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Jiao Q, Zhi L, You B, Wang G, Wu N, Jia Y. Skin homeostasis: Mechanism and influencing factors. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:1518-1526. [PMID: 38409936 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin is the largest organ in the human body, not only resisting the invasion of harmful substances, but also preventing the loss of moisture and nutrients. Maintaining skin homeostasis is a prerequisite for the proper functioning of the body. Any damage to the skin can lead to a decrease in local homeostasis, such as ultraviolet radiation, seasonal changes, and air pollution, which can damage the skin tissue and affect the function of the skin barrier. OBJECTIVE This article reviews the maintenance mechanism and influencing factors of skin homeostasis and the symptoms of homeostasis imbalance. METHODS We searched for articles published between 1990 and 2022 in English and Chinese using PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and other databases in the subject area of dermatology, using the following search terms in various combinations: "skin homeostasis," "skin barrier," and "unstable skin." Based on our results, we further refined our search criteria to include a series of common skin problems caused by the destruction of skin homeostasis and its treatments. Limitations include the lack of research on dermatological and cosmetic problems triggered by the disruption of skin homeostasis. RESULTS This study describes the neuroendocrine-immune system, skin barrier structure, and skin metabolic system that maintain skin homeostasis. In addition, we discuss several common symptoms that occur when skin homeostasis is out of balance, such as dryness, redness, acne, sensitivity, and aging, and explain the mechanism of these symptoms. CONCLUSION This article provides an update and review for students and practitioners, and provides a theoretical basis for the development of skin care products for the maintenance and repair of skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Leilei Zhi
- R&D Center, PeiLai Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing You
- R&D Center, PeiLai Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Nan Wu
- R&D Center, PeiLai Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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2
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He X, Gao X, Xie W. Research Progress in Skin Aging and Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4101. [PMID: 38612909 PMCID: PMC11012511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is a complex process involving structural and functional changes and is characterized by a decrease in collagen content, reduced skin thickness, dryness, and the formation of wrinkles. This process is underpinned by multiple mechanisms including the free radical theory, inflammation theory, photoaging theory, and metabolic theory. The skin immune system, an indispensable part of the body's defense mechanism, comprises macrophages, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and mast cells. These cells play a pivotal role in maintaining skin homeostasis and responding to injury or infection. As age advances, along with various internal and external environmental stimuli, skin immune cells may undergo senescence or accelerated aging, characterized by reduced cell division capability, increased mortality, changes in gene expression patterns and signaling pathways, and altered immune cell functions. These changes collectively impact the overall function of the immune system. This review summarizes the relationship between skin aging and immunity and explores the characteristics of skin aging, the composition and function of the skin immune system, the aging of immune cells, and the effects of these cells on immune function and skin aging. Immune dysfunction plays a significant role in skin aging, suggesting that immunoregulation may become one of the important strategies for the prevention and treatment of skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.H.); (X.G.)
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.H.); (X.G.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.H.); (X.G.)
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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D’Arino A, Caputo S, Eibenschutz L, Piemonte P, Buccini P, Frascione P, Bellei B. Skin Cancer Microenvironment: What We Can Learn from Skin Aging? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14043. [PMID: 37762344 PMCID: PMC10531546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural intrinsic process associated with the loss of fibrous tissue, a slower cell turnover, and a reduction in immune system competence. In the skin, the continuous exposition of environmental factors superimposes extrinsic damage, mainly due to ultraviolet radiation causing photoaging. Although not usually considered a pathogenic event, photoaging affects cutaneous biology, increasing the risk of skin carcinogenesis. At the cellular level, aging is typified by the rise of senescence cells a condition characterized by reduced or absent capacity to proliferate and aberrant hyper-secretory activity. Senescence has a double-edged sword in cancer biology given that senescence prevents the uncontrolled proliferation of damaged cells and favors their clearance by paracrine secretion. Nevertheless, the cumulative insults and the poor clearance of injured cells in the elderly increase cancer incidence. However, there are not conclusive data proving that aged skin represents a permissive milieu for tumor onset. On the other hand, tumor cells are capable of activating resident fibroblasts onto a pro-tumorigenic phenotype resembling those of senescent fibroblasts suggesting that aged fibroblasts might facilitate cancer progression. This review discusses changes that occur during aging that can prime neoplasm or increase the aggressiveness of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D’Arino
- Oncologic and Preventative Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS, 00141 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Caputo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS, 00141 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Eibenschutz
- Oncologic and Preventative Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS, 00141 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Piemonte
- Oncologic and Preventative Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS, 00141 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Buccini
- Oncologic and Preventative Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS, 00141 Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Frascione
- Oncologic and Preventative Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS, 00141 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS, 00141 Rome, Italy
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Van Coile L, Verhaeghe E, Ongenae K, Destrooper L, Mohamadi Z, Brochez L, Hoorens I. The therapeutic dilemma of basal cell carcinoma in older adults: A review of the current literature. J Geriatr Oncol 2023; 14:101475. [PMID: 36990928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2023.101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer is known to be a significant health care threat due to the massively increasing numbers of diagnoses. In 2019, 4 million basal cell carcinoma (BCC) cases were diagnosed globally, making BCC the most frequent of all cancers worldwide in fair skinned populations. Given the increasing life-expectancy for all countries worldwide (by 2050, the world's population of people aged 60 years and older will have doubled), the incidence of BCC is expected to keep increasing in the future. Management of BCCs is challenging, especially among older adults, as mortality due to BCCs is extremely rare, whereas locally destructive growth can cause significant morbidity in certain cases. Therapeutic management in this population is further hampered because of the presence of comorbidities, frailty, and the heterogeneity of these aspects in older patients, leading to treatment dilemmas. A literature review was conducted to identify relevant patient, tumour, and treatment related factors that should be considered in the decision making for BCC treatment in older adults. This narrative review synthesizes all aspects concerning BCC treatment in older adults and aims to make some specific suggestions considering BCC treatment in older adults that can be used in daily practice. We found that nodular BCC was found to be the most common subtype in older adults, most frequently located in the head and neck region. In non-facial BCCs, current literature has shown no significant impact on the quality of life (QoL) in older patients. Besides comorbidity scores, functional status should guide clinicians in treatment decisions. Taking all aspects into account when making treatment decisions is of great importance. When treating superficial BCCs on difficult-to-reach lesions in older adults, a clinician-administered treatment should be suggested because of possible impaired mobility in these patients. Based on current literature, we recommend assessing the comorbidities, the functional status, and frailty in older patients with BCC to evaluate life expectancy. In patients with low-risk BCCs and a limited life expectancy (LLE), an active surveillance or watchful waiting strategy can be suggested.
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Role of Senescent Cells in Cutaneous Wound Healing. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121731. [PMID: 36552241 PMCID: PMC9775319 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence has gained increasing attention in the field of aging research. Senescent cells have been implicated in biological aging processes, tumorigenesis, development, and wound repair amongst other processes and pathologies. Recent findings reveal that senescent cells can both promote and inhibit cutaneous wound healing processes. Relating senescent cells in acute and chronic wounds will help to clarify their role in wound healing processes and inform our understanding of senescent cell heterogeneity. To clarify this apparent contradiction and guide future research and therapeutic development, we will review the rapidly growing field of cellular senescence and its role in wound healing biology.
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Photoaging: UV radiation-induced inflammation and immunosuppression accelerate the aging process in the skin. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:817-831. [PMID: 35748903 PMCID: PMC9307547 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive exposure of the skin to UV radiation (UVR) triggers a remodeling of the immune system and leads to the photoaging state which is reminiscent of chronological aging. Over 30 years ago, it was observed that UVR induced an immunosuppressive state which inhibited skin contact hypersensitivity. Methods Original and review articles encompassing inflammation and immunosuppression in the photoaging and chronological aging processes were examined from major databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Results Currently it is known that UVR treatment can trigger a cellular senescence and inflammatory state in the skin. Chronic low-grade inflammation stimulates a counteracting immunosuppression involving an expansion of immunosuppressive cells, e.g., regulatory T cells (Treg), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and regulatory dendritic cells (DCreg). This increased immunosuppressive activity not only suppresses the function of effector immune cells, a state called immunosenescence, but it also induces bystander degeneration of neighboring cells. Interestingly, the chronological aging process also involves an accumulation of pro-inflammatory senescent cells and signs of chronic low-grade inflammation, called inflammaging. There is also clear evidence that inflammaging is associated with an increase in anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities which promote immunosenescence. Conclusion It seems that photoaging and normal aging evoke similar processes driven by the remodeling of the immune system. However, it is likely that there are different molecular mechanisms inducing inflammation and immunosuppression in the accelerated photoaging and the chronological aging processes.
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7
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Charting host-microbe co-metabolism in skin aging and application to metagenomics data. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258960. [PMID: 34758050 PMCID: PMC8580226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During aging of human skin, a number of intrinsic and extrinsic factors cause the alteration of the skin’s structure, function and cutaneous physiology. Many studies have investigated the influence of the skin microbiome on these alterations, but the molecular mechanisms that dictate the interplay between these factors and the skin microbiome are still not fully understood. To obtain more insight into the connection between the skin microbiome and the human physiological processes involved in skin aging, we performed a systematic study on interconnected pathways of human and bacterial metabolic processes that are known to play a role in skin aging. The bacterial genes in these pathways were subsequently used to create Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), which were applied to screen for presence of defined functionalities in both genomic and metagenomic datasets of skin-associated bacteria. These models were further applied on 16S rRNA gene sequencing data from skin microbiota samples derived from female volunteers of two different age groups (25–28 years (‘young’) and 59–68 years (‘old’)). The results show that the main bacterial pathways associated with aging skin are those involved in the production of pigmentation intermediates, fatty acids and ceramides. This study furthermore provides evidence for a relation between skin aging and bacterial enzymes involved in protein glycation. Taken together, the results and insights described in this paper provide new leads for intervening with bacterial processes that are associated with aging of human skin.
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8
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Lutshumba J, Nikolajczyk BS, Bachstetter AD. Dysregulation of Systemic Immunity in Aging and Dementia. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:652111. [PMID: 34239415 PMCID: PMC8258160 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.652111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and the tissue-resident innate immune cells, the microglia, respond and contribute to neurodegenerative pathology. Although microglia have been the focus of work linking neuroinflammation and associated dementias like Alzheimer's Disease, the inflammatory milieu of brain is a conglomerate of cross-talk amongst microglia, systemic immune cells and soluble mediators like cytokines. Age-related changes in the inflammatory profile at the levels of both the brain and periphery are largely orchestrated by immune system cells. Strong evidence indicates that both innate and adaptive immune cells, the latter including T cells and B cells, contribute to chronic neuroinflammation and thus dementia. Neurodegenerative hallmarks coupled with more traditional immune system stimuli like infection or injury likely combine to trigger and maintain persistent microglial and thus brain inflammation. This review summarizes age-related changes in immune cell function, with special emphasis on lymphocytes as a source of inflammation, and discusses how such changes may potentiate both systemic and central nervous system inflammation to culminate in dementia. We recap the understudied area of AD-associated changes in systemic lymphocytes in greater detail to provide a unifying perspective of inflammation-fueled dementia, with an eye toward evidence of two-way communication between the brain parenchyma and blood immune cells. We focused our review on human subjects studies, adding key data from animal models as relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lutshumba
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Barbara S. Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Adam D. Bachstetter
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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9
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Scordo JM, Piergallini TJ, Reuter N, Headley CA, Hodara VL, Gonzalez O, Giavedoni LD, Papin JF, Turner J. Local immune responses to tuberculin skin challenge in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated baboons: a pilot study of younger and older animals. Immun Ageing 2021; 18:16. [PMID: 33827617 PMCID: PMC8024439 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Individuals over the age of 65 are highly susceptible to infectious diseases, which account for one-third of deaths in this age group. Vaccines are a primary tool to combat infection, yet they are less effective in the elderly population. While many groups have aimed to address this problem by studying vaccine-induced peripheral blood responses in the elderly, work from our lab and others demonstrate that immune responses to vaccination and infectious challenge may differ between tissue sites and the periphery. In this pilot study, we established an in vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity model of Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination and tuberculin skin test in two adult and two aged baboons. Vaccination generates BCG-specific immune cells that are recruited to the skin upon tuberculin challenge. We tested short term recall responses (8 weeks post-vaccination) and long term recall responses (25 weeks post-vaccination) by performing skin punch biopsies around the site of tuberculin injection. In short term recall responses, we found increased oxidation and decreased production of immune proteins in aged baboon skin at the site of TST challenge, in comparison to adult skin. Differences between adult and aged animals normalized in the long term response to tuberculin. In vitro, aged peripheral blood mononuclear cells had increased migration and functional responses to antigen-specific stimulation, suggesting that age-related changes in the tissue in vivo impairs aged immune recall responses to antigenic challenge. These findings highlight the impact of age-associated changes in the local tissue environment in memory recall responses, which may be more broadly applied to the study of other tissues. Moreover, these findings should be considered in future studies aimed at understanding and improving aging immune responses to vaccination and tissue challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Scordo
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- The University of Texas Health Science Center of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Tucker J Piergallini
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicole Reuter
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Vida L Hodara
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Olga Gonzalez
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - James F Papin
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Joanne Turner
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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10
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Kim M, Park T, Yun JI, Lim HW, Han NR, Lee ST. Investigation of Age-Related Changes in the Skin Microbiota of Korean Women. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101581. [PMID: 33066632 PMCID: PMC7602415 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota of human skin is influenced by host and environmental factors. To determine if chronological age influences the composition of the skin microbiota on the forehead and hands, 73 Korean women were sorted into one of three age groups: (1) 10-29 years (n = 24), (2) 30-49 years (n = 21), and (3) 50-79 years (n = 28). From the 73 women, 146 skin samples (two skin sites per person) were collected. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was then conducted to analyze the skin microbiota. The overall microbial distribution varied on the forehead but was similar on the hands across the three age groups. In addition, the composition of the skin microbiota differed between the forehead and hands. Commensal microbiota, such as Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Cutibacterium, and Corynebacterium, which contribute to maintaining skin health via dominant occupation, were affected by increasing age on forehead and hand skin. Alpha diversity indices increased significantly with age on forehead skin. This study indicates that older people may be more susceptible to pathogenic invasions due to an imbalanced skin microbiota resulting from age-related changes. The results of our study may help develop new strategies to rebalance skin microbiota shifted during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Tansol Park
- US Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA-ARS, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | | | - Hye Won Lim
- Shebah Biotech Inc., Chuncheon 24398, Korea;
| | - Na Rae Han
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Seung Tae Lee
- KustoGen Inc., Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
- Department of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-8638
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11
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Kim C, Jadhav RR, Gustafson CE, Smithey MJ, Hirsch AJ, Uhrlaub JL, Hildebrand WH, Nikolich-Žugich J, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Defects in Antiviral T Cell Responses Inflicted by Aging-Associated miR-181a Deficiency. Cell Rep 2019; 29:2202-2216.e5. [PMID: 31747595 PMCID: PMC6957231 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of protective immunity to infections and vaccinations declines with age. Studies in healthy individuals have implicated reduced miR-181a expression in T cells as contributing to this defect. To understand the impact of miR-181a expression on antiviral responses, we examined LCMV infection in mice with miR-181ab1-deficient T cells. We found that miR-181a deficiency delays viral clearance, thereby biasing the immune response in favor of CD4 over CD8 T cells. Antigen-specific CD4 T cells in mice with miR-181a-deficient T cells expand more and have a broader TCR repertoire with preferential expansion of high-affinity T cells than in wild-type mice. Importantly, generation of antigen-specific miR-181a-deficient CD8 effector T cells is particularly impaired, resulting in lower frequencies of CD8 T cells in the liver even at time points when the infection has been cleared. Consistent with the mouse model, CD4 memory T cells in individuals infected with West Nile virus at older ages tend to be more frequent and of higher affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulwoo Kim
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA
| | - Rohit R Jadhav
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA
| | - Claire E Gustafson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA
| | - Megan J Smithey
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Alec J Hirsch
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jennifer L Uhrlaub
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - William H Hildebrand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Janko Nikolich-Žugich
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA.
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12
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Age-specific changes in the molecular phenotype of patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:144-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Jugé R, Rouaud-Tinguely P, Breugnot J, Servaes K, Grimaldi C, Roth MP, Coppin H, Closs B. Shift in skin microbiota of Western European women across aging. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:907-916. [PMID: 29791788 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of our study was to compare the microbiota diversity between two different age groups of Western European women. METHODS AND RESULTS Skin-swab samples were collected directly on the forehead of 34 healthy Western European women: 17 younger (21-31 years old) and 17 older individuals (54-69 years old). Bacterial communities were evaluated using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Data revealed a higher alpha diversity on the skin of older individuals compared with younger ones. Overall microbiota structure was different between the two age groups, as demonstrated by beta diversity analysis, which also highlighted a high interpersonal variation within older individuals. Furthermore, taxonomic composition analysis showed both an increase in Proteobacteria and a decrease in Actinobacteria on the older skin. At the genus level, older skin exhibited a significant increase in Corynebacterium and a decrease in Propionibacterium relative abundance. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a shift in the distribution of skin microbiota during chronological aging in Western European women. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY Altogether these results could become the basis to develop new approaches aiming to rebalance the skin microbiota, which is modified during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jugé
- R&D department, SILAB, Brive-la-Gaillarde, France
| | | | - J Breugnot
- R&D department, SILAB, Brive-la-Gaillarde, France
| | - K Servaes
- R&D department, SILAB, Brive-la-Gaillarde, France
| | - C Grimaldi
- R&D department, SILAB, Brive-la-Gaillarde, France
| | - M-P Roth
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENUT, Toulouse, France
| | - H Coppin
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENUT, Toulouse, France
| | - B Closs
- R&D department, SILAB, Brive-la-Gaillarde, France
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Fighting against a protean enemy: immunosenescence, vaccines, and healthy aging. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2017; 4:1. [PMID: 29285399 PMCID: PMC5740164 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-017-0020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The progressive increase of the aged population worldwide mandates new strategies to ensure sustained health and well-being with age. The development of better and/or new vaccines against pathogens that affect older adults is one pivotal intervention in approaching this goal. However, the functional decline of various physiological systems, including the immune system, requires novel approaches to counteract immunosenescence. Although important progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying the age-related decline of the immune response to infections and vaccinations, knowledge gaps remain, both in the areas of basic and translational research. In particular, it will be important to better understand how environmental factors, such as diet, physical activity, co-morbidities, and pharmacological treatments, delay or contribute to the decline of the capability of the aging immune system to appropriately respond to infectious diseases and vaccination. Recent findings suggest that successful approaches specifically targeted to the older population can be developed, such as the high-dose and adjuvanted vaccines against seasonal influenza, the adjuvanted subunit vaccine against herpes zoster, as well as experimental interventions with immune-potentiators or immunostimulants. Learning from these first successes may pave the way to developing novel and improved vaccines for the older adults and immunocompromised. With an integrated, holistic vaccination strategy, society will offer the opportunity for an improved quality of life to the segment of the population that is going to increase most significantly in numbers and proportion over future decades.
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15
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Wu CC, Takahashi E, Asano N, Miyata-Takata T, Takata K, Furukawa K, Elsayed AA, Hu LM, Satou A, Kohno K, Kosugi H, Ohashi K, Kinoshita T, Nakamura S, Kato S. Primary cutaneous NK/T-cell lymphoma of nasal type: an age-related lymphoproliferative disease? Hum Pathol 2017; 68:61-68. [PMID: 28873353 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Among extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma of nasal type (NKTL), the extranasal variant (ENKTL) is known to have a worse prognosis with advanced clinical stage than the nasal variant of NKTL. However, detailed clinicopathological features of the localized extranasal disease have not been well documented in English literature. Here, we described the clinicopathological profiles of 14 patients with stage I ENKTL, including 7 in the skin, 5 in the gastrointestinal tract, and 2 in the central nervous system, highlighting the distinctiveness of the first. The 7 primary cutaneous (PCNKTL) cases were characterized by an older onset age (median, 76 versus 53 years, P=.012) and a more favorable clinical course (P=.041) compared with 17 patients with stages II-IV ENKTL that showed cutaneous involvement. The skin lesions in the PCNKTL group were distributed in the face or neck (n=4) and limbs (n=3) but not the trunk, which was most frequently affected (60%, P=.017) in the latter group. Furthermore, the stage I cutaneous disease showed a female predominance (male-female, 2:5 versus 7:0; P=.021) and a significantly more favorable survival compared with the noncutaneous stage I ENKTL (P=.037). These results suggest that PCNKTL constitute a distinct subgroup in the nasal-type lymphoma spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chieh Wu
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 807; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan 466-8560
| | - Emiko Takahashi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan 480-1195
| | - Naoko Asano
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Nagano Prefectural Suzaka Hospital, Suzaka, Japan 382-0091
| | - Tomoko Miyata-Takata
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan 700-8558
| | - Katsuyoshi Takata
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan 700-8558; Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Department of Pathology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Katsuya Furukawa
- Department of Hematology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan 503-8502
| | - Ahmed Ali Elsayed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan 466-8560; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 35516
| | - Lei-Ming Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan 466-8560; Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan 466-8560
| | - Akira Satou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan 466-8560; Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan 480-1195
| | - Kei Kohno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan 466-8560
| | - Hiroshi Kosugi
- Department of Hematology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan 503-8502
| | - Kenichi Ohashi
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan 236-0016
| | - Tomohiro Kinoshita
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan 464-8681
| | - Shigeo Nakamura
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan 466-8560
| | - Seiichi Kato
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan 466-8560; Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan 464-8681.
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16
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Bender JK, Faergemann J, Sköld M. Skin Health Connected to the Use of Absorbent Hygiene Products: A Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2017; 7:319-330. [PMID: 28667496 PMCID: PMC5574741 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-017-0189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, absorbent hygiene products such as baby diapers and incontinence products have become essential features of modern day life. Through innovation and enhanced technology, their design, composition and performance have been dramatically upgraded from their early forms, and they have transformed the lives of millions of people, improving their quality of life. Skin health related to the use of absorbent hygiene products has accordingly also greatly improved. Still, the wearing of absorbent hygiene products will affect the skin, and for some users the changes in microclimate, mechanical interactions and the exposure to urine and faeces may result in irritant contact dermatitis, i.e. diaper dermatitis (DD) or incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD). Babies with developing skin and the elderly with deteriorating skin functions who are the most frequent users of absorbent hygiene products are more vulnerable to the causal factors. Although irritant reactions are the most common, allergic contact dermatitis should be considered if a DD/IAD fails to improve by recommended actions. There is also a connection between IAD and pressure ulcer development of which it is important to be aware. A holistic approach of using high-quality absorbent hygiene products in combination with appropriate skin care will help maintaining good skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Faergemann
- Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
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17
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Zegarska B, Pietkun K, Giemza-Kucharska P, Zegarski T, Nowacki MS, Romańska-Gocka K. Changes of Langerhans cells during skin ageing. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2017; 34:260-267. [PMID: 28670257 PMCID: PMC5471382 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2017.67849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the process of skin ageing, changes occur in all skin layers and all cells, including the Langerhans cells. AIM To assess whether any quantitative difference in the number of CD1a+ LC cells/mm2 and HLA-DR+ LC cells/mm2 as well as in their morphological features can be observed during the course of different types of skin ageing. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted in a group of 60 women, which was divided into three independent groups: group I with symptoms of menopausal skin ageing, group II with symptoms of photoageing, group III with symptoms of chronological ageing. Skin biopsy samples were taken from the pre-auricular region from all of the participants. The number of CD1a+ LC cells/mm2 and HLA-DR+ LC cells/mm2 as well as their morphological features were evaluated. RESULTS The frequency of CD1a+ LC and HLA-DR+ LC in all the studied groups was diverse. In groups I and III, the LC with large cell bodies and long, multi-branched processes were the majority. In group II, the LC had small cell bodies and their processes were mainly short and unbranched. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results indicate the presence of quantitative and morphological changes of the CD1a+ LC and HLA-DR+ LC during the course of different types of skin ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zegarska
- Chair of Cosmetology and Aesthetic Dermatology, Ludwik Rydygier’s Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
- Clinica Dermatoestetica, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pietkun
- Chair of Cosmetology and Aesthetic Dermatology, Ludwik Rydygier’s Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Zegarski
- Centre for Physical Education and Sport, Ludwik Rydygier’s Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Maciej S. Nowacki
- Chair and Department of Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier’s Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Oncology Centre-Professor Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krystyna Romańska-Gocka
- Chair of Cosmetology and Aesthetic Dermatology, Ludwik Rydygier’s Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
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18
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miR-377 induces senescence in human skin fibroblasts by targeting DNA methyltransferase 1. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2663. [PMID: 28277545 PMCID: PMC5386568 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skin aging is a complicated physiological process and epigenetic feature, including microRNA-mediated regulation and DNA methylation, have been shown to contribute to this process. DNA methylation is regulated by DNA methyltransferase, of which DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is the most abundantly known. But evidence supporting its role in skin aging remains scarce, and no report regards its specifical upstream-regulating molecules in the process of skin aging so far. Here, we found that DNMT1 expression was markedly higher in young human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) than that in passage-aged HSFs, and DNMT1 knockdown significantly induced the senescence phenotype in young HSFs. We predicted the upstream miRNAs which could regulate DNMT1 with miRNA databases and found miR-377 had high homology with a sequence in the 3′-UTR of human DNMT1 mRNA. We confirmed that miR-377 was a potential regulator of DNMT1 by luciferase reporter assays. miR-377 expression in passage-aged HSFs was markedly higher than that in the young HSFs. miR-377 overexpression promoted senescence in young HSFs, and inhibition of miR-377 reduced senescence in passage-aged HSFs. Moreover, these functions were mediated by targeting DNMT1. Microfluidic PCR and next-generation bisulfite sequencing of 24 senescent-associated genes' promoters revealed alterations of the promoter methylation levels of FoxD3,p53, and UTF1 in HSFs treated with miR-377 mimics or inhibitors. We also verified that the miR-377-mediated changes in p53 expression could be reversed by regulation of DNMT1 in HSFs. Similarly, there was a negative correlation between miR-377 and DNMT1 expression in young and photoaged HSFs, HSFs, or skin tissues from UV-unexposed areas of different aged donors. Our results highlight a novel role for miR-377-DNMT1-p53 axis in HSF senescence. These findings shed new light on the mechanisms of skin aging and identify future opportunities for its therapeutic prevention.
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19
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Novel Gene Expression Profile of Women with Intrinsic Skin Youthfulness by Whole Transcriptome Sequencing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165913. [PMID: 27829007 PMCID: PMC5102383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
While much is known about genes that promote aging, little is known about genes that protect against or prevent aging, particularly in human skin. The main objective of this study was to perform an unbiased, whole transcriptome search for genes that associate with intrinsic skin youthfulness. To accomplish this, healthy women (n = 122) of European descent, ages 18–89 years with Fitzpatrick skin type I/II were examined for facial skin aging parameters and clinical covariates, including smoking and ultraviolet exposure. Skin youthfulness was defined as the top 10% of individuals whose assessed skin aging features were most discrepant with their chronological ages. Skin biopsies from sun-protected inner arm were subjected to 3’-end sequencing for expression quantification, with results verified by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Unbiased clustering revealed gene expression signatures characteristic of older women with skin youthfulness (n = 12) compared to older women without skin youthfulness (n = 33), after accounting for gene expression changes associated with chronological age alone. Gene set analysis was performed using Genomica open-access software. This study identified a novel set of candidate skin youthfulness genes demonstrating differences between SY and non-SY group, including pleckstrin homology like domain family A member 1 (PHLDA1) (p = 2.4x10-5), a follicle stem cell marker, and hyaluronan synthase 2-anti-sense 1 (HAS2-AS1) (p = 0.00105), a non-coding RNA that is part of the hyaluronan synthesis pathway. We show that immunologic gene sets are the most significantly altered in skin youthfulness (with the most significant gene set p = 2.4x10-5), suggesting the immune system plays an important role in skin youthfulness, a finding that has not previously been recognized. These results are a valuable resource from which multiple future studies may be undertaken to better understand the mechanisms that promote skin youthfulness in humans.
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20
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Weiss SA, Han J, Darvishian F, Tchack J, Han SW, Malecek K, Krogsgaard M, Osman I, Zhong J. Impact of aging on host immune response and survival in melanoma: an analysis of 3 patient cohorts. J Transl Med 2016; 14:299. [PMID: 27760559 PMCID: PMC5070187 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Age has been reported as an independent prognostic factor for melanoma-specific survival (MSS). We tested the hypothesis that age impacts the host anti-tumor immune response, accounting for age-specific survival outcomes in three unique melanoma patient cohorts. Methods We queried the U.S. population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER), the prospective tertiary care hospital-based Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (IMCG) biorepository, and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) biospecimen database to test the association of patient age at time of melanoma diagnosis with clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes. Age groups were defined as ≤45 (young), 46–65 (intermediate), and >65 (older). Each age group in the IMCG and TCGA cohorts was stratified by tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) measurements and tested for association with MSS. Differential expression of 594 immunoregulatory genes was assessed in a subset of primary melanomas in the IMCG and TCGA cohorts using an integrative pathway analysis. Results We analyzed 304, 476 (SEER), 1241 (IMCG), and 292 (TCGA) patients. Increasing age at melanoma diagnosis in both the SEER and IMCG cohorts demonstrated a positive correlation with tumor thickness, ulceration, stage, and mortality, however age in the TCGA cohort did not correlate with mortality. Older age was associated with shorter MSS in all three cohorts. When the young age group in both the IMCG and TCGA cohorts was stratified by TIL status, there were no differences in MSS. However, older IMCG patients with brisk TILs and intermediate aged TCGA patients with high lymphocyte scores (3–6) had improved MSS. Gene expression analysis revealed top pathways (T cell trafficking, communication, and differentiation) and top upstream regulators (CD3, CD28, IFNG, and STAT3) that significantly changed with age in 84 IMCG and 43 TCGA primary melanomas. Conclusions Older age at time of melanoma diagnosis is associated with shorter MSS, however age’s association with clinicopathologic features is dependent upon specific characteristics of the study population. TIL as a read-out of the host immune response may have greater prognostic impact in patients older than age 45. Recognition of age-related factors negatively impacting host immune responses may provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for the elderly. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-1026-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Weiss
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Han
- NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Farbod Darvishian
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy Tchack
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sung Won Han
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 650 First Ave., Room 512, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,American Express, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karolina Malecek
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,School of Industrial Management Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Michelle Krogsgaard
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iman Osman
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judy Zhong
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 650 First Ave., Room 512, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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21
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Steeper M, Plebanski M, Flanagan KL. The global challenge and future strategies for keeping the world's aging population healthy by vaccination. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2016; 110:427-31. [PMID: 27618919 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trw054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Steeper
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3181, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3181, Australia Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Commercial Road, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3181, Australia School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
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22
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Levin MJ, Weinberg A. Regulatory T Cells in Infections: Getting It Just Right. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:4-5. [PMID: 27117510 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Myron J Levin
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics Department of Medicine
| | - Adriana Weinberg
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics Department of Medicine Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
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23
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Milman N, Zhu J, Johnston C, Cheng A, Magaret A, Koelle DM, Huang ML, Jin L, Klock A, Layton ED, Corey L. In Situ Detection of Regulatory T Cells in Human Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) Reactivation and Their Influence on Spontaneous HSV-2 Reactivation. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:23-31. [PMID: 27117511 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) reactivation is accompanied by a sustained influx of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells that persist in genital tissue for extended periods. While CD4(+) T cells have long been recognized as being present in herpetic ulcerations, their role in subclinical reactivation and persistence is less well known, especially the role of CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs). METHODS We characterized the Treg (CD4(+)Foxp3(+)) population during human HSV-2 reactivation in situ in sequential genital skin biopsy specimens obtained from HSV-2-seropositive subjects at the time of lesion onset up to 8 weeks after healing. RESULTS High numbers of Tregs infiltrated to the site of viral reactivation and persisted in proximity to conventional CD4(+) T cells (Tconvs) and CD8(+) T cells. Treg density peaked during the lesion stage of the reactivation. The number of Tregs from all time points (lesion, healed, 2 weeks after healing, 4 weeks after healing, and 8 weeks after healing) was significantly higher than in control biopsy specimens from unaffected skin. There was a direct correlation between HSV-2 titer and Treg density. CONCLUSIONS The association of a high Treg to Tconv ratio with high viral shedding suggests that the balance between regulatory and effector T cells influences human HSV-2 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Milman
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Jia Zhu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Department of Laboratory Medicine
| | - Christine Johnston
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Department of Medicine
| | | | - Amalia Magaret
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Department of Laboratory Medicine Department of Medicine Department of Biostatistics
| | - David M Koelle
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Department of Laboratory Medicine Department of Medicine Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Lei Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
| | | | - Erik D Layton
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Department of Laboratory Medicine Department of Medicine
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24
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Fullerton JN, Gilroy DW. Resolution of inflammation: a new therapeutic frontier. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:551-67. [PMID: 27020098 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated inflammation is a central pathological process in diverse disease states. Traditionally, therapeutic approaches have sought to modulate the pro- or anti-inflammatory limbs of inflammation, with mixed success. However, insight into the pathways by which inflammation is resolved has highlighted novel opportunities to pharmacologically manipulate these processes - a strategy that might represent a complementary (and perhaps even superior) therapeutic approach. This Review discusses the state of the art in the biology of resolution of inflammation, highlighting the opportunities and challenges for translational research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Fullerton
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Derek W Gilroy
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
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25
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Vukmanovic-Stejic M, Sandhu D, Seidel JA, Patel N, Sobande TO, Agius E, Jackson SE, Fuentes-Duculan J, Suárez-Fariñas M, Mabbott NA, Lacy KE, Ogg G, Nestle FO, Krueger JG, Rustin MHA, Akbar AN. The Characterization of Varicella Zoster Virus-Specific T Cells in Skin and Blood during Aging. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1752-1762. [PMID: 25734814 PMCID: PMC4471118 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (VZV) increases during aging. Although the effects of VZV reactivation are observed in the skin (shingles), the number and functional capacity of cutaneous VZV-specific T cells have not been investigated. The numbers of circulating IFN-γ-secreting VZV-specific CD4(+) T cells are significantly decreased in old subjects. However, other measures of VZV-specific CD4(+) T cells, including proliferative capacity to VZV antigen stimulation and identification of VZV-specific CD4(+) T cells with an major histocompatibility complex class II tetramer (epitope of IE-63 protein), were similar in both age groups. The majority of T cells in the skin of both age groups expressed CD69, a characteristic of skin-resident T cells. VZV-specific CD4(+) T cells were significantly increased in the skin compared with the blood in young and old subjects, and their function was similar in both age groups. In contrast, the number of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells and expression of the inhibitory receptor programmed cell death -1 PD-1 on CD4(+) T cells were significantly increased in the skin of older humans. Therefore, VZV-specific CD4(+) T cells in the skin of older individuals are functionally competent. However, their activity may be restricted by multiple inhibitory influences in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daisy Sandhu
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; Department of Dermatology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Judith A Seidel
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Neil Patel
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; Department of Dermatology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Toni O Sobande
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elaine Agius
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; Department of Dermatology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Jackson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Neil A Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St Johns Institute of Dermatology, Guys and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Frank O Nestle
- St Johns Institute of Dermatology, Guys and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | | | - Arne N Akbar
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
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McCully ML, Collins PJ, Hughes TR, Thomas CP, Billen J, O'Donnell VB, Moser B. Skin Metabolites Define a New Paradigm in the Localization of Skin Tropic Memory T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:96-104. [PMID: 26002980 PMCID: PMC4472944 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The localization of memory T cells to human skin is essential for long-term immune surveillance and the maintenance of barrier integrity. The expression of CCR8 during naive T cell activation is controlled by skin-specific factors derived from epidermal keratinocytes and not by resident dendritic cells. In this study, we show that the CCR8-inducing factors are heat stable and protease resistant and include the vitamin D3 metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and PGE2. The effect of either metabolite alone on CCR8 expression was weak, whereas their combination resulted in robust CCR8 expression. Elevation of intracellular cAMP was essential because PGE2 could be substituted with the adenylyl cyclase agonist forskolin, and CCR8 expression was sensitive to protein kinase A inhibition. For effective induction, exposure of naive T cells to these epidermal factors needed to occur either prior to or during T cell activation even though CCR8 was only detected 4-5 d later in proliferating T cells. The importance of tissue environments in maintaining cellular immune surveillance networks within distinct healthy tissues provides a paradigm shift in adaptive immunity. Epidermal-derived vitamin D3 metabolites and PGs provide an essential cue for the localization of CCR8(+) immune surveillance T cells within healthy human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L McCully
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom; and
| | - Paul J Collins
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom; and
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom; and
| | - Christopher P Thomas
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jaak Billen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Leuven University Hospital, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valerie B O'Donnell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom; and
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom; and
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Abstract
With worldwide expansion of the aging population, research on age-related pathologies is receiving growing interest. In this review, we discuss current knowledge regarding the decline of skin structure and function induced by the passage of time (chronological aging) and chronic exposure to solar UV irradiation (photoaging). Nearly every aspect of skin biology is affected by aging. The self-renewing capability of the epidermis, which provides vital barrier function, is diminished with age. Vital thermoregulation function of eccrine sweat glands is also altered with age. The dermal collagenous extracellular matrix, which comprises the bulk of skin and confers strength and resiliency, undergoes gradual fragmentation, which deleteriously impacts skin mechanical properties and dermal cell functions. Aging also affects wound repair, pigmentation, innervation, immunity, vasculature, and subcutaneous fat homeostasis. Altogether, age-related alterations of skin lead to age-related skin fragility and diseases.
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Lambracht-Washington D, Rosenberg RN. A noninflammatory immune response in aged DNA Aβ42-immunized mice supports its safety for possible use as immunotherapy in AD patients. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:1274-81. [PMID: 25725942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging in the immune system results in tendency to proinflammatory responses. Intradermal DNA immunization showed Th2 polarized noninflammatory immune responses. We tested here 18-month-old mice which were immunized with Aβ42 peptide, DNA Aβ42 trimer, or 2 different prime boost protocols identical to previous experiments. High Aβ42 antibody levels were found in aged mice which had received peptide immunizations (900 μg/mL plasma), and in mice which had received peptide prime and DNA boost immunizations (500 μg/mL), compared with antibodies in DNA Aβ42 immunized mice with 50 μg/mL. Although we found T-cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokines in mice which had received peptide or prime boost immunization, these were not found in DNA-immunized mice. The results are concordant with proinflammatory responses because of immunosenescence and contraindicate the use of Aβ42 peptide immunizations or prime boost immunization protocols for the use in elderly Alzheimer's disease patients. DNA Aβ42 immunization only on the other hand does lead to effective levels of antibodies without inflammatory cytokine or T-cell responses in the aged animal model tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Lambracht-Washington
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Roger N Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Nikolich-Žugich J. Aging of the T cell compartment in mice and humans: from no naive expectations to foggy memories. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 193:2622-9. [PMID: 25193936 PMCID: PMC4157314 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Until the mid-20th century, infectious diseases were the major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. Massive vaccination campaigns, antibiotics, antivirals, and advanced public health measures drastically reduced sickness and death from infections in children and younger adults. However, older adults (>65 y of age) remain vulnerable to infections, and infectious diseases remain among the top 5-10 causes of death in this population. The aging of the immune system, often referred to as immune senescence, is the key phenomenon underlying this vulnerability. This review centers on age-related changes in T cells, which are dramatically and reproducibly altered with aging. I discuss changes in T cell production, maintenance, function, and response to latent persistent infection, particularly against CMV, which exerts a profound influence on the aging T cell pool, concluding with a brief list of measures to improve immune function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janko Nikolich-Žugich
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724; and Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724
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30
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Al-Nuaimi Y, Sherratt MJ, Griffiths CEM. Skin health in older age. Maturitas 2014; 79:256-64. [PMID: 25213594 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
As people age, their skin undergoes changes which result in reduced elasticity, increased fragility and an altered immune response; in essence it becomes frail. As life expectancy is increasing the health of older skin is becoming a progressively more important facet of overall care. In addition to the consequences of ageing for otherwise healthy skin, the relative incidence of some dermatological conditions is age-dependent. In particular, xerosis (dry skin), cutaneous malignancies and skin injuries are more common in older people. In this review we describe the functional consequences of skin ageing and discuss the current evidence on how skin health may be maintained and dermatological conditions prevented in an ageing population. The future of dermatological health-care provision in the older population relies on the development of coordinated pathways of care, which start from a young age. Better quality research coordinated by the establishment of institutions dealing with skin health and ageing would be a method of addressing these needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusur Al-Nuaimi
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; The Dermatology Centre, Barnes Building, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust M6 8HD, UK.
| | - Michael J Sherratt
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; School of Biomedicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Christopher E M Griffiths
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; The Dermatology Centre, Barnes Building, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust M6 8HD, UK
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31
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Abstract
Age is the greatest risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In addition, inflammation and age (senescence) have been linked at both the clinical and molecular levels. In general, senescent cells have been described as pro-inflammatory based on their senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). However, we have previously shown that senescence induced by overexpression of SENEX (or ARHGAP18), in endothelial cells results in an anti-inflammatory phenotype. We have investigated, at the individual cellular level, the senescent phenotype of endothelial cells following three of the chief signals associated with ageing; oxidative stress, disturbed flow and hypoxia. All three stimuli induce senescence and, based on neutrophil adhesion and expression of the adhesion molecules E-selectin and VCAM-1, a population of senescent cells is seen that is resistant to inflammatory stimuli and thus we define as anti-inflammatory. The proportion of anti-inflammatory cells increases with time but remains stable at approximately 50% by eight days after induction of senescence, suggesting that these are stable phenotypes of endothelial cell senescence. Similar to other senescent cell types, p38MAPK blockade inhibits the development of the pro-inflammatory phenotype but unique to EC, there is a corresponding increase in the number of anti-inflammatory senescent cells. Thus stress-induced senescent endothelial cells display a mosaic of inflammatory phenotypes. The anti-inflammatory population suggests that senescent endothelial cells may have an unique protective role, to inhibit uncontrolled proliferation and to limit the local inflammatory response.
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32
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Tong PL, Roediger B, Kolesnikoff N, Biro M, Tay SS, Jain R, Shaw LE, Grimbaldeston MA, Weninger W. The skin immune atlas: three-dimensional analysis of cutaneous leukocyte subsets by multiphoton microscopy. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:84-93. [PMID: 25007044 PMCID: PMC4268113 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Site-specific differences in skin response to pathogens and in the course of cutaneous inflammatory diseases are well appreciated. The composition and localization of cutaneous leukocytes has been studied extensively using histology and flow cytometry. However, the precise three-dimensional (3D) distribution of distinct immune cell subsets within skin at different body sites requires visualization of intact living skin. We used intravital multiphoton microscopy in transgenic reporter mice in combination with quantitative flow cytometry to generate a 3D immune cell atlas of mouse skin. The 3D location of innate and adaptive immune cells and site-specific differences in the densities of macrophages, T cells and mast cells at four defined sites (ear, back, footpad, tail) is presented. The combinatorial approach further demonstrates an as yet unreported age-dependent expansion of dermal gamma-delta T cells. Localization of dermal immune cells relative to anatomical structures was also determined. While dendritic cells were dispersed homogeneously within the dermis, mast cells preferentially localized to the perivascular space. Finally, we show the functional relevance of site-specific mast cell disparities using the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis model. These approaches are applicable to assessing immune cell variations and potential functional consequences in the setting of infection as well as the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip L Tong
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Ben Roediger
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natasha Kolesnikoff
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maté Biro
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Szun S Tay
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rohit Jain
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa E Shaw
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
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33
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Du J, Romano RA, Si H, Mattox A, Bian Y, Yang X, Sinha S, Van Waes C, Chen Z. Epidermal overexpression of transgenic ΔNp63 promotes type 2 immune and myeloid inflammatory responses and hyperplasia via NF-κB activation. J Pathol 2014; 232:356-68. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Du
- Clinical Genomics Unit and Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; NIH, Bethesda MD 20892 USA
- Central Laboratory, Nanshan Hospital; Guangdong Medical College; Shenzhen Guangdong 518052 China
| | - Rose-Anne Romano
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo; Center for Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences; Buffalo New York USA
| | - Han Si
- Clinical Genomics Unit and Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; NIH, Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Austin Mattox
- Clinical Genomics Unit and Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; NIH, Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Yansong Bian
- Clinical Genomics Unit and Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; NIH, Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Xinping Yang
- Clinical Genomics Unit and Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; NIH, Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo; Center for Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences; Buffalo New York USA
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Clinical Genomics Unit and Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; NIH, Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- Clinical Genomics Unit and Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; NIH, Bethesda MD 20892 USA
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34
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Angelucci FL, Silva VV, Dal Pizzol C, Spir LG, Praes CEO, Maibach H. Physiological effect of olfactory stimuli inhalation in humans: an overview. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 36:117-23. [PMID: 24117755 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The importance of odorants in human life has long been recognized. Literature contains different approaches of physiological and psychological effects of odorant compounds, fragrances and essential oils. This work discusses odorants inhalation effect, based on an overview of major studies in humans. Beneficial effect of fragrances is mainly related to human behaviour. Studies document odorants influence in sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, and neurophysiological brain activity. Moreover, odours compounds can act on the neuroendocrine system, neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, influencing psychological behaviour as well as body function. Odorant inhalation modulates physiological pathways, and in some cases, results in skin function regulation. The mechanism is incompletely elucidated. These findings suggest that olfactory system plays a role in central nervous system function beyond that of smell. In this overview, it was observed that odour compounds influenced stress biomarkers, dehydroepiandrosterone, oxidative stress, estradiol, dopamine, cutaneous barrier, sebum secretion and cutaneous immune system in humans. Some can be related with skin function. As the skin is associated with an extensive biochemical cascade and has complex mechanisms, studies have far to go, as there are processes not yet investigated related to skin that may be affected through olfaction. Future researches are needed to further understand and describe the mechanisms of action of physiological effects in fragrance compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Angelucci
- Grupo Boticário, Research & Development, Alfredo Pinto St. 1500, São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, 83065-150, Brazil
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35
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Antigen-specific CD4 T cells are induced after intravesical BCG-instillation therapy in patients with bladder cancer and show similar cytokine profiles as in active tuberculosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69892. [PMID: 24039703 PMCID: PMC3770812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific T cell immunity in patients with active tuberculosis is associated with a decrease in multifunctionality. However, it is unknown whether cytokine profiles differ in patients with primary infection and those with prior contact. We therefore used intravesical immunotherapy with attenuated live Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) in patients with urothelial carcinoma as a model to characterise the induction of systemic immunity towards purified protein derivate (PPD) and to study whether cytokine profiles differ depending on pre-existing immunity. Eighteen patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer were recruited during the BCG-induction course. Fifty-four healthy individuals served as controls. Interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-2 producing PPD-specific CD4 T cells were analysed longitudinally before each instillation using a rapid flow-cytometric whole blood immunoassay. Baseline levels of IFN-γ producing PPD-specific T cells were comparable to controls. T cells showed a 5-fold increase to 0.23% by week 2/3, and further increased 8-fold by week 4/5 (to 0.42%, p=0.0007). Systemic immunity was induced in all patients, although the increase was less pronounced in patients with pre-existing immunity. As in active TB, cytokine profiling during therapy revealed a lower percentage of multifunctional IFN-γ/IL-2 double-positive T cells compared to controls (60.2% vs. 71.9%, p=0.0003). Of note, when comparing patients with and without pre-existing immunity, cytokine profiles in patients with primary immunity were shifted towards IL-2 single producing T cells (p=0.02), whereas those in patients with pre-existing immunity were shifted towards IFN-γ single-positivity (p=0.01). In conclusion, systemic T cell responses were induced after BCG-therapy, and their kinetics and cytokine profile depended on pre-existing immunity. Decreased functionality is a typical feature of specific immunity in both patients with active tuberculosis and BCG-therapy. Among patients with active infection, a shift towards IL-2 or IFN-γ single-positive cells may allow distinction between patients with primary infection and cases with boosted immunity after prior contact, respectively.
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36
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Akbar AN, Reed JR, Lacy KE, Jackson SE, Vukmanovic-Stejic M, Rustin MHA. Investigation of the cutaneous response to recall antigen in humans in vivo. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 173:163-72. [PMID: 23607634 PMCID: PMC3722916 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we provide a detailed description of an experimental method for investigating the induction and resolution of recall immune response to antigen in humans in vivo. This involves the injection of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) into the skin, followed by inducing suction blisters at the site of injection, from which leucocytes and cytokines that are involved in the response can be isolated and characterized. Using this technique we found that although the majority of CD4(+) T cells in the skin that are present early in the response express cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA), the expression of this marker is reduced significantly in later phases. This may enable these cells to leave the skin during immune resolution. Furthermore, interleukin (IL)-2 production can be detected both in CD4(+) T cells and also in the blister fluid at the peak of the response at day 7, indicating that mediators found in the blister fluid are representative of the cytokine microenvironment in vivo. Finally, we found that older humans have defective ability to respond to cutaneous PPD challenge, but this does not reflect a global immune deficit as they have similar numbers of circulating functional PPD-specific CD4(+) T cells as young subjects. The use of the blister technology enables further characterization of the skin specific defect in older humans and also general mechanisms that govern immune regulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Akbar
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London W1T 4JF, UK.
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37
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Petrov VV, Vasil’eva OV, Kornilova NK, Gunin AG. Age-related changes in number of CD45-positive cells in human dermis. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057013030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Petrov VV, Vasilyeva OV, Kornilova NK, Gunin AG. Age-related changes in mast cells and eosinophils of human dermis. Russ J Dev Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360413030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Understanding immunosenescence to improve responses to vaccines. Nat Immunol 2013; 14:428-36. [PMID: 23598398 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the older adult, the benefits of vaccination to prevent infectious disease are limited, mainly because of the adaptive immune system's inability to generate protective immunity. The age-dependent decrease in immunological competence, often referred to as 'immunosenescence', results from the progressive deterioration of innate and adaptive immune responses. Most insights into mechanisms of immunological aging have been derived from studies of mouse models. In this Review, we explore how well such models are applicable to understanding the aging process throughout the 80-100 years of human life and discuss recent advances in identifying and characterizing the mechanisms that underlie age-associated defective adaptive immunity in humans.
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Translational research in immune senescence: assessing the relevance of current models. Semin Immunol 2012; 24:373-82. [PMID: 22633440 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Advancing age is accompanied by profound changes in immune function; some are induced by the loss of critical niches that support development of naïve cells (e.g. thymic involution), others by the intrinsic physiology of long-lived cells attempting to maintain homeostasis, still others by extrinsic effects such as oxidative stress or long-term exposure to antigen due to persistent viral infections. Once compensatory mechanisms can no longer maintain a youthful phenotype the end result is the immune senescent milieu - one characterized by chronic, low grade, systemic inflammation and impaired responses to immune challenge, particularly when encountering new antigens. This state is associated with progression of chronic illnesses like atherosclerosis and dementia, and an increased risk of acute illness, disability and death in older adults. The complex interaction between immune senescence and chronic illness provides an ideal landscape for translational research with the potential to greatly affect human health. However, current animal models and even human investigative strategies for immune senescence have marked limitations, and the reductionist paradigm itself may be poorly suited to meet these challenges. A new paradigm, one that embraces complexity as a core feature of research in older adults is required to address the critical health issues facing the burgeoning senior population, the group that consumes the majority of healthcare resources. In this review, we outline the major advantages and limitations of current models and offer suggestions for how to move forward.
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