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Li Y, Zhang S, Liu J, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Cheng Q, Zhang H, Wu X. The pentraxin family in autoimmune disease. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 551:117592. [PMID: 37832905 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The pentraxins represent a family of multifunctional proteins composed of long and short pentamers. The latter includes serum amyloid P component (SAP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) whereas the former includes neuronal PTX1 and PTX2 (NPTX1 and NPTX2, respectively), PTX3 and PTX4. These serve as a bridge between adaptive immunity and innate immunity and a link between inflammation and immunity. Similarities and differences between long and short pentamers are examined and their roles in autoimmune disease are discussed. Increased CRP and PTX3 could indicate the activity of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus or other autoimmune diseases. Mechanistically, CRP and PTX3 may predict target organ injury, regulate bone metabolic immunity and maintain homeostasis as well as participate in vascular endothelial remodeling. Interestingly, PTX3 is pleiotropic, being involved in inflammation and tissue repair. Given the therapeutic potential of PTX3 and CRP, targeting these factors to exert a beneficial effect is the focus of research efforts. Unfortunately, studies on NPTX1, NPTX2, PTX4 and SAP are scarce and more research is clearly needed to elaborate their potential roles in autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Shouzan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jingqi Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yudi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Xiaochuan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
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Khan N, Ullah J, Hashmi S, Ali A, Siddiqui AJ, Sami SA, Bokhari SS, Sharif H, Uddin J, El-Seedi HR, Musharraf SG. Dysregulation of metalloproteins in ischemic heart disease patients with systolic dysfunction. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123435. [PMID: 36716834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Metalloproteins have been linked to human health and diseases. The molecular functions of metalloproteins in IHD is not well understood and require further exploration. The objective of this study was to find out the role of metalloproteins in the pericardial fluid of IHD patients having normal (EF > 45) and impaired (EF < 45) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). IHD patients were grouped into two categories: LVEF<45 (n = 12) and LVEF >45 (n = 33). Pooled samples of pericardial fluid were fractionated by using ZOOM-isoelectric focusing (IEF) followed by further processing using one-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1D SDS-PAGE) and filter-aided sample preparation (FASP). Tryptic peptides of each fraction and differential bands were then analyzed by nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS. Protein identification was performed through a Mascot search engine using NCBI-Prot and SwissProt databases. A total of 1082 proteins including 154 metalloproteins were identified. In the differential bands, 60 metalloproteins were identified, while 115 metalloproteins were identified in all ZOOM-IEF fractions. Twelve differentially expressed metalloproteins were selected in the intense bands according to their molecular weight (MW) and isoelectric point (pI). The 12 differentially expressed metalloprotein includes ceruloplasmin, Prothrombin, Vitamin K-dependent protein, Fibulin-1, Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-6, nidogen, partial, Serum albumin, Hemopexin, C-reactive protein, Serum amyloid P-component, and Intelectin-1 protein which were all up-regulated while serotransferrin is the only metalloprotein that was down-regulated in impaired (LVEF<45) group. Among the metalloproteins, Zn-binding proteins are 36.5 % followed by Ca-binging 32.2 %, and Fe-binging 12.2 %. KEGG, pathway analysis revealed the association of ceruloplasmin and serotransferrin with the ferroptosis pathway. In conclusion, 154 metalloproteins were identified of them the Zn-binding protein followed by Ca-binding and Fe-binding proteins were the most abundant metalloproteins. The two metalloproteins, the Cu-binding protein ceruloplasmin, and Fe-binding protein serotransferrin are involved in the ferroptosis pathway, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death that has been linked to cardiac pathology, especially in IHD patients having impaired systolic (LVEF<45) dysfunction. However, further research is required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noman Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ullah
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Satwat Hashmi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Agha Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Ali
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Amna Jabbar Siddiqui
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ahmed Sami
- Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Saira Bokhari
- Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Hasanat Sharif
- Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Jalal Uddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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3
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Pinares-Carrillo HD, Ortega-Checa D, Vergel-Ramírez K, Chilca-Alva ML, Núñez-Vergara M. Proteína C reactiva como biomarcador predictivo de fuga anastomótica en cirugía oncológica colorrectal: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CIRUGÍA 2023. [DOI: 10.30944/20117582.2269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introducción. La fuga anastomótica es la complicación más grave del tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer de colon por su alta morbimortalidad. El diagnóstico evidente, manifestado por la salida de contenido intestinal por drenajes o la herida quirúrgica, ocurre tardíamente (entre el 6º y 8º día). El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la variación de los valores de la proteína C reactiva postoperatoria para hacer un diagnóstico precoz.
Métodos. Estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo, de una cohorte de pacientes con neoplasia, en quienes se realizó cirugía oncológica con anastomosis intestinal, entre enero de 2019 y diciembre de 2021. Se midieron los valores en sangre de proteína C reactiva postoperatoria (1°, 3° y 5° días).
Resultados. Se compararon 225 casos operados que no presentaron fuga con 45 casos con fuga. En los casos sin fuga, el valor de proteína C reactiva al 3º día fue de 148 mg/l y al 5º día de 71 mg/l, mientras en los casos con fuga, los valores fueron de 228,24 mg/l y 228,04 mg/l, respectivamente (p<0,05). Para un valor de 197 mg/l al 3º día la sensibilidad fue de 77 % y para un valor de 120 mg/l al 5º día la sensibilidad fue de 84 %.
Conclusión. El mejor resultado de proteína C reactiva postoperatoria para detectar precozmente la fuga anastomótica se observó al 5º día. El valor de 127 mg/l tuvo la mejor sensibilidad, especificidad y valor predictivo negativo, lo cual permitiría el diagnóstico temprano y manejo oportuno de esta complicación.
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Elgormus Y. Biomarkers and their Clinical Applications in Pediatrics. Biomark Med 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815040463122010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarker studies are becoming increasingly interesting for many fields of
medicine. The use of biomarkers in medicine is involved in detecting diseases and
supporting diagnosis and treatment decisions. New research and new discoveries on the
molecular basis of the disease show that there may be a number of promising new
biomarkers for use in daily clinical practice. Clinical trials in children lag behind adult
research both in quality and quantity. The number of biomarkers validated to optimize
pediatric patient management is limited. In the pathogenesis of many diseases, it should
not be extrapolated to the pediatric clinical setting, taking into account that biomarkers
that are effective in adults are clearly different in children and that ontogeny directly
affects disease development and therapeutic response in children. The search for ideal
biomarkers or markers that can make an early and definitive diagnosis in neonatal
sepsis is still ongoing. The ideal biomarker for pediatric diseases should be costeffective,
noninvasive, applicable to pediatric specific diseases, and its results should
correspond to age-related physiological changes. Lactate, troponin and B-type
natriuretic peptide are valuable biomarkers in the evaluation and management of
critically ill children with cardiac disease. Tumor markers in children are biochemical
substances used in the clinical treatment of pediatric tumors and to detect the presence
of cancer (regression or progression). In this chapter, current and brief information
about biomarkers and their clinical applications used in the diagnosis and monitoring of
pediatric diseases is presented.;
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Elgormus
- Medicine Hospital,Department of Pediatric Health and Diseases,Department of Pediatric Health and Diseases, Medicine Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey,Istanbul,Turkey
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Cabiati M, Gaggini M, De Simone P, Del Ry S. Do pentraxin 3 and neural pentraxin 2 have different facet function in hepatocellular carcinoma? Clin Exp Med 2021; 21:555-562. [PMID: 33905035 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00714-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The long pentraxin (PTX) 3 and the neuronal pentraxin (NPTX) 2 has been found to exert pleiotropic roles in cancers due to their action in inflammation. However, the accurate clinical significance of PTX3 and NPTX2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the commonest cancers in the world has not been well-defined. The aim of the study was to analyze the expression profile of PTX3 and NPTX2 in liver biopsies of HCV-positive HCC patients (liver recipients, LR, n = 14, age 59.4 ± 1.8 years) undergoing liver transplantation and in donors (LD, n = 14, age 62.1 ± 17.3 years), trying both to identify them as predictive biomarkers of clinical liver severity in HCC patients and to understand if they were mutually substitutable. The PTX3 and NPTX2 transcripts were significantly up regulated in HCC tissues (p = 0.004 and p = 0.02 LD vs. LR, respectively). Dividing patients following MELD score, PTX3 expression increased as a function of liver disease severity, while this trend was not observed for NPTX2, which mRNA level increased similarly in both MELD group, reaching the significance only in patients with MELD score < 9 (p = 0.01). A positive correlation was found between PTX3 and NPTX2 expression (p = 0.001; r = 0.69). This is the first study that concerns PTX3 and NPTX2 as a function of clinical severity from which emerged that both of them are unequivocally involved in HCC, but only PTX3 could be considered a staging marker in these HCV-related HCC patients, unlike NPTX2, which could only play a role as an inflammatory marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cabiati
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council CNR, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Melania Gaggini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council CNR, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo De Simone
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Pisa Medical School Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Del Ry
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council CNR, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Pedragosa J, Mercurio D, Oggioni M, Marquez-Kisinousky L, de Simoni MG, Planas AM. Mannose-binding lectin promotes blood-brain barrier breakdown and exacerbates axonal damage after traumatic brain injury in mice. Exp Neurol 2021; 346:113865. [PMID: 34547288 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte infiltration and blood-brain barrier breakdown contribute to secondary brain damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI induces neuroimmune responses triggering pathogenic complement activation through different pathways, including the lectin pathway. We investigated mechanisms underlying mannose-binding lectin (MBL)-mediated brain damage focusing on neutrophil infiltration and blood-brain barrier breakdown in a TBI mouse model. Wild type mice and MBL-/- null mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact. We studied neutrophil infiltration and regional localization by confocal microscopy 1, 4 and 15 days post-trauma, and investigated neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. By immunofluorescence and/or Western blotting in various brain regions we studied the presence of fibrin(ogen), pentraxin-3, albumin and immunoglobulin G. Finally, we studied neurofilament proteins, synaptophysin, and αII-spectrin, and assessed white matter content in the injured tissue. TBI triggered an acute wave of neutrophil infiltration at day 1 followed by a more discrete persistence of neutrophils in the injured tissue at least until day 15. We detected the presence of NETs and pentraxin-3 in the injured tissue, as well as accumulation of fibrin(ogen), increased blood-brain barrier permeability, and neurofilament, synaptophysin and white matter loss, and calpain-mediated αII spectrin breakdown. MBL-/- mice showed reduced number of Ly6G+ neutrophils 4 days after TBI, lower accumulation of pentraxin-3 and fibrin(ogen) in the injured tissue, reduced global plasma protein extravasation, and better preservation of axonal and white matter integrity. These results show that MBL participates in secondary neutrophil accumulation and blood-brain barrier breakdown, and promotes axonal and white matter damage after TBI in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Pedragosa
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Domenico Mercurio
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Oggioni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Marquez-Kisinousky
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Grazia de Simoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna M Planas
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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Padoan R, Gatto M, Ghirardello A, Tonello M, Franco C, Felicetti M, Schiavon F, Doria A. IgG anti-Pentraxin 3 antibodies are a novel biomarker of ANCA-associated vasculitis and better identify patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. J Autoimmun 2021; 124:102725. [PMID: 34534841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate prevalence of anti-Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) antibodies in sera of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) patients. METHODS Anti-PTX3 and PTX3 levels were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in sera from unselected patients with AAV and compared with patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n = 130), other connective tissue diseases (CTDs, n = 97) and matched healthy controls (n = 97). Optical density (OD) cut-off for positive anti-PTX3 antibodies was determined by ROC curve analysis and set as 0.234. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on fixed human granulocytes was used to analyze the fluorescence pattern of anti-PTX3 antibodies. Liquid-phase inhibition tests were conducted to assess potential interferences. RESULTS We included 101 AAV patients (females 58%, median age 60[51-69] years) affected either with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, n = 51), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA, n = 12) or eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA, n = 38). Anti-PTX3 antibodies were detected in 29.7% AAV patients, being significantly higher than in healthy controls (p < 0.001) and CTDs (p = 0.030) but lower than in SLE (p = 0.004). Anti-PTX3 antibody prevalence was 44.7% in EGPA, 25% in MPA and 19% in GPA (p = 0.034). Among ANCA negative patients, 35.7% displayed positive anti-PTX3 antibodies. Anti-PTX3 were associated with a lower prevalence of systemic (p = 0.002), ear-nose-throat (p = 0.006) and renal manifestations (p = 0.016). Anti-PTX3 antibodies were characterized by a specific IIF pattern on fixed granulocytes. PTX3 serum levels resulted lower in AAV than healthy controls (p < 0.001). PTX3 inhibited anti-PTX3 binding in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Anti-PTX3 autoantibodies appear a promising novel biomarker of AAV, especially EGPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Padoan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Mariele Gatto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Ghirardello
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Tonello
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Franco
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Mara Felicetti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Franco Schiavon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Italy.
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Wirestam L, Pihl S, Saleh M, Wetterö J, Sjöwall C. Plasma C-Reactive Protein and Pentraxin-3 Reference Intervals During Normal Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:722118. [PMID: 34408755 PMCID: PMC8366313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.722118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several biomarkers are available to monitor the acute phase response, the short pentraxin C-reactive protein (CRP) is dominating in clinical practice. The long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is structurally and functionally related to CRP, but not liver-derived. In addition, increased levels of PTX3 have been linked to preeclampsia. Reference intervals are usually based on healthy blood donors. Several physiological and immunological alterations occur during normal pregnancy with subsequent potential effects on blood analytes. Hence, this study aims to determine pregnancy-specific reference intervals for CRP and PTX3. Longitudinal clinical data and blood plasma samples from the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester of 100 healthy, non-medicating, females aged 18–40 at the time-point of conception were available to us. High‐sensitivity CRP measurements were performed by turbidimetry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify PTX3. CRP and PTX3 levels followed each other during the first two trimesters and both increased during the third trimester. CRP showed a median of 4.12 mg/L in the third trimester, and were significantly higher compared to the first (median 2.39 mg/L, p<0.0001) and the second (median 2.44 mg/L, p=0.0006) trimesters. In the third trimester PTX3 levels reached a median of 7.70 µg/L, and were significantly higher compared to the first (median 3.33 µg/L, p<0.0001) and the second (median 3.70 µg/L, p<0.0001) trimesters. Plasma albumin was inversely correlated with CRP (rho=-0.27, p<0.0001), but not with PTX3. In conclusion, it is important to consider pregnancy-specific reference values as elevations of CRP and PTX3 during the later phase may occur in absence of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wirestam
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection/Rheumatology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofia Pihl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Muna Saleh
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection/Rheumatology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jonas Wetterö
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection/Rheumatology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sjöwall
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection/Rheumatology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Doni A, Mantovani A, Bottazzi B, Russo RC. PTX3 Regulation of Inflammation, Hemostatic Response, Tissue Repair, and Resolution of Fibrosis Favors a Role in Limiting Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:676702. [PMID: 34276664 PMCID: PMC8284251 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PTX3 is a soluble pattern recognition molecule (PRM) belonging to the humoral innate immune system, rapidly produced at inflammatory sites by phagocytes and stromal cells in response to infection or tissue injury. PTX3 interacts with microbial moieties and selected pathogens, with molecules of the complement and hemostatic systems, and with extracellular matrix (ECM) components. In wound sites, PTX3 interacts with fibrin and plasminogen and favors a timely removal of fibrin-rich ECM for an efficient tissue repair. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease of unknown origin, associated with excessive ECM deposition affecting tissue architecture, with irreversible loss of lung function and impact on the patient's life quality. Maccarinelli et al. recently demonstrated a protective role of PTX3 using the bleomycin (BLM)-induced experimental model of lung fibrosis, in line with the reported role of PTX3 in tissue repair. However, the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of PTX3 in IPF remained to be investigated. Herein, we provide new insights on the possible role of PTX3 in the development of IPF and BLM-induced lung fibrosis. In mice, PTX3-deficiency was associated with worsening of the disease and with impaired fibrin removal and subsequently increased collagen deposition. In IPF patients, microarray data indicated a down-regulation of PTX3 expression, thus suggesting a potential rational underlying the development of disease. Therefore, we provide new insights for considering PTX3 as a possible target molecule underlying therapeutic intervention in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Doni
- Unit of Advanced Optical Microscopy, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Unit of Advanced Optical Microscopy, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Bottazzi
- Unit of Advanced Optical Microscopy, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Remo Castro Russo
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Farini A, Villa C, Di Silvestre D, Bella P, Tripodi L, Rossi R, Sitzia C, Gatti S, Mauri P, Torrente Y. PTX3 Predicts Myocardial Damage and Fibrosis in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:403. [PMID: 32508664 PMCID: PMC7248204 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a main component of the innate immune system by inducing complement pathway activation, acting as an inflammatory mediator, coordinating the functions of macrophages/dendritic cells and promoting apoptosis/necrosis. Additionally, it has been found in fibrotic regions co-localizing with collagen. In this work, we wanted to investigate the predictive role of PTX3 in myocardial damage and fibrosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). DMD is an X-linked recessive disease caused by mutations of the dystrophin gene that affects muscular functions and strength and accompanying dilated cardiomyopathy. Here, we expound the correlation of PTX3 cardiac expression with age and Toll-like receptors (TLRs)/interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R)-MyD88 inflammatory markers and its modulation by the so-called alarmins IL-33, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and S100β. These findings suggest that cardiac levels of PTX3 might have prognostic value and potential in guiding therapy for DMD cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Farini
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- Institute of Technologies in Biomedicine, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Pamela Bella
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Luana Tripodi
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossana Rossi
- Institute of Technologies in Biomedicine, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Clementina Sitzia
- Residency Program in Clinical Pathology and Clinical Biochemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Gatti
- Center for Surgical Research, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Institute of Technologies in Biomedicine, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
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11
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Shoba E, Lakra R, Kiran MS, Korrapati PS. 3 D nano bilayered spatially and functionally graded scaffold impregnated bromelain conjugated magnesium doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticle for periodontal regeneration. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 109:103822. [PMID: 32543397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic periodontal disease affect the tissues supporting around the teeth like gingival tissue, connective tissue, alveolar bone and periodontal ligaments. Hitherto, periodontal treatment was targeted to selectively repopulate the defect site with cell that has capability to regenerate lost tissue by promoting the concept of guided tissue regeneration but it requires second surgery due to non- biodegradability. The use of polymeric biodegradable nanofibrous coated scaffold that have the ability to deliver bioactives required for regeneration to occur is relatively a newer concept. The functionalization of polymeric scaffold with Bromelain and magnesium doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticle enhanced the mechanical, physico-chemical, thermal and biological properties of the scaffold by imitating the intricate extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture which provided the necessary bioactive cues that offered control over cellular functions by showing antibacterial potential, hemocompatibility and increasing the proliferation and migration rate in vitro. In addition, in ovo chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay and ex vivo aortic ring assay confirmed the efficacy of the developed scaffold by encouraging angiogenesis required for maintaining its viability after implanting onto the infected area. Further, the scaffold positively interacted with the host and actively contributed to the process of tissue regeneration in vivo in Wistar rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekambaram Shoba
- Biological Materials Laboratory, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600 020, India
| | - Rachita Lakra
- Biological Materials Laboratory, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600 020, India
| | - Manikantan Syamala Kiran
- Biological Materials Laboratory, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600 020, India
| | - Purna Sai Korrapati
- Biological Materials Laboratory, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600 020, India.
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12
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Ramirez GA, Manfredi AA, Maugeri N. Misunderstandings Between Platelets and Neutrophils Build in Chronic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2491. [PMID: 31695699 PMCID: PMC6817594 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated hemostasis, inflammation and innate immunity entail extensive interactions between platelets and neutrophils. Under physiological conditions, vascular inflammation offers a template for the establishment of effective intravascular immunity, with platelets providing neutrophils with an array of signals that increase their activation threshold, thus limiting collateral damage to tissues and promoting termination of the inflammatory response. By contrast, persistent systemic inflammation as observed in immune-mediated diseases, such as systemic vasculitides, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by platelet and neutrophil reciprocal activation, which ultimately culminates in the generation of thrombo-inflammatory lesions, fostering vascular injury and organ damage. Here, we discuss recent evidence regarding the multifaceted aspects of platelet-neutrophil interactions from bone marrow precursors to shed microparticles. Moreover, we analyse shared and disease-specific events due to an aberrant deployment of these interactions in human diseases. To restore communications between the pillars of the immune-hemostatic continuum constitutes a fascinating challenge for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe A Ramirez
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Norma Maugeri
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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13
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Strunk D, Schmidt-Pogoda A, Beuker C, Milles LS, Korsukewitz C, Meuth SG, Minnerup J. Biomarkers in Vasculitides of the Nervous System. Front Neurol 2019; 10:591. [PMID: 31244756 PMCID: PMC6562258 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides being affected by the rare and severe primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) the nervous system is also affected by primary systemic vasculitides (PSV). In contrast to PACNS, PSV affect not only the central but also the peripheral nervous system, resulting in a large array of potential symptoms. Given the high burden of disease, difficulties in distinguishing between differential diagnoses, and incomplete pathophysiological insights, there is an urgent need for additional precise diagnostic tools to enable an earlier diagnosis and initiation of effective treatments. Methods available to date, such as inflammatory markers, antibodies, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, imaging, and biopsy, turn out to be insufficient to meet all current challenges. We highlight the use of biomarkers as an approach to extend current knowledge and, ultimately, improve patient management. Biomarkers are considered to be useful for disease diagnosis and monitoring, for predicting response to treatment, and for prognosis in clinical practice, as well as for establishing outcome parameters in clinical trials. In this article, we review the recent literature on biomarkers which have been applied in the context of different types of nervous system vasculitides including PACNS, giant-cell arteritis, Takayasu's arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, ANCA (anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody)-associated vasculitides, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, IgA vasculitis, and Behçet's disease. Overall, the majority of biomarkers is not specific for vasculitides of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Strunk
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Antje Schmidt-Pogoda
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carolin Beuker
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lennart S Milles
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Catharina Korsukewitz
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jens Minnerup
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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14
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Ramirez GA, Rovere-Querini P, Blasi M, Sartorelli S, Di Chio MC, Baldini M, De Lorenzo R, Bozzolo EP, Leone R, Mantovani A, Manfredi AA, Tombetti E. PTX3 Intercepts Vascular Inflammation in Systemic Immune-Mediated Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1135. [PMID: 31191526 PMCID: PMC6548810 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PTX3 is a prototypic soluble pattern recognition receptor, expressed at sites of inflammation and involved in regulation of the tissue homeostasis. PTX3 systemic levels increase in many (but not all) immune-mediated inflammatory conditions. Research on PTX3 as a biomarker has so far focused on single diseases. Here, we performed a multi-group comparative study with the aim of identifying clinical and pathophysiological phenotypes associated with PTX3 release. PTX3 concentration was measured by ELISA in the plasma of 366 subjects, including 96 patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA), 42 with Takayasu's arteritis (TA), 10 with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), 63 with ANCA-associated systemic small vessel vasculitides (AAV), 55 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 21 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 79 healthy controls (HC). Patients with SLE, AAV, TA and GCA, but not patients with RA and PMR, had higher PTX3 levels than HC. PTX3 concentration correlated with disease activity, acute phase reactants and prednisone dose. It was higher in females, in patients with recent-onset disease and in those with previous or current active vasculitis at univariate analysis. Active small- or large- vessel vasculitis were the main independent variables influencing PTX3 levels at multivariate analysis. High levels of PTX3 in the blood can contribute to identify an increased risk of vascular involvement in patients with systemic immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe A. Ramirez
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Immunity, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Immunity, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Blasi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Immunity, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Mattia Baldini
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Immunity, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca De Lorenzo
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Immunity, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica P. Bozzolo
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
- Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angelo A. Manfredi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Immunity, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Tombetti
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Immunity, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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15
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Gatto M, Wiedemann A, Nomovi N, Reiter K, Schrezenmeier E, Rose T, Szelinski F, Lino AC, Valentino S, Ghirardello A, Dörner T, Doria A. Circulating Pentraxin3-Specific B Cells Are Decreased in Lupus Nephritis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:29. [PMID: 30740098 PMCID: PMC6355680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pentraxin3 (PTX3) is overexpressed in kidneys of patients developing lupus nephritis (LN). Active LN is associated with reduced anti-PTX3 antibodies. However, abnormalities of B cell differentiation against PTX3 have not been characterized in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Objective: Characterization of PTX3-specific (PTX3+) B cells in peripheral blood of SLE patients with or without LN and healthy donors (HD). Patients and Methods: SLE patients without LN, biopsy-proven LN and matched HD were analyzed. Active LN was defined as proteinuria>0.5 g/day or CrCl<60 ml/min/1.73 m2 with active urinary sediment. Peripheral B cells were analyzed for direct PTX3 binding by flow cytometry using PTX3 labeled with cyanine 5 (Cy5) and phycoerythrin (PE). Results: Initially, a flow cytometry based assay to identify PTX3+ B cells was developed by demonstrating simultaneous binding of PTX3-Cy5 and PTX3-PE. Specificity of B cells was validated by blocking experiments using unlabeled PTX3. We could identify circulating PTX3+ B-cells in HD and patients. Notably, LN patients showed a significantly diminished number of PTX3+ B cells (SLE vs. LN p = 0.033; HD vs. LN p = 0.008). This decrease was identified in naïve and memory B cell compartments (naïve: SLE vs. LN p = 0.028; HD vs. LN p = 0.0001; memory: SLE vs. LN p = 0.038, HD vs. LN p = 0.011). Conclusions: Decreased PTX3+ B cells in LN within the naïve and memory compartment suggest their negative selection at early stages of B cell development potentially related to a decreased regulatory function. PTX3+ B cells could candidate for autoantigen-defined regulatory B cells as a striking abnormality of LN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele Gatto
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Department Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Wiedemann
- Department Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadja Nomovi
- Department Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Reiter
- Department Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Schrezenmeier
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Rose
- Department Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Szelinski
- Department Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreia C Lino
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Anna Ghirardello
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Department Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Doria
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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16
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Turan E, Kırboğa K, Turan Y, Göçmen AY. Pentraxin 3 and epicardial fat thickness are independently associated with diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-018-0695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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17
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Erreni M, Manfredi AA, Garlanda C, Mantovani A, Rovere-Querini P. The long pentraxin PTX3: A prototypical sensor of tissue injury and a regulator of homeostasis. Immunol Rev 2018; 280:112-125. [PMID: 29027216 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue damage frequently occurs. The immune system senses it and enforces homeostatic responses that lead to regeneration and repair. The synthesis of acute phase molecules is emerging as a crucial event in this program. The prototypic long pentraxin PTX3 orchestrates the recruitment of leukocytes, stabilizes the provisional matrix in order to facilitate leukocyte and stem progenitor cells trafficking, promotes swift and safe clearance of dying cells and of autoantigens, limiting autoimmunity and protecting the vasculature. These non-redundant actions of PTX3 are necessary for the resolution of inflammation. Recent studies have highlighted the mechanisms by which PTX3 adapts the functions of innate immune cells, orchestrates tissue repair and contributes to select the appropriate acquired immune response in various tissues. Conversely, PTX3 continues to be produced in diseases where the inflammatory response does not resolve. It is therefore a valuable biomarker for more precise and personalized stratification of patients, often independently predicting clinical evolution and outcome. There is strong promise for novel therapies based on understanding the mechanisms with which PTX3 plays its homeostatic role, especially in regulating leukocyte migration and the resolution of inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Erreni
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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18
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Narciso-Schiavon JL, Pereira JG, Silva TE, Bansho ETO, Morato EF, Pinheiro JT, Muraro-Wildner L, Bazzo ML, Dantas-Corrêa EB, Schiavon LL. Circulating levels of pentraxin-3 (PTX3) in patients with liver cirrhosis. Ann Hepatol 2018; 16:780-787. [PMID: 28809733 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.2789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the circulating levels of PTX3 were related to the severity of various diseases, there are no studies investigating its role in patients with liver cirrhosis. We aimed to study PTX3 levels in patients with liver cirrhosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective cohort study included 130 patients hospitalized for acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis, 29 stable cirrhotic outpatients and 32 healthy controls evaluated in a tertiary hospital in Southern Brasil. RESULTS The median PTX3 level was significantly higher in stable cirrhotic patients compared to controls (2.6 vs. 1.1 ng/mL; p < 0.001), hospitalized cirrhotic patients compared to controls (3.8 vs. 1.1 ng/mL; p < 0.001), and hospitalized cirrhotic patients compared to stable cirrhotic patients (3.8 vs. 2.6 ng/mL; p = 0.001). A positive correlation was found between PTX3 and serum creatinine (r = 0.220; p = 0.012), Chronic Liver Failure - Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (CLIF-SOFA) (r = 0.220; p = 0.010), MELD (r = 0.279; p = 0.001) and Child-Pugh score (r = 0.224; p = 0.010). Significantly higher levels of PTX3 were observed in patients on admission with ACLF (8.9 vs. 3.1 ng/mL; p < 0.001) and MELD score ≥ 20 (6.6 vs. 3.4 ng/mL; p = 0.002). Death within 90 days occurred in 30.8% of patients and was associated with higher levels of PTX3 (5.3 vs. 3.4 ng/mL; p = 0.009). The probability of Kaplan-Meier survival was 77.0% in patients with PTX-3 < 5.3 ng mL (upper tercile) and 53.5% in those with PTX3 ≥ 5.3 ng/mL (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION These results indicate the potential for use of PTX3 as an inflammatory biomarker for the prognosis of patients with hepatic cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína L Narciso-Schiavon
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil Núcleo de Estudos em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Jéssica G Pereira
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil Núcleo de Estudos em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Telma Erotides Silva
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil Núcleo de Estudos em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Emília T O Bansho
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil Núcleo de Estudos em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Edelton F Morato
- University Hospital Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago - Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences
| | - José T Pinheiro
- University Hospital Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago - Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil Center for Assessment of Allergic Type Reactions to Drugs
| | - Letícia Muraro-Wildner
- University Hospital Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago - Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil Clinical Analysis Laboratory
| | - Maria Luiza Bazzo
- Department of Clinical Analysis. Federal University of Santa Catarina. Brasil
| | | | - Leonardo L Schiavon
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil Núcleo de Estudos em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Department of Internal Medicine
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19
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Atisha-Fregoso Y, Lima G, Carrillo-Maravilla E, Posadas-Sánchez R, Pérez-Hernández N, Baños-Peláez M, Iturralde-Chávez A, Hernández-Díaz N, Jakez-Ocampo J, Rodríguez-Pérez JM, Vargas-Alarcón G, Llorente L, Romero-Díaz J. C-reactive protein (CRP) polymorphisms and haplotypes are associated with SLE susceptibility and activity but not with serum CRP levels in Mexican population. Clin Rheumatol 2018; 37:1817-1824. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-4059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Lindberg‐Larsen V, Kehlet H, Pilely K, Bagger J, Rovsing ML, Garred P. Preoperative methylprednisolone increases plasma Pentraxin 3 early after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 191:356-362. [PMID: 29119559 PMCID: PMC5801497 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Preoperative glucocorticoid administration reduces the systemic inflammatory response. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a novel inflammatory marker belonging to the humoral arm of innate immunity exerting a potentially protective host response. This study evaluated PTX3 and other complement marker changes after preoperative methylprednisolone (MP) early after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Seventy patients were randomized (1 : 1) to preoperative intravenous (i.v.) MP 125 mg (group MP) or isotonic saline i.v. (group C). The outcomes included change in plasma PTX3, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), ficolins (ficolin-1, -2 and -3), complement components (C4 and C3), terminal complement complex (TCC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. Blood samples were analysed at baseline and 2, 6, 24 and 48 h after surgery with complete sampling from 63 patients for analyses. MP resulted in an increase in circulating PTX3 compared to saline from baseline to 24 h postoperatively (P < 0·001), while MP reduced the systemic inflammatory response (CRP) 24 and 48 h postoperatively (P < 0·001). However, the small postoperative changes in MBL, ficolin-1, -2 and -3, C4, C3 and TCC concentrations did not differ between groups (P > 0·05). In conclusion, preoperative MP 125 mg increased circulating PTX3 and reduced the general inflammatory response (CRP) early after TKA, but did not affect other complement markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Lindberg‐Larsen
- Section for Surgical Pathophysiology, Section 7621Copenhagen University Hospital, RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Fast‐Track Hip and Knee ArthroplastyCopenhagenDenmark
| | - H. Kehlet
- Section for Surgical Pathophysiology, Section 7621Copenhagen University Hospital, RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Fast‐Track Hip and Knee ArthroplastyCopenhagenDenmark
| | - K. Pilely
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631Copenhagen University Hospital, RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - J. Bagger
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergDenmark
| | - M. L. Rovsing
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care MedicineCopenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergDenmark
| | - P. Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631Copenhagen University Hospital, RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
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21
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Manfredi AA, Ramirez GA, Rovere-Querini P, Maugeri N. The Neutrophil's Choice: Phagocytose vs Make Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29515586 PMCID: PMC5826238 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils recognize particulate substrates of microbial or endogenous origin and react by sequestering the cargo via phagocytosis or by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) outside the cell, thus modifying and alerting the environment and bystander leukocytes. The signals that determine the choice between phagocytosis and the generation of NETs are still poorly characterized. Neutrophils that had phagocytosed bulky particulate substrates, such as apoptotic cells and activated platelets, appear to be “poised” in an unresponsive state. Environmental conditions, the metabolic, adhesive and activation state of the phagocyte, and the size of and signals associated with the tethered phagocytic cargo influence the choice of the neutrophils, prompting either phagocytic clearance or the generation of NETs. The choice is dichotomic and apparently irreversible. Defects in phagocytosis may foster the intravascular generation of NETs, thus promoting vascular inflammation and morbidities associated with diseases characterized by defective phagocytic clearance, such as systemic lupus erythematosus. There is a strong potential for novel treatments based on new knowledge of the events determining the inflammatory and pro-thrombotic function of inflammatory leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo A Manfredi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.,Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe A Ramirez
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.,Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.,Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Norma Maugeri
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.,Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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Cerebrospinal fluid pentraxin 3 and CD40 ligand in anti- N -menthyl- d -aspartate receptor encephalitis. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 315:40-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Casula M, Montecucco F, Bonaventura A, Liberale L, Vecchié A, Dallegri F, Carbone F. Update on the role of Pentraxin 3 in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 99:1-12. [PMID: 29051088 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an acute-phase protein that was recently demonstrated to play pleiotropic activities in cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukins up-regulates PTX3 transcription in different cell types (i.e. endothelial cells, phagocytes, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and glial cells) involved in atherogenesis. By interacting with numerous ligands, PTX3 acts as a modulatory molecule of complement system, inflammatory response, angiogenesis, and vascular/tissue remodeling. Experimental data point to a beneficial role of PTX3 in atherosclerotic plaque development and vulnerability. Animal studies indicated a protective role of PTX3 signaling in ischemic/reperfusion injury and failing heart. Clinical studies have so far provided contrasting results, highlighting a debated role of PTX3 as an active mediator of endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and worse outcome after ischemic events. Therefore, substantial evidence suggests a dual role of PTX3 as modulator or amplifiers of the innate immune response. The final result of PTX3 activation might be determined by a fine tuning of time, space and environmental signals. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of biological properties of PTX3 in CV diseases and to discuss the ability of PTX3 to act as a crossroad between pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Casula
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 9 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldo Bonaventura
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Vecchié
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Dallegri
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
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Korzonek-Szlacheta I, Danikiewicz A, Szkodziński J, Nowak J, Lekston A, Gąsior M, Zubelewicz-Szkodzińska B, Hudzik B. Relationship Between Plasma Pentraxin 3 Concentration and Platelet Indices in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease. Angiology 2017; 69:264-269. [PMID: 28946774 DOI: 10.1177/0003319717732929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Few reports have analyzed the effect of pentraxin 3 (PTX3) on platelets and their activation. We explored the association between plasma PTX3 and platelet indices. Forty-nine patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) were enrolled. Based on median PTX3, the study population was divided into group 1 (n = 25; PTX3 ≤ 0.98 ng/mL) and group 2 (n = 24; PTX3 > 0.98 ng/mL). Platelet indices investigated included mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), platelets and large cell ratio (P-LCR), MPV to platelet count ratio (MPV/PC), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and MPV to lymphocyte ratio (MPVLR). Patients with lower PTX3 had a higher lymphocyte count. Platelet count was similar in both groups. Notwithstanding, patients with higher PTX3 concentrations had elevated MPV (8.3 vs 10.0 fL; P < .001) and PDW (9.4 vs 12.4 fL; P < .001). However, the MPV/PC ratio was similar in both groups. Thromboinflammatory biomarkers (PLR, MPVLR) were also elevated in group 2. Pentraxin 3showed a strong, positive correlation with MPV ( r = .75, P < .01) and PDW ( r = .80, P < .01), and weak to moderate correlation with MPVLR. In conclusion, PTX3 is associated with larger platelet size as assessed by platelet volume indices. There is a strong correlation between plasma PTX3 level and MPV and PDW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Korzonek-Szlacheta
- 1 Department of Nutrition-Related Disease Prevention, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland
| | - Aleksander Danikiewicz
- 1 Department of Nutrition-Related Disease Prevention, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland
| | - Janusz Szkodziński
- 2 Third Department of Cardiology, Silesian Center for Heart Disease, SMDZ in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Justyna Nowak
- 1 Department of Nutrition-Related Disease Prevention, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lekston
- 2 Third Department of Cardiology, Silesian Center for Heart Disease, SMDZ in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gąsior
- 2 Third Department of Cardiology, Silesian Center for Heart Disease, SMDZ in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Barbara Zubelewicz-Szkodzińska
- 1 Department of Nutrition-Related Disease Prevention, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland
| | - Bartosz Hudzik
- 1 Department of Nutrition-Related Disease Prevention, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland.,2 Third Department of Cardiology, Silesian Center for Heart Disease, SMDZ in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
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25
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Abstract
Recognition and removal of apoptotic and necrotic cells must be efficient and highly controlled to avoid excessive inflammation and autoimmune responses to self. The complement system, a crucial part of innate immunity, plays an important role in this process. Thus, apoptotic and necrotic cells are recognized by complement initiators such as C1q, mannose binding lectin, ficolins, and properdin. This triggers complement activation and opsonization of cells with fragments of C3b, which enhances phagocytosis and thus ensures silent removal. Importantly, the process is tightly controlled by the binding of complement inhibitors C4b-binding protein and factor H, which attenuates late steps of complement activation and inflammation. Furthermore, factor H becomes actively internalized by apoptotic cells, where it catalyzes the cleavage of intracellular C3 to C3b. The intracellularly derived C3b additionally opsonizes the cell surface further supporting safe and fast clearance and thereby aids to prevent autoimmunity. Internalized factor H also binds nucleosomes and directs monocytes into production of anti-inflammatory cytokines upon phagocytosis of such complexes. Disturbances in the complement-mediated clearance of dying cells result in persistence of autoantigens and development of autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus, and may also be involved in development of age-related macula degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Martin
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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26
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Lin RL, Gu Q, Khosravi M, Lee LY. Sustained sensitizing effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha on sensory nerves in lung and airways. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 47:29-37. [PMID: 28587842 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of airway inflammatory diseases. Inhalation of aerosolized TNFα induced airway hyperresponsiveness accompanied by airway inflammation in healthy human subjects, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. We recently reported a series of studies aimed to investigate if TNFα elevates the sensitivity of vagal bronchopulmonary sensory nerves in a mouse model; these studies are summarized in this mini-review. Our results showed that intratracheal instillation of TNFα induced pronounced airway inflammation 24 h later, as illustrated by infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils and the release of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in the lung and airways. Accompanying these inflammatory reactions, the sensitivity of vagal pulmonary C-fibers and silent rapidly adapting receptors to capsaicin, a selective agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 receptor, was markedly elevated after the TNFα treatment. A distinct increase in the sensitivity to capsaicin induced by TNFα was also observed in isolated pulmonary sensory neurons, suggesting that the sensitizing effect is mediated primarily through a direct action of TNFα on these neurons. Furthermore, the same TNFα treatment also induced a lingering (>7days) cough hyperresponsiveness to inhalation challenge of NH3 in awake mice. Both the airway inflammation and the sensitizing effect on pulmonary sensory neurons caused by the TNFα treatment were abolished in the TNF-receptor double homozygous mutant mice, indicating the involvement of TNF-receptor activation. These findings suggest that the TNFα-induced hypersensitivity of vagal bronchopulmonary afferents may be responsible for, at least in part, the airway hyperresponsiveness caused by inhaled TNFα in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Lung Lin
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Qihai Gu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Mehdi Khosravi
- Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lu-Yuan Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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27
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Aqueous humor pentraxin-3 levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. Eye (Lond) 2017; 31:1463-1467. [PMID: 28574494 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo evaluate aqueous humor (AH) pentraxin-3 (PTX3) levels in diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR).MethodsIn this prospective study, patients undergoing cataract surgery were enrolled. The study group was composed of 26 type-2 diabetic patients without DR (group 1), 32 diabetic patients with DR (group 2) and 29 age-matched subjects without any systemic disease (group 3). Fifteen proliferative DR (PDR) and 17 non-proliferative DR (NPDR) patients were enrolled in Group 2. HbA1c levels and duration of diabetes were noted. AH samples were obtained from anterior chamber at the beginning of cataract surgery and PTX3 levels were analyzed with Elisa kit.ResultsBaseline demographic characteristics were similar between groups. The mean duration of diabetes was 11.9±7.9 years in group 1 and 15.8±7.8 years in group 2 (P=0.11). The mean plasma HbA1c levels in group 1 was 9.1±2.6 and 8.2±2.4 in group 2 (P=0.36). PTX3 levels were 5.75±0.41 in group 1, 6.11±1.47 in group 2 and 4.93±0.84 ng/ml in group 3 (P=0.01). PTX3 levels in group 2 were higher than in group 1 and 3 (P=0.06 and P=0.01, respectively). There was no correlation between HbA1c and PTX3 levels (P=0.06 r=0.57, P=0.19 r=0.3, respectively). The mean PTX3 was 6.6±0.3 in PDR group and 5.6±0.5 ng/ml in NPDR group (P=0.04).ConclusionsPTX3 is an important marker especially for vascular endothelial damage. Since diabetic vascular changes are dependent on endothelial cell damage, high levels of AH PTX3 of DR patients may indicate the importance of PTX3 protein in the pathogenesis of DR.
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28
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Della Latta V, Cabiati M, Burchielli S, Frenzilli G, Bernardeschi M, Cecchettini A, Viglione F, Morales MA, Del Ry S. Lung inflammation after bleomycin treatment in mice: Selection of an accurate normalization strategy for gene expression analysis in an ex-vivo and in-vitro model. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 88:145-154. [PMID: 28526615 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is the most common and aggressive interstitial lung disease, characterized by a patchy development of fibrosis leading to progressive destruction of the normal lung architecture which is preceded by an inflammatory process. Gene expression studies are important to understand the development of PF but the accuracy and reproducibility of Real-Time PCR depend on appropriate normalization strategies. This study aimed to analyze the expression variability of eight commonly used reference genes during the initial inflammatory phase of bleomycin-induced PF in a mouse model and to verify whether the selected reference genes could be applied to an in-vitro model of BLM-treated primary murine lung fibroblasts. Wild-type C57BL/6 mice (n=40) were used. Real-Time PCR was carried out on lung tissue of mice either BLM (BLM-tm) or physiological solution-treated (PSS-tm), and in primary lung fibroblasts, isolated from healthy C57BL/6 mice. Histological analysis was performed to confirm the inflammation development. During inflammation, the most stable genes resulted: PPIA, HPRT-1 and SDHA for both models; the normalization strategy was tested analyzing mRNA expression of PTX-3 and TNF-α which resulted up-regulated both in ex-vivo and in-vitro with respect to PSS-tm/fibroblasts. Histological analysis supported the results. This study identified a new set of reference genes expressed both in the in-vitro and ex-vivo models. A higher expression of both markers in BLM-tm with respect to PSS-tm indicated that BLM might lead to increased PTX-3 local production by a co-regulation with TNF-α at lung level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Della Latta
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuela Cabiati
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giada Frenzilli
- University of Pisa, Dept. Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Viglione
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria-Aurora Morales
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Del Ry
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pisa, Italy.
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29
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Negi VS, Mariaselvam CM, Misra DP, Muralidharan N, Fortier C, Charron D, Krishnamoorthy R, Tamouza R. Polymorphisms in the promoter region of iNOS
predispose to rheumatoid arthritis in south Indian Tamils. Int J Immunogenet 2017; 44:114-121. [DOI: 10.1111/iji.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. S. Negi
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER); Puducherry India
| | - C. M. Mariaselvam
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER); Puducherry India
- INSERM, UMRS, U1160; Saint Louis Hospital; Paris France
| | - D. P. Misra
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER); Puducherry India
| | - N. Muralidharan
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER); Puducherry India
| | - C. Fortier
- Jean Dausset laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetics and LabExTransplantex; Saint Louis Hospital; Paris France
| | - D. Charron
- INSERM, UMRS, U1160; Saint Louis Hospital; Paris France
- Jean Dausset laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetics and LabExTransplantex; Saint Louis Hospital; Paris France
| | | | - R. Tamouza
- INSERM, UMRS, U1160; Saint Louis Hospital; Paris France
- Jean Dausset laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetics and LabExTransplantex; Saint Louis Hospital; Paris France
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30
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Wirestam L, Enocsson H, Skogh T, Eloranta ML, Rönnblom L, Sjöwall C, Wetterö J. Interferon-α coincides with suppressed levels of pentraxin-3 (PTX3) in systemic lupus erythematosus and regulates leucocyte PTX3 in vitro. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 189:83-91. [PMID: 28257596 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional elimination of cell debris, and the role of opsonins such as pentraxins, is of interest regarding systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. Interferon (IFN)-α is typically elevated during SLE flares, and inhibits hepatocyte production of the pentraxin 'C-reactive protein' (CRP), partly explaining the poor correlation between CRP levels and SLE disease activity. The extrahepatically produced 'pentraxin 3' (PTX3) shares waste disposal functions with CRP, but has not been studied extensively in SLE. We analysed serum PTX3 in SLE, and assessed its interference with IFN-α in vitro. Serum samples from 243 patients with SLE and 100 blood donors were analysed regarding PTX3. Patient sera were analysed for IFN-α, and genotyped for three PTX3 single nucleotide polymorphisms reported previously to associate with PTX3 levels. Stimulated PTX3 release was assessed in the presence or absence of IFN-α in blood donor neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Serum PTX3 was 44% lower in patients with SLE compared to blood donors (P < 0·0001) and correlated with leucocyte variables. Patients with undetectable IFN-α had 29% higher median PTX3 level than patients with detectable IFN-α (P = 0·01). PTX3 production by PBMC was inhibited by IFN-α, whereas neutrophil degranulation of PTX3 was increased. No differences in PTX3 levels were observed between the SNPs. In conclusion, median serum PTX3 is lower in SLE (especially when IFN-α is detectable) compared to blood donors. In addition to its potential consumption during waste disposal, it is plausible that IFN-α also attenuates PTX3 by inhibiting synthesis by PBMC and/or exhausting PTX3 storage in neutrophil granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wirestam
- Rheumatology/Division of Neuro and Inflammation Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - H Enocsson
- Rheumatology/Division of Neuro and Inflammation Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - T Skogh
- Rheumatology/Division of Neuro and Inflammation Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - M L Eloranta
- Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Rönnblom
- Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Sjöwall
- Rheumatology/Division of Neuro and Inflammation Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - J Wetterö
- Rheumatology/Division of Neuro and Inflammation Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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31
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Vezzoli M, Sciorati C, Campana L, Monno A, Doglio MG, Rigamonti E, Corna G, Touvier T, Castiglioni A, Capobianco A, Mantovani A, Manfredi AA, Garlanda C, Rovere-Querini P. The clearance of cell remnants and the regeneration of the injured muscle depend on soluble pattern recognition receptor PTX3. Mol Med 2016; 22:809-820. [PMID: 27900389 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The signals causing the resolution of muscle inflammation are only partially characterized. The long pentraxin PTX3, which modulates leukocyte recruitment and activation, could contribute. METHODS We analysed the expression of ptx3 after muscle injury and verified whether hematopoietic precursors are a source of the protein. The kinetics of regeneration and leukocytes infiltration, the accumulation of cell remnants and anti-histidyl-t-RNA synthetase autoantibodies were compared in wild-type and ptx3-deficient mice. RESULTS Ptx3 expression was up-regulated three-five days after injury and restricted to the extracellular matrix. Cellular debris and leukocytes persisted in the muscle of ptx3-deficient mice for a long time after wild-type animals had healed. ptx3-deficient macrophages expressed receptors involved in apoptotic cell clearance and engulfed dead cells in vitro. Accumulation of cell debris in a pro-inflammatory microenvironment was not sufficient to elicit autoantibodies. CONCLUSION PTX3 generated in response to muscle injury prompts the clearance of debris and the termination of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Vezzoli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Clara Sciorati
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Lara Campana
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonella Monno
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Doglio
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Rigamonti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Corna
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Thierry Touvier
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Castiglioni
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Capobianco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.,Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, School of Medicine, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, School of Medicine, Milano, Italy
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32
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Wang H, Cheng N, Dong J, Wang X, Han Y, Yang R, Han Y. Serum pentraxin 3 is elevated in patients with neurological Wilson's disease. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 462:178-182. [PMID: 27553858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of copper (Cu) metabolism, resulting in pathological accumulation of Cu in many organs and tissues, predominantly in the liver and brain. Cu deposition may lead to neuroinflammation in the brain of WD patients. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) may play an important role in innate immunity and in WD. We compared plasma PTX3 concentrations in WD patients and healthy controls, and to determine whether PTX3 concentration was associated with neurological disease severity. METHODS This study included 86 WD patients and 28 controls. Plasma PTX3 and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration levels were measured using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Disease severity was determined using the neurological Global Assessment Scale (GAS) for WD. RESULTS Plasma PTX3 levels were significantly higher in patients with neurological WD than in controls. PTX3 levels in WD patients were associated with neurological disease severity. However, there was no correlation between CRP and neurological GAS scores. CONCLUSIONS PTX3 represents a potential biochemical marker of disease severity in patients with neurological WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Cheng
- Hospital affiliated to Institute of Neurology, Anhui College of TCM, Hefei, China; Hefei Institute of Physical Science, CAS, China
| | - Jianjian Dong
- Hospital affiliated to Institute of Neurology, Anhui College of TCM, Hefei, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Han
- Hospital affiliated to Institute of Neurology, Anhui College of TCM, Hefei, China
| | - Renmin Yang
- Hospital affiliated to Institute of Neurology, Anhui College of TCM, Hefei, China
| | - Yongzhu Han
- Hospital affiliated to Institute of Neurology, Anhui College of TCM, Hefei, China.
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33
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Abstract
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an acute-phase protein involved in C1q clearance. The presence of anti-C1q and the absence of anti-PTX3 antibodies were associated with lupus glomerulonephritis (LGLN). Our aim was to assess soluble and kidney-expressed PTX3 and their relationships with anti-C1q and anti-PTX3 antibodies in LGLN. Serum PTX3, anti-C1q, anti-dsDNA, and anti-PTX3 antibodies were tested in 130 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, 130 healthy and 127 disease controls. Twenty-nine renal biopsies from SLE patients were analyzed and PTX3 immunostaining was quantified by morphometric analysis. Parametric and nonparametric statistics were performed. PTX3 serum levels were lower in SLE versus controls, but they were correlated with proteinuria in LGLN patients (p = 0.001). LGLN patients had higher anti-C1q and lower anti-PTX3 antibody levels than those without (p < 0.0001). LGLN was more prevalent in anti-C1q(+)/anti-PTX3(-) than in anti-C1q(+)/anti-PTX3(+) patients (p < 0.001). No LGLN was observed in anti-C1q(-)/anti-PTX3(+) patients. PTX3 was expressed in glomeruli and renal interstitium. Renal PTX3 was correlated with proteinuria (p = 0.024) and interstitial fibrosis (p = 0.023). PTX3 staining and fibrosis were higher in anti-PTX3(-) than anti-PTX3(+) patients. In conclusion, PTX3 is expressed in glomeruli of LGLN patients, primarily in anti-PTX3(-) patients, where it is correlated with renal fibrosis. Anti-C1q/anti-PTX3 antibody profile seems to be useful in LGLN assessment.
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34
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Gatto M, Ghirardello A, Luisetto R, Bassi N, Fedrigo M, Valente M, Valentino S, Del Prete D, Punzi L, Doria A. Immunization with pentraxin 3 (PTX3) leads to anti-PTX3 antibody production and delayed lupus-like nephritis in NZB/NZW F1 mice. J Autoimmun 2016; 74:208-216. [PMID: 27405845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-pentraxin 3 (PTX3) antibodies were associated with the absence of lupus glomerulonephritis in humans. AIM To explore the effects of anti-PTX3 antibodies in New Zealand Black/White (NZB/NZW F1) mice and their inherent mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS 30 NZB/NZW F1 mice were subdivided into 3 groups of 10 mice each and subcutaneously injected with PTX3, alum and PBS (group 1), alum and PBS (group 2) or PBS alone (group 3), 3 times 3 weeks apart, before development of renal disease. Mice were followed until natural death. Histological analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed on harvested kidneys. Effects of anti-PTX3 antibodies on C1q binding to immobilized PTX3-anti-PTX3 immune complexes were evaluated in vitro using human SLE sera. Qualitative characterization of human IgG anti-PTX3 was performed. RESULTS Only group 1 mice developed anti-PTX3 antibodies. Anti-dsDNA and anti-C1q antibodies appeared significantly later and at lower levels in group 1 mice vs. controls (p < 0.0001). Proteinuria-free and overall survival were significantly increased in group 1 mice vs. controls (p < 0.05 and p = 0.03, respectively). Histopathological analysis showed that glomerular and tubular PTX3 staining and renal lesions were increased in controls compared with immunized mice. Addition of human SLE sera positive for anti-PTX3 antibodies to C1q and fixed PTX3 interfered with C1q binding to PTX3-anti-PTX3 immune complexes. Qualitative characterization of human IgG anti-PTX3 showed an increased proportion of IgG4. CONCLUSIONS Anti-PTX3 antibodies delay lupus-like nephritis and prolong survival of NZB/NZW F1 mice. In vitro observations suggest anti-PTX3 antibodies may dampen complement activation via their Fc fragment, likely hindering renal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele Gatto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35123, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Ghirardello
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35123, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Luisetto
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Bassi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35123, Padova, Italy
| | - Marny Fedrigo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35123, Padova, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Valente
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35123, Padova, Italy
| | - Sonia Valentino
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) -Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089, Milan, Italy
| | - Dorella Del Prete
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine DIMED, Laboratory of Histomorphology and Molecular Biology of the Kidney, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35123, Padua, Italy
| | - Leonardo Punzi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35123, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35123, Padova, Italy.
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Serum Amyloid P Contained in Alveolar Fluid From Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Mediates the Inhibition of Monocyte Differentiation into Fibrocyte. Crit Care Med 2016; 44:e563-73. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Maugeri N, Rovere-Querini P, Manfredi AA. Disruption of a Regulatory Network Consisting of Neutrophils and Platelets Fosters Persisting Inflammation in Rheumatic Diseases. Front Immunol 2016; 7:182. [PMID: 27242789 PMCID: PMC4871869 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A network of cellular interactions that involve blood leukocytes and platelets maintains vessel homeostasis. It plays a critical role in the response to invading microbes by recruiting intravascular immunity and through the generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and immunothrombosis. Moreover, it enables immune cells to respond to remote chemoattractants by crossing the endothelial barrier and reaching sites of infection. Once the network operating under physiological conditions is disrupted, the reciprocal activation of cells in the blood and the vessel walls determines the vascular remodeling via inflammatory signals delivered to stem/progenitor cells. A deregulated leukocyte/mural cell interaction is an early critical event in the natural history of systemic inflammation. Despite intense efforts, the signals that initiate and sustain the immune-mediated vessel injury, or those that enforce the often-prolonged phases of clinical quiescence in patients with vasculitis, have only been partially elucidated. Here, we discuss recent evidence that implicates the prototypic damage-associated molecular pattern/alarmin, the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein in systemic vasculitis and in the vascular inflammation associated with systemic sclerosis. HMGB1 could represent a player in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases and an attractive target for molecular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Maugeri
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele , Milano , Italy
| | | | - Angelo A Manfredi
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele , Milano , Italy
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Rajkovic I, Denes A, Allan SM, Pinteaux E. Emerging roles of the acute phase protein pentraxin-3 during central nervous system disorders. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 292:27-33. [PMID: 26943955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) is an acute phase protein (APP) and a member of the long pentraxin family that is recognised for its role in peripheral immunity and vascular inflammation in response to injury, infection and diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer and respiratory disease. Systemic levels of PTX3 are highly elevated in these conditions, and PTX3 is now recognised as a new biomarker of disease risk and progression. There is extensive evidence demonstrating that central nervous system (CNS) disorders are primarily characterised by central activation of innate immunity, as well as activation of a potent peripheral acute phase response (APR) that influences central inflammation and contributes to poor outcome. PTX3 has been recently recognised to play important roles in CNS disorders, having both detrimental and neuroprotective effects. The present review aims to give an up-to-date account of the emerging roles of PTX3 in CNS disorders, and to provide a critical comparison between peripheral and central actions of PTX3 in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Rajkovic
- Faculty of Life Sciences, A.V. Hill Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Adam Denes
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest H-1450, Hungary
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, A.V. Hill Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Life Sciences, A.V. Hill Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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TNF up-regulates Pentraxin3 expression in human airway smooth muscle cells via JNK and ERK1/2 MAPK pathways. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2015; 11:37. [PMID: 26644796 PMCID: PMC4671218 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-015-0104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a novel candidate marker for inflammation in many chronic diseases. As a soluble pattern recognition receptor, PTX3 is involved in amplification of inflammatory reactions and regulation of innate immunity. Previously, we demonstrate that human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMC) express constitutively PTX3 and upon TNF stimulation. However, very little is known about the mechanism governing its expression in HASMC. We sought to investigate the mechanism governing TNF induced PTX3 expression in primary HASMC. METHODS HASMC were stimulated with TNF in the presence of transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D (ActD) or MAPKs pharmacological inhibitors. PTX3 mRNA and protein expression were analyzed by Real-time RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. PTX3 promoter activity was determined using luciferase assay. RESULTS PTX3 mRNA and protein are expressed constitutively by HASMC and significantly up-regulated by TNF. TNF-induced PTX3 mRNA and protein release in HASMC were inhibited by transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D. TNF induced significantly PTX3 promoter activation in HASMC. MAPK JNK and ERK1/2 specific inhibitors (SP600125 and UO126), but not p38, significantly down regulates TNF induced PTX3 promoter activity and protein release in HASMC. Finally, TNF mediated PTX3 promoter activity in HASMC was abolished upon mutation of NF-κβ and AP1 binding sites. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that TNF induced PTX3 in HASMC at least via a transcriptional mechanism that involved MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2), NF-κβ and AP1 pathways. These results rise the possibility that HASMC derived PTX3 may participate in immune regulation in the airways.
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Abstract
Eukaryotes have evolved strategies to detect microbial intrusion and instruct immune responses to limit damage from infection. Recognition of microbes and cellular damage relies on the detection of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs, also called PAMPS, or pathogen-associated molecular patterns) and so-called "danger signals" by various families of host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Members of the recently identified protein family of nucleotide-binding domain andleucine-rich-repeat-containing proteins (NLR), including Nod1, Nod2, NLRP3, and NLRC4, have been shown to detect specific microbial motifs and danger signals for regulating host inflammatory responses. Moreover, with the discovery that polymorphisms in NOD1, NOD2, NLRP1, and NLRP3 are associated with susceptibility to chronic inflammatory disorders, the view has emerged that NLRs act not only as sensors butalso can serve as signaling platforms for instructing and balancing host immune responses. In this chapter, we explore the functions of these intracellular innate immune receptors and examine their implication in inflammatory diseases.
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Park KS, Kim JW, An JH, Woo JM. Elevated plasma pentraxin 3 and its association with retinal vein occlusion. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014; 28:460-5. [PMID: 25435748 PMCID: PMC4239464 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2014.28.6.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate plasma pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and investigate the possibility of its role as a predictive biomarker. Methods Nested case-control study. The study included 57 patients with RVO and 45 age- and gender-matched subjects without RVO as controls. Plasma PTX3 and C-reactive protein concentration were measured in both groups a posteriori from frozen samples by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results The measured PTX3 value for the RVO group was 1,508 ± 1,183 pg/mL (mean ± standard deviation) and 833 ± 422 pg/mL for the controls (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in PTX3 levels between patients with central retinal vein occlusion and branched retinal vein occlusion (1,468 ± 1,300 vs. 1,533 ± 1,121 pg/mL; p = 0.818). Conclusions Our data seems to support the role of chronic inflammation and ischemia in the development of RVO. It is possible that PTX3 can be used as a diagnostic biomarker of RVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Soo Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Ji Wan Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jae Hwan An
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Je Moon Woo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
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Systemic pentraxin-3 levels reflect vascular enhancement and progression in Takayasu arteritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:479. [PMID: 25394473 PMCID: PMC4245785 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-014-0479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Progression of arterial involvement is often observed in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA) thought to be in remission. This reflects the failure of currently used biomarkers and activity criteria to detect smouldering inflammation occurring within arterial wall. Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) is a soluble pattern recognition receptor produced at sites of inflammation and could reveal systemic as well as localized inflammatory processes. We verified whether the blood concentrations of PTX3 and of C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA) might reflect vascular wall involvement, as assessed by signal enhancement after contrast media administration, and the progression of arterial involvement. Methods A cross-sectional single-centre study was carried out on 42 patients with TA that comprised assessment of PTX3, of CRP and erythrocyte sedimentation velocity (ESR). In total, 20 healthy controls and 20 patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) served as controls. Vascular imaging was carried out by magnetic resonance angiography, doppler ultrasonography and computed tomography angiography. Results Patients with TA and SLE had higher plasmatic PTX3 and CRP concentrations than healthy controls (P = 0.009 and 0.017, respectively). PTX3 levels did not correlate with those of CRP. Patients with active systemic TA had significantly higher concentrations of CRP but similar levels of PTX3 than patients with quiescent disease. In contrast, patients with vascular inflammation detectable at imaging had higher PTX3 concentrations (P = 0.016) than those in which vessel inflammation was not evident, while CRP levels were similar. The concentration of PTX3 but not that of CRP was significantly higher in TA patients with worsening arterial lesions that were not receiving antagonists of tumor necrosis factor-α or interleukin-6. Conclusions Arterial inflammation and progression of vascular involvement influence plasma PTX3 levels in TA, while levels of CRP accurately reflect the burden of systemic inflammation. These results support the contention that PTX3 reflects different aspects of inflammation than CRP and might represent a biomarker of actual arteritis in TA.
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Ketter PM, Guentzel MN, Schaffer B, Herzig M, Wu X, Montgomery RK, Parida BK, Fedyk CG, Yu JJ, Jorgensen J, Chambers JP, Cap AP, Arulanandam BP. Severe Acinetobacter baumannii sepsis is associated with elevation of pentraxin 3. Infect Immun 2014; 82:3910-8. [PMID: 25001601 PMCID: PMC4187799 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01958-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is among the most prevalent bacterial pathogens associated with trauma-related wound and bloodstream infections. Although septic shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation have been reported following fulminant A. baumannii sepsis, little is known about the protective host immune response to this pathogen. In this study, we examined the role of PTX3, a soluble pattern recognition receptor with reported antimicrobial properties and stored within neutrophil granules. PTX3 production by murine J774a.1 macrophages was assessed following challenge with A. baumannii strains ATCC 19606 and clinical isolates (CI) 77, 78, 79, 80, and 86. Interestingly, only CI strains 79, 80, and 86 induced PTX3 synthesis in murine J774a.1 macrophages, with greatest production observed following CI 79 and 86 challenge. Subsequently, C57BL/6 mice were challenged intraperitoneally with CI 77 and 79 to assess the role of PTX3 in vivo. A. baumannii strain CI 79 exhibited significantly (P < 0.0005) increased mortality, with an approximate 50% lethal dose (LD50) of 10(5) CFU, while an equivalent dose of CI 77 exhibited no mortality. Plasma leukocyte chemokines (KC, MCP-1, and RANTES) and myeloperoxidase activity were also significantly elevated following challenge with CI 79, indicating neutrophil recruitment/activation associated with significant elevation in serum PTX3 levels. Furthermore, 10-fold-greater PTX3 levels were observed in mouse serum 12 h postchallenge, comparing CI 79 to CI 77 (1,561 ng/ml versus 145 ng/ml), with concomitant severe pathology (liver and spleen) and coagulopathy. Together, these results suggest that elevation of PTX3 is associated with fulminant disease during A. baumannii sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beverly Schaffer
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Maryanne Herzig
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaowu Wu
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Robbie K Montgomery
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Bijaya K Parida
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Chriselda G Fedyk
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jieh-Juen Yu
- University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - James Jorgensen
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Andrew P Cap
- United States Army Institute for Surgical Research, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Ramirez GA, Maugeri N, Sabbadini MG, Rovere-Querini P, Manfredi AA. Intravascular immunity as a key to systemic vasculitis: a work in progress, gaining momentum. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 175:150-66. [PMID: 24128276 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular inflammation contributes to the defence against invading microbes and to the repair of injured tissues. In most cases it resolves before becoming apparent. Vasculitis comprises heterogeneous clinical entities that are characterized by the persistence of vascular inflammation after it has served its homeostatic function. Most underlying mechanisms have so far remained elusive. Intravascular immunity refers to the surveillance of the vasculature by leucocytes that sense microbial or sterile threats to vessel integrity and initiate protective responses that entail most events that determine the clinical manifestations of vasculitis, such as end-organ ischaemia, neutrophil extracellular traps generation and thrombosis, leucocyte extravasation and degranulation. Understanding how the resolution of vascular inflammation goes awry in patients with systemic vasculitis will facilitate the identification of novel pharmacological targets and bring us a step closer in each patient to the selection of more effective and less toxic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Ramirez
- Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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Aller MA, Arias JI, Arraez-Aybar LA, Gilsanz C, Arias J. Wound healing reaction: A switch from gestation to senescence. World J Exp Med 2014; 4:16-26. [PMID: 24977118 PMCID: PMC4073218 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v4.i2.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The repair of wounded tissue during postnatal life could be associated with the upregulation of some functions characteristic of the initial phases of embryonic development. The focusing of these recapitulated systemic functions in the interstitial space of the injured tissue is established through a heterogeneous endothelial barrier which has excretory-secretory abilities which in turn, would induce a gastrulation-like process. The repair of adult tissues using upregulated embryonic mechanisms could explain the universality of the inflammatory response against injury, regardless of its etiology. However, the early activation after the injury of embryonic mechanisms does not always guarantee tissue regeneration since their long-term execution is mediated by the host organism.
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Witasp A, Carrero JJ, Michaëlsson K, Ahlström H, Kullberg J, Adamsson V, Risérus U, Larsson A, Helmersson-Karlqvist J, Lind L, Stenvinkel P, Arnlöv J. Inflammatory biomarker pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in relation to obesity, body fat depots and weight loss. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:1373-9. [PMID: 24415446 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relation between inflammatory markers, adiposity and disease is under extensive study. Here we tested the hypothesis that the immunomodulatory protein pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is associated with adiposity in the general population. METHODS Serum PTX3 concentrations, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and fat depots, as quantified by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging, were assessed in three community-based cohorts: ULSAM, n = 790, mean age 78 years; PIVUS, n = 1003, mean age 70 years, women 50%; and the NORDIET-trial, n = 86, mean age 53 years, women 63%. Participants were re-examined after 5 years (PIVUS, n = 804) or following a 6-week randomized controlled dietary intervention (NORDIET). RESULTS PTX3 levels were inversely associated with BMI and WC as well as with total and visceral fat (P < 0.05 for all; adjusted for age, inflammatory biomarkers and cardiovascular risk factors). The association between PTX3 and BMI appeared even stronger in nonobese individuals. A decrease in BMI over 5 years as well as weight loss following the NORDIET intervention were associated with increased serum PTX3 concentrations (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These consistent data support an inverse association between circulating PTX3 and anthropometrical measures, calling for further mechanistic studies of the link between PTX3 and fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Witasp
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Serum inflammatory mediators as markers of human Lyme disease activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93243. [PMID: 24740099 PMCID: PMC3989169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and cytokines are key signaling molecules that orchestrate the trafficking of immune cells, direct them to sites of tissue injury and inflammation and modulate their states of activation and effector cell function. We have measured, using a multiplex-based approach, the levels of 58 immune mediators and 7 acute phase markers in sera derived from of a cohort of patients diagnosed with acute Lyme disease and matched controls. This analysis identified a cytokine signature associated with the early stages of infection and allowed us to identify two subsets (mediator-high and mediator-low) of acute Lyme patients with distinct cytokine signatures that also differed significantly (p<0.0005) in symptom presentation. In particular, the T cell chemokines CXCL9 (MIG), CXCL10 (IP-10) and CCL19 (MIP3B) were coordinately increased in the mediator-high group and levels of these chemokines could be associated with seroconversion status and elevated liver function tests (p = 0.027 and p = 0.021 respectively). There was also upregulation of acute phase proteins including CRP and serum amyloid A. Consistent with the role of CXCL9/CXCL10 in attracting immune cells to the site of infection, CXCR3+ CD4 T cells are reduced in the blood of early acute Lyme disease (p = 0.01) and the decrease correlates with chemokine levels (p = 0.0375). The levels of CXCL9/10 did not relate to the size or number of skin lesions but elevated levels of serum CXCL9/CXCL10 were associated with elevated liver enzymes levels. Collectively these results indicate that the levels of serum chemokines and the levels of expression of their respective chemokine receptors on T cell subsets may prove to be informative biomarkers for Lyme disease and related to specific disease manifestations.
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Min JK, Kim J, Woo JM. Elevated Plasma Pentraxin3 Levels and Its Association with Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2014; 23:205-11. [PMID: 24654791 DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2014.891755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate pentraxin3 (PTX3) levels in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (N-ARMD) and to investigate its role as a predictive biomarker. METHODS Thirty individuals with N-ARMD and 30 controls without N-ARMD were studied. Plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and PTX3 were measured in frozen samples using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS PTX3 concentration was 1341 ± 625 pg/mL (mean ± standard deviation) in N-ARMD patients, which was significantly higher than in control subjects (887 ± 478, p = 0.003). The mean CRP level was also significantly higher in N-ARMD (2121 ± 2300) than in control (748 ± 618, p = 0.004). Pearson's correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between PTX3 and CRP (r = 0.407, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Our data support the role of chronic inflammation in the development of ARMD. They also show PTX3 may contribute to efforts to understand pathogenesis of N-ARMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Kee Min
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Ulsan , Republic of Korea and
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Zhang S, Zhu YT, Chen SY, He H, Tseng SCG. Constitutive expression of pentraxin 3 (PTX3) protein by human amniotic membrane cells leads to formation of the heavy chain (HC)-hyaluronan (HA)-PTX3 complex. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:13531-42. [PMID: 24652286 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.525287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy chain (HC)-hyaluronan (HA), a complex formed by the covalent linkage between HC1 from the inter-α-trypsin inhibitor (IαI) and HA, purified from the human amniotic membrane (AM), is responsible for the anti-inflammatory, antiscarring, and antiangiogenic actions of the AM. This HC-HA complex is produced by constitutive expression of TNF-stimulated gene 6 and endogenous production of IαI by AM cells. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a prototypic long pentraxin that plays a non-redundant role in innate immunity against selected pathogens, also helps stabilize HC-HA to ensure female fertility. Here we noted strong positive PTX3 staining in the AM epithelium and compact stroma. PTX3 was constitutively expressed and secreted by cultured AM epithelial and stromal cells and, further, greatly up-regulated by TNF and IL-1β. Using an agarose overlay to trap the HA-containing matrix, the HC-HA-PTX3 complex was formed, as analyzed by Western blot analysis, by AM cells but not human skin fibroblasts, despite being cultured in the presence of serum and TNF. However, exogenous PTX3 helps human skin fibroblasts form the HC-HA-PTX3 complex with an agarose overlay. Furthermore, PTX3 can be coimmunoprecipitated with the HC-HA complex from agarose-overlaid AM cell extracts by an anti-human IαI antibody. Such a HC-HA-PTX3 complex can be reconstituted in vitro and exhibit similar effects as those reported for AM HC-HA-PTX3 on polarization of M2 macrophages. The tight binding between PTX3 and AM HC-HA withstands four runs of CsCl ultracentrifugation in the presence of 4 m GnHCl. These results indicate that PTX3 is constitutively expressed and secreted by AM cells as an integral component of the AM HC-HA-PTX3 complex and contributes to the biological function of AM HC-HA-PTX3.
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Rodriguez-Grande B, Swana M, Nguyen L, Englezou P, Maysami S, Allan SM, Rothwell NJ, Garlanda C, Denes A, Pinteaux E. The acute-phase protein PTX3 is an essential mediator of glial scar formation and resolution of brain edema after ischemic injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:480-8. [PMID: 24346689 PMCID: PMC3948128 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Acute-phase proteins (APPs) are key effectors of the immune response and are routinely used as biomarkers in cerebrovascular diseases, but their role during brain inflammation remains largely unknown. Elevated circulating levels of the acute-phase protein pentraxin-3 (PTX3) are associated with worse outcome in stroke patients. Here we show that PTX3 is expressed in neurons and glia in response to cerebral ischemia, and that the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a key driver of PTX3 expression in the brain after experimental stroke. Gene deletion of PTX3 had no significant effects on acute ischemic brain injury. In contrast, the absence of PTX3 strongly compromised blood-brain barrier integrity and resolution of brain edema during recovery after ischemic injury. Compromised resolution of brain edema in PTX3-deficient mice was associated with impaired glial scar formation and alterations in scar-associated extracellular matrix production. Our results suggest that PTX3 expression induced by proinflammatory signals after ischemic brain injury is a critical effector of edema resolution and glial scar formation. This highlights the potential role for inflammatory molecules in brain recovery after injury and identifies APPs, in particular PTX3, as important targets in ischemic stroke and possibly other brain inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matimba Swana
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Loan Nguyen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pavlos Englezou
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Samaneh Maysami
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nancy J Rothwell
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, MI, Italy
| | - Adam Denes
- 1] Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK [2] Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Satomura K, Torigoshi T, Koga T, Maeda Y, Izumi Y, Jiuchi Y, Miyashita T, Yamasaki S, Kawakami A, Aiba Y, Nakamura M, Komori A, Sato J, Ishibashi H, Motokawa S, Migita K. Serum amyloid A (SAA) induces pentraxin 3 (PTX3) production in rheumatoid synoviocytes. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-012-0630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Satomura
- Department of Rheumatology, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki 856-8562, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki 856-8562, Japan
| | - Takafumi Torigoshi
- Department of Rheumatology, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki 856-8562, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki 856-8562, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Koga
- Clinical Research Center, NHO Nagasaki Medical Center, Kubara 2-1001-1, Omura, Nagasaki 856-8562, Japan
| | - Yumi Maeda
- Department of Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasumori Izumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki 856-8562, Japan
| | - Yuka Jiuchi
- Department of Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Taiichiro Miyashita
- Department of Rheumatology, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki 856-8562, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamasaki
- Clinical Research Center, NHO Nagasaki Medical Center, Kubara 2-1001-1, Omura, Nagasaki 856-8562, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Clinical Research Center, NHO Nagasaki Medical Center, Kubara 2-1001-1, Omura, Nagasaki 856-8562, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Aiba
- Department of Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Minoru Nakamura
- Clinical Research Center, NHO Nagasaki Medical Center, Kubara 2-1001-1, Omura, Nagasaki 856-8562, Japan
| | - Atsumasa Komori
- Clinical Research Center, NHO Nagasaki Medical Center, Kubara 2-1001-1, Omura, Nagasaki 856-8562, Japan
| | - Junji Sato
- Research and Development Division, Eiken Chemical Co. Ltd, Nogi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ishibashi
- Clinical Research Center, NHO Nagasaki Medical Center, Kubara 2-1001-1, Omura, Nagasaki 856-8562, Japan
| | - Satoru Motokawa
- Department of Rheumatology, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki 856-8562, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki 856-8562, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Migita
- Department of Rheumatology, Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki 856-8562, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, NHO Nagasaki Medical Center, Kubara 2-1001-1, Omura, Nagasaki 856-8562, Japan
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