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Cunha A, Perazzio S. Effects of immune exhaustion and senescence of innate immunity in autoimmune disorders. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13225. [PMID: 38896644 PMCID: PMC11186593 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate immune system activation is crucial in the inflammatory response, but uncontrolled activation can lead to autoimmune diseases. Cellular exhaustion and senescence are two processes that contribute to innate immune tolerance breakdown. Exhausted immune cells are unable to respond adequately to specific antigens or stimuli, while senescent cells have impaired DNA replication and metabolic changes. These processes can impair immune system function and disrupt homeostasis, leading to the emergence of autoimmunity. However, the influence of innate immune exhaustion and senescence on autoimmune disorders is not well understood. This review aims to describe the current findings on the role of innate immune exhaustion and senescence in autoimmunity, focusing on the cellular and molecular changes involved in each process. Specifically, the article explores the markers and pathways associated with immune exhaustion, such as PD-1 and TIM-3, and senescence, including Β-galactosidase (β-GAL), lamin B1, and p16ink4a, and their impact on autoimmune diseases, namely type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and immune-mediated myopathies. Understanding the mechanisms underlying innate immune exhaustion and senescence in autoimmunity may provide insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.L.S. Cunha
- Divisão de Reumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - S.F. Perazzio
- Divisão de Reumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Divisão de Imunologia, Laboratório Fleury, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Laboratório Central, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Tan X, Li G, Deng H, Xiao G, Wang Y, Zhang C, Chen Y. Obesity enhances the response to neoadjuvant anti-PD1 therapy in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7346. [PMID: 38923758 PMCID: PMC11194614 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have demonstrated that obesity may impact the efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, our objective was to determine the prognostic value of obesity in patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) treated with pembrolizumab and establish a subtype based on fatty acid metabolism-related genes (FAMRGs) for immunotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled a total of 56 patients with OTSCC who underwent neoadjuvant anti-PD1 therapy. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and immunohistochemistry staining were performed. Additionally, we acquired the gene expression profiles of pan-cancer samples and conducted GSEA and KEGG pathway analysis. Moreover, data from TCGA, MSigDB, UALCAN, GEPIA and TIMER were utilized to construct the FAMRGs subtype. RESULTS Our findings indicate that high Body Mass Index (BMI) was significantly associated with improved PFS (HR = 0.015; 95% CI, 0.001 to 0.477; p = 0.015), potentially attributed to increased infiltration of PD1 + T cells. A total of 91 differentially expressed FAMRGs were identified between the response and non-response groups in pan-cancer patients treated with immunotherapy. Of these, 6 hub FAMRGs (ACSL5, PLA2G2D, PROCA1, IL4I1, UBE2L6 and PSME1) were found to affect PD-1 expression and T cell infiltration in HNSCC, which may impact the efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that obesity serves as a robust prognostic predictor for patients with OTSCC undergoing neoadjuvant anti-PD1 therapy. Furthermore, the expression of 6 hub FAMRGs (ACSL5, PLA2G2D, PROCA1, IL4I1, UBE2L6 and PSME1) plays a pivotal role in the context of anti-PD1 therapy and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP.R. China
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Guoli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP.R. China
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Honghao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP.R. China
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Guoming Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP.R. China
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP.R. China
- Department of Radiation OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Chenzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP.R. China
- Department of Colorectal SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP.R. China
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP.R. China
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Xiao G, Zheng Y, Chen H, Luo M, Yang C, Ren D, Qin P, Zhang H, Lin H. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals immunosuppressive landscape in overweight and obese colorectal cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:134. [PMID: 38311726 PMCID: PMC10838453 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are established risk factors for various types of cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). However the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. An in-depth understanding of the oncologic characteristics of overweight and obese CRC at the single-cell level can provide valuable insights for the development of more effective treatment strategies for CRC. METHODS We conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis on tumor and adjacent normal colorectal samples from 15 overweight/obese and 15 normal-weight CRC patients. Immunological and metabolic differences between overweight/obese CRC and non-obese CRC were characterized. RESULTS We obtained single-cell transcriptomics data from a total of 192,785 cells across all samples. By evaluating marker gene expression patterns, we annotated nine main cell types in the CRC ecosystem. Specifically, we found that the cytotoxic function of effector T cells and NK cells was impaired in overweight/obese CRC compared with non-obese CRC, relating to its metabolic dysregulation. CD4+T cells in overweight/obese CRC exhibited higher expression of immune checkpoint molecules. The antigen-presenting ability of DCs and B cells is down-regulated in overweight/obese CRC, which may further aggravate the immunosuppression of overweight/obese CRC. Additionally, dysfunctional stromal cells were identified, potentially promoting invasion and metastasis in overweight/obese CRC. Furthermore, we discovered the up-regulated metabolism of glycolysis and lipids of tumor cells in overweight/obese CRC, which may impact the metabolism and function of immune cells. We also identified inhibitory interactions between tumor cells and T cells in overweight/obese CRC. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that overweight/obese CRC has a more immunosuppressive microenvironment and distinct metabolic reprogramming characterized by increased of glycolysis and lipid metabolism. These findings may have implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for overweight/obese CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery (Department of Coloproctology), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Yihui Zheng
- Department of General Surgery (Department of Coloproctology), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Huaxian Chen
- Department of General Surgery (Department of Coloproctology), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Minyi Luo
- Department of General Surgery (Department of Coloproctology), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Chaoxin Yang
- Department of General Surgery (Department of Coloproctology), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Donglin Ren
- Department of General Surgery (Department of Coloproctology), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Pengfei Qin
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- BGI Research, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery (Department of Coloproctology), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| | - Hongcheng Lin
- Department of General Surgery (Department of Coloproctology), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
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Guo H, Lin XY, Feng S, Wang C, Yuan LQ, Sheng XG, Li DP. Prognostic value of obesity in patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: An updated meta‑analysis and systematic review. Mol Clin Oncol 2024; 20:5. [PMID: 38125744 PMCID: PMC10729294 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2023.2703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating interest has been surging over the past few years regarding the effects of obesity on immunotherapy. In addition to the body mass index (BMI), imaging-quantified body fat compartments have been investigated. The present study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the BMI and computed tomography (CT)-based body fat in patients with cancer receiving immunotherapy. For this purpose, the PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched from January 2017 to July 2022. Clinical studies evaluating the association between BMI or body fat and survival of patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were included. In total, 15 studies reporting on the BMI were included in the meta-analysis and 16 studies evaluating body fat were included in the systematic review. According to the classification of the World Health Organization, overweight and obese patients with ICI treatment showed improved overall survival [overweight vs. normal: Hazard ratio (HR)=0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.64-0.98, P=0.03; obese vs. normal: HR=0.75, 95% CI=0.60-0.94, P=0.013] and progression-free survival (overweight vs. normal: HR=0.82, 95% CI=0.70-0.97, P=0.02; obese vs. normal: HR=0.81, 95% CI=0.65-1.02, P=0.07). Among the articles investigating the effect of body fat composition on the efficacy of immunotherapy, a number of studies included various CT analysis techniques and cutoffs to define body fat composition. Associations of body fat with survival were contradictory in different patients with cancer treated with immunotherapy. Obesity was associated with better survival in patients with cancer treated with ICIs. Further analyses are required to demonstrate the prognostic value of body fat in patients with cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Ying Lin
- Department of Surgery, Liaocheng Dongchangfu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252019, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Feng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Qin Yuan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Gui Sheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, P.R. China
| | - Da-Peng Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Luchetti M, Aschwanden D, Terracciano A. Personality and aging-related immune phenotype. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 153:106113. [PMID: 37120948 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
An aging-related immune phenotype (ARIP) has been defined as a decrease in naïve T cells (TN) relative to the accumulation of memory T cells (TM). Recent research implicates ARIP measures, such as CD4 +TN/TM and CD8 +TN/TM ratios, in multimorbidity and mortality. This study examined whether psychological dispositions that assess how people think, feel, and behave are related to CD4 +TN/TM and CD8 +TN/TM. Participants were adults aged 50-104 years (N = 4798; 58% women, Mean Age= 67.95, SD= 9.56) from the Health and Retirement Study. Data on CD4 +TN/TM and CD8 +TN/TM were obtained in 2016. Data on personality, demographic factors, and potential clinical (body mass index, disease burden), behavioral (smoking, alcohol, physical activity), psychological (depressive symptoms, stress), and biological (cytomegalovirus IgG antibodies) mediating factors were obtained in 2014/2016. Controlling for demographic factors, higher conscientiousness was related to higher CD4 +TN/TM and CD8 +TN/TM. To a lesser extent, higher neuroticism and lower extraversion were associated with lower CD4 +TN/TM. Physical activity, and to a lesser extent BMI and disease burden, were the most robust mediators between personality and ARIP measures. Cytomegalovirus IgG level mediated the association between conscientiousness and both CD4 +TN/TM and CD8 +TN/TM. This study provides novel evidence that personality is related to ARIP. Higher conscientiousness and, to a lesser extent, higher extraversion may be protective against age-related immunophenotype change, whereas neuroticism may be a risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
| | - Martina Luchetti
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
| | - Damaris Aschwanden
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
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Mangani D, Yang D, Anderson AC. Learning from the nexus of autoimmunity and cancer. Immunity 2023; 56:256-271. [PMID: 36792572 PMCID: PMC9986833 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays critical roles in both autoimmunity and cancer, diseases at opposite ends of the immune spectrum. Autoimmunity arises from loss of T cell tolerance against self, while in cancer, poor immunity against transformed self fails to control tumor growth. Blockade of pathways that preserve self-tolerance is being leveraged to unleash immunity against many tumors; however, widespread success is hindered by the autoimmune-like toxicities that arise in treated patients. Knowledge gained from the treatment of autoimmunity can be leveraged to treat these toxicities in patients. Further, the understanding of how T cell dysfunction arises in cancer can be leveraged to induce a similar state in autoreactive T cells. Here, we review what is known about the T cell response in autoimmunity and cancer and highlight ways in which we can learn from the nexus of these two diseases to improve the application, efficacy, and management of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Mangani
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland.
| | - Dandan Yang
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ana C Anderson
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Telomere length dynamics measured by flow-FISH in patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. Sci Rep 2023; 13:304. [PMID: 36609582 PMCID: PMC9818052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has negative effects on comorbidities, health-related quality of life and survival. Telomere length (TL) changes after bariatric surgery have been reported, but the studies are contradictory, and analyses using state-of-the art techniques for TL measurement, such as flow-FISH, are sparse. We measured TL dynamics via flow-FISH in patients undergoing bariatric surgery and compared their TL with 105 healthy individuals. Patients with obesity who underwent bariatric surgery were included. Lymphocyte and granulocyte absolute and age-adjusted (aa) TL were analyzed by flow-FISH before (preoperative cohort, n = 45) and after surgery (follow-up cohort, n = 35) at month 5.5 ± 3.9 (mean ± standard deviation [SD]). The initial lymphocyte aaTL was significantly shorter (-0.37 kb ± 0.18 kb, P = 0.045) in patients with obesity, while the granulocyte aaTL was not different from that in the healthy comparison population (0.28 kb ± 0.17 kb, P = 0.11). The telomere dynamics after surgery showed an increase in mean TL in both lymphocytes and granulocytes of patients with a pronounced BMI loss of ≥ 10 kg/m2. We did not find any association between TL increase after surgery and age, sex or the type of procedure selected for bariatric surgery. We confirmed that patients suffering from obesity have significantly shorter lymphocyte TL using flow-FISH. Along with and dependent on the degree of weight reduction after bariatric surgery, TL significantly increased in both lymphocytes and granulocytes after a mean of 5.5 months. Our results show that bariatric surgery affects not only body weight but also biomarkers of aging, such as TL.
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Schauer T, Henriksson A, Strandberg E, Lindman H, Berntsen S, Demmelmaier I, Raastad T, Nordin K, Christensen JF. Pre-treatment levels of inflammatory markers and chemotherapy completion rates in patients with early-stage breast cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2023; 28:89-98. [PMID: 36269530 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-022-02255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy efficacy is largely dependent on treatment adherence, defined by the relative dose intensity (RDI). Identification of new modifiable risk factors associated with low RDI might improve chemotherapy delivery. Here, we evaluated the association between low RDI and pre-chemotherapy factors, including patient- and treatment-related characteristics and markers of inflammation. METHODS This exploratory analysis assessed data from 267 patients with early-stage breast cancer scheduled to undergo (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy included in the Physical training and Cancer (Phys-Can) trial. The association between low RDI, defined as < 85%, patient-related (age, body mass index, co-morbid condition, body surface area) and treatment-related factors (cancer stage, receptor status, chemotherapy duration, chemotherapy dose, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) was investigated. Analyses further included the association between RDI and pre-chemotherapy levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) in 172 patients with available blood samples. RESULTS An RDI of < 85% occurred in 31 patients (12%). Univariable analysis revealed a significant association with a chemotherapy duration above 20 weeks (p < 0.001), chemotherapy dose (p = 0.006), pre-chemotherapy IL-8 (OR 1.61; 95% CI (1.01; 2.58); p = 0.040) and TNF-α (OR 2.2 (1.17; 4.53); p = 0.019). In multivariable analyses, inflammatory cytokines were significant association with low RDI for IL-8 (OR: 1.65 [0.99; 2.69]; p = 0.044) and TNF-α (OR 2.95 [1.41; 7.19]; p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS This exploratory analysis highlights the association of pre-chemotherapy IL-8 and TNF-α with low RDI of chemotherapy for breast cancer. IL-8 and TNF-α may therefore potentially help to identify patients at risk for experiencing dose reductions. Clinical trial number NCT02473003 (registration: June 16, 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schauer
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anna Henriksson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emelie Strandberg
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Lindman
- Department of Oncology, Uppsala University, 751 85, Sjukhusvägen, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sveinung Berntsen
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Universitetsveien 25, 4630, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Ingrid Demmelmaier
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Universitetsveien 25, 4630, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Truls Raastad
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Universitetsveien 25, 4630, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin Nordin
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jesper F Christensen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Exercise and Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Schauer T, Djurhuus SS, Simonsen C, Brasso K, Christensen JF. The effects of acute exercise and inflammation on immune function in early-stage prostate cancer. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 25:100508. [PMID: 36133956 PMCID: PMC9483738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients and methods Results Conclusions Clinical trial number Exercise mobilizes NK, CD8 T and NKT-like cells in patients with prostate cancer. Immune cells exhibit mature and cytotoxic phenotype during high-intensity exercise. NK cytotoxic activity against K562 and LNCaP but not PC3 increases with exercise. Markers of inflammation inversely correlate with exercise-enhanced immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schauer
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Corresponding author. Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Casper Simonsen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Brasso
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Frank Christensen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Exercise and Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Boland L, Bitterlich LM, Hogan AE, Ankrum JA, English K. Translating MSC Therapy in the Age of Obesity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943333. [PMID: 35860241 PMCID: PMC9289617 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy has seen increased attention as a possible option to treat a number of inflammatory conditions including COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As rates of obesity and metabolic disease continue to rise worldwide, increasing proportions of patients treated with MSC therapy will be living with obesity. The obese environment poses critical challenges for immunomodulatory therapies that should be accounted for during development and testing of MSCs. In this review, we look to cancer immunotherapy as a model for the challenges MSCs may face in obese environments. We then outline current evidence that obesity alters MSC immunomodulatory function, drastically modifies the host immune system, and therefore reshapes interactions between MSCs and immune cells. Finally, we argue that obese environments may alter essential features of allogeneic MSCs and offer potential strategies for licensing of MSCs to enhance their efficacy in the obese microenvironment. Our aim is to combine insights from basic research in MSC biology and clinical trials to inform new strategies to ensure MSC therapy is effective for a broad range of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Boland
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Laura Melanie Bitterlich
- Biology Department, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Andrew E. Hogan
- Biology Department, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - James A. Ankrum
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: James A. Ankrum, ; Karen English,
| | - Karen English
- Biology Department, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth, Ireland
- *Correspondence: James A. Ankrum, ; Karen English,
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11
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Ding Y, Wang Y, Hu Q. Recent advances in overcoming barriers to cell-based delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 2:20210106. [PMID: 37323702 PMCID: PMC10190958 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy strategies that use cell-based delivery systems have sparked much interest in the treatment of malignancies, owing to their high biocompatibility, excellent tumor targeting capability, and unique biofunctionalities in the tumor growth process. A variety of design principles for cell-based immunotherapy, including cell surface decoration, cell membrane coating, cell encapsulation, genetically engineered cell, and cell-derived exosomes, give cancer immunotherapy great potential to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects. However, the treatment efficacy of cell-based delivery methods for immunotherapy is still limited, and practical uses are hampered due to complex physiological and immunological obstacles, such as physical barriers to immune infiltration, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, upregulation of immunosuppressive pathways, and metabolic restriction. In this review, we present an overview of the design principles of cell-based delivery systems in cancer immunotherapy to maximize the therapeutic impact, along with anatomical, metabolic, and immunological impediments in using cell-based immunotherapy to treat cancer. Following that, a summary of novel delivery strategies that have been created to overcome these obstacles to cell-based immunotherapeutic delivery systems is provided. Also, the obstacles and prospects of next-step development of cell-based delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy are concluded in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyue Ding
- Pharmaceutical Sciences DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Carbone Cancer CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystemsSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Yixin Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Carbone Cancer CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystemsSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Quanyin Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Carbone Cancer CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystemsSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
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12
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Mojibi Y, Seif F, Mojibi N, Aghamajidi A, Mohsenzadegan M, Torang HA. Efficacy of immunotherapy in obese patients with cancer. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:471-483. [PMID: 35369842 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2061989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a condition of excessive fat tissue and high body mass index (BMI ≥30), which is increasing worldwide. Excess body weight is associated with poorer results in cancer treatments; however, recent studies emphasized that elevated BMI was associated with improved outcomes in cases treated by immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies, which is called the obesity paradox. In this review, we discuss the correlation between obesity and cancer immunotherapy, especially ICIs, the underlying mechanisms, and the outcomes in different types of cancers. In addition, we describe the occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAE) and the effect of gender in obese patients during immunotherapy using all relevant studies with available full texts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Mojibi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Seif
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Mojibi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Azin Aghamajidi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Mohsenzadegan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamzeh-Ali Torang
- Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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13
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Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071388. [PMID: 35406000 PMCID: PMC9002648 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, and obesity-associated conditions such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are important risk factors for severe Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The common denominator is metaflammation, a portmanteau of metabolism and inflammation, which is characterized by chronically elevated levels of leptin and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These induce the “Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling 1 and 3” (SOCS1/3), which deactivates the leptin receptor and also other SOCS1/3 sensitive cytokine receptors in immune cells, impairing the type I and III interferon early responses. By also upregulating SOCS1/3, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 adds a significant boost to this. The ensuing consequence is a delayed but over-reactive immune response, characterized by high-grade inflammation (e.g., cytokine storm), endothelial damage, and hypercoagulation, thus leading to severe COVID-19. Superimposing an acute disturbance, such as a SARS-CoV-2 infection, on metaflammation severely tests resilience. In the long run, metaflammation causes the “typical western” conditions associated with metabolic syndrome. Severe COVID-19 and other serious infectious diseases can be added to the list of its short-term consequences. Therefore, preventive measures should include not only vaccination and the well-established actions intended to avoid infection, but also dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed at improving body composition and preventing or reversing metaflammation.
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14
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Bohm MS, Sipe LM, Pye ME, Davis MJ, Pierre JF, Makowski L. The role of obesity and bariatric surgery-induced weight loss in breast cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:673-695. [PMID: 35870055 PMCID: PMC9470652 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex metabolic condition considered a worldwide public health crisis, and a deeper mechanistic understanding of obesity-associated diseases is urgently needed. Obesity comorbidities include many associated cancers and are estimated to account for 20% of female cancer deaths in the USA. Breast cancer, in particular, is associated with obesity and is the focus of this review. The exact causal links between obesity and breast cancer remain unclear. Still, interactions have emerged between body mass index, tumor molecular subtype, genetic background, and environmental factors that strongly suggest obesity influences the risk and progression of certain breast cancers. Supportive preclinical research uses various diet-induced obesity models to demonstrate that weight loss, via dietary interventions or changes in energy expenditure, reduces the onset or progression of breast cancers. Ongoing and future studies are now aimed at elucidating the underpinning mechanisms behind weight-loss-driven observations to improve therapy and outcomes in patients with breast cancer and reduce risk. This review aims to summarize the rapidly emerging literature on obesity and weight loss strategies with a focused discussion of bariatric surgery in both clinical and preclinical studies detailing the complex interactions between metabolism, immune response, and immunotherapy in the setting of obesity and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret S. Bohm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Laura M. Sipe
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Madeline E. Pye
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Matthew J. Davis
- Division of Bariatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA ,Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA ,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA ,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA ,College of Medicine, UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Cancer Research Building Room 322, 19 S Manassas Street, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
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15
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β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Supplementation Promotes Antitumor Immunity in an Obesity Responsive Mouse Model of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246359. [PMID: 34944981 PMCID: PMC8699071 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer (PDAC) is a deadly disease, exacerbated by obesity, which lacks effective therapeutic interventions. Most PDAC has a limited response to immune- and chemotherapy. Treating PDAC is made additionally challenging by the rapid emergence of muscle wasting and cachexia, which predict poor response to several therapies. We have found that dietary supplementation with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate promotes immunosurveillance in PDAC tumors and protects muscle. This dietary supplement has the potential to be an important adjuvant in PDAC therapy, opening the doors to immunotherapy response. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, and effective therapies for PDAC are currently lacking. Moreover, PDAC is promoted and exacerbated by obesity, while cachexia and sarcopenia are exceptionally common comorbidities that predict both poor survival and treatment response. Managing PDAC with immunotherapies has thus far proven ineffective, partly due to the metabolically hostile tumor microenvironment. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), a metabolite of leucine commonly used as a dietary supplement to boost muscle growth and immune function, may be an attractive candidate to augment PDAC therapy. We therefore sought to test the hypothesis that HMB would enhance antitumor immunity while protecting mouse muscle mass. Control and diet-induced obese C57BL/6 male mice bearing subcutaneously injected Panc02 tumors were supplemented with 1% HMB and treated with or without 50 mg/kg gemcitabine (n = 15/group). HMB was associated with reduced muscle inflammation and increased muscle fiber size. HMB also reduced tumor growth and promoted antitumor immunity in obese, but not lean, mice, independent of the gemcitabine treatment. Separately, in lean tumor-bearing mice, HMB supplementation promoted an anti-PD1 immunotherapy response (n = 15/group). Digital cytometry implicated the decreased abundance of M2-like macrophages in PDAC tumors, an effect that was enhanced by anti-PD1 immunotherapy. We confirmed that HMB augments M1-like macrophage (antitumor) polarization. These preclinical findings suggest that HMB has muscle-sparing and antitumor activities against PDAC in the context of obesity, and that it may sensitize otherwise nonresponsive PDAC to immunotherapy.
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16
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Mukherjee S, Seager RJ, Lee YH, Conroy JM, Kalinski P, Pabla S. Tumor Inflammation, Obesity, and Proliferative Status as Biomarkers in Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1324. [PMID: 34945796 PMCID: PMC8708257 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies have shown that obesity, typically measured by increased body mass index (BMI), is associated with an increased risk of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEAC), but the contributing molecular and immune mechanisms remain unknown. Since obesity is known to promote chronic inflammation, we hypothesized that obesity leads to inflammation-related immune dysfunction, which can be reversed by immune-modulating therapy. To test our hypothesis, we examined the clinical and molecular data from advanced GEAC patients. To this end, 46 GEAC tumors were evaluated for biomarkers representing tumor inflammation, cell proliferation, and PD-L1 expression. A CoxPH regression model with potential co-variates, followed by pairwise post hoc analysis, revealed that inflammation in the GEAC tumor microenvironment is associated with improved overall survival, regardless of BMI. We also observed a significant association between cell proliferation and progression-free survival in overweight individuals who received immune-modulating therapy. In conclusion, our data confirm the role of the immune system in the natural course of GEAC and its responses to immunotherapies, but do not support the role of BMI as an independent clinically relevant biomarker in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbajit Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, New York, NY 14206, USA
| | - R. J. Seager
- Bioinformatics, OmniSeq, Inc., 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (R.J.S.); (Y.H.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Yong Hee Lee
- Bioinformatics, OmniSeq, Inc., 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (R.J.S.); (Y.H.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Jeffrey M. Conroy
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for Personalized Medicine, Elm and Carlton Streets, New York, NY 14206, USA;
- Research and Development, OmniSeq, Inc., 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, New York, NY 14206, USA;
| | - Sarabjot Pabla
- Bioinformatics, OmniSeq, Inc., 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (R.J.S.); (Y.H.L.); (S.P.)
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17
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Body mass index is not associated with survival outcomes and immune-related adverse events in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma treated with the immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab. J Transl Med 2021; 19:489. [PMID: 34852840 PMCID: PMC8638339 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obese patients with solid tumors receiving anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-ligand-1(PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors exhibit improved survival and higher risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) than those with a normal body mass index (BMI). In classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), the impact of BMI on survival and immune-related toxicity is unknown. We evaluated for the first time associations of BMI with survival and irAEs in patients with relapsed/refractory (RR)-cHL undergoing PD-1 blockade. Methods Data from a multicenter study on 133 patients treated with the anti-PD1 antibody nivolumab (July 2015–December 2016) were retrieved from a prospective database. Progression-free (PFS), overall survival (OS), incidence and severity of irAEs according to BMI categories were estimated by Kaplan–Meier method, landmark-analyses and Cox regressions. Results Patients, mostly males (63%, n = 84) with a median age of 35 years (range, 15–82), advanced stage (75%), B symptoms (63%), bulky disease (24%), a median of 4 previous treatments (range, 1–9), received a median of 18 nivolumab doses (range, 1–57). No statistically significant differences across BMI subgroups emerged as to PFS, with 1-year rates of 67.1% for both normal weight (n = 66; 49.6%) and overweight (n = 31; 23.3%) patients. Underweight (n = 12; 9%) and obese (n = 24; 18%) patients had a 1-year PFS of 54.5% and 49%, respectively. In survival analyses, BMI either as a continuous (P = 0.5) or categorical (P for trend = 0.63) variable failed to associate with PFS. Response rates and time-to-response did not cluster in any BMI subset. No BMI-related differences in OS emerged across normal, overweight and obese patients but underweight patients had the worst survival. Occurrence of irAEs of whatever severity did not statistically associate with BMI. Conclusions In patients with RR-cHL receiving nivolumab, no statistically significant differences emerged in response rates, PFS and OS across BMI categories of normal weight, overweight and obese. Overweight/obese patients did not display an increased risk of irAEs. The exquisite sensitivity to anti-PD-1 antibodies, the unique cytokine milieu and effector pathways triggered by nivolumab in cHL, may represent biologic ‘equalizers’ counteracting the immunoregulatory effects of adiposity. Differently from solid tumors, BMI is not associated with treatment efficacy and immune-related toxicity and does not represent a predictive tool for PD-1-targeted immunotherapies in cHL. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-03134-4.
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18
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Geum NG, Yu JH, Yeo JH, Choi MY, Lee JW, Beak JK, Jeong JB. Immunostimulatory activity and anti-obesity activity of Hibiscus manihot leaves in mouse macrophages, RAW264.7 cells and mouse adipocytes, 3T3-L1 cells. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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19
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Taoufik Y, de Goër de Herve MG, Corgnac S, Durrbach A, Mami-Chouaib F. When Immunity Kills: The Lessons of SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak. Front Immunol 2021; 12:692598. [PMID: 34630382 PMCID: PMC8497820 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.692598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence at the end of 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has spread worldwide at a very rapid pace. While most infected individuals have an asymptomatic or mild disease, a minority, mainly the elderly, develop a severe disease that may lead to a fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS results from a highly inflammatory immunopathology process that includes systemic manifestations and massive alveolar damages that impair gas exchange. The present review summarizes our current knowledge in the rapidly evolving field of SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology, emphasizing the role of specific T cell responses. Indeed, accumulating evidence suggest that while T-cell response directed against SARS-CoV-2 likely plays a crucial role in virus clearance, it may also participate in the immunopathology process that leads to ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Taoufik
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Department of Hematology and Immunology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie-Ghislaine de Goër de Herve
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Department of Hematology and Immunology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Department of Nephrology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Stéphanie Corgnac
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Antoine Durrbach
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Department of Nephrology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Fathia Mami-Chouaib
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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20
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Neumann S, Campbell K, Woodall MJ, Evans M, Clarkson AN, Young SL. Obesity Has a Systemic Effect on Immune Cells in Naïve and Cancer-Bearing Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168803. [PMID: 34445503 PMCID: PMC8395769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for developing cancer, with obesity-induced immune changes and inflammation in breast (BC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) providing a potential link between the two. This study investigates systemic effects of obesity on adaptive and innate immune cells in healthy and tumour-bearing mice. Immune cells from lean and obese mice were phenotyped prior to implantation of either BC (C57mg and EO771.LMB) or CRC (MC38) cells as tumour models. Tumour growth rate, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and peripheral blood immune cell populations were compared between obese and lean mice. In vitro studies showed that naïve obese mice had higher levels of myeloid cells in the bone marrow and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells expressed lower levels of activation markers compared to cells from their lean counterparts. In the tumour setting, BC tumours grew faster in obese mice than in lean mice and lower numbers of TILs as well as higher frequency of exhausted T cells were observed. Data from peripheral blood showed lower levels of myeloid cells in tumour-bearing obese mice. This study highlights that systemic changes to the immune system are relevant for tumour burden and provides a potential mechanism behind the effects of obesity on cancer development and progression in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Neumann
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (S.N.); (K.C.); (M.J.W.); (M.E.)
| | - Katrin Campbell
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (S.N.); (K.C.); (M.J.W.); (M.E.)
| | - Matthew J. Woodall
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (S.N.); (K.C.); (M.J.W.); (M.E.)
| | - Meghan Evans
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (S.N.); (K.C.); (M.J.W.); (M.E.)
| | - Andrew N. Clarkson
- Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Sarah L. Young
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Correspondence:
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21
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Kuperberg SJ, Navetta-Modrov B. The Role of Obesity in the Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 Respiratory Disease and Critical Illness. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:13-21. [PMID: 33797351 PMCID: PMC8320126 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0236tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the clinical syndrome caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently a global health pandemic with substantial morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 has cast a shadow on nearly every aspect of society, straining health systems and economies across the world. Although it is widely accepted that a close relationship exists between obesity, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders on infection, we are only beginning to understand ways in which the immunological sequelae of obesity functions as a predisposing factor related to poor clinical outcomes in COVID-19. As both the innate and adaptive immune systems are each primed by obesity, the alteration of key pathways results in both an immunosuppressed and hyperinflammatory state. The present review will discuss the cellular and molecular immunology of obesity in the context of its role as a risk factor for severe COVID-19, discuss the role of cytokine storm, and draw parallels to prior viral epidemics such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and 2009 H1N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Kuperberg
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Brianne Navetta-Modrov
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital/Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
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22
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The impact of obesity and body weight on the outcome of patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:124. [PMID: 34210955 PMCID: PMC8249448 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-021-00515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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23
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Network Pharmacology Study to Interpret Signaling Pathways of Ilex cornuta Leaves against Obesity. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9071106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ilex cornuta Leaves (ICLs) are a representative and traditional prescription for controlling obesity. Nevertheless, the corresponding therapeutic compounds and related pharmacological mechanisms of such medication remain undocumented. The compounds from ICLs were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS), and SwissADME confirmed their physicochemical properties. Next, the target proteins related to compounds or obesity-associated proteins were retrieved from public databases. RPackage constructed the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, a bubble chart, and signaling pathways–target proteins–compounds (STC) network. Lastly, a molecular docking test (MDT) was performed to evaluate the affinity between target proteins and ligands from ICLs. GC-MS detected a total of 51 compounds from ICLs. The public databases identified 219 target proteins associated with selective compounds, 3028 obesity-related target proteins, and 118 overlapping target proteins. Moreover, the STC network revealed 42 target proteins, 22 signaling pathways, and 39 compounds, which were viewed to be remedially significant. The NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway was considered a key signaling pathway from the bubble chart. In parallel, the MDT identified three target proteins (IL6, MAPK1, and CASP1) on the NLR signaling pathway and four compounds against obesity. Overall, four compounds from ICLs might show anti-obesity synergistic efficacy by inactivating the NLR signaling pathway.
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Desharnais L, Walsh LA, Quail DF. Exploiting the obesity-associated immune microenvironment for cancer therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 229:107923. [PMID: 34171329 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity causes chronic low-grade inflammation and leads to changes in the immune landscape of multiple organ systems. Given the link between chronic inflammatory conditions and cancer, it is not surprising that obesity is associated with increased risk and worse outcomes in many malignancies. Paradoxically, recent epidemiological studies have shown that high BMI is associated with increased efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and a causal relationship has been demonstrated in the preclinical setting. It has been proposed that obesity-associated immune dysregulation underlies this observation by inadvertently creating a favourable microenvironment for increased ICI efficacy. The recent success of ICIs in obese cancer patients raises the possibility that additional immune-targeted therapies may hold therapeutic value in this context. Here we review how obesity affects the immunological composition of the tumor microenvironment in ways that can be exploited for cancer immunotherapies. We discuss existing literature supporting a beneficial role for obesity during ICI therapy in cancer patients, potential opportunities for targeting the innate immune system to mitigate chronic inflammatory processes, and how to pinpoint obese patients who are most likely to benefit from immune interventions without relying solely on body mass index. Given that the incidence of obesity is expanding on an international scale, we propose that understanding obesity-associated inflammation is necessary to reduce cancer mortalities and capitalize on novel therapeutic opportunities in the era of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysanne Desharnais
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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25
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Li Y, Chen J, Lin Y, Xu L, Sang Y, Li D, Du M. Obesity Challenge Drives Distinct Maternal Immune Response Changes in Normal Pregnant and Abortion-Prone Mouse Models. Front Immunol 2021; 12:694077. [PMID: 34177956 PMCID: PMC8219966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is prevalent among women of reproductive age and is associated with increased risk of developing multiple pregnancy disorders. Pregnancy must induce immune tolerance to avoid fetal rejection, while obesity can cause chronic inflammation through activating the immune system. Impaired maternal immuno-tolerance leads to pregnancy failure, such as recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), one of the most common complications during early pregnancy. How does maternal immune response change under obesity stress in normal pregnancy and RSA? In turn, is obesity affected by different gestational statuses? Limited information is presently available now. Our study investigated pregnancy outcomes and maternal immune responses in two murine models (normal pregnancy and spontaneous abortion models) after obesity challenge with a high-fat diet (HFD). Abortion-prone mice fed HFD had significantly higher weight gains during pregnancy than normal pregnant mice with HFD feeding. Nonetheless, the embryo implantation and resorption rates were comparable between HFD and normal chow diet (NCD)-fed mice in each model. Evaluation of immune cell subsets showed HFD-induced obesity drove the upregulation of activated NK cell-activating receptor (NKp46)+ NK cells and pro-inflammatory macrophages (MHCIIhigh Mφ) as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the normal pregnancy group. However, in the abortion-prone group, relative more immature NK cells with decreased activity phenotypes were found in obese mice. Moreover, there were increased DCreg (CD11bhigh DC) cells and decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T cells detected in the HFD abortion-prone mice relative to those fed the NCD diet. Our findings reveal how pregnancy obesity and maternal immune regulation are mutually influenced. It is worth noting that the abortion-prone model where active maternal immune status was intensified by obesity, in turn stimulated an overcompensation response, leading to an over-tolerized immune status, and predisposing to potential risks of perinatal complications.
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MESH Headings
- Abortion, Habitual/immunology
- Abortion, Habitual/metabolism
- Abortion, Habitual/physiopathology
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gestational Weight Gain
- Histocompatibility, Maternal-Fetal
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Obesity, Maternal/immunology
- Obesity, Maternal/metabolism
- Obesity, Maternal/physiopathology
- Phenotype
- Pregnancy
- Uterus/immunology
- Uterus/metabolism
- Uterus/physiopathology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yikong Lin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Sang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Dajin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Meirong Du
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Traba J, Sack MN, Waldmann TA, Anton OM. Immunometabolism at the Nexus of Cancer Therapeutic Efficacy and Resistance. Front Immunol 2021; 12:657293. [PMID: 34079545 PMCID: PMC8166297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.657293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activity of the immune surveillance system detects and kills cancerous cells, although many cancers have developed strategies to avoid detection and to resist their destruction. Cancer immunotherapy entails the manipulation of components of the endogenous immune system as targeted approaches to control and destroy cancer cells. Since one of the major limitations for the antitumor activity of immune cells is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), boosting the immune system to overcome the inhibition provided by the TME is a critical component of oncotherapeutics. In this article, we discuss the main effects of the TME on the metabolism and function of immune cells, and review emerging strategies to potentiate immune cell metabolism to promote antitumor effects either as monotherapeutics or in combination with conventional chemotherapy to optimize cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Traba
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael N. Sack
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Thomas A. Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Olga M. Anton
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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27
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Boßlau TK, Wasserfurth P, Krüger B, Reichel T, Palmowski J, Nebl J, Weyh C, Schenk A, Joisten N, Stahl F, Thoms S, Gebhardt K, Hahn A, Krüger K. Abdominal Obesity-Related Disturbance of Insulin Sensitivity Is Associated with CD8 + EMRA Cells in the Elderly. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050998. [PMID: 33922813 PMCID: PMC8146929 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and overweight increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the potential mediating role of T-EMRA cells and inflammatory markers in the development of a decreased insulin sensitivity. A total of 134 healthy older volunteers were recruited (age 59.2 (SD 5.6) years). T cell subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, body composition, HOMA-IR, plasma tryptophan (Trp) metabolites, as well as cytokines and adipokines were determined. Using subgroup and covariance analyses, the influence of BMI on the parameters was evaluated. Moreover, correlation, multiple regression, and mediation analyses were performed. In the subgroup of participants with obesity, an increased proportion of CD8+EMRA cells and elevated concentrations of plasma kynurenine (KYN) were found compared to the lower-weight subgroups. Linear regression analysis revealed that an elevated HOMA-IR could be predicted by a higher proportion of CD8+EMRA cells and KYN levels. A mediation analysis showed a robust indirect effect of the Waist-to-hip ratio on HOMA-IR mediated by CD8+EMRA cells. Thus, the deleterious effects of abdominal obesity on glucose metabolism might be mediated by CD8+EMRA cells in the elderly. Longitudinal studies should validate this assumption and analyze the suitability of CD8+EMRA cells as early predictors of incipient prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim K. Boßlau
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Kugelberg 62, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (T.K.B.); (T.R.); (J.P.); (C.W.); (K.G.)
| | - Paulina Wasserfurth
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30159 Hannover, Germany; (P.W.); (J.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Britta Krüger
- Nemolab, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Kugelberg 62, 35394 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Thomas Reichel
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Kugelberg 62, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (T.K.B.); (T.R.); (J.P.); (C.W.); (K.G.)
| | - Jana Palmowski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Kugelberg 62, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (T.K.B.); (T.R.); (J.P.); (C.W.); (K.G.)
| | - Josefine Nebl
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30159 Hannover, Germany; (P.W.); (J.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Christopher Weyh
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Kugelberg 62, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (T.K.B.); (T.R.); (J.P.); (C.W.); (K.G.)
| | - Alexander Schenk
- Department of Performance and Health, Institute of Sports and Sport Science, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 3, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (A.S.); (N.J.)
| | - Niklas Joisten
- Department of Performance and Health, Institute of Sports and Sport Science, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 3, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (A.S.); (N.J.)
| | - Frank Stahl
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (F.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Stefanie Thoms
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (F.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Kristina Gebhardt
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Kugelberg 62, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (T.K.B.); (T.R.); (J.P.); (C.W.); (K.G.)
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30159 Hannover, Germany; (P.W.); (J.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Kugelberg 62, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (T.K.B.); (T.R.); (J.P.); (C.W.); (K.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-641-992-5211
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28
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Rébillard RM, Charabati M, Grasmuck C, Filali-Mouhim A, Tastet O, Brassard N, Daigneault A, Bourbonnière L, Anand SP, Balthazard R, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Gasser R, Benlarbi M, Moratalla AC, Solorio YC, Boutin M, Farzam-Kia N, Descôteaux-Dinelle J, Fournier AP, Gowing E, Laumaea A, Jamann H, Lahav B, Goyette G, Lemaître F, Mamane VH, Prévost J, Richard J, Thai K, Cailhier JF, Chomont N, Finzi A, Chassé M, Durand M, Arbour N, Kaufmann DE, Prat A, Larochelle C. Identification of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune alterations in acutely ill patients. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:145853. [PMID: 33635833 DOI: 10.1172/jci145853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated immune profiles have been described in symptomatic patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Whether the reported immune alterations are specific to SARS-CoV-2 infection or also triggered by other acute illnesses remains unclear. We performed flow cytometry analysis on fresh peripheral blood from a consecutive cohort of (a) patients hospitalized with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, (b) patients of comparable age and sex hospitalized for another acute disease (SARS-CoV-2 negative), and (c) healthy controls. Using both data-driven and hypothesis-driven analyses, we found several dysregulations in immune cell subsets (e.g., decreased proportion of T cells) that were similarly associated with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and non-COVID-19-related acute illnesses. In contrast, we identified specific differences in myeloid and lymphocyte subsets that were associated with SARS-CoV-2 status (e.g., elevated proportion of ICAM-1+ mature/activated neutrophils, ALCAM+ monocytes, and CD38+CD8+ T cells). A subset of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune alterations correlated with disease severity, disease outcome at 30 days, and mortality. Our data provide an understanding of the immune dysregulation specifically associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among acute care hospitalized patients. Our study lays the foundation for the development of specific biomarkers to stratify SARS-CoV-2-positive patients at risk of unfavorable outcomes and to uncover candidate molecules to investigate from a therapeutic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose-Marie Rébillard
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Charabati
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Camille Grasmuck
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Abdelali Filali-Mouhim
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivier Tastet
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Brassard
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Audrey Daigneault
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lyne Bourbonnière
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sai Priya Anand
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Renaud Balthazard
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and
| | - Romain Gasser
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and
| | - Mehdi Benlarbi
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and
| | - Ana Carmena Moratalla
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Carpentier Solorio
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marianne Boutin
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and
| | - Negar Farzam-Kia
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jade Descôteaux-Dinelle
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and
| | - Antoine Philippe Fournier
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Gowing
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annemarie Laumaea
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and
| | - Hélène Jamann
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Boaz Lahav
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Goyette
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florent Lemaître
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Victoria Hannah Mamane
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and
| | - Karine Thai
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Cailhier
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and
| | - Michaël Chassé
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Madeleine Durand
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel E Kaufmann
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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29
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Käser T. Swine as biomedical animal model for T-cell research-Success and potential for transmittable and non-transmittable human diseases. Mol Immunol 2021; 135:95-115. [PMID: 33873098 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Swine is biologically one of the most relevant large animal models for biomedical research. With its use as food animal that can be exploited as a free cell and tissue source for research and its high susceptibility to human diseases, swine additionally represent an excellent option for both the 3R principle and One Health research. One of the previously most limiting factors of the pig model was its arguably limited immunological toolbox. Yet, in the last decade, this toolbox has vastly improved including the ability to study porcine T-cells. This review summarizes the swine model for biomedical research with focus on T cells. It first contrasts the swine model to the more commonly used mouse and non-human primate model before describing the current capabilities to characterize and extend our knowledge on porcine T cells. Thereafter, it not only reflects on previous biomedical T-cell research but also extends into areas in which more in-depth T-cell analyses could strongly benefit biomedical research. While the former should inform on the successes of biomedical T-cell research in swine, the latter shall inspire swine T-cell researchers to find collaborations with researchers working in other areas - such as nutrition, allergy, cancer, transplantation, infectious diseases, or vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Käser
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, 27607 Raleigh, NC, USA.
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30
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Pourvali K, Monji H. Obesity and intestinal stem cell susceptibility to carcinogenesis. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:37. [PMID: 33827616 PMCID: PMC8028194 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a top public health problem associated with an increase in colorectal cancer incidence. Stem cells are the chief cells in tissue homeostasis that self-renew and differentiate into other cells to regenerate the organ. It is speculated that an increase in stem cell pool makes cells susceptible to carcinogenesis. In this review, we looked at the recent investigations linking obesity/high-fat diet-induced obesity to intestinal carcinogenesis with regard to intestinal stem cells and their niche. Findings High-fat diet-induced obesity may rise intestinal carcinogenesis by increased Intestinal stem cells (ISC)/progenitor’s population, stemness, and niche independence through activation of PPAR-δ with fatty acids, hormonal alterations related to obesity, and low-grade inflammation. However, these effects may possibly relate to the interaction between fats and carbohydrates, and not a fatty acid per se. Nonetheless, literature studies are inconsistency in their results, probably due to the differences in the diet components and limitations of genetic models used. Conclusion High-fat diet-induced obesity affects carcinogenesis by changing ISC proliferation and function. However, a well-matched diet and the reliable colorectal cancer models that mimic human carcinogenesis is necessary to clearly elucidate the influence of high-fat diet-induced obesity on ISC behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Pourvali
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1981619573, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Monji
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1981619573, Tehran, Iran.
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31
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Tylutka A, Morawin B, Gramacki A, Zembron-Lacny A. Lifestyle exercise attenuates immunosenescence; flow cytometry analysis. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:200. [PMID: 33752623 PMCID: PMC7986285 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interaction of physical activity and overall immune profile is very complex and depends on the intensity, duration and frequency of undertaken physical activity, the exposure to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and the age-related changes in the immune system. Daily physical activity, which particularly influences immunity, declines dramatically with age. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explain whether physical activity sustained throughout life can attenuate or reverse immunosenescence. Methods Ninety-nine older adults (60–90 years) were recruited for the study. According to the 6-min walk test (6WMT), the Åstrand-Ryhming bike test (VO2max) and Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire, the individuals were classified as physically active (n = 34) and inactive (n = 20) groups. The analysis of T lymphocytes between active vs. inactive participants was performed using eight-parameter flow cytometry. Results Analysis of the baseline peripheral naïve and memory T lymphocytes showed a significant relationship of lifestyle exercise with the CD4/CD8 ratio. Above 50% of physically active participants demonstrated the CD4/CD8 ratio ≥ 1 or ≤ 2.5 contrary to the inactive group who showed the ratio < 1. The older adults with the result of 6WMT > 1.3 m/s and VO2max > 35 mL/kg/min had a significantly higher CD4+CD45RA+ T lymphocyte percentage and also a higher ratio of CD4+CD45RA+/CD4+CD45RO+. Interestingly, in active older adults with IgG CMV+ (n = 30) the count of CD4+CD45RA+ T lymphocytes was higher than in the inactive group with IgG CMV+ (n = 20). Conclusion Based on the flow cytometry analysis, we concluded that lifestyle exercise could lead to rejuvenation of the immune system by increasing the percentage of naïve T lymphocytes or by reducing the tendency of the inverse CD4/CD8 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tylutka
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty Str., 65-046, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Barbara Morawin
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty Str., 65-046, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Artur Gramacki
- Faculty of Computer, Electrical and Control Engineering, Institute of Control and Computation Engineering University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zembron-Lacny
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty Str., 65-046, Zielona Gora, Poland.
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Oh KK, Adnan M, Ju I, Cho DH. A network pharmacology study on main chemical compounds from Hibiscus cannabinus L. leaves. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11062-11082. [PMID: 35423640 PMCID: PMC8695834 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10932k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibiscus cannabinus L. leaves (HCLLs) are considered a favorable source of natural antiobesity substances. However, actual bioactive compound(s) in it and their mechanism(s) against obesity have not been confirmed. Hence, network pharmacology was conducted to identify its key compounds and mechanism(s) against obesity. Compounds in HCLLs were identified through GC-MS analysis and screened by Lipinski's rule. Genes related to the selected compounds and obesity were obtained from public databases, and overlapping genes between HCLL compound-related genes and obesity target genes were selected using a Venn diagram. The networking between selected compounds and overlapping genes was then constructed, visualized, and analyzed by RStudio. Finally, the binding affinity between compounds and genes was evaluated via molecular docking (MD). A total of 30 compounds in HCLLs were detected via GC-MS, and Lipinski's rule accepted all compounds. The compound-related genes (570 genes) and obesity targeted genes (3028 genes) were identified, and between them, 64 overlapping genes were selected. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) displayed that the mechanisms of HCLLs against obesity were associated with 13 signaling pathways on 22 compounds in HCLLs. Superficially, AKT1, vitamin E, and RAS signaling pathways were noted as a hub gene, an uppermost bioactive compound, and a hub signaling pathway, respectively. However, the binding affinity of ligands and proteins on the RAS signaling pathway was very low; instead, the PPAR signalling pathway was evaluated with potent efficacy against obesity through MD. On the PPAR signaling pathway, α-amyrin was found as the most significant compound for the amelioration of obesity. α-Amyrin manifested the strongest binding affinity on six target proteins associated with the PPAR signaling pathway. Our study suggests that an auxiliary (PPAR) signaling pathway of HCLLs might intervene efficiently against obesity over the hub (RAS) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Kwang Oh
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Korea +82-33-250-6475
| | - Md Adnan
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Korea +82-33-250-6475
| | - Inseok Ju
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Korea
| | - Dong Ha Cho
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Korea +82-33-250-6475
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Nyambuya TM, Dludla PV, Nkambule BB. Diet-Induced Obesity Promotes the Upregulation of Fas Expression on T-cells. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030217. [PMID: 33808960 PMCID: PMC8000544 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the expression of Fas (CD95) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) on circulating T-cells in obesity using a diet-induced obesity mouse model. Furthermore, we aimed to determine if there are any associations between metabolic disorders and the expression of T-cell regulatory markers. A total of 12 male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into either a high-fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet (LFD) group for 8 weeks (n = 6/group). Changes in body weights were monitored on a weekly basis. The lipid, glucose, and hematological profiles, as well as Fas and PD1 expression on the T-cell immunophenotype, were measured after 8 weeks of feeding. The HFD-fed group had a higher percentage weight gain (29.17%) in comparison with the LFD-fed group (21.74%) after the 8-week period. In addition, the HFD group had increased fasting glucose and glucose excursion following a 2-h postprandial period. The levels of total cholesterol were elevated in the HFD group when compared with the LFD group (p < 0.05). Notably, the absolute white cell count (p = 0.0096), neutrophil count (p = 0.0022, lymphocytes (p = 0.0155), and monocyte count (p = 0.0015) were elevated in the HFD group when compared with the LFD-fed group. However, the platelets (0.0680), red cell counts (0.3575), and their indices (p > 0.05) were comparable between the two groups. Interestingly, HFD feeding was associated with elevated expression of Fas on T-cells (p < 0.0001), which positively correlated with body weights (r = 0.93, p = 0.0333). No associations were found between Fas expression and dyslipidemia or fasting blood glucose levels (p > 0.05). The multivariant regression analysis showed that the association between the levels of Fas on T-cells and body weights (coefficient: -1.00, t-value: 19.27, p = 0.0330) was independent of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and lymphocyte count. Lastly, the expression of PD-1 on T-cells was comparable between the two diet groups (p = 0.1822). In all, immune activation, dyslipidemia, and poor glucose control in the early stages of obesity may drive the pathogenesis of metabolic T-cell disorders. Importantly, T-cell dysfunction in obesity is partially mediated by an upregulation of Fas which is independent of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawanda Maurice Nyambuya
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
- Correspondence: (T.M.N.); (B.B.N.); Tel.: +264-61-207-2914 (T.M.N.); +27-(0)31-260-8964 (B.B.N.)
| | - Phiwayinkosi Vusi Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa;
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Bongani Brian Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
- Correspondence: (T.M.N.); (B.B.N.); Tel.: +264-61-207-2914 (T.M.N.); +27-(0)31-260-8964 (B.B.N.)
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Khojandi N, Kuehm LM, Piening A, Donlin MJ, Hsueh EC, Schwartz TL, Farrell K, Richart JM, Geerling E, Pinto AK, George SL, Albert CJ, Ford DA, Chen X, Kline J, Teague RM. Oxidized Lipoproteins Promote Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy Independent of Patient Obesity. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:214-226. [PMID: 33303575 PMCID: PMC7864876 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antitumor immunity is impaired in obese mice. Mechanistic insight into this observation remains sparse and whether it is recapitulated in patients with cancer is unclear because clinical studies have produced conflicting and controversial findings. We addressed this by analyzing data from patients with a diverse array of cancer types. We found that survival after immunotherapy was not accurately predicted by body mass index or serum leptin concentrations. However, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in serum was identified as a suppressor of T-cell function and a driver of tumor cytoprotection mediated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Analysis of a human melanoma gene expression database showed a clear association between higher HMOX1 (HO-1) expression and reduced progression-free survival. Our in vivo experiments using mouse models of both melanoma and breast cancer revealed HO-1 as a mechanism of resistance to anti-PD1 immunotherapy but also exposed HO-1 as a vulnerability that could be exploited therapeutically using a small-molecule inhibitor. In conclusion, our clinical data have implicated serum ox-LDL as a mediator of therapeutic resistance in patients with cancer, operating as a double-edged sword that both suppressed T-cell immunity and simultaneously induced HO-1-mediated tumor cell protection. Our studies also highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting HO-1 during immunotherapy, encouraging further translational development of this combination approach.See article by Kuehm et al., p. 227.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Khojandi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lindsey M Kuehm
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alexander Piening
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Maureen J Donlin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Eddy C Hsueh
- Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Theresa L Schwartz
- Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kaitlin Farrell
- Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John M Richart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Elizabeth Geerling
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Amelia K Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sarah L George
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Carolyn J Albert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David A Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Xiufen Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Justin Kline
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ryan M Teague
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
- Alvin J. Siteman National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
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Abu N, Othman N, Ab Razak NS, Bakarurraini NAAR, Nasir SN, Soh JEC, Mazlan L, Azman ZAM, Jamal R. Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Colorectal Cancer Affects CD8 T Cells: An Analysis Based on Body Mass Index. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:564648. [PMID: 33324632 PMCID: PMC7726136 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.564648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most widely diagnosed cancers worldwide. It has been shown that the body-mass index (BMI) of the patients could influence the tumor microenvironment, treatment response, and overall survival rates. Nevertheless, the mechanism on how BMI affects the tumorigenesis process, particularly the tumor microenvironment is still elusive. Herein, we postulate that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from CRC patients and non-CRC volunteers with different BMI could affect immune cells differently, in CD8 T cells particularly. We isolated the EVs from the archived serum of CRC patients with high and low BMI, as well as healthy controls with similar BMI status. The EVs were further characterized via electron microscopy, western blot and dynamic light scattering. Then, functional analysis was performed on CD8 T cells including apoptosis, cell proliferation, gene expression profiling and cytokine release upon co-incubation with the different EVs. Our results suggest that CRC-derived EVs were able to regulate the CD8 T cells. In some assays, low BMI EVs were functionally different than high BMI EVs. This study highlights the possible difference in the regulatory mechanism of cancer patients-derived EVs, especially on CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norahayu Othman
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur' Syahada Ab Razak
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Nurmi Nasir
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Joanne Ern Chi Soh
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Mazlan
- Department of Surgery, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zairul Azwan Mohd Azman
- Department of Surgery, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
T cells are an essential component of the immune system that provide antigen-specific acute and long lasting immune responses to infections and tumors, ascertain the maintenance of immunological tolerance and, on the flipside, mediate autoimmunity in a variety of diseases. The activation of T cells through antigen recognition by the T cell receptor (TCR) results in transient and sustained Ca2+ signals that are shaped by the opening of Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane and cellular organelles. The dynamic regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations controls a variety of T cell functions on the timescale of seconds to days after signal initiation. Among the more recently identified roles of Ca2+ signaling in T cells is the regulation of metabolic pathways that control the function of many T cell subsets. In this review, we discuss how Ca2+ regulates several metabolic programs in T cells such as the activation of AMPK and the PI3K-AKT-mTORC1 pathway, aerobic glycolysis, mitochondrial metabolism including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle function and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), as well as lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhu Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Tao
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Vaeth
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Stein C, Burtey S, Mancini J, Pelletier M, Sallée M, Brunet P, Berbis P, Grob JJ, Honoré S, Gaudy C, Jourde-Chiche N. Acute kidney injury in patients treated with anti-programmed death receptor-1 for advanced melanoma: a real-life study in a single-centre cohort. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 36:1664-1674. [PMID: 32941608 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoints inhibitors have transformed the prognosis of advanced melanoma but are associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We evaluated the incidence, risk factors and causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in a monocentric real-life cohort of patients treated with anti-programmed death receptor-1 (anti-PD1) antibodies for advanced melanoma. METHODS Retrospective collection of medical charts and comprehensive analysis of lab results from patients treated with nivolumab or pembrolizumab for advanced melanoma between 2014 and 2018 was carried out. AKI was defined by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria, and causes were determined by chart review. Overall survival, survival without AKI and impact of AKI on survival were analysed. Risk factors for death and for AKI were identified. RESULTS Two hundred and thirty-nine patients were included. Forty-one (17%) had at least one episode of AKI. Independent risk factors for AKI were treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi), pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cumulated doses of anti-PD1. The main cause of AKI was prerenal, and only eight patients (3.3%) developed acute interstitial nephritis; 8% of patients developed CKD. The median overall survival was 13.4 months and was not affected by AKI. In multivariate analysis, the overall mortality was lower in overweight and obese patients and higher in patients treated with proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) or corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS AKI is common in patients treated with anti-PD1 for advanced melanoma but is mostly prerenal and favoured by the use of RAASi; renal irAE is rare. PPI and corticosteroids were associated with poor survival in this population, while overweight/obesity was protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Stein
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Burtey
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Mancini
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Santé Publique, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Pelletier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Sallée
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Brunet
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Berbis
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Jacques Grob
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie et Cancérologie Cutanée, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Honoré
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Onco-Pharmacie, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Gaudy
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie et Cancérologie Cutanée, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Noémie Jourde-Chiche
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Marseille, France
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McCartney SA, Kachikis A, Huebner EM, Walker CL, Chandrasekaran S, Adams Waldorf KM. Obesity as a contributor to immunopathology in pregnant and non-pregnant adults with COVID-19. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 84:e13320. [PMID: 32779790 PMCID: PMC7435524 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has led to a global public health emergency with the need to identify vulnerable populations who may benefit from increased screening and healthcare resources. Initial data suggest that overall, pregnancy is not a significant risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, case series have suggested that maternal obesity is one of the most important comorbidities associated with more severe disease. In obese individuals, suppressors of cytokine signaling are upregulated and type I and III interferon responses are delayed and blunted leading to ineffective viral clearance. Obesity is also associated with changes in systemic immunity involving a wide range of immune cells and mechanisms that lead to low‐grade chronic inflammation, which can compromise antiviral immunity. Macrophage activation in adipose tissue can produce low levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6). Further, adipocyte secretion of leptin is pro‐inflammatory and high circulating levels of leptin have been associated with mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The synergistic effects of obesity‐associated delays in immune control of COVID‐19 with mechanical stress of increased adipose tissue may contribute to a greater risk of pulmonary compromise in obese pregnant women. In this review, we bring together data regarding obesity as a key co‐morbidity for COVID‐19 in pregnancy with known changes in the antiviral immune response associated with obesity. We also describe how the global burden of obesity among reproductive age women has serious public health implications for COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A McCartney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alisa Kachikis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily M Huebner
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Suchi Chandrasekaran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristina M Adams Waldorf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Frasca D, Blomberg BB. Obesity Accelerates Age Defects in Mouse and Human B Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2060. [PMID: 32983154 PMCID: PMC7492533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, similar to aging, is associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, known as inflammaging, and represents a significantly higher risk for developing chronic diseases typical of old age. Immune cells are recruited to the obese adipose tissue (AT) by chemotactic molecules secreted by non-immune and immune cells in the AT, both contributing to the release of several pro-inflammatory mediators that fuel local and systemic inflammation, to the refractory response of immune cells to further in vivo and in vitro stimulation and to the induction of autoimmune B cells with potentially pathogenic repertoires. In terms of molecular mechanisms involved, leptin, an adipokine secreted primarily by adipocytes, has been proposed to be involved in the reduced generation of protective antibodies, and in the increased generation of autoimmune antibodies, further supporting the concept that obesity accelerates age defects. Leptin has also been shown to induce intrinsic B cell inflammation and B cell immunosenescence. The results presented in this review highlight the importance of weight reduction programs to improve immunity and reduce the risk for developing chronic diseases in obese and older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Bonnie B Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Sfera A, Osorio C, Jafri N, Diaz EL, Campo Maldonado JE. Intoxication With Endogenous Angiotensin II: A COVID-19 Hypothesis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1472. [PMID: 32655579 PMCID: PMC7325923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has spread rapidly around the globe. However, despite its high pathogenicity and transmissibility, the severity of the associated disease, COVID-19, varies widely. While the prognosis is favorable in most patients, critical illness, manifested by respiratory distress, thromboembolism, shock, and multi-organ failure, has been reported in about 5% of cases. Several studies have associated poor COVID-19 outcomes with the exhaustion of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells, lymphopenia, and elevated serum levels of D-dimer. In this article, we propose a common pathophysiological denominator for these negative prognostic markers, endogenous, angiotensin II toxicity. We hypothesize that, like in avian influenza, the outlook of COVID-19 is negatively correlated with the intracellular accumulation of angiotensin II promoted by the viral blockade of its degrading enzyme receptors. In this model, upregulated angiotensin II causes premature vascular senescence, leading to dysfunctional coagulation, and immunity. We further hypothesize that angiotensin II blockers and immune checkpoint inhibitors may be salutary for COVID-19 patients with critical illness by reversing both the clotting and immune defects (Graphical Abstract).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Sfera
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Carolina Osorio
- Department of Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Nyla Jafri
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Eddie Lee Diaz
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Jose E Campo Maldonado
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States
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Jain R, Coss C, Whooley P, Phelps M, Owen DH. The Role of Malnutrition and Muscle Wasting in Advanced Lung Cancer. Curr Oncol Rep 2020; 22:54. [PMID: 32409907 PMCID: PMC8717049 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-020-00916-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Malnutrition, cancer cachexia, and sarcopenia often co-occur in patients with advanced cancer and are associated with poorer response to chemotherapy and reduced survival. Here, we evaluate the current literature regarding the role of nutrition and these associated conditions in patients with advanced lung cancer. RECENT FINDINGS While rates of malnutrition are high, nutritional intervention studies have generally been limited by small sample sizes. Novel strategies such as home-based meal delivery may have promise. While no therapy is approved for cancer cachexia, ghrelin agonists and other targeted therapies have yielded promising data in clinical trials. Recent data also suggest that obesity may improve immunotherapy responsiveness. Malnutrition and associated muscle wasting are clearly negative prognostic markers in advanced lung cancer. Patients with malnutrition should be urgently referred for dietary counseling and guidelines for nutritional support should be followed. Optimal treatment of these syndromes will likely include nutrition and anti-cachexia interventions used in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Jain
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Chris Coss
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peter Whooley
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mitch Phelps
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dwight H Owen
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Woodall MJ, Neumann S, Campbell K, Pattison ST, Young SL. The Effects of Obesity on Anti-Cancer Immunity and Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1230. [PMID: 32422865 PMCID: PMC7281442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditional treatments include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and more recently targeted therapies including immunotherapy are becoming routine care for some cancers. Immunotherapy aims to upregulate the patient's own immune system, enabling it to destroy cancerous cells. Obesity is a metabolic disorder characterized by significant weight that is an important contributor to many different diseases, including cancers. Obesity impacts the immune system and causes, among other things, a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. This is hypothesized to impact the efficacy of the immunotherapies. This review discusses the effects of obesity on the immune system and cancer immunotherapy, including the current evidence on the effect of obesity on immune checkpoint blockade, something which currently published reviews on this topic have not delved into. Data from several studies show that even though obesity causes a state of chronic low-grade inflammation with reductions in effector immune populations, it has a beneficial effect on patient survival following anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 treatment. However, research in this field is just emerging and further work is needed to expand our understanding of which cancer patients are likely to benefit from immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Woodall
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (M.J.W.); (S.N.); (K.C.)
| | - Silke Neumann
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (M.J.W.); (S.N.); (K.C.)
| | - Katrin Campbell
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (M.J.W.); (S.N.); (K.C.)
| | - Sharon T. Pattison
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Sarah L. Young
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (M.J.W.); (S.N.); (K.C.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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43
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Coleman MF, Cozzo AJ, Pfeil AJ, Etigunta SK, Hursting SD. Cell Intrinsic and Systemic Metabolism in Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040852. [PMID: 32244756 PMCID: PMC7225951 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has shown extraordinary promise at treating cancers otherwise resistant to treatment. However, for ICI therapy to be effective, it must overcome the metabolic limitations of the tumor microenvironment. Tumor metabolism has long been understood to be highly dysregulated, with potent immunosuppressive effects. Moreover, T cell activation and longevity within the tumor microenvironment are intimately tied to T cell metabolism and are required for the long-term efficacy of ICI therapy. We discuss in this review the intersection of metabolic competition in the tumor microenvironment, T cell activation and metabolism, the roles of tumor cell metabolism in immune evasion, and the impact of host metabolism in determining immune surveillance and ICI therapy outcomes. We also discussed the effects of obesity and calorie restriction—two important systemic metabolic perturbations that impact intrinsic metabolic pathways in T cells as well as cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA; (M.F.C.); (A.J.C.); (A.J.P.); (S.K.E.)
| | - Alyssa J. Cozzo
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA; (M.F.C.); (A.J.C.); (A.J.P.); (S.K.E.)
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Alexander J. Pfeil
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA; (M.F.C.); (A.J.C.); (A.J.P.); (S.K.E.)
| | - Suhas K. Etigunta
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA; (M.F.C.); (A.J.C.); (A.J.P.); (S.K.E.)
| | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA; (M.F.C.); (A.J.C.); (A.J.P.); (S.K.E.)
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
- Correspondence:
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Turbitt WJ, Collins SD, Meng H, Rogers CJ. Increased Adiposity Enhances the Accumulation of MDSCs in the Tumor Microenvironment and Adipose Tissue of Pancreatic Tumor-Bearing Mice and in Immune Organs of Tumor-Free Hosts. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123012. [PMID: 31835454 PMCID: PMC6950402 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk and reduced survival for many types of cancer. Increasing adiposity may affect the balance between immunosuppressive and antitumor mechanisms critical for dictating cancer progression or remission. The goal of the current study was to determine if increased adiposity altered tumor growth, survival, and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) accumulation in a subcutaneous murine model of pancreatic cancer. C57BL/6 mice were placed on a 30% kcal calorie-restricted diet, 10% kcal from fat diet fed ad libitum, or 60% kcal from fat diet fed ad libitum for 16 weeks to generate lean, overweight, and obese mice, respectively; followed by subcutaneous injection with 1 × 106 Panc.02 cells. We observed a significant linear relationship between increased adiposity and increased tumor growth and mortality; increased accumulation of Gr-1+CD11b+ MDSCs; and reduced CD8 T cell:MDSC ratio in multiple tissues, including tumor. Increased adiposity also increased the accumulation of MDSCs in the spleen and lymph node of tumor-free mice. These data suggest adiposity induces MDSC accumulation, which may contribute to an immunosuppressive environment promoting tumor growth. Overall, our findings provide a rationale to prevent or reverse increased body weight as a strategy to reduce the accumulation of immunosuppressive cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Turbitt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (W.J.T.); (S.D.C.); (H.M.)
| | - Shawntawnee D. Collins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (W.J.T.); (S.D.C.); (H.M.)
| | - Huicui Meng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (W.J.T.); (S.D.C.); (H.M.)
| | - Connie J. Rogers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (W.J.T.); (S.D.C.); (H.M.)
- Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 16802, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-814-867-3716; Fax: +1-814-863-6103
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Kado T, Nawaz A, Takikawa A, Usui I, Tobe K. Linkage of CD8 + T cell exhaustion with high-fat diet-induced tumourigenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12284. [PMID: 31439906 PMCID: PMC6706391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of cancer. Increased levels of hormones (such as oestrogen, insulin, insulin-like growth factor, and leptin), free fatty acid-induced production of reactive oxygen species, an altered intestinal microbiome and chronic inflammation are known to be associated with an increased cancer risk in obese subjects. However, the mechanism underlying the connection between obesity and cancer development remains elusive. Here, we show that a high-fat diet (HFD) promotes tumour initiation/progression and induces a phenotypic switch from PD-1− CD8+non-exhausted T cells to PD-1+ CD8+exhausted T cells in a murine breast cancer model. While PD-1− CD8+non-exhausted T cells predominated in the mammary glands of normal diet (ND)-fed mice, PD-1+ CD8+exhausted T cells accumulated in the developing tumours of HFD-fed mice. Gene expression profiles indicated that PD-1+ CD8+ T cells expressed higher levels of the tumour-trophic gene Opn and lower levels of the cytotoxic genes Ifng and Gzmb than did PD-1− CD8+ T cells. Our study provides a possible mechanistic linkage between obesity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonobu Kado
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Allah Nawaz
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Isao Usui
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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Contribution of Aging, Obesity, and Microbiota on Tumor Immunotherapy Efficacy and Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143586. [PMID: 31340438 PMCID: PMC6678743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has entered the forefront of cancer treatment, but major challenges still exist, such as the limited proportion of patients that respond to treatment and treatment-related toxicity. Therefore, biomarkers to predict which patients will benefit from therapy without major side effects are of the utmost importance. Moreover, novel therapeutic targets to increase the proportion of responding patients on a given immunotherapy or to alleviate immunotherapy-induced toxicity could be a valuable adjunct to immunotherapy treatment. Host factors such as age, obesity, and the composition of the gut microbiome have considerable effects on immune responses and, hence, could have a large impact on the outcome of immunotherapies. Moreover, since these host factors differ considerably between preclinical mouse models and human cancer patients, it might be possible that these host factors account, in part, for the observed discrepancies in outcomes between mice experiments and clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the latest data on the influence of aging, obesity, and the gut microbiome on the anti-tumor immune response and immunotherapy and propose avenues to increase our knowledge on this topic in order to improve patient selection for cancer immunotherapy treatment.
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47
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Wang LH, Huang W, Wei D, Ding DG, Liu YR, Wang JJ, Zhou ZY. Mechanisms of Acupuncture Therapy for Simple Obesity: An Evidence-Based Review of Clinical and Animal Studies on Simple Obesity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:5796381. [PMID: 30854010 PMCID: PMC6378065 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5796381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Simple obesity is a worldwide epidemic associated with rapidly growing morbidity and mortality which imposes an enormous burden on individual and public health. As a part of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), acupuncture has shown the positive efficacy in the management of simple obesity. In this article, we comprehensively review the clinical and animal studies that demonstrated the potential mechanisms of acupuncture treatment for simple obesity. Clinical studies suggested that acupuncture regulates endocrine system, promotes digestion, attenuates oxidative stress, and modulates relevant molecules of metabolism in patients of simple obesity. Evidence from laboratory indicated that acupuncture regulates lipid metabolism, modulates inflammatory responses, and promotes white adipose tissue browning. Acupuncture also suppresses appetite through regulating appetite regulatory hormones and the downstream signaling pathway. The evidence from clinical and animal studies indicates that acupuncture induces multifaceted regulation through complex mechanisms and moreover a single factor may not be enough to explain the beneficial effects against simple obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine/Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine/Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, China
- Department of Acupuncture, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Wei
- Department of Acupuncture, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - De-Guang Ding
- Department of Acupuncture, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Ran Liu
- Department of Acupuncture, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Jie Wang
- Department of Acupuncture, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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48
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Wu B, Sun X, Gupta HB, Yuan B, Li J, Ge F, Chiang HC, Zhang X, Zhang C, Zhang D, Yang J, Hu Y, Curiel TJ, Li R. Adipose PD-L1 Modulates PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy Efficacy in Breast Cancer. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1500107. [PMID: 30393583 PMCID: PMC6209395 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1500107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) modulate antitumor immunity and are major targets of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. However, clinical trials of anti-PD-L1 and anti-PD-1 antibodies in breast cancer demonstrate only modest efficacy. Furthermore, specific PD-L1 contributions in various tissue and cell compartments to antitumor immunity remain incompletely elucidated. Here we show that PD-L1 expression is markedly elevated in mature adipocytes versus preadipocytes. Adipocyte PD-L1 prevents anti-PD-L1 antibody from activating important antitumor functions of CD8+ T cells in vitro. Adipocyte PD-L1 ablation obliterates, whereas forced preadipocyte PD-L1 expression confers, these inhibitory effects. Pharmacologic inhibition of adipogenesis selectively reduces PD-L1 expression in mouse adipose tissue and enhances the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-L1 or anti-PD-1 antibodies in syngeneic mammary tumor models. Our findings provide a previously unappreciated approach to bolster anticancer immunotherapy efficacy and suggest a mechanism for the role of adipose tissue in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogang Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Xiujie Sun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Harshita B. Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Huai-Chin Chiang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Deyi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Yanfen Hu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Tyler J. Curiel
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
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