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Wei L, Hu J, Wang J, Wu H, Li K. Theoretical Analysis of Light-Actuated Self-Sliding Mass on a Circular Track Facilitated by a Liquid Crystal Elastomer Fiber. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1696. [PMID: 38932046 PMCID: PMC11207362 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-vibrating systems obtaining energy from their surroundings to sustain motion can offer great potential in micro-robots, biomedicine, radar systems, and amusement equipment owing to their adaptability, efficiency, and sustainability. However, there is a growing need for simpler, faster-responding, and easier-to-control systems. In the study, we theoretically present an advanced light-actuated liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) fiber-mass system which can initiate self-sliding motion along a rigid circular track under constant light exposure. Based on an LCE dynamic model and the theorem of angular momentum, the equations for dynamic control of the system are deduced to investigate the dynamic behavior of self-sliding. Numerical analyses show that the theoretical LCE fiber-mass system operates in two distinct states: a static state and a self-sliding state. The impact of various dimensionless variables on the self-sliding amplitude and frequency is further investigated, specifically considering variables like light intensity, initial tangential velocity, the angle of the non-illuminated zone, and the inherent properties of the LCE material. For every increment of π/180 in the amplitude, the elastic coefficient increases by 0.25% and the angle of the non-illuminated zone by 1.63%, while the light intensity contributes to a 20.88% increase. Our findings reveal that, under constant light exposure, the mass element exhibits a robust self-sliding response, indicating its potential for use in energy harvesting and other applications that require sustained periodic motion. Additionally, this system can be extended to other non-circular curved tracks, highlighting its adaptability and versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kai Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China; (L.W.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (H.W.)
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2
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Wu H, Zhang B, Li K. Synchronous behaviors of three coupled liquid crystal elastomer-based spring oscillators under linear temperature fields. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:024701. [PMID: 38491566 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.024701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Self-oscillating coupled systems possess the ability to actively absorb external environmental energy to sustain their motion. This quality endows them with autonomy and sustainability, making them have application value in the fields of synchronization and clustering, thereby furthering research and exploration in these domains. Building upon the foundation of thermal responsive liquid crystal elastomer-based (LCE-based) spring oscillators, a synchronous system comprising three LCE-based spring oscillators interconnected by springs is established. In this paper, the synchronization phenomenon is described, and the self-oscillation mechanism is revealed. The results indicate that by varying system parameters and initial conditions, three synchronization patterns emerge, namely, full synchronous mode, partial synchronous mode, and asynchronous mode. For strongly interacting systems, full synchronous mode always prevails, while for weak interactions, the adjustment of initial velocities in magnitude and direction yields the three synchronization patterns. Additionally, this study explores the impact of several system parameters, including LCE elasticity coefficient and spring elasticity coefficient, on the amplitude, frequency, and synchronous mode of the system. The findings in this paper can enhance our understanding of the synchronization behavior of multiple mutually coupled LCE-based spring oscillators, with promising applications in energy harvesting, soft robotics, signal monitoring, and various other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wu
- School of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui 230601,China
| | - Biao Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui 230601,China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui 230601,China
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3
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Aghajanzadeh MS, Imani R, Nazarpak MH, McInnes SJP. Augmented physical, mechanical, and cellular responsiveness of gelatin-aldehyde modified xanthan hydrogel through incorporation of silicon nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129231. [PMID: 38185310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive scaffolds fabricated from a combination of organic and inorganic biomaterials are a promising approach for addressing defects in bone tissue engineering. In the present study, a self-crosslinked nanocomposite hydrogel, composed of gelatin/aldehyde-modified xanthan (Gel-AXG) is successfully developed by varying concentrations of porous silicon nanoparticles (PSiNPs). The effect of PSiNPs incorporation on physical, mechanical, and biological performance of the nanocomposite hydrogel is evaluated. Morphological analysis reveals formation of highly porous 3D microstructures with interconnected pores in all nanocomposite hydrogels. Increased content of PSiNPs results in a lower swelling ratio, reduced porosity and pore size, which in turn impeded media penetration and slowed down the degradation process. In addition, remarkable enhancements in dynamic mechanical properties are observed in Gel-AXG-8%Si (compressive strength: 0.6223 MPa at 90 % strain and compressive modulus: 0.054 MPa), along with improved biomineralization ability via hydroxyapatite formation after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). This optimized nanocomposite hydrogel provides a sustained release of Si ions at safe dose levels. Furthermore, in-vitro cytocompatibility studies using MG-63 cells exhibited remarkable performance in terms of cell attachment, proliferation, and ALP activity for Gel-AXG-8%Si. These findings suggest that the prepared nanocomposite hydrogel holds promising potential as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rana Imani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Haghbin Nazarpak
- New Technologies Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Steven J P McInnes
- UniSA STEM, Mawson Lakes Campus, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
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Singh R, Pathak S, Jain K, Noorjahan, Kim SK. Correlating the Dipolar Interactions Induced Magneto-Viscoelasticity and Thermal Conductivity Enhancements in Nanomagnetic Fluids. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205741. [PMID: 37246272 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effective thermal management of electronic system holds the key to maximize their performance. The recent miniaturization trends require a cooling system with high heat flux capacity, localized cooling, and active control. Nanomagnetic fluids (NMFs) based cooling systems have the ability to meet the current demand of the cooling system for the miniaturized electronic system. However, the thermal characteristics of NMFs have a long way to go before the internal mechanisms are well understood. This review mainly focuses on the three aspects to establish a correlation between the thermal and rheological properties of the NMFs. First, the background, stability, and factors affecting the properties of the NMFs are discussed. Second, the ferrohydrodynamic equations are introduced for the NMFs to explain the rheological behavior and relaxation mechanism. Finally, different theoretical and experimental models are summarized that explain the thermal characteristics of the NMFs. Thermal characteristics of the NMFs are significantly affected by the morphology and composition of the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in NMFs as well as the type of carrier liquids and surface functionalization that also influences the rheological properties. Thus, understanding the correlation between the thermal characteristics of the NMFs and rheological properties helps develop cooling systems with improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomical Science, School of Physical and Material Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, 176215, India
| | - Saurabh Pathak
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Spin Dynamics and SW Devices, Nanospinics Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, South Korea
| | - Komal Jain
- Indian Reference Materials Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Noorjahan
- Department of Physics and Astronomical Science, School of Physical and Material Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, 176215, India
| | - Sang-Koog Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Spin Dynamics and SW Devices, Nanospinics Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, South Korea
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5
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Wu H, Dai Y, Li K. Self-Vibration of Liquid Crystal Elastomer Strings under Steady Illumination. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3483. [PMID: 37631540 PMCID: PMC10458575 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-vibrating systems based on active materials have been widely developed, but most of the existing self-oscillating systems are complex and difficult to control. To fulfill the requirements of different functions and applications, it is necessary to construct more self-vibrating systems that are easy to control, simple in material preparation and fast in response. This paper proposes a liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) string-mass structure capable of continuous vibration under steady illumination. Based on the linear elastic model and the dynamic LCE model, the dynamic governing equations of the LCE string-mass system are established. Through numerical calculation, two regimes of the LCE string-mass system, namely the static regime and the self-vibration regime, are obtained. In addition, the light intensity, contraction coefficient and elastic coefficient of the LCE can increase the amplitude and frequency of the self-vibration, while the damping coefficient suppresses the self-oscillation. The LCE string--mass system proposed in this paper has the advantages of simple structure, easy control and customizable size, which has a wide application prospect in the fields of energy harvesting, autonomous robots, bionic instruments and medical equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kai Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China; (H.W.); (Y.D.)
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6
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Dual electro- and magneto-induced bending actuators of magnetite-loaded agarose ionogels. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 310:120741. [PMID: 36925256 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic ionogels are a new kind of gel composites which combine the elastic properties from the swollen gel matrix and the magnetic properties from a magnetic filler. The dual electro-magneto-responsive agarose ionogels (AG IGels) were fabricated by a solution casting method using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Bmim][Cl] as the ionic liquid solvent, and embedded with magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs). The addition of Fe3O4 NPs induced the high bending responses under applied electric and magnetic fields via the electronic polarization and magnetic interaction. The 3.0 wt.% Fe3O4/AG MagIGel showed the largest deflection distances relative to other magnetic gel composites; 14.92, 8.96, and 21.63 mm under the applied electric fields of 600 V/mm in silicone oil, 60 V/mm in air, and under the applied magnetic field of 600 G in air, respectively. The bending distances were of comparable in magnitudes to other electro-magneto-responsive materials. Thus, the fabricated Fe3O4/AG MagIGels are demonstrated here as potential for soft electric-magnetic actuator applications.
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Karlıdağ NE, Demirel R, Serbest H, Turak F, Bakırdere S. Determination of cobalt in chamomile tea samples at trace levels by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry after poly(vinyl alcohol)-magnetic hydrogel based dispersive solid phase extraction. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 15:56-62. [PMID: 36477290 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01493a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an analytical strategy was proposed for the determination of cobalt at trace levels by using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) system after magnetic hydrogel based dispersive solid phase extraction (MH-DSPE). Poly(vinyl alcohol) based magnetic hydrogels (PVA-MH) were synthesized easily, quickly, and cost effectively in the laboratory and used as an adsorbent material in the microextraction process. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) values were recorded as 4.2 and 14.1 μg L-1, respectively. To investigate the matrix effects on the analyte signal, spike experiments were performed using chamomile tea extracts and good recovery results were obtained between 85.7 and 113.8%. A 57.8-fold improvement was achieved in the detection power compared to that of a conventional FAAS system. The results obtained throughout all experimental studies demonstrated the applicability in addition to the accuracy of the method for the quantification of trace levels of cobalt with high accuracy in a chamomile tea matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rabia Demirel
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, İstanbul, 34210, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Serbest
- Istanbul Health & Technology University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering, İstanbul 34173, Turkey
| | - Fatma Turak
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, İstanbul, 34210, Turkey.
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, İstanbul, 34210, Turkey.
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Vedat Dalokay Street No: 112 Çankaya, Ankara, 06670, Turkey
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8
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Facile preparation and characterization of tough poly(vinyl alcohol) organohydrogels with low friction and self-cleaning properties. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Luo M, Si X, Li M, Huang Y, Li Q, Li C. Experimental study on the temporary plugging performance of magnetic responsive hydrogel in hydraulic fracturing of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Verma R, Pathak S, Dey KK, Sikarwar S, Yadav BC, Srivastava AK. Facile synthesized zinc oxide nanorod film humidity sensor based on variation in optical transmissivity. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2902-2912. [PMID: 36131997 PMCID: PMC9418808 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00893e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Variation in the transmitted light intensity from metal oxide thin films with moisture content provides a great opportunity to use them for humidity sensing. Herein, we have developed a novel and simple humidity sensor based on ZnO nanorod (ZNR) thin films which work as transmission-based sensing elements in an in-house fabricated sensing setup. The ZNR sensing element shows excellent linear sensing performance in the relative humidity (RH) range 10-90% and does not show any hysteresis. A maximum change in optical power of ∼95 μW is observed with the change in RH in the range 10-90%, for the sample with the smallest crystallite size (ZNR1) and highest pore diameter of the ZNR film. Also, a maximum sensitivity of 1.104 μW/% RH is observed for the ZNR1 sample which drops to 0.604 μW/% RH for the highest crystallite size sample (ZNR4). The presence of oxygen vacancies and the micro-porous nature of the film allow the absorption of water vapour on the film which deflects light at different angles that vary with the moisture content. The experimental results suggest that the ZNR film with a smaller crystallite size and larger pore diameter is more sensitive for humidity measurements. Further, an improved sensing performance is perceived in ZNRs because of the larger surface area of the nanorods. The ZNR based sensing elements do not suffer from ageing effects and exhibit high repeatability (88.74%). Further, the humidity sensor has a response time of 62 seconds and recovery time of 100 seconds which can be considered as a fairly quick response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Verma
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Saurabh Pathak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Kajal Kumar Dey
- Centre for Nanoscience & Technology, Prof. Rajendra Singh Institute of Physical Sciences for Study and Research, VBS Purvanchal University Jaunpur Uttar Pradesh 2220003 India
| | - Samiksha Sikarwar
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Decision Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow 226025 India
| | - B C Yadav
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Decision Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow 226025 India
| | - A K Srivastava
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462026 India
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Pathak S, Verma R, Kumar P, Singh A, Singhal S, Sharma P, Jain K, Pant RP, Wang X. Facile Synthesis, Static, and Dynamic Magnetic Characteristics of Varying Size Double-Surfactant-Coated Mesoscopic Magnetic Nanoparticles Dispersed Stable Aqueous Magnetic Fluids. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3009. [PMID: 34835770 PMCID: PMC8620981 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports the synthesis of a stable aqueous magnetic fluid (AMF) by dispersing double-surfactant-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in water using a facile ambient scalable wet chemical route. MNPs do not disperse well in water, resulting in low stability. This was improved by dispersing double-surfactant (oleic acid and sodium oleate)-coated MNPs in water, where cross-linking between the surfactants improves the stability of the AMFs. The stability was probed by rheological measurements and all the AMF samples showed a good long-term stability and stability against a gradient magnetic field. Further, the microwave spin resonance behavior of AMFs was studied in detail by corroborating the experimental results obtained from the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) technique to theoretical predictions by appropriate fittings. A broad spectrum was perceived for AMFs which indicates strong ferromagnetic characteristics. The resonance field shifted to higher magnetic field values with the decrease in particle size as larger-size MNPs magnetize and demagnetize more easily since their magnetic spins can align in the field direction more definitely. The FMR spectra was fitted to obtain various spin resonance parameters. The asymmetric shapes of the FMR spectra were observed with a decrease in particle sizes, which indicates an increase in relaxation time. The relaxation time increased with a decrease in particle sizes (sample A to D) from 37.2779 ps to 42.8301 ps. Further, a detailed investigation of the structural, morphological, and dc magnetic properties of the AMF samples was performed. Room temperature dc magnetic measurements confirmed the superparamagnetic (SPM) characteristics of the AMF and the M-H plot for each sample was fitted with a Langevin function to obtain the domain magnetization, permeability, and hydrodynamic diameter of the MNPs. The saturation magnetization and coercivity of the AMF samples increased with the increase in dispersed MNPs' size of the samples. The improvement in the stability and magnetic characteristics makes AMFs suitable candidates for various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, magnetic fluid hyperthermia, and biomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Pathak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; (P.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Rajni Verma
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Prashant Kumar
- School of Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NPL Campus, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.S.); (K.J.); (R.P.P.)
| | - Arjun Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NPL Campus, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.S.); (K.J.); (R.P.P.)
| | - Sakshi Singhal
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, DRDO, Brig SK Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India;
| | - Pragati Sharma
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; (P.S.); (X.W.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NPL Campus, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.S.); (K.J.); (R.P.P.)
| | - Komal Jain
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NPL Campus, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.S.); (K.J.); (R.P.P.)
| | - Rajendra Prasad Pant
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NPL Campus, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.S.); (K.J.); (R.P.P.)
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; (P.S.); (X.W.)
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Pathak S, Verma R, Singhal S, Chaturvedi R, Kumar P, Sharma P, Pant RP, Wang X. Spin dynamics investigations of multifunctional ambient scalable Fe 3O 4 surface decorated ZnO magnetic nanocomposite using FMR. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3799. [PMID: 33589699 PMCID: PMC7884716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microwave spin resonance behavior of the Fe3O4 surface decorated ZnO nanocomposites (FZNC) has been investigated by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). Modified hydrothermal method has been adopted to fabricate FZNC samples with Fe3O4 nanoparticles chains were used as seeds in the uniform magnetic field to decorate them on the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles in a unique configuration. Spin dynamics investigation confirms the transition of ZnO from diamagnetic to ferromagnetic as the sharp FMR spectra converts to the broad spectra with Fe3O4 nanoparticles incorporation. A single broad FMR spectra confirms that no isolated Fe3+ or Zn2+ ions exist which is also in agreement with XRD confirming suitable composite formation. Further, the increase in Fe3O4 concentration leads to decrease in g-value which is resulting from the internal field enhancement due to magnetic ordering. Also, various spin resonance parameters were calculated for the FZNC which provides a detail information about the magnetic ordering, exchange coupling and anisotropy. Elemental analysis confirms the presence of Fe and Zn simultaneously and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image show the presence of Fe3O4 on the grain boundaries of ZnO which has been confirmed by taking high-resolution TEM and electron diffraction patterns on both sides of the interface. These unique structural configuration of the FZNC has tremendous potential in various magneto-optoelectronic, spintronics and electro-chemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Pathak
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NPL Campus, New Delhi, India.
| | - Rajni Verma
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sakshi Singhal
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, DRDO, Brig SK Mazumdar Road, Delhi, India
| | | | - Prashant Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NPL Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Pragati Sharma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NPL Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - R P Pant
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NPL Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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13
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Kumar P, Pathak S, Singh A, Khanduri H, Basheed GA, Wang L, Pant RP. Microwave spin resonance investigation on the effect of the post-processing annealing of CoFe 2O 4 nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1939-1948. [PMID: 36132523 PMCID: PMC9418779 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00156b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel investigation on the finite-size effects on the spin resonance properties of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles has been performed using a room temperature ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) technique. A single broad spectrum was obtained for the CoFe2O4 nanoparticle samples, which indicated that all the samples were showing ferromagnetic characteristics. An asymmetric FMR line shape with a hefty trailing section was obtained due to the high magneto-crystalline anisotropy in CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, which changed with the size distribution. The resonance field for the samples shifted to a higher value due to the increase in the magneto-crystalline anisotropy in the CoFe2O4 nanoparticles with an increase in size. A systematic change in the resonance field and line width was observed with the change in the size distribution of the particles. Initially, it decreased with an increase in the size of the particles and increased after the critical size range. The critical size range is the imprint of the shift of the magnetic domain from a single domain to multi domain. The line width increased at higher annealing temperatures due to the enhancement in the dipole-dipole interaction, which led to a higher spin concentration as well as magneto-crystalline anisotropy. Furthermore, the saturation magnetization (M s) as well as 'M r/M s' increased from 37.7 to 71.4 emu g-1 and 0.06 to 0.31, respectively. The highest coercivity (750.9 Oe) and anisotropy constant (4.62 × 104 erg cm-3) were found for the sample annealed at 700 °C, which can be corroborated by the literature as the critical annealing temperature at which CoFe2O4 nanoparticles shift from single domain nanoparticles to multi-domain nanoparticles. Post-processing annealing is critical in advanced processing techniques and spin dynamics plays a vital role in various interdisciplinary areas of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory New Delhi India-110012
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NPL Campus New Delhi India-110012
- School of Science, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Saurabh Pathak
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory New Delhi India-110012
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NPL Campus New Delhi India-110012
- School of Engineering, RMIT University VIC 3000 Australia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Arjun Singh
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory New Delhi India-110012
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NPL Campus New Delhi India-110012
- Department of Physics, Indian Institution of Technology Jammu-181221 India
| | - H Khanduri
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory New Delhi India-110012
| | - G A Basheed
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory New Delhi India-110012
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NPL Campus New Delhi India-110012
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Science, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - R P Pant
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory New Delhi India-110012
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NPL Campus New Delhi India-110012
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14
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Hapipi NM, Mazlan SA, Ubaidillah U, Abdul Aziz SA, Ahmad Khairi MH, Nordin NA, Nazmi N. Solvent Dependence of the Rheological Properties in Hydrogel Magnetorheological Plastomer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1793. [PMID: 32151055 PMCID: PMC7084487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemically crosslinked hydrogel magnetorheological (MR) plastomer (MRP) embedded with carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) exhibits excellent magnetic performance (MR effect) in the presence of external stimuli especially magnetic field. However, oxidation and desiccation in hydrogel MRP due to a large amount of water content as a dispersing phase would limit its usage for long-term applications, especially in industrial engineering. In this study, different solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are also used to prepare polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel MRP. Thus, to understand the dynamic viscoelastic properties of hydrogel MRP, three different samples with different solvents: water, DMSO, and their binary mixtures (DMSO/water) were prepared and systematically carried out using the oscillatory shear. The outcomes demonstrate that the PVA hydrogel MRP prepared from precursor gel with water shows the highest MR effect of 15,544% among the PVA hydrogel MRPs. However, the samples exhibit less stability and tend to oxidise after a month. Meanwhile, the samples with binary mixtures (DMSO/water) show an acceptable MR effect of 11,024% with good stability and no CIPs oxidation. Otherwise, the sample with DMSO has the lowest MR effect of 7049% and less stable compared to the binary solvent samples. This confirms that the utilisation of DMSO as a new solvent affects the rheological properties and stability of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhiwani Mohd Hapipi
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (N.M.H.); (S.A.A.A.); (M.H.A.K.); (N.A.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Saiful Amri Mazlan
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (N.M.H.); (S.A.A.A.); (M.H.A.K.); (N.A.N.); (N.N.)
| | - U. Ubaidillah
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Kentingan Jebres, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
- National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT), Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (N.M.H.); (S.A.A.A.); (M.H.A.K.); (N.A.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Muntaz Hana Ahmad Khairi
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (N.M.H.); (S.A.A.A.); (M.H.A.K.); (N.A.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Nur Azmah Nordin
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (N.M.H.); (S.A.A.A.); (M.H.A.K.); (N.A.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Nurhazimah Nazmi
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (N.M.H.); (S.A.A.A.); (M.H.A.K.); (N.A.N.); (N.N.)
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15
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Kumar P, Khanduri H, Pathak S, Singh A, Basheed GA, Pant RP. Temperature selectivity for single phase hydrothermal synthesis of PEG-400 coated magnetite nanoparticles. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8672-8683. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01318h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Temperature plays a vital role in the hydrothermal synthesis of the nanoparticles. Herein, we have provided a very detailed spin dynamic investigation on the varying size Fe3O4 nanoparticles using FMR technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Indian Reference Materials Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi
- India 110012
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - H. Khanduri
- Indian Reference Materials Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi
- India 110012
| | - Saurabh Pathak
- School of Engineering
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
| | - Arjun Singh
- Indian Reference Materials Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi
- India 110012
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - G. A. Basheed
- Indian Reference Materials Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi
- India 110012
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - R. P. Pant
- Indian Reference Materials Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi
- India 110012
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
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16
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Blyakhman FA, Sokolov SY, Safronov AP, Dinislamova OA, Shklyar TF, Zubarev AY, Kurlyandskaya GV. Ferrogels Ultrasonography for Biomedical Applications. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19183959. [PMID: 31540284 PMCID: PMC6767681 DOI: 10.3390/s19183959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ferrogels (FG) are magnetic composites that are widely used in the area of biomedical engineering and biosensing. In this work, ferrogels with different concentrations of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized by the radical polymerization of acrylamide in stabilized aqueous ferrofluid. FG samples were prepared in various shapes that are suitable for different characterization techniques. Thin cylindrical samples were used to simulate the case of targeted drug delivery test through blood vessels. Samples of larger size that were in the shape of cylindrical plates were used for the evaluation of the FG applicability as substitutes for damaged structures, such as bone or cartilage tissues. Regardless of the shape of the samples and the conditions of their location, the boundaries of FG were confidently visualized over the entire range of concentrations of MNPs while using medical ultrasound. The amplitude of the reflected echo signal was higher for the higher concentration of MNPs in the gel. This result was not related to the influence of the MNPs on the intensity of the reflected echo signal directly, since the wavelength of the ultrasonic effect used is much larger than the particle size. Qualitative theoretical model for the understanding of the experimental results was proposed while taking into account the concept that at the acoustic oscillations of the hydrogel, the macromolecular net, and water in the gel porous structure experience the viscous Stocks-like interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix A Blyakhman
- Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Sergey Yu Sokolov
- Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Alexander P Safronov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Institute of Electrophysics, Ural Division RAS, 620016 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | | | - Tatyana F Shklyar
- Ural State Medical University, 620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Andrey Yu Zubarev
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Galina V Kurlyandskaya
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Departamento de Electricidad y Electrónica and BCMaterials, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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17
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Wu H, Lei Y, Song X, Tan Y, Sun Z, Zhang Y, Kjøniksen AL, Wang W, Ma J. Real time rheological study of first network effects on the in situ polymerized semi-interpenetrating hydrogels. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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