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Kessler A, Mueller MB. Induced resistance to herbivory and the intelligent plant. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2345985. [PMID: 38687704 PMCID: PMC11062368 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2345985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Plant induced responses to environmental stressors are increasingly studied in a behavioral ecology context. This is particularly true for plant induced responses to herbivory that mediate direct and indirect defenses, and tolerance. These seemingly adaptive alterations of plant defense phenotypes in the context of other environmental conditions have led to the discussion of such responses as intelligent behavior. Here we consider the concept of plant intelligence and some of its predictions for chemical information transfer in plant interaction with other organisms. Within this framework, the flow, perception, integration, and storage of environmental information are considered tunable dials that allow plants to respond adaptively to attacking herbivores while integrating past experiences and environmental cues that are predictive of future conditions. The predictive value of environmental information and the costs of acting on false information are important drivers of the evolution of plant responses to herbivory. We identify integrative priming of defense responses as a mechanism that allows plants to mitigate potential costs associated with acting on false information. The priming mechanisms provide short- and long-term memory that facilitates the integration of environmental cues without imposing significant costs. Finally, we discuss the ecological and evolutionary prediction of the plant intelligence hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Kessler
- Cornell University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michael B. Mueller
- Cornell University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
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2
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Martín-Cacheda L, Röder G, Abdala-Roberts L, Moreira X. Test of Specificity in Signalling between Potato Plants in Response to Infection by Fusarium Solani and Phytophthora Infestans. J Chem Ecol 2024:10.1007/s10886-024-01521-x. [PMID: 38904862 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Plant-plant signalling via volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in response to insect herbivory has been widely studied, but its occurrence and specificity in response to pathogen attack has received much less attention. To fill this gap, we carried out a greenhouse experiment using two fungal pathogens (Fusarium solani and Phytophthora infestans) to test for specificity in VOC induction and signalling between potato plants (Solanum tuberosum). We paired potato plants in plastic cages, one acting as VOC emitter and the other as receiver, and subjected emitters to one of the following treatments: no infection (control), infected by F. solani, or infected by P. infestans. We measured total emission and composition of VOCs released by emitter plants to test for pathogen-specificity in VOC induction, and then conducted a pathogen infection bioassay to assess resistance levels on receiver plants by subjecting half of the receivers of each emitter treatment to F. solani infection and the other half to P. infestans infection. This allowed us to test for specificity in plant VOC signalling by comparing its effects on conspecific and heterospecific sequential infections. Results showed that infection by neither F. solani or P. infestans produced quantitative (total emissions) or qualitative (compositional) changes in VOC emissions. Mirroring these patterns, emitter infection treatment (control vs. pathogen infection) did not produce a significant change in pathogen infection levels on receiver plants in any case (i.e., either for conspecific or heterospecific sequential infections), indicating a lack of signalling effects which precluded pathogen-based specificity in signalling. We discuss possible mechanisms for lack of pathogen effects on VOC emissions and call for future work testing for pathogen specificity in plant-plant signalling and its implications for plant-pathogen interactions under ecologically relevant scenarios involving infections by multiple pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Martín-Cacheda
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de correos 28, Pontevedra, Galicia, 36080, Spain.
| | - Gregory Röder
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Luis Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116,, Yucatán, Itzimná, 97000. Mérida, México
| | - Xoaquín Moreira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de correos 28, Pontevedra, Galicia, 36080, Spain.
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3
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Piesik D, Miler N, Lemańczyk G, Tymoszuk A, Lisiecki K, Bocianowski J, Krawczyk K, Mayhew CA. Induction of volatile organic compounds in chrysanthemum plants following infection by Rhizoctonia solani. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302541. [PMID: 38696430 PMCID: PMC11065281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn infestation on the volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and biochemical composition of ten cultivars of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium /Ramat./ Hemsl.) to bring new insights for future disease management strategies and the development of resistant chrysanthemum cultivars. The chrysanthemum plants were propagated vegetatively and cultivated in a greenhouse under semi-controlled conditions. VOCs emitted by the plants were collected using a specialized system and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Biochemical analyses of the leaves were performed, including the extraction and quantification of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. The emission of VOCs varied among the cultivars, with some cultivars producing a wider range of VOCs compared to others. The analysis of the VOC emissions from control plants revealed differences in both their quality and quantity among the tested cultivars. R. solani infection influenced the VOC emissions, with different cultivars exhibiting varying responses to the infection. Statistical analyses confirmed the significant effects of cultivar, collection time, and their interaction on the VOCs. Correlation analyses revealed positive relationships between certain pairs of VOCs. The results show significant differences in the biochemical composition among the cultivars, with variations in chlorophyll, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds content. Interestingly, R. solani soil and leaf infestation decreased the content of carotenoids in chrysanthemums. Plants subjected to soil infestation were characterized with the highest content of phenolics. This study unveils alterations in the volatile and biochemical responses of chrysanthemum plants to R. solani infestation, which can contribute to the development of strategies for disease management and the improvement of chrysanthemum cultivars with enhanced resistance to R. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Piesik
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Natalia Miler
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Horticulture, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Lemańczyk
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alicja Tymoszuk
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Horticulture, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karol Lisiecki
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jan Bocianowski
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Krawczyk
- Department of Virology and Bacteriology, Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland
| | - Chris A. Mayhew
- Institute for Breath Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain, Innsbruck, Austria
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Thompson MN, Arriaga J, Bradford BJ, Kurian R, Strozier G, Helms AM. Belowground insect herbivory induces systemic volatile emissions that strengthen neighbouring plant resistance aboveground. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:714-725. [PMID: 37961782 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants transmit ecologically relevant messages to neighbouring plants through chemical cues. For instance, insect herbivory triggers the production of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), which can enhance neighbouring plant defences. HIPVs are emitted from directly damaged plant tissues and from systemic, nondamaged tissues. Although volatile-mediated interplant interactions have been observed both above- and belowground, it remains unknown whether belowground herbivory induces systemic HIPVs aboveground that influence neighbouring plants. To explore how belowground herbivory affects interplant interactions aboveground, we characterised systemic HIPVs from squash induced by belowground striped cucumber beetle (Acalymma vittatum) larval herbivory. We exposed squash 'receiver plants' to systemic HIPVs or volatiles from nondamaged plants. We then measured herbivore resistance by challenging 'receiver plants' with aboveground-feeding herbivores: adult beetles (A. vittatum) or squash bugs (Anasa tristis). We discovered belowground-damaged plants emitted more (E)-β-ocimene, a key volatile from the systemic HIPV blend, than nondamaged controls, and that exposure to systemic HIPVs enhanced neighbouring plant resistance to aboveground squash bugs, but not adult beetles. Further investigations into the mechanism of interplant interaction revealed β-ocimene alone can elicit plant resistance against squash bugs. Overall, our findings reveal a novel form of volatile-mediated interactions between plants spanning across aboveground-belowground plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan N Thompson
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jayda Arriaga
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Interdisciplinary Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - B Jack Bradford
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rachel Kurian
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Gage Strozier
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Anjel M Helms
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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5
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Martín-Cacheda L, Vázquez-González C, Rasmann S, Röder G, Abdala-Roberts L, Moreira X. Volatile-Mediated Signalling Between Potato Plants in Response to Insect Herbivory is not Contingent on Soil Nutrients. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:507-517. [PMID: 37460650 PMCID: PMC10725352 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01445-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant-plant signalling via volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been studied intensively, but its contingency on abiotic conditions (e.g., soil nutrients, drought, warming) is poorly understood. To address this gap, we carried out a greenhouse experiment testing whether soil nutrients influenced signalling between potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants in response to insect leaf herbivory by the generalist caterpillar Spodoptera exigua. We placed pairs of plants in plastic cages, where one plant acted as a VOC emitter and the other as a receiver. We factorially manipulated soil nutrients for both emitter and receiver plants, namely: unfertilized (baseline soil nutrients) vs. fertilized (augmented nutrients). Then, to test for signalling effects, half of the emitters within each fertilization level were damaged by S. exigua larvae and the other half remained undamaged. Three days after placing larvae, we collected VOCs from emitter plants to test for herbivory and fertilization effects on VOC emissions and placed S. exigua larvae on receivers to test for signalling effects on leaf consumption and larval mass gain as proxies of induced resistance. We found that herbivory increased total VOC emissions and altered VOC composition by emitter plants, but these effects were not contingent on fertilization. In addition, bioassay results showed that receivers exposed to VOCs from herbivore-damaged emitters had lower levels of herbivory compared to receivers exposed to undamaged emitters. However, and consistent with VOC results, fertilization did not influence herbivore-induced signalling effects on receiver resistance to herbivory. In sum, we found evidence of S. exigua-induced signalling effects on resistance to herbivory in potato plants but such effects were not affected by increased soil nutrients. These results call for further work testing signalling effects under broader range of nutrient concentration levels (including nutrient limitation), teasing apart the effects of specific nutrients, and incorporating other abiotic factors likely to interact or covary with soil nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Martín-Cacheda
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de correos 28, Pontevedra, Galicia, 36080, Spain.
| | - Carla Vázquez-González
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de correos 28, Pontevedra, Galicia, 36080, Spain
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Röder
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Luis Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná, Mérida, Yucatán, 97000, México
| | - Xoaquín Moreira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de correos 28, Pontevedra, Galicia, 36080, Spain.
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Briones-May Y, Quijano-Medina T, Pérez-Niño B, Benrey B, Turlings TCJ, Bustos-Segura C, Abdala-Roberts L. Soil salinization disrupts plant-plant signaling effects on extra-floral nectar induction in wild cotton. Oecologia 2023:10.1007/s00442-023-05395-w. [PMID: 37278768 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant-plant interactions via volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have received much attention, but how abiotic stresses affect these interactions is poorly understood. We tested the effect of VOCs exposure from damaged conspecifics on the production of extra-floral nectar (EFN) in wild cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum), a coastal species in northern Yucatan (Mexico), and whether soil salinization affected these responses. We placed plants in mesh cages, and within each cage assigned plants as emitters or receivers. We exposed emitters to either ambient or augmented soil salinity to simulate a salinity shock, and within each group subjected half of the emitters to no damage or artificial leaf damage with caterpillar regurgitant. Damage increased the emission of sesquiterpenes and aromatic compounds under ambient but not under augmented salinity. Correspondingly, exposure to VOCs from damaged emitters had effect on receiver EFN induction, but this effect was contingent on salinization. Receivers produced more EFN in response to damage after being exposed to VOCs from damaged emitters when the latter were grown under ambient salinity, but not when they were subjected to salinization. These results suggest complex effects of abiotic factors on VOC-mediated plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyson Briones-May
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Teresa Quijano-Medina
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Biiniza Pérez-Niño
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Betty Benrey
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ted C J Turlings
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Bustos-Segura
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Luis Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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Poelman EH, Bourne ME, Croijmans L, Cuny MAC, Delamore Z, Joachim G, Kalisvaart SN, Kamps BBJ, Longuemare M, Suijkerbuijk HAC, Zhang NX. Bringing Fundamental Insights of Induced Resistance to Agricultural Management of Herbivore Pests. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:218-229. [PMID: 37138167 PMCID: PMC10495479 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In response to herbivory, most plant species adjust their chemical and morphological phenotype to acquire induced resistance to the attacking herbivore. Induced resistance may be an optimal defence strategy that allows plants to reduce metabolic costs of resistance in the absence of herbivores, allocate resistance to the most valuable plant tissues and tailor its response to the pattern of attack by multiple herbivore species. Moreover, plasticity in resistance decreases the potential that herbivores adapt to specific plant resistance traits and need to deal with a moving target of variable plant quality. Induced resistance additionally allows plants to provide information to other community members to attract natural enemies of its herbivore attacker or inform related neighbouring plants of pending herbivore attack. Despite the clear evolutionary benefits of induced resistance in plants, crop protection strategies to herbivore pests have not exploited the full potential of induced resistance for agriculture. Here, we present evidence that induced resistance offers strong potential to enhance resistance and resilience of crops to (multi-) herbivore attack. Specifically, induced resistance promotes plant plasticity to cope with multiple herbivore species by plasticity in growth and resistance, maximizes biological control by attracting natural enemies and, enhances associational resistance of the plant stand in favour of yield. Induced resistance may be further harnessed by soil quality, microbial communities and associational resistance offered by crop mixtures. In the transition to more sustainable ecology-based cropping systems that have strongly reduced pesticide and fertilizer input, induced resistance may prove to be an invaluable trait in breeding for crop resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik H Poelman
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Mitchel E Bourne
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Luuk Croijmans
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maximilien A C Cuny
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zoë Delamore
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Joachim
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah N Kalisvaart
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bram B J Kamps
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maxence Longuemare
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke A C Suijkerbuijk
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nina Xiaoning Zhang
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Estarague A, Violle C, Vile D, Hany A, Martino T, Moulin P, Vasseur F. Plant–herbivore interactions: Experimental demonstration of genetic variability in plant–plant signalling. Evol Appl 2023; 16:772-780. [PMID: 37124083 PMCID: PMC10130558 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-herbivore interactions mediated by plant-plant signalling have been documented in different species but its within-species variability has hardly been quantified. Here, we tested if herbivore foraging activity on plants was influenced by a prior contact with a damaged plant and if the effect of such plant-plant signalling was variable across 113 natural genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana. We filmed the activity of the generalist herbivore Cornu aspersum during 1 h on two plants differing only in a prior contact with a damaged plant or not. We recorded each snails' first choice, and measured its first duration on a plant, the proportion of time spent on both plants and leaf consumption. Overall, plant-plant signalling modified the foraging activity of herbivores in A. thaliana. On average, snails spent more time and consumed more of plants that experienced a prior contact with a damaged plant. However, the effects of plant-plant signalling on snail behaviour was variable: depending on genotype identity, plant-plant signalling made undamaged plants more repellant or attractive to snails. Genome-wide associations revealed that genes related to stress coping ability and jasmonate pathway were associated to this variation. Together, our findings highlight the adaptive significance of plant-plant signalling for plant-herbivore interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Estarague
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRDMontpellierFrance
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut AgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRDMontpellierFrance
| | - Denis Vile
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut AgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Anaïs Hany
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRDMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Pierre Moulin
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRDMontpellierFrance
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9
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Cascone P, Vuts J, Birkett MA, Dewhirst S, Rasmann S, Pickett JA, Guerrieri E. L-DOPA functions as a plant pheromone for belowground anti-herbivory communication. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:460-469. [PMID: 36708055 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
While mechanisms of plant-plant communication for alerting neighbouring plants of an imminent insect herbivore attack have been described aboveground via the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), we are yet to decipher the specific components of plant-plant signalling belowground. Using bioassay-guided fractionation, we isolated and identified the non-protein amino acid l-DOPA, released from roots of Acyrtosiphon pisum aphid-infested Vicia faba plants, as an active compound in triggering the production of VOCs released aboveground in uninfested plants. In behavioural assays, we show that after contact with l-DOPA, healthy plants become highly attractive to the aphid parasitoid (Aphidius ervi), as if they were infested by aphids. We conclude that l-DOPA, originally described as a brain neurotransmitter precursor, can also enhance immunity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Cascone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Jozsef Vuts
- Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Michael A Birkett
- Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | | | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | | | - Emilio Guerrieri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Torino, Italy
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10
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Martín-Cacheda L, Vázquez-González C, Rasmann S, Röder G, Abdala-Roberts L, Moreira X. Plant genetic relatedness and volatile-mediated signalling between Solanum tuberosum plants in response to herbivory by Spodoptera exigua. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 206:113561. [PMID: 36513136 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that plant-plant signalling via herbivore-induced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) should be stronger between closely related than unrelated plants. However, empirical tests remain limited and few studies have provided detailed assessments of induced changes in VOCs emissions across plant genotypes to explain genetic relatedness effects. In this study, we tested whether airborne signalling in response to herbivory between Solanum tuberosum (potato) plants was contingent on plant genetic relatedness, and further investigated genotypic variation in VOCs potentially underlying signalling and its contingency on relatedness. We carried out a greenhouse experiment using 15 S. tuberosum varieties placing pairs of plants in plastic cages, i.e. an emitter and a receiver, where both plants were of the same genotype or different genotype thereby testing for self-recognition, an elemental form genetic relatedness effects. Then, for half of the cages within each level of relatedness the emitter plant was damaged by Spodoptera exigua larvae whereas for the other half the emitter was not damaged. Three days later, we placed S. exigua larvae on receivers to test for emitter VOC effects on leaf consumption and larval weight gain (i.e. induced resistance). In addition, we used a second group of plants subjected to the same induction treatment with the same S. tuberosum varieties to test for herbivore-induced changes in VOC emissions and variation in VOC emissions among these plant genotypes. We found that herbivory drove changes in VOC composition but not total emissions, and also observed quantitative and qualitative variation in constitutive and induced VOC emissions among varieties. Results from the bioassay showed that the amount of leaf area consumed and larval weight gain on receiver plants exposed to damaged emitters were significantly lower compared to mean values on receivers exposed to control emitters. However, and despite genotypic variation in induced VOCs, this signalling effect was not contingent on plant genetic relatedness. These findings provide evidence of VOCs-mediated signalling between S. tuberosum plants in response to S. exigua damage, but no evidence of self-recognition effects in signalling contingent on variation in VOC emissions among S. tuberosum varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Martín-Cacheda
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de correos 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Carla Vázquez-González
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de correos 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Irvine, 92697 Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Röder
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Luis Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná. 97000. Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Xoaquín Moreira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de correos 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain.
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11
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Vázquez-González C, Quiroga V, Martín-Cacheda L, Rasmann S, Röder G, Abdala-Roberts L, Moreira X. Effect of herbivore load on VOC-mediated plant communication in potato. PLANTA 2023; 257:42. [PMID: 36683092 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
VOC emissions increased with herbivore load, but this did not result in concomitant increases in resistance in neighbouring plants, suggesting that communication occurred independently of herbivore load in emitter plants. Herbivore-damaged plants emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can alert neighbours and boost their resistance. While VOC-mediated plant communication has been shown to be herbivore-specific, we know little about its contingency on variation in herbivore load. To address this knowledge gap, we tested herbivore load effects on VOC-mediated communication between potato plants (Solanum tuberosum) using the generalist herbivore Spodoptera exigua. First, we tested whether herbivore load (three levels: undamaged control, low, and high load) affected total VOC emissions and composition. Second, we matched emitter and receiver plants and subjected emitters to the same herbivore load treatments. Finally, we performed a bioassay with S. exigua on receivers to test for induced resistance due to VOC-mediated communication. We found that herbivory significantly increased total VOC emissions relative to control plants, and that such increase was greater under high herbivore load. In contrast, we found no detectable effect of herbivory, regardless of the load, on VOC composition. The communication experiment showed that VOCs released by herbivore-induced emitters boosted resistance in receivers (i.e., lower leaf damage than receivers exposed to VOCs released by control emitters), but the magnitude of such effect was similar for both levels of emitter herbivore load. These findings suggest that changes in VOCs due to variation in herbivore load do not modify the outcomes of plant communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Vázquez-González
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de Correos 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Violeta Quiroga
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de Correos 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain
| | - Lucía Martín-Cacheda
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de Correos 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Röder
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Luis Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Xoaquín Moreira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de Correos 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain
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12
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Takabayashi J. Herbivory-Induced Plant Volatiles Mediate Multitrophic Relationships in Ecosystems. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1344-1355. [PMID: 35866611 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herbivory-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are involved in biotic interactions among plants as well as herbivorous and carnivorous arthropods. This review looks at the specificity in plant-carnivore communication mediated by specific blends of HIPVs as well as describes plant-herbivore and plant-plant communication mediated by specific HIPVs. Factors affecting the net benefits of HIPV production have also been examined. These specific means of communication results in high complexity in the 'interaction-information network', which should be explored further to elucidate the mechanism underlying the numerous species coexisting in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Takabayashi
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 2-509-3, Hirano, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113 Japan
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13
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Piesik D, Bocianowski J, Kotwica K, Lemańczyk G, Piesik M, Ruzsanyi V, Mayhew CA. Responses of Adult Hypera rumicis L. to Synthetic Plant Volatile Blends. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196290. [PMID: 36234827 PMCID: PMC9572268 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavioral responses of Hypera rumicis L. adults to varying blends of synthetic plant volatiles (SPVs) at various concentrations in lieu of single compounds are reported for the first time. For this study, Rumex confertus plants were treated with two blends of SPVs at different quantities that act as either attractants or repellents to insects. Blend 1 (B1) consisted of five green leaf volatiles (GLVs), namely (Z)-3-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol, (E)-2-hexenol, and (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate. Blend 2 (B2) contained six plant volatiles, namely (Z)-ocimene, linalool, benzyl acetate, methyl salicylate, β-caryophyllene, and (E)-β-farnesene. Each blend was made available in four different amounts of volatiles, corresponding to each compound being added to 50 µL of hexane in amounts of 1, 5, 25 and 125 ng. The effects of the two blends at the different concentrations on the insects were evaluated using a Y-tube olfactometer. Both sexes of the insects were found to be significantly repelled by the highest volatile levels of B1 and by two levels of B2 (25 and 125 ng). Females were also observed to be repelled using B2 with 5 ng of each volatile. Attraction was observed for both sexes only for B1 at the three lower volatile levels (1, 5 and 25 ng). In additional experiments, using only attractants, unmated females were found to be attracted to males, whereas mated females were only attracted to B1. Both unmated and mated males (previously observed in copula) were attracted only to females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Piesik
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 7 Prof. Kaliskiego Ave., 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Jan Bocianowski
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 28 Wojska Polskiego, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Karol Kotwica
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 7 Prof. Kaliskiego Ave., 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Lemańczyk
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 7 Prof. Kaliskiego Ave., 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Piesik
- Oncology Center of F. Łukaszczyk in Bydgoszcz, 2 I. Romanowskiej St., 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Veronika Ruzsanyi
- Institute for Breath Research, University of Innsbruck and Tiroler Krebsforschungsinstitut (TKFI), Innrain 66, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Chris A. Mayhew
- Institute for Breath Research, University of Innsbruck and Tiroler Krebsforschungsinstitut (TKFI), Innrain 66, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (C.A.M.)
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14
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Volatile uptake, transport, perception, and signaling shape a plant's nose. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:695-702. [PMID: 36062590 PMCID: PMC9528081 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles regulate defenses in undamaged neighboring plants. Understanding the mechanisms by which plant volatiles are taken up, perceived, and translated into canonical defense signaling pathways is an important frontier of knowledge. Volatiles can enter plants through stomata and the cuticle. They are likely perceived by membrane-associated receptors as well as intracellular receptors. The latter likely involves metabolization and transport across cell membranes by volatile transporters. Translation of volatiles into defense priming and induction typically involves mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), WRKY transcription factors, and jasmonates. We propose that the broad range of molecular processes involved in volatile signaling will likely result in substantial spatiotemporal and ontogenetic variation in plant responsiveness to volatiles, with important consequences for plant–environment interactions.
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15
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Vázquez‐González C, Pombo‐Salinas L, Martín‐Cacheda L, Rasmann S, Röder G, Abdala‐Roberts L, Mooney KA, Moreira X. Effect of water availability on volatile‐mediated communication between potato plants in response to insect herbivory. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Vázquez‐González
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California‐Irvine California USA
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG‐CSIC), Apartado de correos 28, 36080 Pontevedra Galicia Spain
| | - Laura Pombo‐Salinas
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG‐CSIC), Apartado de correos 28, 36080 Pontevedra Galicia Spain
| | - Lucía Martín‐Cacheda
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG‐CSIC), Apartado de correos 28, 36080 Pontevedra Galicia Spain
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of Biology University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile‐Argand 11 Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Gregory Röder
- Institute of Biology University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile‐Argand 11 Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Luis Abdala‐Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4‐116, Itzimná. 97000. Mérida Yucatán México
| | - Kailen A. Mooney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California‐Irvine California USA
| | - Xoaquín Moreira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG‐CSIC), Apartado de correos 28, 36080 Pontevedra Galicia Spain
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16
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Galmán A, Vázquez‐González C, Röder G, Castagneyrol B. Interactive effects of tree species composition and water availability on growth and direct and indirect defences in
Quercus ilex. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Galmán
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, National Spanish Research Council (CSIC) Pontevedra Spain
- Inst. of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther Univ. Halle‐Wittenberg Germany
| | - Carla Vázquez‐González
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, National Spanish Research Council (CSIC) Pontevedra Spain
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California Irvine CA USA
| | - Gregory Röder
- Inst. of Biology, Univ. of Neuchâtel Neuchâtel Switzerland
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17
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Frago E, Gols R, Schweiger R, Müller C, Dicke M, Godfray HCJ. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles, not natural enemies, mediate a positive indirect interaction between insect herbivores. Oecologia 2022; 198:443-456. [PMID: 35001172 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many insect herbivores engage in apparent competition whereby two species interact through shared natural enemies. Upon insect attack, plants release volatile blends that attract natural enemies, but whether these volatiles mediate apparent competition between herbivores is not yet known. We investigate the role of volatiles that are emitted by bean plants upon infestation by Acyrthosiphon pisum aphids on the population dynamics and fitness of Sitobion avenae aphids, and on wheat phloem sap metabolites. In a field experiment, the dynamics of S. avenae aphids on wheat were studied by crossing two treatments: exposure of aphid colonies to A. pisum-induced bean volatiles and exclusion of natural enemies. Glasshouse experiments and analyses of primary metabolites in wheat phloem exudates were performed to better understand the results from the field experiment. In the field, bean volatiles did not affect S. avenae dynamics or survival when aphids were exposed to natural enemies. When protected from them, however, volatiles led to larger aphid colonies. In agreement with this observation, in glasshouse experiments, aphid-induced bean volatiles increased the survival of S. avenae aphids on wheat plants, but not on an artificial diet. This suggests that volatiles may benefit S. avenae colonies via metabolic changes in wheat plants, although we did not find any effect on wheat phloem exudate composition. We report a potential case of associational susceptibility whereby plant volatiles weaken the defences of receiving plants, thus leading to increased herbivore performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Frago
- CIRAD, UMR CBGP, 755 avenue du campus Agropolis-CS30016, Montferrier sur lez cedex, 34988, Montpellier, France.
| | - R Gols
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Schweiger
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - C Müller
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - M Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - H C J Godfray
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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18
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Pélissier R, Violle C, Morel JB. Plant immunity: Good fences make good neighbors? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 62:102045. [PMID: 33965754 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant immunity is modulated by several abiotic factors, and microbiome has emerged as a major biotic driver of plant resistance. Recently, a few studies showed that plants also modify resistance to pests and pathogens in their neighborhood. Several types of neighborhood could be identified depending on the biological processes at play: intraspecific and interspecific competition, kin and stranger recognition, plant-soil feedbacks, and danger signaling. This review highlights that molecules exchanged aboveground and belowground between plants can modulate plant immunity, either constitutively or after damage or attack. An intriguing relationship between allelopathy and immunity has been evidenced and should merit further investigation. Interestingly, most reported cases of modulation of immunity by the neighbors are positive, opening new perspectives for the understanding of natural plant communities as well as for the design of more diverse cultivated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Pélissier
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, CEFE, Univ Montpellier, Institut Agro, INRAE, CIRAD, TA A-54/K Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry, Campus du CNRS, 1919, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Morel
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, TA A-54 / K Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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19
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Moreira X, Granjel RR, de la Fuente M, Fernández-Conradi P, Pasch V, Soengas P, Turlings TCJ, Vázquez-González C, Abdala-Roberts L, Rasmann S. Apparent inhibition of induced plant volatiles by a fungal pathogen prevents airborne communication between potato plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1192-1201. [PMID: 33244762 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant communication in response to insect herbivory has been increasingly studied, whereas that involving pathogen attack has received much less attention. We tested for communication between potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants in response to leaf infection by the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. To this end, we measured the total amount and composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by control and infected emitter plants, as well as tested for induced resistance of receiver plants exposed to VOCs from emitters. We further tested for changes in the expression of defensive genes due to pathogen infection. Fungal infection did not significantly affect the total amount or composition of VOCs produced by emitter plants. Correspondingly, we found no evidence of higher resistance to the pathogen in receiver plants exposed to VOCs from infected emitters relative to control emitters. Molecular analyses indicated that pathogen infection drove a down-regulation of genes coding for VOC precursors, potentially explaining the absence of pathogen effects on VOC emissions and thus of communication. Overall, these results indicate no evidence of airborne communication between potato plants in response to fungal infection and point at pathogen inhibition of VOC emissions as a likely explanation for this result.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo R Granjel
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Viviana Pasch
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Pilar Soengas
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Ted C J Turlings
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Luis Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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20
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Jactel H, Moreira X, Castagneyrol B. Tree Diversity and Forest Resistance to Insect Pests: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Prospects. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 66:277-296. [PMID: 32903046 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-041720-075234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ecological research conducted over the past five decades has shown that increasing tree species richness at forest stands can improve tree resistance to insect pest damage. However, the commonality of this finding is still under debate. In this review, we provide a quantitative assessment (i.e., a meta-analysis) of tree diversity effects on insect herbivory and discuss plausible mechanisms underlying the observed patterns. We provide recommendations and working hypotheses that can serve to lay the groundwork for research to come. Based on more than 600 study cases, our quantitative review indicates that insect herbivory was, on average, lower in mixed forest stands than in pure stands, but these diversity effects were contingent on herbivore diet breadth and tree species composition. In particular, tree species diversity mainly reduced damage of specialist insect herbivores in mixed stands with phylogenetically distant tree species. Overall, our findings provide essential guidance for forest pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Jactel
- INRAE, University of Bordeaux, BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France;
| | - Xoaquín Moreira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), 36080 Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain
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21
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Abdala‐Roberts L, Puentes A, Finke DL, Marquis RJ, Montserrat M, Poelman EH, Rasmann S, Sentis A, van Dam NM, Wimp G, Mooney K, Björkman C. Tri-trophic interactions: bridging species, communities and ecosystems. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:2151-2167. [PMID: 31631502 PMCID: PMC6899832 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A vast body of research demonstrates that many ecological and evolutionary processes can only be understood from a tri-trophic viewpoint, that is, one that moves beyond the pairwise interactions of neighbouring trophic levels to consider the emergent features of interactions among multiple trophic levels. Despite its unifying potential, tri-trophic research has been fragmented, following two distinct paths. One has focused on the population biology and evolutionary ecology of simple food chains of interacting species. The other has focused on bottom-up and top-down controls over the distribution of biomass across trophic levels and other ecosystem-level variables. Here, we propose pathways to bridge these two long-standing perspectives. We argue that an expanded theory of tri-trophic interactions (TTIs) can unify our understanding of biological processes across scales and levels of organisation, ranging from species evolution and pairwise interactions to community structure and ecosystem function. To do so requires addressing how community structure and ecosystem function arise as emergent properties of component TTIs, and, in turn, how species traits and TTIs are shaped by the ecosystem processes and the abiotic environment in which they are embedded. We conclude that novel insights will come from applying tri-trophic theory systematically across all levels of biological organisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Abdala‐Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología TropicalCampus de Ciencias Biológicas y AgropecuariasUniversidad Autónoma de YucatánKm. 15.5 Carretera Mérida‐XmatkuilMX‐97000MéridaYucatánMéxico
| | - Adriana Puentes
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 7044SE‐750 07UppsalaSweden
| | - Deborah L. Finke
- Division of Plant SciencesUniversity of Missouri1‐33 Agriculture BuildingUS‐65211ColumbiaMOUSA
| | - Robert J. Marquis
- Department of Biology and the Whitney R. Harris World Ecology CenterUniversity of Missouri–St. Louis1 University BoulevardUS‐63121St. LouisMOUSA
| | - Marta Montserrat
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM‐UMA‐CSIC)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasE‐29750Algarrobo‐Costa (Málaga)Spain
| | - Erik H. Poelman
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityP.O. Box 166700 AAWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelRue Emile‐Argand 11CH‐2000NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Arnaud Sentis
- UMR RECOVERIRSTEAAix Marseille University3275 route Cézanne13182Aix‐en‐ProvenceFrance
| | - Nicole M. van Dam
- Molecular Interaction EcologyFriedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena & German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5eDE‐04103LeipzigGermany
| | - Gina Wimp
- Department of BiologyGeorgetown University406 Reiss Science BuildingUS‐20057WashingtonDCUSA
| | - Kailen Mooney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California Irvine321 Steinhaus HallUS‐92697IrvineCAUSA
| | - Christer Björkman
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 7044SE‐750 07UppsalaSweden
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22
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Moreira X, Nell CS, Meza-Lopez MM, Rasmann S, Mooney KA. Specificity of plant-plant communication for Baccharis salicifolia sexes but not genotypes. Ecology 2019; 99:2731-2739. [PMID: 30508249 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Plants are able to adjust their anti-herbivore defenses in response to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by herbivore-damaged neighbors, and some of these changes increase resistance against subsequent herbivory. This phenomenon of plant-plant communication is thought to be widespread, but recent investigations have cautioned that it can be context dependent, including variation in the strength of communication based on the identity of plants and their associated herbivores. Here, we performed three greenhouse experiments using multiple male and female genotypes of the dioecious woody shrub Baccharis salicifolia and its specialist aphid Uroleucon macolai to test for specificity of plant-plant communication with respect to plant sex and genotype. Moreover, we evaluated plant sexual dimorphism and genotypic variation in VOC emissions (i.e., the "speaking" side of the interaction) and response of plants to VOC exposure (i.e., the "listening" side of the interaction) in order to identify the chemical mechanisms underlying such specificity. We did not find genotypic specificity of communication; emitter plants damaged by U. macolai significantly reduced subsequent U. macolai performance on receivers, but these effects were indistinguishable for communication within vs. among genotypes. In contrast, we found sex specificity of communication; male emitter plants reduced subsequent U. macolai performance on male and female receiver plants equally, while female emitter plants only did so for female receivers. We found sexual (but not genotypic) dimorphism in speaking but not listening; of the seven compounds induced by U. macolai feeding (speaking), pinocarvone was approximately fivefold greater in female than in male plants, while exposure of plants to pinocarvone emissions (listening) reduced U. macolai performance equally in both male and female plants. Together, our study demonstrates novel evidence for sexually dimorphic specificity of plant-plant communication and the chemical mechanism underlying this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xoaquín Moreira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain
| | - Colleen S Nell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 92697, California, USA
| | - Maria M Meza-Lopez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 92697, California, USA
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Functional Ecology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Kailen A Mooney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 92697, California, USA
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