phase and impaired its ruminal fermentation efficiency. Hydrolysates without removing the liquid part improved its nutritional value, but not compared with unprocessed SCG. Grinding increased crude protein and reduced crude fibre and protein, which led to greater fermentation and in vitro digestibility. Thus, grinding emerges as the most promising valorisation strategy to improve SCG nutritional characteristics and their use for animal feed, contributing to the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David San Martin
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Jone Ibarruri
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Nagore Luengo
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Jorge Ferrer
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Aser García-Rodríguez
- NEIKER, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute s/n, 01192 Arkaute, Spain
| | - Idoia Goiri
- NEIKER, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute s/n, 01192 Arkaute, Spain
| | - Raquel Atxaerandio
- NEIKER, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute s/n, 01192 Arkaute, Spain
| | - Mounir Medjadbi
- NEIKER, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute s/n, 01192 Arkaute, Spain
| | - Jaime Zufía
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Sáez de Cámara
- Faculty of Engineering Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Ingeniero Torres Quevedo Plaza, 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Bruno Iñarra
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
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Srivastava RK, Nedungadi SV, Akhtar N, Sarangi PK, Subudhi S, Shadangi KP, Govarthanan M. Effective hydrolysis for waste plant biomass impacts sustainable fuel and reduced air pollution generation: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160260. [PMID: 36400296 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Among various natural biowastes availability in the environment, agricultural residues showed great impacts. It is due to huge availability and cheap carbon source, creating big challenges for their utility and systematic reduction. Objective of this review is to address the waste biomass availability and huge quantities issues and also put effort to minimize this nutrient load via biotransforming into value-added products. Different wastes (organic/inorganic) generation with their negative issues are due to numbers of developmental and social activities, reported. Currently, various efforts are found for these wastes minimization via generation of different types of value-added products (biogas, bioH2, alcoholic fuel, organic acids and others products) and these wastes in municipal cities are also reported with production of advanced biofuels as promising outcomes. For hydrolysis of complex organic resources including lignocellulosic biomasses, physicochemical, structural or compositional changes are needed that aid in conversion into sugar and organic compounds such as biofuels. So, efficient and effective pretreatment processes selection (physical, biological, chemical or combined one) is critical to achieve these hydrolysis goals and resultant cellulose or hemicellulose components can be accessible by biological catalysis. These can achieve final hydrolysis and fermentative or monomer sugars. And later, synthesis of fuels or value-added products during microbial fermentation or biotransformation processes can be achieved. This review discusses pretreatment techniques for improved hydrolysis for fermentative sugar with emphasis on reduced quantities of toxic compounds (furfural compound) in hydrolyzed biomasses. Minimum deterioration fuel economy also reported with production of different bioproducts including biofuels. Additionally, impacts of toxic products and gasses emission are also discussed with their minimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Technology, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Visakhapatnam 530045, India.
| | - Sruthy Vineed Nedungadi
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Technology, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Visakhapatnam 530045, India
| | - Nasim Akhtar
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Technology, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Visakhapatnam 530045, India
| | | | - Sanjukta Subudhi
- Advanced Biofuels program, The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, Habitat Place, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India
| | - Krushna Prasad Shadangi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600 077, India
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9
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Castro-Ochoa LD, Hernández-Leyva SR, Medina-Godoy S, Gómez-Rodríguez J, Aguilar-Uscanga MG, Castro-Martínez C. Integration of agricultural residues as biomass source to saccharification bioprocess and for the production of cellulases from filamentous fungi. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:43. [PMID: 36643402 PMCID: PMC9834466 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of second-generation bioethanol has several challenges, among them finding cheap and efficient enzymes for a sustainable process. In this work, we analyzed two native fungi, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Penicillium funiculosum, as a source of cellulolytic enzyme production, and corn stover, wheat bran, chickpeas, and bean straw as a carbon source in two fermentation systems: submerged and solid fermentation. Corn stover was selected for cellulase production in both fermentation systems, because we found the highest enzymatic activities when carboxymethyl cellulase activity (CMCase) was assessed using CMC as substrate. C. cladosporioides showed the highest CMCase activity (1.6 U/mL), while P. funiculosum had the highest filter paper activity (Fpase) (0.39 U/mL). The ß-glucosidase activities produced by both fungi were similar in submerged fermentation using corn stover as substrate. Through in-gel zymography, three polypeptides with cellulolytic activities were identified in each fungus: with molecular weights of ~ 38, 45 and 70 kDa in C. cladosporioides and ~ 21, 63 and 100 kDa in P. funiculosum. The best results for saccharification (10.11 g/L of reducing sugars) of diluted acid pretreated corn stover were obtained after 36 h of the hydrolytic process at pH 5 and 50 °C using the enzyme extract of P. funiculosum. This is the first report of cellulase identification in C. cladosporioides and the saccharification of corn stover using enzymes of this fungus. Enzymatic extracts of C. cladosporioides and P. funiculosum obtained from low-cost lignocellulosic biomass have great potential for use in the production of second-generation bioethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lelie Denise Castro-Ochoa
- Departamento de Biotecnología Agrícola, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR Sinaloa, Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes No. 250. Col. San Joachin, CP 81101 Guasave, Sinaloa México
| | - Sandy Rocío Hernández-Leyva
- Departamento de Biotecnología Agrícola, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR Sinaloa, Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes No. 250. Col. San Joachin, CP 81101 Guasave, Sinaloa México
| | - Sergio Medina-Godoy
- Departamento de Biotecnología Agrícola, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR Sinaloa, Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes No. 250. Col. San Joachin, CP 81101 Guasave, Sinaloa México
| | - Javier Gómez-Rodríguez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos (UNIDA), H. Veracruz, México
| | - María Guadalupe Aguilar-Uscanga
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos (UNIDA), H. Veracruz, México
| | - Claudia Castro-Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Agrícola, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR Sinaloa, Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes No. 250. Col. San Joachin, CP 81101 Guasave, Sinaloa México
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10
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Improved Sugar Recovery of Alkaline Pre-Treated Pineapple Leaf Fibres via Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Its Enzymatic Kinetics. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8110640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The biofibre complex structure in pineapple leaf fibres (PALFs) can be disrupted using the alkaline pre-treatment method with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Nonetheless, the pre-treated structures have an impact on the bioconversion of PALFs into sugar. Thus, the impact necessitates precise reaction conditions, which are required for the enzymatic hydrolysis of PALFs. In this study, the Box–Behnken design (BBD) was utilised to achieve maximum sugar yield from PALFs. The optimised enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were 229 µg/mL of cellulase, a reaction temperature of 45 °C, and a hydrolysis time of 69 h. Resultantly, an 84% increase in sugar yield was observed, from 17.26 mg/mL to 108.74 mg/mL after the optimisation process. Moreover, a significant influence (p = 0.0009) of the enzymatic hydrolysis on hydrolysis time and temperature was observed. Additionally, the kinetic study analysis of NaOH pre-treatment and the enzymatic hydrolysis process were investigated. The kinetics of enzyme concentrations on total reducing sugar (TRS) production using an insoluble substrate were investigated based on modified Michaelis–Menten and Chrastil models. The result of the models is in good agreement with the experimental data, as the PALF hydrolysis process was reasonably well predicted. This study provides valuable information for predicting the sugar yield of the PALF bioconversion.
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11
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Serra LA, da Silva Cruz RG, Gutierrez DMR, Cruz AJG, Canizares CAT, Chen X, Mosier N, Thompson D, Aston J, Dooley J, Sharma P, De Marco JL, de Almeida JRM, Erk K, Ximenes E, Ladisch MR. Screening method for Enzyme-based liquefaction of corn stover pellets at high solids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127999. [PMID: 36152978 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Liquefaction of high solid loadings of unpretreated corn stover pellets has been demonstrated with rheology of the resulting slurries enabling mixing and movement within biorefinery bioreactors. However, some forms of pelleted stover do not readily liquefy, so it is important to screen out lots of unsuitable pellets before processing is initiated. This work reports a laboratory assay that rapidly assesses whether pellets have the potential for enzyme-based liquefaction at high solids loadings. Twenty-eight pelleted corn stover (harvested at the same time and location) were analyzed using 20 mL enzyme solutions (3 FPU cellulase/ g biomass) at 30 % w/v solids loading. Imaging together with measurement of reducing sugars were performed over 24-hours. Some samples formed concentrated slurries of 300 mg/mL (dry basis) in the small-scale assay, which was later confirmed in an agitated bioreactor. Also, the laboratory assay showed potential for optimizing enzyme formulations that could be employed for slurry formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Assis Serra
- Purdue University/ Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE), West Lafayette, IN, USA; University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Rosineide Gomes da Silva Cruz
- Purdue University/ Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE), West Lafayette, IN, USA; São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Diana M R Gutierrez
- Purdue University/ Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE), West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Antonio José Gonçalves Cruz
- Purdue University/ Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE), West Lafayette, IN, USA; São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Xueli Chen
- Purdue University/ Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE), West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nathan Mosier
- Purdue University/ Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE), West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - John Aston
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, USA
| | | | - Pankaj Sharma
- Purdue University/ Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE), West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Kendra Erk
- Purdue University/School of Materials Engineering, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Eduardo Ximenes
- Purdue University/ Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE), West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michael R Ladisch
- Purdue University/ Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE), West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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12
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Wu L, Wei W, Liu X, Wang D, Ni BJ. Potentiality of recovering bioresource from food waste through multi-stage Co-digestion with enzymatic pretreatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115777. [PMID: 35982572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Food waste (FW) is not only a major social, nutritional and environmental issue, but also an underutilized resource with significant energy, which has not been fully explored currently. Considering co-digestion can adjust carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) of the feedstock and improve the synergetic interactions among microorganisms, anaerobic co-digestion (AnCoD) is then becoming an emerging approach to achieve higher energy recovery from FW while ensuring the stability of the system. To obtain higher economic gain from such biodegradable wastes, increasing attention has been paid on optimizing the system configuration or applying enzymatic hydrolysis before digesting FW. A better understanding on the potentiality of correlating enzymatic pretreatment and AnCoD operated in various system configuration would enhance the bioresource recovery from FW and increase revenue through treating this organic waste. Specifically, the biobased chemicals outputs from FW-related co-digestion system with different configuration were firstly compared in this review. A deep discussion concerning the challenges for achieving bioresources recovery from FW co-digestion systems with enzymatic pretreatment was then given. Recommendations for future studies regarding FW co-digestion were then proposed at last.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Xuran Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Dongbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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13
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Nair LG, Agrawal K, Verma P. An insight into the principles of lignocellulosic biomass-based zero-waste biorefineries: a green leap towards imperishable energy-based future. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022; 38:288-338. [PMID: 35670485 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2082223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is an energy source that has a huge impact in today's world. The depletion of fossil fuels, increased pollution, climatic changes, etc. have led the public and private sectors to move towards sustainability i.e. using LCB for the production of biofuels and value-added compounds. A major bottleneck of the process is the recalcitrant nature of LCB. This can be overcome by using various pretreatment strategies like physical, chemical, biological, physicochemical, etc. Further, the pretreated biomass is made to undergo various steps like hydrolysis, saccharification, etc. for the conversion of value-added products and the remaining waste residues can be further utilized for the synthesis of secondary products thus favouring the zero-waste biorefinery concept. Currently, microorganisms are being explored for their use in biorefinery but the unavailability of commercial strains is a major limitation. Thus, the use of metagenomics can be used to overcome the limitation which is both cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The review deliberates the composition of LCBs, and their recalcitrance nature, followed by the structural changes caused by various pretreatment methods. The further steps in biorefineries, strategies for the development of zero-waste refineries, bottlenecks, and suggestions are also discussed. Special emphasis is given to the use of metagenomics for the discovery of microorganisms efficient for zero-waste biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshana G Nair
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, India
| | - Komal Agrawal
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, India
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, India
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14
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Cao C, Zhu Z, Xu C, Gong W, Zhou Y, Yan L, Hu Z, Xie C, Peng Y. Improving saccharification of ramie stalks by synergistic effect of in-house cellulolytic enzymes consortium. AMB Express 2022; 12:119. [PMID: 36114307 PMCID: PMC9481857 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The high cost of cellulase is one of the main obstacles hindering the large-scale biorefining of lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, developing efficient method for preparation of cellulase is promising. In the present study, the production of cellulase by Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma harzianum, and Aspergillus niger was optimized, and the synergistic effect of these cellulase on enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated ramie stalks was also evaluated. The maximum CMCase (Carboxymethyl Cellulase) and filter paper activity (FPA) produced by T. reesei reached to 3.12 IU/mL and 0.13 IU/mL, respectively. The maximum activities of CMCase (3.68 IU/mL), FPA (0.04 IU/mL) and β-glucosidase (8.44 IU/mL) were obtained from A. niger. The results also showed that under the premise of the same FPA activity, the contribution of β-glucosidase activity to yield of reducing sugar was greater than that of CMCase. Besides, cellulase produced by T. reesei and A. niger had the best synergistic effect on enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated ramie stalks. The highest reducing sugars yield (417 mg/g dry substrate) was achieved when enzyme cocktail was prepared at the ratio of 1:1, which was 1.36–3.35 folds higher than that of different single enzymes. The present research has provided a novel method for efficient preparation of enzymes consortium for enzymatic hydrolysis of ramie stalks.
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15
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Kumar Saini J, Himanshu, Hemansi, Kaur A, Mathur A. Strategies to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for biorefinery applications: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127517. [PMID: 35772718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global interest in lignocellulosic biorefineries has increased in the recent past due to technological advancements in sustainable and cost-effective production of numerous commodity and speciality chemicals and fuels from renewable lignocellulosic biomass (LCB). As a result, the market value of biorefinery products has also increased over the time, with an estimated worth of USD 867.7 billion by 2025. However, biorefinery operations, especially enzymatic hydrolysis, suffer from many challenges that limits the cost-effectiveness of conversion of LCB. Therefore, it is essential to understand and address these challenges in future biorefineries. The paper focuses on recent trends and challenges in enzymatic hydrolysis of LCB during lignocellulosic biorefinery operation for greener synthesis of energy, fuels, chemicals and other high-value products. Insights into the gaps in knowledge and technological challenges have also been addressed together with focus on future research needs and perspectives of enzymatic hydrolysis of LCB for biorefinery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar Saini
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana PIN-123031, India.
| | - Himanshu
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana PIN-123031, India
| | - Hemansi
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana PIN-123031, India; Research & Development Office, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana PIN- 131029, India
| | - Amanjot Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana PIN-123031, India
| | - Aayush Mathur
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana PIN-123031, India
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16
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Gul B, Khan S, Ahmad I. Extraction of phytochemicals from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seeds by enzymatic hydrolysis. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.17007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Banat Gul
- National University of Science and Technology (NUST) Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Shamim Khan
- Department of Physics Islamia College Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM) Peshawar Pakistan
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17
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Abstract
The single cell protein (SCP) technique has become a popular technology in recent days, which addresses two major issues: increasing world protein deficiency with increasing world population and the generation of substantial industrial wastes with an increased production rate. Global fruit production has increased over the decades. The non-edible parts of fruits are discarded as wastes into the environment, which may result in severe environmental issues. These fruit wastes are rich in fermentable sugars and other essential nutrients, which can be effectively utilized by microorganisms as an energy source to produce microbial protein. Taking this into consideration, this review explores the use of fruit wastes as a substrate for SCP production. Many studies reported that the wastes from various fruits such as orange, sweet orange, mango, banana, pomegranate, pineapple, grapes, watermelon, papaya, and many others are potential substrates for SCP production. These SCPs can be used as a protein supplement in human foods or animal feeds. This paper discusses various aspects in regard to the potential of fruit wastes as a substrate for SCP production.
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18
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Madadian E, Rahimi J, Mohebbi M, Simakov DS. Grape Pomace as an Energy Source for the Food Industry: A Thermochemical and Kinetic Analysis. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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19
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El-Gendi H, Saleh AK, Badierah R, Redwan EM, El-Maradny YA, El-Fakharany EM. A Comprehensive Insight into Fungal Enzymes: Structure, Classification, and Their Role in Mankind's Challenges. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 8:23. [PMID: 35049963 PMCID: PMC8778853 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes have played a crucial role in mankind's challenges to use different types of biological systems for a diversity of applications. They are proteins that break down and convert complicated compounds to produce simple products. Fungal enzymes are compatible, efficient, and proper products for many uses in medicinal requests, industrial processing, bioremediation purposes, and agricultural applications. Fungal enzymes have appropriate stability to give manufactured products suitable shelf life, affordable cost, and approved demands. Fungal enzymes have been used from ancient times to today in many industries, including baking, brewing, cheese making, antibiotics production, and commodities manufacturing, such as linen and leather. Furthermore, they also are used in other fields such as paper production, detergent, the textile industry, and in drinks and food technology in products manufacturing ranging from tea and coffee to fruit juice and wine. Recently, fungi have been used for the production of more than 50% of the needed enzymes. Fungi can produce different types of enzymes extracellularly, which gives a great chance for producing in large amounts with low cost and easy viability in purified forms using simple purification methods. In the present review, a comprehensive trial has been advanced to elaborate on the different types and structures of fungal enzymes as well as the current status of the uses of fungal enzymes in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada El-Gendi
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Universities and Research Institutes Zone, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed K. Saleh
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Raied Badierah
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (E.M.R.)
- Medical Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (E.M.R.)
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Yousra A. El-Maradny
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Esmail M. El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
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20
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Hu Y, Li H, Ran Q, Liu J, Zhou S, Qiao Q, Song H, Peng F, Jiang Z. Effect of carbohydrate binding modules alterations on catalytic activity of glycoside hydrolase family 6 exoglucanase from Chaetomium thermophilum to cellulose. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:222-229. [PMID: 34508724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exoglucanase (CBH) is the rate limiting enzyme in the process of cellulose degradation. The carbohydrate binding module (CBM) can improve the accessibility of cellulase to substrate, thereby promoting the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulase. In this study, the influence of CBM on the properties of GH6 exoglucanase from Chaetomium thermophilum (CtCBH) is systematically explored from three perspectives: the fusion of exogenous CBM, the exogenous CBM replacement of its own CBM, and the deletion of its own CBM. The parental and reconstructed CtCBH presented the same optimum pH (6.0) and temperature (60 °C) for maximum activity. Fusion of exogenous CBM increased the binding capacity of CtCBH to Avicel by 8% and 9%, respectively, but it had no significant effect on its catalytic activity. The exogenous CBM replacement of its own CBM resulted in a 12% reduction in the binding ability of CtCBH to Avicel, and a 26% reduction in the catalytic activity of Avicel. The deletion of its own CBM significantly reduced the binding ability of CtCBH to Avicel by approximately 53%, but its catalytic activity was not obviously reduced. These observations suggest that binding ability of CBM is not necessary for the catalysis of CtCBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Huanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Qiuping Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Jiashu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Shanna Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Qiming Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Huiting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Fang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Zhengbing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
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da Luz Morales M, Almeida LF, de Souza Ladeira Àzar RI, Guimarães VM, Alfenas RF, Maitan-Alfenas GP. First report on the enzymatic profile of Kretzschmaria zonata. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:398. [PMID: 34422539 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes from phytopathogenic fungi are desirable for biotechnological applications and a highly virulent phytopathogen shows great appeal for enzymes production. To assess the biotechnological potential of Kretzschmaria zonata, a plant pathogenic fungus, we analyzed its enzymatic profile after growth on six different types of lignocellulosic biomasses. The fungus was able to produce a wide variety of enzymes with superior xylanase activity. The corn cob induced the highest specific activity of xylanase, 56.30 U/mg of protein, as well as other important enzymatic activities such as endoglucanase, 11.20 U/mg of protein; pectinase, 4.52 U/mg of protein; and β-glucosidase, 2.77 U/mg of protein. The highest release of xylose, 0.88 g/L, was observed after saccharification of 10% of alkaline pretreated sugarcane bagasse by a commercial cocktail supplemented with the crude extract from K. zonata after growth on corn cob. The fungus extract is rich in hemicellulases and accessory enzymes and the result showed synergism between the enzymes present in the commercial mixture and in the K. zonata extract. This is the first report concerning the biotechnological potential of the fungus K. zonata, especially regarding to its ability to produce plant biomass degrading enzymes related to second generation ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marciana da Luz Morales
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78.060-900, Cuiabá, MT Brazil
| | - Lucas Filipe Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900 Brazil
| | | | - Valéria Monteze Guimarães
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900 Brazil
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22
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Recent Advances in the Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Lignocellulosic Feedstocks. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080807. [PMID: 34440551 PMCID: PMC8398495 DOI: 10.3390/life11080807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are biodegradable polymers that are considered able to replace synthetic plastic because their biochemical characteristics are in some cases the same as other biodegradable polymers. However, due to the disadvantages of costly and non-renewable carbon sources, the production of PHA has been lower in the industrial sector against conventional plastics. At the same time, first-generation sugar-based cultivated feedstocks as substrates for PHA production threatens food security and considerably require other resources such as land and energy. Therefore, attempts have been made in pursuit of suitable sustainable and affordable sources of carbon to reduce production costs. Thus, in this review, we highlight utilising waste lignocellulosic feedstocks (LF) as a renewable and inexpensive carbon source to produce PHA. These waste feedstocks, second-generation plant lignocellulosic biomass, such as maize stoves, dedicated energy crops, rice straws, wood chips, are commonly available renewable biomass sources with a steady supply of about 150 billion tonnes per year of global yield. The generation of PHA from lignocellulose is still in its infancy, hence more screening of lignocellulosic materials and improvements in downstream processing and substrate pre-treatment are needed in the future to further advance the biopolymer sector.
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Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation of Banana Pseudostem Hydrolysate to Produce Bioethanol. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:5543104. [PMID: 34335778 PMCID: PMC8294991 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5543104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Banana pseudostem (BPS) is an agricultural waste with a high holocellulose content, which, upon hydrolysis, releases fermentable sugars that can be used for bioethanol production. Different pretreatment methods, namely, 3% (w/v) NaOH, 5% (v/v) H2SO4, and liquid hot water, applied on the BPS resulted in the availability of 52%, 48%, and 25% cellulose after treatment, respectively. Saccharification of the pretreated BPS with 10 FPU/g dry solids (29.3 mg protein/g d.s) crude enzyme from Trichoderma harzianum LMLBP07 13-5 at 50°C and a substrate loading of 10 to 15% released 3.8 to 21.8 g/L and from T. longibrachiatum LMLSAUL 14-1 released 5.4 to 43.5 g/L glucose to the biomass. Ethanol was produced through separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) of alkaline pretreated BPS hydrolysate using Saccharomyces cerevisiae UL01 at 30°C and 100 rpm. Highest ethanol produced was 17.6 g/L. Banana pseudostem was shown as a potentially cheap substrate for bioethanol production.
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Rahimian Gavaseraei H, Hasanzadeh R, Afsharnezhad M, Foroutan Kalurazi A, Shahangian SS, Aghamaali MR, Aminzadeh S. Identification, heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of a novel cellulase-free xylanase B from the thermophilic bacterium Cohnella sp.A01. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Bertacchi S, Jayaprakash P, Morrissey JP, Branduardi P. Interdependence between lignocellulosic biomasses, enzymatic hydrolysis and yeast cell factories in biorefineries. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:985-995. [PMID: 34289233 PMCID: PMC8913906 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biorefineries have a pivotal role in the bioeconomy scenario for the transition from fossil‐based processes towards more sustainable ones relying on renewable resources. Lignocellulose is a prominent feedstock since its abundance and relatively low cost. Microorganisms are often protagonists of biorefineries, as they contribute both to the enzymatic degradation of lignocellulose complex polymers and to the fermentative conversion of the hydrolyzed biomasses into fine and bulk chemicals. Enzymes have therefore become crucial for the development of sustainable biorefineries, being able to provide nutrients to cells from lignocellulose. Enzymatic hydrolysis can be performed by a portfolio of natural enzymes that degrade lignocellulose, often combined into cocktails. As enzymes can be deployed in different operative settings, such as separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), their characteristics need to be combined with microbial ones to maximize the process. We therefore reviewed how the optimization of lignocellulose enzymatic hydrolysis can ameliorate bioethanol production when Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used as cell factory. Expanding beyond biofuels, enzymatic cocktail optimization can also be pivotal to unlock the potential of non‐Saccharomyces yeasts, which, thanks to broader substrate utilization, inhibitor resistance and peculiar metabolism, can widen the array of feedstocks and products of biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bertacchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano, 20126, Italy
| | - Pooja Jayaprakash
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano, 20126, Italy.,School of Microbiology, Environmental Research Institute, APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - John P Morrissey
- School of Microbiology, Environmental Research Institute, APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Paola Branduardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano, 20126, Italy
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Optimisation of xylanases production by two Cellulomonas strains and their use for biomass deconstruction. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4577-4588. [PMID: 34019113 PMCID: PMC8195749 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract One of the main distinguishing features of bacteria belonging to the Cellulomonas genus is their ability to secrete multiple polysaccharide degrading enzymes. However, their application in biomass deconstruction still constitutes a challenge. We addressed the optimisation of the xylanolytic activities in extracellular enzymatic extracts of Cellulomonas sp. B6 and Cellulomonas fimi B-402 for their subsequent application in lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis by culture in several substrates. As demonstrated by secretomic profiling, wheat bran and waste paper resulted to be suitable inducers for the secretion of xylanases of Cellulomonas sp. B6 and C. fimi B-402, respectively. Both strains showed high xylanolytic activity in culture supernatant although Cellulomonas sp. B6 was the most efficient xylanolytic strain. Upscaling from flasks to fermentation in a bench scale bioreactor resulted in equivalent production of extracellular xylanolytic enzymatic extracts and freeze drying was a successful method for concentration and conservation of the extracellular enzymes, retaining 80% activity. Moreover, enzymatic cocktails composed of combined extra and intracellular extracts effectively hydrolysed the hemicellulose fraction of extruded barley straw into xylose and xylooligosaccharides. Key points • Secreted xylanase activity of Cellulomonas sp. B6 and C. fimi was maximised. • Biomass-induced extracellular enzymes were identified by proteomic profiling. • Combinations of extra and intracellular extracts were used for barley straw hydrolysis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11305-y.
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Oliveira Monteiro LM, Vici AC, Messias JM, Heinen PR, Pinheiro VE, Vargas Rechia CG, Buckeridge MS, Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli MDL. Increased Malbranchea pulchella β-glucosidase production and its application in agroindustrial residue hydrolysis: A research based on experimental designs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e00618. [PMID: 33981591 PMCID: PMC8081928 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucosidases are a limiting factor for the biomass saccharification. β-Glucosidase was produced from thermophilic fungus Malbranchea pulchella. Enzyme production was optimized using composite central designs and response surface. Optimal production was obtained with 0.6 % cellobiose plus 4.0 % sugarcane bagasse (SCB). Application of Mixture Design with SCB, soybean hull and barley bagasse were tested.
β-Glucosidases are a limiting factor in the conversion of cellulose to glucose for the subsequent ethanol production. Here, β-glucosidase production by Malbranchea pulchella was optimized using Composite Central Designs and Response Surface Methodologies from a medium designed. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.9960, F-value was very high, and the lack of fit was found to be non-significant. This indicates a statistic valid and predictive result. M. pulchella enzymatic extract was successfully tested as an enzymatic cocktail in a mixture design using sugarcane bagasse, soybean hull and barley bagasse. We proved that the optimization of the β-glucosidase production and the application in hydrolysis using unexpansive biomass and agricultural wastes can be accomplished by means of statistical methodologies. The strategy presented here can be useful for the improvement of enzyme production and the hydrolysis process, arising as an alternative for bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lummy Maria Oliveira Monteiro
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Vici
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Josana Maria Messias
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Heinen
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Elisa Pinheiro
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carem Gledes Vargas Rechia
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos S Buckeridge
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Matão Street, 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Effect of the age of Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes on the release of simple sugars. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bioethanol Production by Enzymatic Hydrolysis from Different Lignocellulosic Sources. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030753. [PMID: 33535536 PMCID: PMC7867074 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the need for non-renewable sources such as fossil fuels has increased during the last few decades, the search for sustainable and renewable alternative sources has gained growing interest. Enzymatic hydrolysis in bioethanol production presents an important step, where sugars that are fermented are obtained in the final fermentation process. In the process of enzymatic hydrolysis, more and more new effective enzymes are being researched to ensure a more cost-effective process. There are many different enzyme strategies implemented in hydrolysis protocols, where different lignocellulosic biomass, such as wood feedstocks, different agricultural wastes, and marine algae are being used as substrates for an efficient bioethanol production. This review investigates the very recent enzymatic hydrolysis pathways in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass.
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Co-feeding glucose with either gluconate or galacturonate during clostridial fermentations provides metabolic fine-tuning capabilities. Sci Rep 2021; 11:29. [PMID: 33420096 PMCID: PMC7794554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 effectively utilizes a wide range of substrates to produce commodity chemicals. When grown on substrates of different oxidation states, the organism exhibits different recycling needs of reduced intracellular electron carrying co-factors. Ratios of substrates with different oxidation states were used to modulate the need to balance electron carriers and demonstrate fine-tuned control of metabolic output. Three different oxidized substrates were first fed singularly, then in different ratios to three different strains of Clostridium sp. Growth was most robust when fed glucose in exclusive fermentations. However, the use of the other two more oxidized substrates was strain-dependent in exclusive feeds. In glucose-galacturonate mixed fermentation, the main products (acetate and butyrate) were dependant on the ratios of the substrates. Exclusive fermentation on galacturonate was nearly homoacetic. Co-utilization of galacturonate and glucose was observed from the onset of fermentation in growth conditions using both substrates combined, with the proportion of galacturonate present dictating the amount of acetate produced. For all three strains, increasing galacturonate content (%) in a mixture of galacturonate and glucose from 0 to 50, and 100, resulted in a corresponding increase in the amount of acetate produced. For example, C. acetobutylicum increased from ~ 10 mM to ~ 17 mM, and then ~ 23 mM. No co-utilization was observed when galacturonate was replaced with gluconate in the two substrate co-feed.
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High temperature simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of corn stover for efficient butanol production by a thermotolerant Clostridium acetobutylicum. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Alokika, Anu, Kumar A, Kumar V, Singh B. Cellulosic and hemicellulosic fractions of sugarcane bagasse: Potential, challenges and future perspective. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:564-582. [PMID: 33385447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse is a rich source of cellulose (32-45%), hemicellulose (20-32%) and lignin (17-32%), 1.0-9.0% ash and some extractives. Huge amount of the generation of sugarcane bagasse has been a great challenge to industries and environment at global level for many years. Though cellulosic and hemicellulosic fractions in bagasse makes it a potential raw substrate for the production of value-added products at large scale, the presence of lignin hampers its saccharification which further leads to low yields of the value-added products. Therefore, an appropriate pretreatment strategy is of utmost importance that effectively solubilizes the lignin that exposes cellulose and hemicellulose for enzymatic action. Pretreatment also reduces the biomass recalcitrance i.e., cellulose crystallinity, structural complexity of cell wall and lignification for its effective utilization in biorefinery. Sugarcane bagasse served as nutrient medium for the cultivation of diverse microorganisms for the production of industrially important metabolites including enzymes, reducing sugars, prebiotic, organic acids and biofuels. Sugarcane bagasse has been utilized in the generation of electricity, syngas and as biosorbant in the bioremediation of heavy metals. Furthermore, the ash generated from bagasse is an excellent source for the synthesis of high strength and light weight bricks and tiles. Present review describes the utility of sugarcane bagasse as sustainable and renewable lignocellulosic substrate for the production of industrially important multifarious value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alokika
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Anu
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Botany, Pt. N.R.S. Govt. College, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Bijender Singh
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India; Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India.
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Maize Silage Pretreatment via Steam Refining and Subsequent Enzymatic Hydrolysis for the Production of Fermentable Carbohydrates. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25246022. [PMID: 33352640 PMCID: PMC7767005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize, also called corn, is one of the most available feedstocks worldwide for lignocellulosic biorefineries. However, a permanent biomass supply over the year is essential for industrial biorefinery application. In that context, ensiling is a well-known agricultural application to produce durable animal feed for the whole year. In this study, ensiled maize was used for steam refining experiments with subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis using the Cellic® CTec2 to test the application possibilities of an ensiled material for the biorefinery purpose of fermentable carbohydrate production. Steam refining was conducted from mild (log R0 = 1.59) to severe conditions (log R0 = 4.12). The yields were determined, and the resulting fractions were characterized. Hereafter, enzymatic hydrolysis of the solid fiber fraction was conducted, and the carbohydrate recovery was calculated. A conversion to monomers of around 50% was found for the mildest pretreatment (log R0 = 1.59). After pretreatment at the highest severity of 4.12, it was possible to achieve a conversion of 100% of the theoretical available carbohydrates. From these results, it is clear that a sufficient pretreatment is necessary to achieve sufficient recovery rates. Thus, it can be concluded that ensiled maize pretreated by steam refining is a suitable and highly available feedstock for lignocellulosic biorefineries. Ultimately, it can be assumed that ensiling is a promising storage method to pave the way for a full-year biomass supply for lignocellulosic biorefinery concepts.
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Abdulsattar MO, Abdulsattar JO, Greenway GM, Welham KJ, Zein SH. Optimization of pH as a strategy to improve enzymatic saccharification of wheat straw for enhancing bioethanol production. J Anal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-020-00217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn this work, wheat straw (WS) was used as a lignocellulosic substrate to investigate the influence of pH on enzymatic saccharification. The optimum enzymatic hydrolysis occurred at pH range 5.8–6.0, instead of 4.8–5.0 as has been widely reported in research. Two enzymes cocktails, Celluclast® 1.5 L with Novozymes 188, Cellic® CTec2 and endo-1,4-β-xylanase, were used for the pH investigation over a pH range of 3.0–7.0. The highest concentration of total reduced sugar was found at pH 6.0 for all the different enzymes used in this study. The total reduced sugar produced from the enzymatic saccharification at pH 6.0 was found to be 7.0, 7.4, and 10.8 (g L−1) for Celluclast® 1.5 L with Novozymes 188, endo-1,4-β-xylanase and Cellic® CTec2, respectively. By increasing the pH from 4.8 to 6.0, the total reduced sugar yield increased by 25% for Celluclast® 1.5 L with Novozymes 188 and endo-1 4-β-xylanase and 21% for Cellic® CTec2. The results from this study indicate that WS hydrolysis can be improved significantly by elevating the pH at which the reaction occurs to the range of 5.8 to 6.0.
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Oliveira JAR, Conceição AC, Silva Martins LH, Moreira DKT, Passos MF, Komesu A. Evaluation of the technological potential of four wastes from Amazon fruit industry in glucose and ethanol production. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Komesu
- Department of Marine Sciences (DCMar) Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) Santos São Paulo Brazil
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36
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Conversion of Exhausted Sugar Beet Pulp into Fermentable Sugars from a Biorefinery Approach. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101351. [PMID: 32987649 PMCID: PMC7598709 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the production of a hydrolysate rich in fermentable sugars, which could be used as a generic microbial culture medium, was carried out by using exhausted sugar beet pulp pellets (ESBPPs) as raw material. For this purpose, the hydrolysis was performed through the direct addition of the fermented ESBPPs obtained by fungal solid-state fermentation (SSF) as an enzyme source. By directly using this fermented solid, the stages for enzyme extraction and purification were avoided. The effects of temperature, fermented to fresh solid ratio, supplementation of fermented ESBPP with commercial cellulase, and the use of high-solid fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis were studied to obtain the maximum reducing sugar (RS) concentration and productivity. The highest RS concentration and productivity, 127.3 g·L−1 and 24.3 g·L−1·h−1 respectively, were obtained at 50 °C and with an initial supplementation of 2.17 U of Celluclast® per gram of dried solid in fed-batch mode. This process was carried out with a liquid to solid ratio of 4.3 mL·g−1 solid, by adding 15 g of fermented solid and 13.75 g of fresh solid at the beginning of the hydrolysis, and then the same amount of fresh solid 3 times every 2.5 h. By this procedure, ESBPP can be used to produce a generic microbial feedstock, which contains a high concentration of monosaccharides.
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Gabiatti Junior C, Dal Magro L, Graebin NG, Rodrigues E, Rodrigues RC, Prentice C. Combination of Celluclast and Viscozyme improves enzymatic hydrolysis of residual cellulose casings: process optimization and scale-up. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-020-00050-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Production of Lactic Acid from Carob, Banana and Sugarcane Lignocellulose Biomass. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25132956. [PMID: 32605022 PMCID: PMC7412479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25132956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass from agricultural residues is a promising feedstock for lactic acid (LA) production. The aim of the current study was to investigate the production of LA from different lignocellulosic biomass. The LA production from banana peduncles using strain Bacillus coagulans with yeast extract resulted in 26.6 g LA·L−1, and yield of 0.90 g LA·g−1 sugars. The sugarcane fermentation with yeast extract resulted in 46.5 g LA·L−1, and yield of 0.88 g LA·g−1 sugars. Carob showed that addition of yeast extract resulted in higher productivity of 3.2 g LA·L−1·h−1 compared to without yeast extract where1.95 g LA·L−1·h−1 was obtained. Interestingly, similar LA production was obtained by the end where 54.8 and 51.4 g·L−1 were obtained with and without yeast extract, respectively. A pilot scale of 35 L using carob biomass fermentation without yeast extract resulted in yield of 0.84 g LA·g−1 sugars, and productivity of 2.30 g LA·L−1·h−1 which indicate a very promising process for future industrial production of LA.
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Optimizing Food Waste Composting Parameters and Evaluating Heat Generation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10072284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The optimal initial moisture content and seeding proportion with mature compost (microbial inoculant) during food waste composting were investigated. This involved six different moisture contents (42%, 55%, 61%, 66%, 70%, and 78%) and four different mature compost seeding amounts (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% w/w). The temperature variation of these different setups during the first four days of composting was used to determine the most effective one. Our findings showed that the initial moisture contents of 55–70% and the 20% w/w of mature compost were optimal for effective food waste composting. A 400 kg compost pile with the optimal compost mixture ratio was then used to study the evolution and spatial distribution of the temperature during a 30-day composting period. Finally, the heat produced during the 30-day composting process was estimated to be 2.99 MJ/kg. Further investigations, including a cost–benefit analysis from a pilot facility, would be required to comprehensively conclude the feasibility of food waste composting as a bioenergy source.
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Kaur R, Tyagi RD, Zhang X. Review on pulp and paper activated sludge pretreatment, inhibitory effects and detoxification strategies for biovalorization. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109094. [PMID: 31927243 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biovalorization of pulp and paper activated sludge to value-added products could be an effective alternative to traditional sludge management methods, which tend to pose serious environmental issues. Since pulp and paper activated sludge consists of microbial biomass, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin and thus, could be subjected to different hydrolysis methods to solubilize sludge solids and release simple sugars to form value-added products by the microbial fermentation process. Hence, different sludge hydrolysis methods have been summarized in this review paper. However, hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials generates variety of toxic compounds during hydrolysis and causes detrimental effects. Therefore, different toxic compounds and their impact on microorganisms, cellulolytic enzymes and fermentation process have been discussed in detail and recent strategies to counteract the problems of inhibitors have also been briefly explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajwinder Kaur
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | | | - Xiaolei Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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Gama AR, Brito-Cunha CCQ, Campos ITN, de Souza GRL, Carneiro LC, Bataus LAM. Streptomyces thermocerradoensis I3 secretes a novel bifunctional xylanase/endoglucanase under solid-state fermentation. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 36:e2934. [PMID: 31642208 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic wastes can be potentially converted into several bioproducts such as glucose, xylo-oligosaccharides, and bioethanol. Certain processes, such as enzymatic hydrolysis, are generally needed to convert biomass into bioproducts. The present study investigated the production of xylanases and cellulases by Streptomyces thermocerradoensis I3 under solid-state fermentation (SSF), using wheat bran as a low-cost medium. The activities of xylanase and carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) were evaluated until 96 hr of incubation. The highest enzyme activity was observed after 72 hr of incubation. The crude enzyme extract was sequentially filtered, first using a 50 kDa filter, followed by a 30 kDa filter. Fraction 3 (F3) exhibited activities of both xylanase and CMCase. Xylanase and CMCase showed optimum activity at 70°C and pH 6.0 and 55°C and pH 6.0, respectively. The zymogram analysis showed a single activity band with a molecular mass of approximately 17 kDa. These findings provide strong evidence that the enzyme is a bifunctional xylanase/endoglucanase. This enzyme improved the saccharification of sugarcane bagasse by 1.76 times that of commercial cellulase. This enzyme has potential applications in various biotechnological procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Rodrigues Gama
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Ivan T N Campos
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Lilian Carla Carneiro
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Xia J, Yang Y, Liu CG, Yang S, Bai FW. Engineering Zymomonas mobilis for Robust Cellulosic Ethanol Production. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:960-972. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Characterization of a novel multi-domain xylanase from Clostridium clariflavum with application in hydrolysis of corn cobs. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:1177-1186. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nguyen MK, Moon JY, Bui VKH, Oh YK, Lee YC. Recent advanced applications of nanomaterials in microalgae biorefinery. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Effect of Particulate Disintegration on Biomethane Potential of Particle-Rich Substrates in Batch Anaerobic Reactor. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9142880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An investigation of particle disintegration was carried out using batch anaerobic reactors and a particle-rich substrate from pig manure supernatant. Two types of samples were applied, one high in suspended particles (raw feed) and another low in suspended particle content (centrifuged feed). Both feeds were digested with and without cellulase enzyme addition to obtain a better understanding of particle degradation mechanisms. An automatic methane potential test system (AMPTS) was used to carry out batch reactions at 35 °C. The raw feed with high-suspended solids had higher biomethane potential than the centrifuged feed but the conversion rate and methane yield was lower. The addition of cellulase increased biomethane production rates in both high- and low-particle content samples enhancing yield by 54% and 40%, respectively and converting 69% and 87% of feed chemical oxygen demand (COD), respectively. This implies that the feed particles have high contents of cellulose. This is also the case for the smaller particles remaining after centrifugation. Comparisons of anaerobic digestion model no. 1 (ADM1) simulations with experimental data reveal that classifying substrate particles into a fast and a slow degrading fraction with separate disintegration kinetics fit the experimental data better than lumping all particles into one parameter.
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Hu W, Li WJ, Yang HQ, Chen JH. Current strategies and future prospects for enhancing microbial production of citric acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:201-209. [PMID: 30421107 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger and Yarrowia lipolytica are highly important in citric acid (CA) production. To further minimize the cost of CA bio-production using A. niger and Y. lipolytica, some strategies (e.g., metabolic engineering, efficient mutagenesis, and optimal fermentation strategies) were developed to enhance CA production and low-cost carbon sources were also utilized to decrease CA bio-production cost. In this review, we summarize the recent significant progresses in CA bio-production, including metabolic engineering, efficient mutagenesis and screening methods, optimal fermentation strategies, and use of low-cost carbon sources, and future prospects in this field are also discussed, which could help in the development of CA production industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Wen-Jian Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Hai-Quan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ji-Hong Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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Wischral D, Arias JM, Modesto LF, de França Passos D, Pereira N. Lactic acid production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysates by Lactobacillus pentosus
: Integrating xylose and glucose fermentation. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 35:e2718. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Wischral
- Laboratórios de Desenvolvimento de Bioprocessos, Escola de Química, Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Johanna Méndez Arias
- Laboratórios de Desenvolvimento de Bioprocessos, Escola de Química, Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
- Escuela Ingeniería Industrial; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería, Universidad de Costa Rica. Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio; San Pedro Montes de Oca Costa Rica
| | - Luiz Felipe Modesto
- Laboratórios de Desenvolvimento de Bioprocessos, Escola de Química, Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Douglas de França Passos
- Laboratórios de Desenvolvimento de Bioprocessos, Escola de Química, Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Nei Pereira
- Laboratórios de Desenvolvimento de Bioprocessos, Escola de Química, Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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Boyce A, Walsh G. Purification and Characterisation of a Thermostable β-Xylosidase from Aspergillus niger van Tieghem of Potential Application in Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 186:712-730. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
Rapid depletion of fossil fuels worldwide presents a dire situation demanding a potential replacement to surmount the current energy crisis. Lignocellulose presents a logical candidate to be exploited at industrial scale owing to its vast availability, inexpensive and renewable nature. Microbial degradation of lignocellulosic biomass is a lucrative, sustainable, and promising approach to obtain valuable commercial commodities at gigantic scale. The enzymatic hydrolysis involving cellulases is fundamental to all the technologies needed to transform lignocellulosic biomass to valuable industry relevant products. Cellulases have enormous potential to utilize cellulosic biomass, thus reducing environmental stress in addition to production of commodity chemicals resolving the current challenge to meet the energy needs globally. The substitution of petroleum-based fuels with bio-based fuels is the subject of thorough research establishing biofuel production as the future technology to achieve a sustainable, eco-friendly society with a zero waste approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amita Sharma
- Shaheed Udham Singh College of Research and Technology, Mohali, India
| | - Raman Soni
- Department of Biotechnology, D.A.V. College, Chandigarh, India
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Maitan-Alfenas GP, Casarotti SN. Enzymes and Dairy Products. MICROBIAL CULTURES AND ENZYMES IN DAIRY TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5363-2.ch001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of enzymes in food production, including dairy products, is below expected due the high costs associated with their production and purification. Microbial enzymes have great potential for industrial applications since they can be produced via large-scale fermentation and they are easily expressed by cloning in well-known cultivated microorganisms. The combination of different procedures such as over-expression techniques and the use of low costs induction sources has resulted in the production of enzymes to be used in high added-value dairy products. The addition of glucose oxidase to probiotic yogurts has been indicated as an alternative to the maintenance of probiotic functionality. Bile salt hydrolase contributes to prevention of hypercholesterolemia which is interesting to produce new functional dairy products. This chapter discusses enzyme sources and their relevance in dairy products, the production of enzymes using cloning and super-expression techniques, as well as enzymes related to functional dairy products.
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