1
|
Johnston KJA, Cote AC, Hicks E, Johnson J, Huckins LM. Genetically Regulated Gene Expression in the Brain Associated With Chronic Pain: Relationships With Clinical Traits and Potential for Drug Repurposing. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:745-761. [PMID: 37678542 PMCID: PMC10924073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is a common, poorly understood condition. Genetic studies including genome-wide association studies have identified many relevant variants, which have yet to be translated into full understanding of chronic pain. Transcriptome-wide association studies using transcriptomic imputation methods such as S-PrediXcan can help bridge this genotype-phenotype gap. METHODS We carried out transcriptomic imputation using S-PrediXcan to identify genetically regulated gene expression associated with multisite chronic pain in 13 brain tissues and whole blood. Then, we imputed genetically regulated gene expression for over 31,000 Mount Sinai BioMe participants and performed a phenome-wide association study to investigate clinical relationships in chronic pain-associated gene expression changes. RESULTS We identified 95 experiment-wide significant gene-tissue associations (p < 7.97 × 10-7), including 36 unique genes and an additional 134 gene-tissue associations reaching within-tissue significance, including 53 additional unique genes. Of the 89 unique genes in total, 59 were novel for multisite chronic pain and 18 are established drug targets. Chronic pain genetically regulated gene expression for 10 unique genes was significantly associated with cardiac dysrhythmia, metabolic syndrome, disc disorders/dorsopathies, joint/ligament sprain, anemias, and neurologic disorder phecodes. Phenome-wide association study analyses adjusting for mean pain score showed that associations were not driven by mean pain score. CONCLUSIONS We carried out the largest transcriptomic imputation study of any chronic pain trait to date. Results highlight potential causal genes in chronic pain development and tissue and direction of effect. Several gene results were also drug targets. Phenome-wide association study results showed significant associations for phecodes including cardiac dysrhythmia and metabolic syndrome, thereby indicating potential shared mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keira J A Johnston
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Alanna C Cote
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Emily Hicks
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jessica Johnson
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Laura M Huckins
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reid MJA, Baxi SM, Sheira LA, Landay AL, Frongillo EA, Adedimeji A, Cohen MH, Wentz E, Gustafson DR, Merenstein D, Hunt PW, Tien PC, Weiser SD. Higher Body Mass Index Is Associated With Greater Proportions of Effector CD8+ T Cells Expressing CD57 in Women Living With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017; 75:e132-e141. [PMID: 28328551 PMCID: PMC5503764 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A low proportion of CD28CD8 T cells that express CD57 is associated with increased mortality in HIV infection. The effect of increasing body mass index (BMI) changes in the proportion of CD57CD28CD8 T cells among HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy is unknown. SETTING In a US cohort of HIV-infected women, we evaluated associations of BMI and waist circumference with 3 distinct CD8 T cell phenotypes: % CD28CD57CD8 T cells, % CD57 of CD28CD8 T cells, and % CD28 of all CD8 T cells. METHODS Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to estimate beta coefficients for each of 3 T-cell phenotypes. Covariates included HIV parameters (current and nadir CD4, current viral load), demographics (age, race, income, and study site), and lifestyle (tobacco and alcohol use) factors. RESULTS Of 225 participants, the median age was 46 years and 50% were obese (BMI >30 m/kg). Greater BMI and waist circumference were both associated with higher % CD28CD57CD8 T cells and % CD57 of all CD28CD8 T cells in multivariable analysis, including adjustment for HIV viral load (all P < 0.05). The association between greater BMI and the overall proportion of CD28 CD8 cells in fully adjusted models (0.078, 95% confidence interval: -0.053 to 0.209) was not significant. CONCLUSIONS In this analysis, greater BMI and waist circumference are associated with greater expression of CD57 on CD28CD8 T cells and a greater proportion of CD57CD28 CD8 T cells. These findings may indicate that increasing BMI is immunologically protective in HIV-infected women. Future research is needed to understand the prognostic importance of these associations on clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. A. Reid
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San
Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sanjiv M. Baxi
- Departmentof Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco,
California, USA
| | - Lila A. Sheira
- San Francisco General Hospital, Division of HIV, ID and Global Medicine, San
Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alan L. Landay
- Department of Immunology-Microbiology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois,
USA
| | - Edward A. Frongillo
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia,
South Carolina, USA
| | - Adebola Adedimeji
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Mardge H. Cohen
- Department of Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County,
Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eryka Wentz
- Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) Data Management and Analysis
Center (WDMAC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah R Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York - Downstate, Brooklyn,
USA
| | - Daniel Merenstein
- Department of Family Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.,
USA
| | - Peter W. Hunt
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San
Francisco, California, USA
- San Francisco General Hospital, Division of HIV, ID and Global Medicine, San
Francisco, California, USA
| | - Phyllis C. Tien
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San
Francisco, California, USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California,
USA
| | - Sheri D. Weiser
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San
Francisco, California, USA
- San Francisco General Hospital, Division of HIV, ID and Global Medicine, San
Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yoshida K, Nakashima E, Kyoizumi S, Hakoda M, Hayashi T, Hida A, Ohishi W, Kusunoki Y. Metabolic Profile as a Potential Modifier of Long-Term Radiation Effects on Peripheral Lymphocyte Subsets in Atomic Bomb Survivors. Radiat Res 2016; 186:275-82. [PMID: 27541825 DOI: 10.1667/rr14336.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Immune system impairments reflected by the composition and function of circulating lymphocytes are still observed in atomic bomb survivors, and metabolic abnormalities including altered blood triglyceride and cholesterol levels have also been detected in such survivors. Based on closely related features of immune and metabolic profiles of individuals, we investigated the hypothesis that long-term effects of radiation exposure on lymphocyte subsets might be modified by metabolic profiles in 3,113 atomic bomb survivors who participated in health examinations at the Radiation Effect Research Foundation, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, in 2000-2002. The lymphocyte subsets analyzed involved T-, B- and NK-cell subsets, and their percentages in the lymphocyte fraction were assessed using flow cytometry. Health examinations included metabolic indicators, body mass index, serum levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein and hemoglobin A1c, as well as diabetes and fatty liver diagnoses. Standard regression analyses indicated that several metabolic indicators of obesity/related disease, particularly high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, were positively associated with type-1 helper T- and B-cell percentages but were inversely associated with naïve CD4 T and NK cells. A regression analysis adjusted for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol revealed a radiation dose relationship with increasing NK-cell percentage. Additionally, an interaction effect was suggested between radiation dose and C-reactive protein on B-cell percentage with a negative coefficient of the interaction term. Collectively, these findings suggest that radiation exposure and subsequent metabolic profile changes, potentially in relationship to obesity-related inflammation, lead to such long-term alterations in lymphocyte subset composition. Because this study is based on cross-sectional and exploratory analyses, the implications regarding radiation exposure, metabolic profiles and circulating lymphocytes warrant future longitudinal and molecular mechanistic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Masayuki Hakoda
- e Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Ayumi Hida
- d Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki, Japan; and
| | - Waka Ohishi
- c Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun H, Liu P, Nolan LK, Lamont SJ. Thymus transcriptome reveals novel pathways in response to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli infection. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2803-2814. [PMID: 27466434 PMCID: PMC5144662 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) can cause significant morbidity in chickens. The thymus provides the essential environment for T cell development; however, the thymus transcriptome has not been examined for gene expression in response to APEC infection. An improved understanding of the host genomic response to APEC infection could inform future breeding programs for disease resistance and APEC control. We therefore analyzed the transcriptome of the thymus of birds challenged with APEC, contrasting susceptible and resistant phenotypes. Thousands of genes were differentially expressed in birds of the 5-day post infection (dpi) challenged-susceptible group vs. 5 dpi non-challenged, in 5 dpi challenged-susceptible vs. 5 dpi challenged-resistant birds, as well as in 5 dpi vs. one dpi challenged-susceptible birds. The Toll-like receptor signaling pathway was the major innate immune response for birds to respond to APEC infection. Moreover, lysosome and cell adhesion molecules pathways were common mechanisms for chicken response to APEC infection. The T-cell receptor signaling pathway, cell cycle, and p53 signaling pathways were significantly activated in resistant birds to resist APEC infection. These results provide a comprehensive assessment of global gene networks and biological functionalities of differentially expressed genes in the thymus under APEC infection. These findings provide novel insights into key molecular genetic mechanisms that differentiate host resistance from susceptibility in this primary lymphoid tissue, the thymus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China, 225009.,Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - P Liu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - L K Nolan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - S J Lamont
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Heidargholizadeh S, Aydos SE, Yukselten Y, Ozkavukcu S, Sunguroglu A, Aydos K. A differential cytokine expression profile before and after rFSH treatment in Sertoli cell cultures of men with nonobstructive azoospermia. Andrologia 2016; 49. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Heidargholizadeh
- Department of Medical Biology; School of Medicine; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
| | - S. E. Aydos
- Department of Medical Biology; School of Medicine; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Y. Yukselten
- Department of Medical Biology; School of Medicine; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
| | - S. Ozkavukcu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; School of Medicine; Assisted Reproduction Center; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
| | - A. Sunguroglu
- Department of Medical Biology; School of Medicine; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
| | - K. Aydos
- Department of Urology; School of Medicine; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee HC, Kim KO, Jeong YH, Lee SH, Jang BI, Kim TN. Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients withClostridium difficileInfection by Age Group. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2016; 67:81-6. [DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2016.67.2.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Chan Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyeong Ok Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yo Han Jeong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Si Hyung Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung Ik Jang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae Nyeun Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Furman D, Jojic V, Sharma S, Shen-Orr SS, Angel CJL, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Kidd BA, Maecker HT, Concannon P, Dekker CL, Thomas PG, Davis MM. Cytomegalovirus infection enhances the immune response to influenza. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:281ra43. [PMID: 25834109 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a β-herpesvirus present in a latent form in most people worldwide. In immunosuppressed individuals, CMV can reactivate and cause serious clinical complications, but the effect of the latent state on healthy people remains elusive. We undertook a systems approach to understand the differences between seropositive and negative subjects and measured hundreds of immune system components from blood samples including cytokines and chemokines, immune cell phenotyping, gene expression, ex vivo cell responses to cytokine stimuli, and the antibody response to seasonal influenza vaccination. As expected, we found decreased responses to vaccination and an overall down-regulation of immune components in aged individuals regardless of CMV status. In contrast, CMV-seropositive young adults exhibited enhanced antibody responses to influenza vaccination, increased CD8(+) T cell sensitivity, and elevated levels of circulating interferon-γ compared to seronegative individuals. Experiments with young mice infected with murine CMV also showed significant protection from an influenza virus challenge compared with uninfected animals, although this effect declined with time. These data show that CMV and its murine equivalent can have a beneficial effect on the immune response of young, healthy individuals, which may explain the ubiquity of CMV infection in humans and many other species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Furman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Vladimir Jojic
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shalini Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shai S Shen-Orr
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Biology, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Cesar J L Angel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Brian A Kidd
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Holden T Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Patrick Concannon
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Cornelia L Dekker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mark M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. The Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal key innate immune signatures in the host response to the gastrointestinal pathogen Campylobacter concisus. Infect Immun 2014; 83:832-45. [PMID: 25486993 DOI: 10.1128/iai.03012-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic species within the genus Campylobacter are responsible for a considerable burden on global health. Campylobacter concisus is an emergent pathogen that plays a role in acute and chronic gastrointestinal disease. Despite ongoing research on Campylobacter virulence mechanisms, little is known regarding the immunological profile of the host response to Campylobacter infection. In this study, we describe a comprehensive global profile of innate immune responses to C. concisus infection in differentiated THP-1 macrophages infected with an adherent and invasive strain of C. concisus. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), quantitative PCR (qPCR), mass spectrometry, and confocal microscopy, we observed differential expression of pattern recognition receptors and robust upregulation of DNA- and RNA-sensing molecules. In particular, we observed IFI16 inflammasome assembly in C. concisus-infected macrophages. Global profiling of the transcriptome revealed the significant regulation of a total of 8,343 transcripts upon infection with C. concisus, which included the activation of key inflammatory pathways involving CREB1, NF-κB, STAT, and interferon regulatory factor signaling. Thirteen microRNAs and 333 noncoding RNAs were significantly regulated upon infection, including MIR221, which has been associated with colorectal carcinogenesis. This study represents a major advance in our understanding of host recognition and innate immune responses to infection by C. concisus.
Collapse
|
9
|
Yoshida K, Nakashima E, Kubo Y, Yamaoka M, Kajimura J, Kyoizumi S, Hayashi T, Ohishi W, Kusunoki Y. Inverse associations between obesity indicators and thymic T-cell production levels in aging atomic-bomb survivors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91985. [PMID: 24651652 PMCID: PMC3961282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction of the naive T-cell population represents a deteriorating state in the immune system that occurs with advancing age. In animal model studies, obesity compromises the T-cell immune system as a result of enhanced adipogenesis in primary lymphoid organs and systemic inflammation. In this study, to test the hypothesis that obesity may contribute to the aging of human T-cell immunity, a thousand atomic-bomb survivors were examined for obesity status and ability to produce naive T cells, i.e., T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) numbers in CD4 and CD8 T cells. The number of TRECs showed a strong positive correlation with naive T cell numbers, and lower TREC numbers were associated with higher age. We found that the TREC number was inversely associated with levels of obesity indicators (BMI, hemoglobin A1c) and serum CRP levels. Development of type-2 diabetes and fatty liver was also associated with lower TREC numbers. This population study suggests that obesity with enhanced inflammation is involved in aging of the human T-cell immune system. Given the fact that obesity increases the risk of numerous age-related diseases, attenuated immune competence is a possible mechanistic link between obesity and disease development among the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Yoshida
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Eiji Nakashima
- Department of Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kubo
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mika Yamaoka
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junko Kajimura
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Seishi Kyoizumi
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hayashi
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Waka Ohishi
- Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kusunoki
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Furman D, Jojic V, Kidd B, Shen-Orr S, Price J, Jarrell J, Tse T, Huang H, Lund P, Maecker HT, Utz PJ, Dekker CL, Koller D, Davis MM. Apoptosis and other immune biomarkers predict influenza vaccine responsiveness. Mol Syst Biol 2013; 9:659. [PMID: 23591775 PMCID: PMC3658270 DOI: 10.1038/msb.2013.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of the immune system in many diseases, there are currently no objective benchmarks of immunological health. In an effort to identifying such markers, we used influenza vaccination in 30 young (20-30 years) and 59 older subjects (60 to >89 years) as models for strong and weak immune responses, respectively, and assayed their serological responses to influenza strains as well as a wide variety of other parameters, including gene expression, antibodies to hemagglutinin peptides, serum cytokines, cell subset phenotypes and in vitro cytokine stimulation. Using machine learning, we identified nine variables that predict the antibody response with 84% accuracy. Two of these variables are involved in apoptosis, which positively associated with the response to vaccination and was confirmed to be a contributor to vaccine responsiveness in mice. The identification of these biomarkers provides new insights into what immune features may be most important for immune health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Furman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Vladimir Jojic
- Department of Computer Science, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Brian Kidd
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Shai Shen-Orr
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jordan Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Justin Jarrell
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Tse
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Peder Lund
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Holden T Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Utz
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Cornelia L Dekker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Daphne Koller
- Department of Computer Science, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mark M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Niu N, Qin X. New insights into IL-7 signaling pathways during early and late T cell development. Cell Mol Immunol 2013; 10:187-9. [PMID: 23584490 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2013.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Na Niu
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Louie TJ, Miller MA, Crook DW, Lentnek A, Bernard L, High KP, Shue YK, Gorbach SL. Effect of age on treatment outcomes in Clostridium difficile infection. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013; 61:222-30. [PMID: 23379974 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of advancing age on the clinical outcomes of Clostridium difficile (CDI) treatment. DESIGN Regression modeling of results from two double-blind randomized multicenter studies on the treatment of primary and first recurrent cases of CDI to examine for effects of age and study drug on outcomes of cure (resolution of diarrhea), recurrence within 4 weeks of completing successful therapy, and cure without recurrence. SETTING Participants were randomized into studies in the United States, Canada, and Europe. PARTICIPANTS Nine hundred ninety-nine individuals with toxin-positive CDI were randomized to receive vancomycin (125 mg 4 times daily) or fidaxomicin (200 mg twice daily) for 10 days. MEASUREMENTS The effect of advancing age in those aged 18 to 40 years and in 10-year increments thereafter was examined. RESULTS The model predicts a 17% lower clinical cure, 17% greater recurrence, and 13% lower sustained clinical response by advancing decade than in those younger than 40 (P < .01 each). Clinical cure was similar in the fidaxomicin and vancomycin treatment groups, although fidaxomicin was associated with a more than 50% lower relative risk for recurrence than vancomycin (P < .001). Multivariate regression modeling showed that risk factors accounting for poorer outcomes with advancing age include infection with the BI strain type, inpatient status, renal insufficiency, leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, and concomitant medication exposure. CONCLUSION Measurable and progressive deterioration in CDI treatment outcomes occurred with advancing age in those aged 40 and older, highlighting the need for prevention and treatment strategies. Fidaxomicin treatment was associated with a 60% lower risk of recurrence than vancomycin after adjusting for age, concomitant antibiotics, and C. difficile strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Louie
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Scott WR, Batterham RL. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: understanding weight loss and improvements in type 2 diabetes after bariatric surgery. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 301:R15-27. [PMID: 21474429 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00038.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity increases the likelihood of diseases like type 2 diabetes (T2D), heart disease, and cancer, and is one of the most serious public health problems of this century. In contrast to ineffectual prevention strategies, lifestyle modifications, and pharmacological therapies, bariatric surgery is a very effective treatment for morbid obesity and also markedly improves associated comorbidities like T2D. However, weight loss and resolution of T2D after bariatric surgery is heterogeneous and specific to type of bariatric procedure performed. Conventional mechanisms like intestinal malabsorption and gastric restriction do not fully explain this, and potent changes in appetite and the enteroinsular axis, as a result of anatomical reorganization and altered hormonal, neuronal, and nutrient signaling, are the portended cause. Uniquely these signaling changes appear to override vigorous homeostatic defenses of stable body weight and compelling self-gratifying motivations to eat and to reverse defects in beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity. Here we review mechanisms of weight loss and T2D resolution after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy bariatric surgery, two markedly different procedures with robust clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William R Scott
- Centre for Obesity Research, Dept. of Medicine, Rayne Institute, University College London, WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|