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Ednacot EMQ, Nabhani A, Dinh DM, Morehouse BR. Pharmacological potential of cyclic nucleotide signaling in immunity. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 258:108653. [PMID: 38679204 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides are important signaling molecules that play many critical physiological roles including controlling cell fate and development, regulation of metabolic processes, and responding to changes in the environment. Cyclic nucleotides are also pivotal regulators in immune signaling, orchestrating intricate processes that maintain homeostasis and defend against pathogenic threats. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the pharmacological potential of cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways within the realm of immunity. Beginning with an overview of the fundamental roles of cAMP and cGMP as ubiquitous second messengers, this review delves into the complexities of their involvement in immune responses. Special attention is given to the challenges associated with modulating these signaling pathways for therapeutic purposes, emphasizing the necessity for achieving cell-type specificity to avert unintended consequences. A major focus of the review is on the recent paradigm-shifting discoveries regarding specialized cyclic nucleotide signals in the innate immune system, notably the cGAS-STING pathway. The significance of cyclic dinucleotides, exemplified by 2'3'-cGAMP, in controlling immune responses against pathogens and cancer, is explored. The evolutionarily conserved nature of cyclic dinucleotides as antiviral agents, spanning across diverse organisms, underscores their potential as targets for innovative immunotherapies. Findings from the last several years have revealed a striking diversity of novel bacterial cyclic nucleotide second messengers which are involved in antiviral responses. Knowledge of the existence and precise identity of these molecules coupled with accurate descriptions of their associated immune defense pathways will be essential to the future development of novel antibacterial therapeutic strategies. The insights presented herein may help researchers navigate the evolving landscape of immunopharmacology as it pertains to cyclic nucleotides and point toward new avenues or lines of thinking about development of therapeutics against the pathways they regulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirene Marie Q Ednacot
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ali Nabhani
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - David M Dinh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Benjamin R Morehouse
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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2
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Webster CM, Shepherd M. The nitric oxide paradox: antimicrobial and inhibitor of antibiotic efficacy. Emerg Top Life Sci 2024; 8:37-43. [PMID: 37975610 PMCID: PMC10903473 DOI: 10.1042/etls20230114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that antibiotics target energy-consuming processes and a significant body of research now supports the conclusion that the metabolic state of bacteria can have a profound impact upon the efficacy of antibiotics. Several articles implicate bacterial energetics and the respiratory inhibitor nitric oxide (NO) in this process, although pinpointing the precise mechanism for how NO can diminish the potency of a range of antibiotics through modulating bacterial energy metabolism has proved challenging. Herein, we introduce the role of NO during infection, consider known links between NO and antibiotic efficacy, and discuss potential mechanisms via which NO present at the site of infection could mediate these effects through controlling bacterial energetics. This perspective article highlights an important relationship between NO and antibiotic action that has largely been overlooked and outlines future considerations for the development of new drugs and therapies that target bacterial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum M Webster
- School of Biosciences, RAPID Group, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, U.K
| | - Mark Shepherd
- School of Biosciences, RAPID Group, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, U.K
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3
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Rivera-Millot A, Harrison LB, Veyrier FJ. Copper management strategies in obligate bacterial symbionts: balancing cost and benefit. Emerg Top Life Sci 2024; 8:29-35. [PMID: 38095549 PMCID: PMC10903467 DOI: 10.1042/etls20230113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria employ diverse mechanisms to manage toxic copper in their environments, and these evolutionary strategies can be divided into two main categories: accumulation and rationalization of metabolic pathways. The strategies employed depend on the bacteria's lifestyle and environmental context, optimizing the metabolic cost-benefit ratio. Environmental and opportunistically pathogenic bacteria often possess an extensive range of copper regulation systems in order to respond to variations in copper concentrations and environmental conditions, investing in diversity and/or redundancy as a safeguard against uncertainty. In contrast, obligate symbiotic bacteria, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Bordetella pertussis, tend to have specialized and more parsimonious copper regulation systems designed to function in the relatively stable host environment. These evolutionary strategies maintain copper homeostasis even in challenging conditions like encounters within phagocytic cells. These examples highlight the adaptability of bacterial copper management systems, tailored to their specific lifestyles and environmental requirements, in the context of an evolutionary the trade-off between benefits and energy costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rivera-Millot
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Bacterial Symbionts Evolution, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Luke B. Harrison
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Bacterial Symbionts Evolution, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Frédéric J. Veyrier
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Bacterial Symbionts Evolution, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
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4
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Li H, Wang J, Kim H, Peng X, Yoon J. Activatable Near-Infrared Versatile Fluorescent and Chemiluminescent Dyes Based on the Dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran Scaffold: From Design to Imaging and Theranostics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202311764. [PMID: 37855139 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Activatable fluorescent and chemiluminescent dyes with near-infrared emission have indispensable roles in the fields of bioimaging, molecular prodrugs, and phototheranostic agents. As one of the most popular fluorophore scaffolds, the dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran scaffold has been applied to fabricate a large number of versatile activatable optical dyes for analytes detection and diseases diagnosis and treatment by virtue of its high photostability, large Stokes shift, considerable two-photon absorption cross-section, and structural modifiability. This review discusses the molecular design strategies, recognition mechanisms, and both in vitro and in vivo bio-applications (especially for diagnosis and therapy of tumors) of activatable dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran dyes. The final section describes the current shortcomings and future development prospects of this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Heejeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
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5
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Borkar SB, Negi M, Acharya TR, Lamichhane P, Kaushik N, Choi EH, Kaushik NK. Mitigation of T3SS-mediated virulence in waterborne pathogenic bacteria by multi-electrode cylindrical-DBD plasma-generated nitric oxide water. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:140997. [PMID: 38128737 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
S. enterica, S. flexneri, and V. parahaemolyticus bacteria are globally recognized to cause severe diarrheal diseases, consisting of Type III Secretion System (T3SS) effectors that help in bacterial infection and virulence in host cells. This study investigates the properties of multi-electrode cylindrical DBD plasma-generated nitric oxide water (MCDBD-PG-NOW) treatment on the survival and virulence of S. enterica, S. flexneri, and V. parahaemolyticus bacteria. The Colony Forming Unit (CFU) assay, live/dead cell staining, lipid peroxidation assay, and bacteria morphological analysis showed substantial growth inhibition of bacteria. Moreover, to confirm the interaction of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) with bacterial membrane biotin switch assay, DAF-FM, and FTIR analysis were carried out, which established the formation of S-nitrosothiols in the cell membrane, intracellular accumulation of RNS, and changes in the cell composition post-PG-NOW treatment. Furthermore, the conventional culture-based method and a quantitative PCR using propidium monoazide showed minimal VBNC induction under similar condition. The efficiency of bacteria to adhere to mammalian colon cells was significantly reduced. In addition, the infection rate was also controlled by disrupting the virulent genes, leading to the collapse of the infection mechanism. This study provides insights into whether RNS generated from PG-NOW might be beneficial for preventing diarrheal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta B Borkar
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics /Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Manorma Negi
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics /Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Tirtha Raj Acharya
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics /Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Prajwal Lamichhane
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics /Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, 18323, South Korea.
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics /Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea.
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics /Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea.
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6
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Park HJ, Jeong HW, Lee C, Lee MR, Choi H, Kim E, Bang IS. Val43 residue of NsrR is crucial for the nitric oxide response of Salmonella Typhimurium. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0302423. [PMID: 38054720 PMCID: PMC10783083 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03024-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT In pathogenic bacteria, the flavohemoglobin Hmp is crucial in metabolizing the cytotoxic levels of nitric oxide (NO) produced in phagocytic cells, contributing to bacterial virulence. Hmp expression is predominantly regulated by the Rrf2 family transcription repressor NsrR in an NO-dependent manner; however, the underlying molecular mechanism in enterobacteria remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified Val43 of Salmonella Typhimurium NsrR (StNsrR) as a critical amino acid residue for regulating Hmp expression. The Val43-to-Ala-substituted mutant NsrR isolated through random and site-directed mutagenesis showed high binding affinity to the target DNA irrespective of NO exposure, resulting in a severe reduction in hmp transcription and slow NO metabolism in Salmonella under NO-producing conditions. Conversely, the Val43-to-Glu-substituted NsrR caused effects similar to nsrR null mutation, which directed hmp transcription and NO metabolism in a constitutive way. Comparative analysis of the primary sequences of NsrR and another NO-sensing Rrf2 family regulator, IscR, from diverse bacteria, revealed that Val43 of enterobacterial NsrR corresponds to Ala in Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Streptomyces coelicolor NsrR and Glu in enterobacterial IscR, all of which are located in the DNA recognition helix α3. The predicted structure of StNsrR in complex with the hmp DNA suggests dissimilar spatial stoichiometry in the interactions of Val43 and its substituted residues with the target DNA, consistent with the observed phenotypic changes in StNsrR Val43 mutants. Our findings highlight the discriminative roles of the NsrR recognition helix in regulating species-specific target gene expression, facilitating effective NO detoxification strategies in bacteria across diverse environments. IMPORTANCE The precise regulation of flavohemoglobin Hmp expression by NsrR is critical for bacterial fitness, as excessive Hmp expression in the absence of NO can disturb bacterial redox homeostasis. While the molecular structure of Streptomyces coelicolor NsrR has been recently identified, the specific molecular structures of NsrR proteins in enterobacteria remain unknown. Our discovery of the crucial role of Val43 in the DNA recognition helix α3 of Salmonella NsrR offers valuable insights into the Hmp modulation under NO stress. Furthermore, the observed amino acid polymorphisms in the α3 helices of NsrR proteins across different bacterial species suggest the diverse evolution of NsrR structure and gene regulation in response to varying levels of NO pressure within their ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jeong Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Jeong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Choa Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Rae Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojung Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eungseok Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Iel Soo Bang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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7
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Borkar SB, Negi M, Jaiswal A, Raj Acharya T, Kaushik N, Choi EH, Kaushik NK. Plasma-generated nitric oxide water: A promising strategy to combat bacterial dormancy (VBNC state) in environmental contaminant Micrococcus luteus. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132634. [PMID: 37793251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The viable but non-culturable (VBNC) is an inactive state, and certain bacteria can enter under adverse conditions. The VBNC state challenges the environment, food safety, and public health since VBNCs may resuscitate and pose a risk to human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of plasma-generated nitric oxide water (PG-NOW) on airborne contaminant Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus) and examine its potential to induce the VBNC state. The essential conditions for bacteria to enter VBNC state are low metabolic activity and rare or no culturable counts. The results indicated that PG-NOW effectively eliminates M. luteus, and the remaining bacteria are in culturable condition. Moreover, the conventional cultured-based method combined with a propidium iodide monoazide quantitative PCR (PMAxxTM-qPCR) showed no significant VBNC induction and moderate culturable counts. Results from the qPCR revealed that gene levels in PG-NOW treated bacteria related to resuscitation-promoting factors, amino acid biosynthesis, and fatty acid metabolism were notably upregulated. PG-NOW inactivated M. luteus showed negligible VBNC formation and alleviated infection ability in lung cells. This study provides new insights into the potential use of PG-NOW reactive species for the prevention and control of the VBNC state of M. luteus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta B Borkar
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics/Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Manorma Negi
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics/Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Apurva Jaiswal
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics/Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Tirtha Raj Acharya
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics/Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong 18323, South Korea.
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics/Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea.
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics/Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea.
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8
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Cotten KL, Davis KM. Bacterial heterogeneity and antibiotic persistence: bacterial mechanisms utilized in the host environment. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2023; 87:e0017422. [PMID: 37962348 PMCID: PMC10732018 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00174-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYAntibiotic persistence, or the ability of small subsets of bacteria to survive prolonged antibiotic treatment, is an underappreciated cause of antibiotic treatment failure. Over the past decade, researchers have discovered multiple different stress responses and mechanisms that can promote antibiotic persistence. However, many of these studies have been completed in culture-based systems that fail to truly replicate the complexities of the host environment, and it is unclear whether the mechanisms defined in in vitro studies are applicable during host infection. In this review, we focus our discussion on recent studies that utilize a mixture of ex vivo culture systems and animal models to understand what stressors in the host environment are important for inducing antibiotic persistence. Different host stressors are involved depending on the anatomical niche the bacteria reside in and whether the host immune system is primed to generate a more robust response against bacteria, which can result in differing downstream effects on antibiotic susceptibility. Bacterial pathogens can also utilize specific strategies to reprogram their metabolism, which is vital for transitioning into an antibiotic-persistent state within host tissues. Importantly, we highlight that more attention is needed to establish guidelines for in vivo work on antibiotic persistence, particularly when identifying antibiotic-persistent subpopulations and distinguishing these phenotypes from antibiotic tolerance. Studying antibiotic persistence in the context of the host environment will be crucial for developing tools and strategies to target antibiotic-persistent bacteria and increase the efficacy of antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. Cotten
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly Michele Davis
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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9
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Sweet LA, Kuss-Duerkop SK, Byndloss MX, Keestra-Gounder AM. Nitrate-mediated luminal expansion of Salmonella Typhimurium is dependent on the ER stress protein CHOP. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.03.565559. [PMID: 37961401 PMCID: PMC10635149 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.03.565559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium is an enteric pathogen that employs a variety of mechanisms to exploit inflammation resulting in expansion in the intestinal tract, but host factors that contribute to or counteract the luminal expansion are not well-defined. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induces inflammation and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. However, little is known about the contribution of ER stress-induced inflammation during Salmonella pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that the ER stress markers Hspa5 and Xbp1 are induced in the colon of S. Typhimurium infected mice, but the pro-apoptotic transcription factor Ddit3, that encodes for the protein CHOP, is significantly downregulated. S. Typhimurium-infected mice deficient for CHOP displayed a significant decrease in inflammation, colonization, dissemination, and pathology compared to littermate control mice. Preceding the differences in S. Typhimurium colonization, a significant decrease in Nos2 gene and iNOS protein expression was observed. Deletion of Chop decreased the bioavailability of nitrate in the colon leading to reduced fitness advantage of wild type S. Typhimurium over a napA narZ narG mutant strain (deficient in nitrate respiration). CD11b+ myeloid cells, but not intestinal epithelial cells, produced iNOS resulting in nitrate bioavailability for S. Typhimurium to expand in the intestinal tract in a CHOP-dependent manner. Altogether our work demonstrates that the host protein CHOP facilitates iNOS expression in CD11b+ cells thereby contributing to luminal expansion of S. Typhimurium via nitrate respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia A. Sweet
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sharon K. Kuss-Duerkop
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mariana X. Byndloss
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Digestive Disease Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Microbiome Innovation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - A. Marijke Keestra-Gounder
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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10
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Lajoie G, Kembel SW. Data-driven identification of major axes of functional variation in bacteria. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:2580-2591. [PMID: 37648438 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of major axes of correlated functional variation among species and habitats has revealed the fundamental trade-offs structuring both functional and taxonomic diversity in eukaryotes such as plants. Whether such functional axes exist in the bacterial realm and whether they could explain bacterial taxonomic turnover among ecosystems remains unknown. Here, we use a data-driven approach to leverage global genomic and metagenomic datasets to reveal the existence of major axes of functional variation explaining both evolutionary differentiation within Bacteria and their ecological sorting across diverse habitats. We show that metagenomic variation among bacterial communities from various ecosystems is structured along a few axes of correlated functional pathways. Similar clusters of traits explained phylogenetic trait variation among >16,000 bacterial genomes, suggesting that functional turnover among bacterial communities from distinct habitats does not only result from the differential filtering of similar functions among communities, but also from phylogenetic correlations among these functions. Concordantly, functional pathways associated with trait clusters that were most important for defining functional turnover among bacterial communities were also those that had the highest phylogenetic signal in the bacterial genomic phylogeny. This study overall underlines the important role of evolutionary history in shaping contemporary distributions of bacteria across ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Lajoie
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Steven W Kembel
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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11
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Bloom BR. A half-century of research on tuberculosis: Successes and challenges. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230859. [PMID: 37552470 PMCID: PMC10407785 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Great progress has been made over the past half-century, but TB remains a formidable global health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding the mechanisms of pathogenesis and necessary and sufficient conditions for protection are critical. The need for inexpensive and sensitive point-of-care diagnostic tests for earlier detection of infection and disease, shorter and less-toxic drug regimens for drug-sensitive and -resistant TB, and a more effective vaccine than BCG is immense. New and better tools, greater support for international research, collaborations, and training will be required to dramatically reduce the burden of this devastating disease which still kills 1.6 million people annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry R. Bloom
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Battaglia M, Garrett-Sinha LA. Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococcus aureus as commensals and pathogens on murine skin. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:18. [PMID: 37533118 PMCID: PMC10394794 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin ulcers, skin dermatitis and skin infections are common phenomena in colonies of laboratory mice and are often found at increased prevalence in certain immunocompromised strains. While in many cases these skin conditions are mild, in other cases they can be severe and lead to animal morbidity. Furthermore, the presence of skin infections and ulcerations can complicate the interpretation of experimental protocols, including those examining immune cell activation. Bacterial species in the genus Staphylococcus are the most common pathogens recovered from skin lesions in mice. In particular, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus xylosus have both been implicated as pathogens on murine skin. Staphylococcus aureus is a well-known pathogen of human skin, but S. xylosus skin infections in humans have not been described, indicating that there is a species-specific difference in the ability of S. xylosus to serve as a skin pathogen. The aim of this review is to summarize studies that link S. aureus and S. xylosus to skin infections of mice and to describe factors involved in their adherence to tissue and their virulence. We discuss potential differences in mouse and human skin that might underlie the ability of S. xylosus to act as a pathogen on murine skin, but not human skin. Finally, we also describe mouse mutants that have shown increased susceptibility to skin infections with staphylococcal bacteria. These mutants point to pathways that are important in the control of commensal staphylococcal bacteria. The information here may be useful to researchers who are working with mouse strains that are prone to skin infections with staphylococcal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Battaglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Lee Ann Garrett-Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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13
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Ronneau S, Michaux C, Helaine S. Decline in nitrosative stress drives antibiotic persister regrowth during infection. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:993-1006.e6. [PMID: 37236190 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Internalization of pathogenic bacteria by macrophages results in formation of antibiotic-tolerant persisters. These cells are maintained in a non-growing state for extended periods of time, and it is assumed that their growth resumption causes infection relapse after cessation of antibiotic treatment. Despite this clinical relevance, the signals and conditions that drive persister regrowth during infection are not yet understood. Here, we found that after persister formation in macrophages, host reactive nitrogen species (RNS) produced in response to Salmonella infection lock persisters in growth arrest by intoxicating their TCA cycle, lowering cellular respiration and ATP production. Intracellular persisters resume growth when macrophage RNS production subsides and functionality of their TCA cycle is regained. Persister growth resumption within macrophages is slow and heterogeneous, dramatically extending the time the persister reservoir feeds infection relapse. Using an inhibitor of RNS production, we can force recalcitrant bacteria to regrow during antibiotic treatment, thereby facilitating their eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverin Ronneau
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charlotte Michaux
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sophie Helaine
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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14
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Marinas IC, Oprea E, Gaboreanu DM, Gradisteanu Pircalabioru G, Buleandra M, Nagoda E, Badea IA, Chifiriuc MC. Chemical and Biological Studies of Achillea setacea Herba Essential Oil-First Report on Some Antimicrobial and Antipathogenic Features. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020371. [PMID: 36830282 PMCID: PMC9952371 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential oil of Achillea setacea was isolated by hydrodistillation and characterized by GC-MS. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Achillea setacea essential oil was evaluated, as well as its biocompatibility (LDH and MTT methods). DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC methods were applied for antioxidant activity evaluation, while qualitative and quantitative assays (inhibition zone diameter, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum fungicidal concentration), NO release (by nitrite concentration determination), and microbial adhesion capacity to the inert substrate (the biofilm microtiter method) were used to investigate the antimicrobial potential. A total of 52 compounds were identified by GC-MS in A. setacea essential oil, representing 97.43% of the total area. The major constituents were borneol (32.97%), 1,8-cineole (14.94%), camphor (10.13%), artemisia ketone (4.70%), α-terpineol (3.23%), and γ-eudesmol (3.23%). With MICs ranging from 0.78 to 30 μg/mL, the A. setacea essential oil proved to inhibit the microbial adhesion and induce the NO release. To the best of our knowledge, the present study reports for the first time the antimicrobial activity of A. setacea EO against clinically and biotechnologically important microbial strains, such as Shigella flexneri, Listeria ivanovii, L. innocua, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus nigricans, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and Alternaria alternata, demonstrating its antimicrobial applications beyond the clinical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Cristina Marinas
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Research and Development Department of S.C. Sanimed International Impex SRL, Șos. București-Giurgiu (DN5), No. 6, 087040 Călugăreni, Romania
| | - Eliza Oprea
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Bucharest, 1-3 Portocalilor Way, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-723-250-470
| | - Diana Madalina Gaboreanu
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Bucharest, 1-3 Portocalilor Way, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3rd Ilfov Street, 051157 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Buleandra
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri Street, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eugenia Nagoda
- Garden “D. Brandza”, University of Bucharest, 32 Sos. Cotroceni, 060114 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irinel Adriana Badea
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri Street, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Research and Development Department of S.C. Sanimed International Impex SRL, Șos. București-Giurgiu (DN5), No. 6, 087040 Călugăreni, Romania
- The Romanian Academy, Biological Sciences Division, Calea Victoriei 125, 010071 Bucharest, Romania
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15
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Plasma-Generated Nitric Oxide Water Mediates Environmentally Transmitted Pathogenic Bacterial Inactivation via Intracellular Nitrosative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031901. [PMID: 36768225 PMCID: PMC9915551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Over time, the proportion of resistant bacteria will increase. This is a major concern. Therefore, effective and biocompatible therapeutic strategies against these bacteria are urgently needed. Non-thermal plasma has been exhaustively characterized for its antibacterial activity. This study aims to investigate the inactivation efficiency and mechanisms of plasma-generated nitric oxide water (PG-NOW) on pathogenic water, air, soil, and foodborne Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Using a colony-forming unit assay, we found that PG-NOW treatment effectively inhibited the growth of bacteria. Moreover, the intracellular nitric oxide (NO) accumulation was evaluated by 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DAF-FM DA) staining. The reduction of viable cells unambiguously indicates the anti-microbial effect of PG-NOW. The soxR and soxS genes are associated with nitrosative stress, and oxyR regulation corresponds to oxidative stress in bacterial cells. To support the nitrosative effect mediated by PG-NOW, we have further assessed the soxRS and oxyR gene expressions after treatment. Accordingly, soxRS expression was enhanced, whereas the oxyR expression was decreased following PG-NOW treatment. The disruption of cell morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. In conclusion, our findings furnish evidence of an initiation point for the further progress and development of PG-NOW-based antibacterial treatments.
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16
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Yadav S, Priya A, Borade DR, Agrawal-Rajput R. Macrophage subsets and their role: co-relation with colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor and clinical relevance. Immunol Res 2022; 71:130-152. [PMID: 36266603 PMCID: PMC9589538 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the first innate immune cells to reach the site of infection or injury. Diverse functions from the uptake of pathogen or antigen, its killing, and presentation, the release of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines, activation of adaptive immune cells, clearing off tissue debris, tissue repair, and maintenance of tissue homeostasis have been attributed to macrophages. Besides tissue-resident macrophages, the circulating macrophages are recruited to different tissues to get activated. These are highly plastic cells, showing a spectrum of phenotypes depending on the stimulus received from their immediate environment. The macrophage differentiation requires colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) or macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), colony-stimulating factor-2 (CSF-2), or granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and different stimuli activate them to different phenotypes. The richness of tissue macrophages is precisely controlled via the CSF-1 and CSF-1R axis. In this review, we have given an overview of macrophage origin via hematopoiesis/myelopoiesis, different phenotypes associated with macrophages, their clinical significance, and how they are altered in various diseases. We have specifically focused on the function of CSF-1/CSF-1R signaling in deciding macrophage fate and the outcome of aberrant CSF-1R signaling in relation to macrophage phenotype in different diseases. We further extend the review to briefly discuss the possible strategies to manipulate CSF-1R and its signaling with the recent updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Yadav
- Immunology Lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, 382426, Gujarat, India
| | - Astik Priya
- Immunology Lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, 382426, Gujarat, India
| | - Diksha R Borade
- Immunology Lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, 382426, Gujarat, India
| | - Reena Agrawal-Rajput
- Immunology Lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, 382426, Gujarat, India.
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Gundlach KA, Nawroth J, Kanso E, Nasrin F, Ruby EG, McFall-Ngai M. Ciliated epithelia are key elements in the recruitment of bacterial partners in the squid-vibrio symbiosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:974213. [PMID: 36340026 PMCID: PMC9632347 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.974213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes, harvests its luminous symbiont, Vibrio fischeri, from the surrounding seawater within hours of hatching. During embryogenesis, the host animal develops a nascent light organ with ciliated fields on each lateral surface. We hypothesized that these fields function to increase the efficiency of symbiont colonization of host tissues. Within minutes of hatching from the egg, the host’s ciliated fields shed copious amounts of mucus in a non-specific response to bacterial surface molecules, specifically peptidoglycan (PGN), from the bacterioplankton in the surrounding seawater. Experimental manipulation of the system provided evidence that nitric oxide in the mucus drives an increase in ciliary beat frequency (CBF), and exposure to even small numbers of V. fischeri cells for short periods resulted in an additional increase in CBF. These results indicate that the light-organ ciliated fields respond specifically, sensitively, and rapidly, to the presence of nonspecific PGN as well as symbiont cells in the ambient seawater. Notably, the study provides the first evidence that this induction of an increase in CBF occurs as part of a thus far undiscovered initial phase in colonization of the squid host by its symbiont, i.e., host recognition of V. fischeri cues in the environment within minutes. Using a biophysics-based mathematical analysis, we showed that this rapid induction of increased CBF, while accelerating bacterial advection, is unlikely to be signaled by V. fischeri cells interacting directly with the organ surface. These overall changes in CBF were shown to significantly impact the efficiency of V. fischeri colonization of the host organ. Further, once V. fischeri has fully colonized the host tissues, i.e., about 12–24 h after initial host-symbiont interactions, the symbionts drove an attenuation of mucus shedding from the ciliated fields, concomitant with an attenuation of the CBF. Taken together, these findings offer a window into the very first interactions of ciliated surfaces with their coevolved microbial partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina A. Gundlach
- Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Janna Nawroth
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eva Kanso
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Farzana Nasrin
- Department of Mathematics, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Edward G. Ruby
- Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Margaret McFall-Ngai
- Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- *Correspondence: Margaret McFall-Ngai,
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18
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Ruiz B, Sauviac L, Brouquisse R, Bruand C, Meilhoc E. Role of Nitric Oxide of Bacterial Origin in the Medicago truncatula-Sinorhizobium meliloti Symbiosis. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:887-892. [PMID: 35762680 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-22-0118-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small ubiquitous gaseous molecule that has been found in many host-pathogen interactions. NO has been shown to be part of the defense arsenal of animal cells and more recently of plant cells. To fight this molecular weapon, pathogens have evolved responses consisting of adaptation to NO or degradation of this toxic molecule. More recently, it was shown that NO could also be produced by the pathogen and contributes likewise to the success of the host cell infection. NO is also present during symbiotic interactions. Despite growing knowledge about the role of NO during friendly interactions, data on the specificity of action of NO produced by each partner are scarce, partly due to the multiplicity of NO production systems. In the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between the soil bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti and the model legume Medicago truncatula, NO has been detected at all steps of the interaction, where it displays various roles. Both partners contribute to NO production inside the legume root nodules where nitrogen fixation occurs. The study focuses on the role of bacterial NO in this interaction. We used a genetic approach to identify bacterial NO sources in the symbiotic context and to test the phenotype in planta of bacterial mutants affected in NO production. Our results show that only denitrification is a source of bacterial NO in Medicago nodules, giving insight into the role of bacteria-derived NO at different steps of the symbiotic interaction. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Ruiz
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, INSA, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Laurent Sauviac
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, INSA, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Renaud Brouquisse
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), INRAE, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, 06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Claude Bruand
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, INSA, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Eliane Meilhoc
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, INSA, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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19
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Sołtan M, Bartusik-Aebisher D, Aebisher D. The potential of oxygen and nitrogen species-regulating drug delivery systems in medicine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:973080. [PMID: 36110312 PMCID: PMC9468659 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.973080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of this review is to present most significant advances in biomaterials used for control of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS, RONS) in medicine. A summary of the main pathways of ROS production and the main pathways of RNS production are shown herein. Although the physiological and pathological roles of RONS have been known for at least 2decades, the potential of their control in management of disease went unappreciated. Recently, advances in the field of biochemical engineering and materials science have allowed for development of RONS-responsive biomaterials for biomedical applications, which aim to control and change levels of reactive species in tissue microenvironments. These materials utilize polymers, inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), or organic-inorganic hybrids. Thus, biomaterials like hydrogels have been developed to promote tissue regeneration by actively scavenging and reducing RONS levels. Their promising utility comes from thermo- and RONS-sensitivity, stability as a delivery-medium, ease for incorporation into other materials and facility for injection. Their particular attractiveness is attributed to drug release realized in targeted tissues and cells with elevated RONS levels, which leads to enhanced treatment outcomes and reduced adverse effects. The mechanism of their action depends on the functional groups employed and their response to oxidation, and may be based on solubility changes or cleavage of chemical bonds. When talking about antioxidants, one should also mention oxidative stress, which we call the imbalance between antioxidants and reactive oxygen species, which occurs due to a deficiency of endogenous antioxidants and a low supply of exogenous antioxidants. This study is a review of articles in English from the databases PubMed and Web of Science retrieved by applying the search terms “Oxygen Species, Nitrogen Species and biomaterials” from 1996 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Sołtan
- English Division Science Club, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
- *Correspondence: Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher, ; David Aebisher,
| | - David Aebisher
- English Division Science Club, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
- *Correspondence: Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher, ; David Aebisher,
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20
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Morita Y, Saito M, Rangel-Moreno J, Franchini AM, Owen JR, Martinez JC, Daiss JL, de Mesy Bentley KL, Kates SL, Schwarz EM, Muthukrishnan G. Systemic IL-27 administration prevents abscess formation and osteolysis via local neutrophil recruitment and activation. Bone Res 2022; 10:56. [PMID: 36028492 PMCID: PMC9418173 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-27 is a pleiotropic cytokine whose functions during bacterial infections remain controversial, and its role in patients with S. aureus osteomyelitis is unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we completed a clinical study and observed elevated serum IL-27 levels (20-fold higher, P < 0.05) in patients compared with healthy controls. Remarkably, IL-27 serum levels were 60-fold higher in patients immediately following septic death than in uninfected patients (P < 0.05), suggesting a pathogenic role of IL-27. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated S. aureus osteomyelitis in WT and IL-27Rα-/- mice with and without exogenous IL-27 induction by intramuscular injection of rAAV-IL-27p28 or rAAV-GFP, respectively. We found that IL-27 was induced at the surgical site within 1 day of S. aureus infection of bone and was expressed by M0, M1 and M2 macrophages and osteoblasts but not by osteoclasts. Unexpectedly, exogenous IL-27p28 (~2 ng·mL-1 in serum) delivery ameliorated soft tissue abscesses and peri-implant bone loss during infection, accompanied by enhanced local IL-27 expression, significant accumulation of RORγt+ neutrophils at the infection site, a decrease in RANK+ cells, and compromised osteoclast formation. These effects were not observed in IL-27Rα-/- mice compared with WT mice, suggesting that IL-27 is dispensable for immunity but mediates redundant immune and bone cell functions during infection. In vitro studies and bulk RNA-seq of infected tibiae showed that IL-27 increased nos1, nos2, il17a, il17f, and rorc expression but did not directly stimulate chemotaxis. Collectively, these results identify a novel phenomenon of IL-27 expression by osteoblasts immediately following S. aureus infection of bone and suggest a protective role of systemic IL-27 in osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Morita
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Motoo Saito
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Anthony M Franchini
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - John R Owen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - John C Martinez
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - John L Daiss
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Karen L de Mesy Bentley
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Stephen L Kates
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Edward M Schwarz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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21
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Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E. Nitric oxide signaling in health and disease. Cell 2022; 185:2853-2878. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Bacteria are continuously exposed to numerous endogenous and exogenous DNA-damaging agents. To maintain genome integrity and ensure cell survival, bacteria have evolved several DNA repair pathways to correct different types of DNA damage and non-canonical bases, including strand breaks, nucleotide modifications, cross-links, mismatches and ribonucleotide incorporations. Recent advances in genome-wide screens, the availability of thousands of whole-genome sequences and advances in structural biology have enabled the rapid discovery and characterization of novel bacterial DNA repair pathways and new enzymatic activities. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair, and we discuss several new repair processes including the EndoMS mismatch correction pathway and the MrfAB excision repair system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Wozniak
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lyle A Simmons
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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23
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Bioenergetics and Reactive Nitrogen Species in Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137321. [PMID: 35806323 PMCID: PMC9266656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) by the innate immune system is part of the host’s defense against invading pathogenic bacteria. In this review, we summarize recent studies on the molecular basis of the effects of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite on microbial respiration and energy conservation. We discuss possible molecular mechanisms underlying RNS resistance in bacteria mediated by unique respiratory oxygen reductases, the mycobacterial bcc-aa3 supercomplex, and bd-type cytochromes. A complete picture of the impact of RNS on microbial bioenergetics is not yet available. However, this research area is developing very rapidly, and the knowledge gained should help us develop new methods of treating infectious diseases.
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24
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Chen J, Byun H, She Q, Liu Z, Ruggeberg KG, Pu Q, Jung IJ, Zhu D, Brockett MR, Hsiao A, Zhu J. S-Nitrosylation of the virulence regulator AphB promotes Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010581. [PMID: 35714156 PMCID: PMC9246220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is the etiologic agent of the severe human diarrheal disease cholera. To colonize mammalian hosts, this pathogen must defend against host-derived toxic compounds, such as nitric oxide (NO) and NO-derived reactive nitrogen species (RNS). RNS can covalently add an NO group to a reactive cysteine thiol on target proteins, a process called protein S-nitrosylation, which may affect bacterial stress responses. To better understand how V. cholerae regulates nitrosative stress responses, we profiled V. cholerae protein S-nitrosylation during RNS exposure. We identified an S-nitrosylation of cysteine 235 of AphB, a LysR-family transcription regulator that activates the expression of tcpP, which activates downstream virulence genes. Previous studies show that AphB C235 is sensitive to O2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under microaerobic conditions, AphB formed dimer and directly repressed transcription of hmpA, encoding a flavohemoglobin that is important for NO resistance of V. cholerae. We found that tight regulation of hmpA by AphB under low nitrosative stress was important for V. cholerae optimal growth. In the presence of NO, S-nitrosylation of AphB abolished AphB activity, therefore relieved hmpA expression. Indeed, non-modifiable aphBC235S mutants were sensitive to RNS in vitro and drastically reduced colonization of the RNS-rich mouse small intestine. Finally, AphB S-nitrosylation also decreased virulence gene expression via debilitation of tcpP activation, and this regulation was also important for V. cholerae RNS resistance in vitro and in the gut. These results suggest that the modulation of the activity of virulence gene activator AphB via NO-dependent protein S-nitrosylation is critical for V. cholerae RNS resistance and colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hyuntae Byun
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Qianxuan She
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Karl-Gustav Ruggeberg
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Qinqin Pu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - I-Ji Jung
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dehao Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mary R. Brockett
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ansel Hsiao
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Defenses of multidrug resistant pathogens against reactive nitrogen species produced in infected hosts. Adv Microb Physiol 2022; 80:85-155. [PMID: 35489794 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens have sophisticated systems that allow them to survive in hosts in which innate immunity is the frontline of defense. One of the substances produced by infected hosts is nitric oxide (NO) that together with its derived species leads to the so-called nitrosative stress, which has antimicrobial properties. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on targets and protective systems that bacteria have to survive host-generated nitrosative stress. We focus on bacterial pathogens that pose serious health concerns due to the growing increase in resistance to currently available antimicrobials. We describe the role of nitrosative stress as a weapon for pathogen eradication, the detoxification enzymes, protein/DNA repair systems and metabolic strategies that contribute to limiting NO damage and ultimately allow survival of the pathogen in the host. Additionally, this systematization highlights the lack of available data for some of the most important human pathogens, a gap that urgently needs to be addressed.
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Spiers JG, Vassileff N, Hill AF. Neuroinflammatory Modulation of Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Cargo Loading. Neuromolecular Med 2022; 24:385-391. [PMID: 35181852 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-022-08704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests neuroinflammation is a highly coordinated response involving multiple cell types and utilising several different forms of cellular communication. In addition to the well documented cytokine and chemokine messengers, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key regulators of the inflammatory response. EVs act as vectors of intercellular communication, capable of travelling between different cells and tissues to deliver selectively packaged protein, miRNA, and lipids from the parent cell. During neuroinflammation, EVs transmit specific inflammatory mediators, particularly from microglia, to promote inflammatory resolution. This mini-review will highlight the novel neuroinflammatory mechanisms contributing to the biogenesis and selective packaging of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jereme G Spiers
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Natasha Vassileff
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
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Abstract
Rickettsia rickettsii, the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, is an enzootic, obligate, intracellular bacterial pathogen. Nitric oxide (NO) synthesized by the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) is a potent antimicrobial component of innate immunity and has been implicated in the control of virulent Rickettsia spp. in diverse cell types. In this study, we examined the antibacterial role of NO on R. rickettsii. Our results indicate that NO challenge dramatically reduces R. rickettsii adhesion through the disruption of bacterial energetics. Additionally, NO-treated R. rickettsii cells were unable to synthesize protein or replicate in permissive cells. Activated, NO-producing macrophages restricted R. rickettsii infections, but inhibition of iNOS ablated the inhibition of bacterial growth. These data indicate that NO is a potent antirickettsial effector of innate immunity that targets energy generation in these pathogenic bacteria to prevent growth and subversion of infected host cells.
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Modifying TIMER to generate a slow-folding DsRed derivative for optimal use in quickly-dividing bacteria. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009284. [PMID: 34214139 PMCID: PMC8291646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well appreciated that members of pathogenic bacterial populations exhibit heterogeneity in growth rates and metabolic activity, and it is known this can impact the ability to eliminate all members of the bacterial population during antibiotic treatment. It remains unclear which pathways promote slowed bacterial growth within host tissues, primarily because it has been difficult to identify and isolate slow growing bacteria from host tissues for downstream analyses. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a novel variant of TIMER, a slow-folding fluorescent protein, named DsRed42, to identify subsets of slowly dividing bacteria within host tissues. The original TIMER folds too slowly for fluorescence accumulation in quickly replicating bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis), however DsRed42 accumulates red fluorescence in late stationary phase cultures of E. coli and Y. pseudotuberculosis. We show DsRed42 signal also accumulates during exposure to sources of nitric oxide (NO), suggesting DsRed42 signal detects growth-arrested bacterial cells. In a mouse model of Y. pseudotuberculosis deep tissue infection, DsRed42 signal was detected, and primarily accumulates in bacteria expressing markers of stationary phase growth. There was no significant overlap between DsRed42 signal and NO-exposed subpopulations of bacteria within host tissues, suggesting NO stress was transient, allowing bacteria to recover from this stress and resume replication. This novel DsRed42 variant represents a tool that will enable additional studies of slow-growing subpopulations of bacteria, specifically within bacterial species that quickly divide. We have generated a variant of TIMER that can be used to mark slow-growing subsets of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, which has a relatively short division time, similar to E. coli. We used a combination of site-directed and random mutagenesis to generate DsRed42, which has red fluorescent signal accumulation in post-exponential or stationary phase cells. Since this variant accumulates only red fluorescence, it is no longer a TIMER protein, and is more appropriately termed DsRed42. We found that nitric oxide (NO) stress is sufficient to promote DsRed42 signal accumulation in culture, however within host tissues, DsRed42 signal correlates with a stationary phase reporter (dps). These results suggest NO may cause an immediate arrest in bacterial cell division, but during growth in host tissues exposure to NO is transient, allowing bacteria to recover from this stress and resume cell division. Thus instead of indicating a response to host stressors, DsRed42 signal accumulation within host tissues appears to identify slow-growing cells that are experiencing nutrient limitation.
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Buglino JA, Sankhe GD, Lazar N, Bean JM, Glickman MS. Integrated sensing of host stresses by inhibition of a cytoplasmic two-component system controls M. tuberculosis acute lung infection. eLife 2021; 10:e65351. [PMID: 34003742 PMCID: PMC8131098 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens that infect phagocytic cells must deploy mechanisms that sense and neutralize host microbicidal effectors. For Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, these mechanisms allow the bacterium to rapidly adapt from aerosol transmission to initial growth in the lung alveolar macrophage. Here, we identify a branched signaling circuit in M. tuberculosis that controls growth in the lung through integrated direct sensing of copper ions and nitric oxide by coupled activity of the Rip1 intramembrane protease and the PdtaS/R two-component system. This circuit uses a two-signal mechanism to inactivate the PdtaS/PdtaR two-component system, which constitutively represses virulence gene expression. Cu and NO inhibit the PdtaS sensor kinase through a dicysteine motif in the N-terminal GAF domain. The NO arm of the pathway is further controlled by sequestration of the PdtaR RNA binding response regulator by an NO-induced small RNA, controlled by the Rip1 intramembrane protease. This coupled Rip1/PdtaS/PdtaR circuit controls NO resistance and acute lung infection in mice by relieving PdtaS/R-mediated repression of isonitrile chalkophore biosynthesis. These studies identify an integrated mechanism by which M. tuberculosis senses and resists macrophage chemical effectors to achieve pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Buglino
- Immunology Program Sloan Kettering InstituteNew York CityUnited States
| | - Gaurav D Sankhe
- Immunology Program Sloan Kettering InstituteNew York CityUnited States
| | - Nathaniel Lazar
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate SchoolNew York CityUnited States
| | - James M Bean
- Immunology Program Sloan Kettering InstituteNew York CityUnited States
| | - Michael S Glickman
- Immunology Program Sloan Kettering InstituteNew York CityUnited States
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate SchoolNew York CityUnited States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York CityUnited States
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Porrini C, Ramarao N, Tran SL. Dr. NO and Mr. Toxic - the versatile role of nitric oxide. Biol Chem 2021; 401:547-572. [PMID: 31811798 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is present in various organisms from humans, to plants, fungus and bacteria. NO is a fundamental signaling molecule implicated in major cellular functions. The role of NO ranges from an essential molecule to a potent mediator of cellular damages. The ability of NO to react with a broad range of biomolecules allows on one hand its regulation and a gradient concentration and on the other hand to exert physiological as well as pathological functions. In humans, NO is implicated in cardiovascular homeostasis, neurotransmission and immunity. However, NO can also contribute to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) or septic shock. For certain denitrifying bacteria, NO is part of their metabolism as a required intermediate of the nitrogen cycle. However, for other bacteria, NO is toxic and harmful. To survive, those bacteria have developed processes to resist this toxic effect and persist inside their host. NO also contributes to maintain the host/microbiota homeostasis. But little is known about the impact of NO produced during prolonged inflammation on microbiota integrity, and some pathogenic bacteria take advantage of the NO response to colonize the gut over the microbiota. Taken together, depending on the environmental context (prolonged production, gradient concentration, presence of partners for interaction, presence of oxygen, etc.), NO will exert its beneficial or detrimental function. In this review, we highlight the dual role of NO for humans, pathogenic bacteria and microbiota, and the mechanisms used by each organism to produce, use or resist NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Porrini
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nalini Ramarao
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Seav-Ly Tran
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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31
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Rhizobia: highways to NO. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:495-505. [PMID: 33544133 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between rhizobia and their legume host plants conduces to the formation of specialized root organs called nodules where rhizobia differentiate into bacteroids which fix atmospheric nitrogen to the benefit of the plant. This beneficial symbiosis is of importance in the context of sustainable agriculture as legumes do not require the addition of nitrogen fertilizer to grow. Interestingly, nitric oxide (NO) has been detected at various steps of the rhizobium-legume symbiosis where it has been shown to play multifaceted roles. Both bacterial and plant partners are involved in NO synthesis in nodules. To better understand the role of NO, and in particular the role of bacterial NO, at all steps of rhizobia-legumes interaction, the enzymatic sources of NO have to be elucidated. In this review, we discuss different enzymatic reactions by which rhizobia may potentially produce NO. We argue that there is most probably no NO synthase activity in rhizobia, and that instead the NO2- reductase nirK, which is part of the denitrification pathway, is the main bacterial source of NO. The nitrate assimilation pathway might contribute to NO production but only when denitrification is active. The different approaches to measure NO in rhizobia are also addressed.
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Leite-Almeida L, Morato M, Cosme D, Afonso J, Areias JC, Guerra A, Caldas Afonso A, Albino-Teixeira A, Sousa T, Correia-Costa L. Impact of physical activity on redox status and nitric oxide bioavailability in nonoverweight and overweight/obese prepubertal children. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:116-124. [PMID: 33309779 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional status might contribute to variations induced by physical activity (PA) in redox status biomarkers. We investigated the influence of PA on redox status and nitric oxide (NO) production/metabolism biomarkers in nonoverweight and overweight/obese prepubertal children. We performed a cross-sectional evaluation of 313 children aged 8-9 years (163 nonoverweight, 150 overweight/obese) followed since birth in a cohort study (Generation XXI, Porto, Portugal). Plasma total antioxidant status (P-TAS), plasma and urinary isoprostanes (P-Isop, U-Isop), urinary hydrogen peroxide (U-H2O2), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and plasma and urinary nitrates and nitrites (P-NOx, U-NOx) were assessed, as well as their association with variables of reported PA quantification (categories of PA frequency (>1x/week and ≤1x/week)and continuous PA index (obtained by the sum of points)) in a questionnaire with increasing ranks from sedentary to vigorous activity levels. U-NOx was significantly higher in children who presented higher PA index scores and higher PA frequency. Separately by BMI classes, U-NOx was significantly higher only in nonoverweight children who practiced PA more frequently (p = 0.037). In overweight/obese children, but not in nonoverweight, P-TAS was higher among children with higher PA frequency (p = 0.007). Homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR) was significantly lower in more active overweight/obese children, but no differences were observed in nonoverweight children. In the fully adjusted multivariate linear regression models for P-TAS, in the overweight/obese group, children with higher PA frequency presented higher P-TAS. In the U-NOx models, U-NOx significantly increased with PA index, only in nonoverweight children. Our results provide additional evidence in support of a protective effect of physical activity, in nonoverweight by increasing NO bioavailability and in overweight/obese children by enhancing systemic antioxidant capacity and insulin sensitivity. These results highlight the importance of engaging in regular physical exercise, particularly among overweight/obese children, in which a positive association between oxidant status and cardiometabolic risk markers has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Leite-Almeida
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Morato
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences & LAQV@REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy of Porto, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Dina Cosme
- Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Afonso
- Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José C Areias
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Portugal; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Integrated Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Guerra
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Portugal; Division of Pediatric Nutrition, Integrated Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto Caldas Afonso
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Centro Materno-Infantil Do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liane Correia-Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Centro Materno-Infantil Do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Liu J, Yin F, Liu T, Li S, Tan C, Li L, Zhou R, Huang Q. The Tat system and its dependent cell division proteins are critical for virulence of extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli. Virulence 2020; 11:1279-1292. [PMID: 32962530 PMCID: PMC7549933 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1817709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system is involved in a variety of important bacterial physiological processes. Conserved among bacteria and crucial for virulence, the Tat system is deemed as a promising anti-microbial drug target. However, the mechanism of how the Tat system functions in bacterial pathogenesis has not been fully understood. In this study, we showed that the Tat system was critical for the virulence of an extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strain PCN033. A total of 20 Tat-related mutant strains were constructed, and competitive infection assays were performed to evaluate the relative virulence of these mutants. The results demonstrated that several Tat substrate mutants, including the ΔsufI, ΔamiAΔamiC double mutant as well as each single mutant, ΔyahJ, ΔcueO, and ΔnapG, were significantly outcompeted by the WT strain, among which the ΔsufI and ΔamiAΔamiC strains showed the lowest competitive index (CI) value. Results of individual mouse infection assay, in vitro cell adhesion assay, whole blood bactericidal assay, and serum bactericidal assay further confirmed the virulence attenuation phenotype of the ΔsufI and ΔamiAΔamiC strains. Moreover, the two mutants displayed chained morphology in the log phase resembling the Δtat and were defective in stress response. Our results suggest that the Tat system and its dependent cell division proteins SufI, AmiA, and AmiC play critical roles during ExPEC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Te Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Wuhan, China
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Akanji MA, Adeyanju AA, Rotimi D, Adeyemi OS. Nitric Oxide Balance in Health and Diseases: Implications for New Treatment Strategies. Open Biochem J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874091x02014010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) is an essential signaling molecule with diverse physiological functions in humans. The steady-state concentration and site of production of nitric oxide determine its effects in biological systems. The human cells are exposed to both beneficial and harmful effects of NO. These dual effects of NO could depend on its local concentration in the cells. Additionally, the rate of synthesis, translocation, direct interaction with other molecules, and signals contribute to the biochemical and physiological effects of NO. In this review, the biochemical and physiological role of NO, particularly in health and disease as touching on cell signaling, oxidative stress, immunity, as well as cardiovascular protection amongst others, is focused on. Therefore, this review objectively discusses the dual functionality of NO in living cells.
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Jones-Carson J, Yahashiri A, Kim JS, Liu L, Fitzsimmons LF, Weiss DS, Vázquez-Torres A. Nitric oxide disrupts bacterial cytokinesis by poisoning purine metabolism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz0260. [PMID: 32133408 PMCID: PMC7043908 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytostasis is the most salient manifestation of the potent antimicrobial activity of nitric oxide (NO), yet the mechanism by which NO disrupts bacterial cell division is unknown. Here, we show that in respiring Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Bacillus subtilis, NO arrests the first step in division, namely, the GTP-dependent assembly of the bacterial tubulin homolog FtsZ into a cytokinetic ring. FtsZ assembly fails in respiring cells because NO inactivates inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase in de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis and quinol oxidases in the electron transport chain, leading to drastic depletion of nucleoside triphosphates, including the GTP needed for the polymerization of FtsZ. Despite inhibiting respiration and dissipating proton motive force, NO does not destroy Z ring formation and only modestly decreases nucleoside triphosphates in glycolytic cells, which obtain much of their ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation and overexpress inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase. Purine metabolism dictates the susceptibility of early morphogenic steps in cytokinesis to NO toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Jones-Carson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Atsushi Yahashiri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ju-Sim Kim
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Liam F. Fitzsimmons
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David S. Weiss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Andrés Vázquez-Torres
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Veterans Administration Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, USA
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36
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Manipulating resident microbiota to enhance regulatory immune function to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:4-14. [PMID: 31482438 PMCID: PMC6942586 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-019-01618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Altered intestinal microbial composition (dysbiosis) and metabolic products activate aggressive mucosal immune responses that mediate inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This dysbiosis impairs the function of regulatory immune cells, which normally promote mucosal homeostasis. Normalizing and maintaining regulatory immune cell function by correcting dysbiosis provides a promising approach to treat IBD patients. However, existing microbe-targeted therapies, including antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbial transplantation, provide variable outcomes that are not optimal for current clinical application. This review discusses recent progress in understanding the dysbiosis of IBD and the basis for therapeutic restoration of homeostatic immune function by manipulating an individual patient's microbiota composition and function. We believe that identifying more precise therapeutic targets and developing appropriate rapid diagnostic tools will guide more effective and safer microbe-based induction and maintenance treatments for IBD patients that can be applied in a personalized manner.
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Stallings CL, Glickman MS. Editorial overview: Attrition warfare: host cell weapons against intracellular pathogens, and how the pathogens fight back. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 60:vi-ix. [PMID: 31471114 PMCID: PMC7383339 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Stallings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Michael S Glickman
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, United States; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School, United States.
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