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Smith B, Li Y, Fields T, Tucker M, Staskiewicz A, Wong E, Ma H, Mao H, Wang X. Tumor integrin targeted theranostic iron oxide nanoparticles for delivery of caffeic acid phenethyl ester: preparation, characterization, and anti-myeloma activities. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1325196. [PMID: 38510655 PMCID: PMC10952826 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1325196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells preferentially in the bone marrow. Currently, emerging chemotherapy drugs with improved biosafety profiles, such as immunomodulatory agents and protease inhibitors, have been used in clinics to treat MM in both initial therapy or maintenance therapy post autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). We previously discovered that caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a water-insoluble natural compound, inhibited the growth of MM cells by inducing oxidative stress. As part of our continuous effort to pursue a less toxic yet more effective therapeutic approach for MM, the objective of this study is to investigate the potential of CAPE for in vivo applications by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-capable superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) as carriers. Cyclo (Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Cys) (RGD) is conjugated to IONP (RGD-IONP/CAPE) to target the overexpressed αvβ3 integrin on MM cells for receptor-mediated internalization and intracellular delivery of CAPE. A stable loading of CAPE on IONP can be achieved with a loading efficiency of 48.7% ± 3.3% (wt%). The drug-release studies indicate RGD-IONP/CAPE is stable at physiological (pH 7.4) and basic pH (pH 9.5) and subject to release of CAPE at acidic pH (pH 5.5) mimicking the tumor and lysosomal condition. RGD-IONP/CAPE causes cytotoxicity specific to human MM RPMI8226, U266, and NCI-H929 cells, but not to normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), with IC50s of 7.97 ± 1.39, 16.75 ± 1.62, and 24.38 ± 1.71 μM after 72-h treatment, respectively. Apoptosis assays indicate RGD-IONP/CAPE induces apoptosis of RPMI8226 cells through a caspase-9 mediated intrinsic pathway, the same as applying CAPE alone. The apoptogenic effect of RGD-IONP/CAPE was also confirmed on the RPMI8226 cells co-cultured with human bone marrow stromal cells HS-5 in a Transwell model to mimic the MM microenvironment in the bone marrow. In conclusion, we demonstrate that water-insoluble CAPE can be loaded to RGD-IONP to greatly improve the biocompatibility and significantly inhibit the growth of MM cells in vitro through the induction of apoptosis. This study paves the way for investigating the MRI-trackable delivery of CAPE for MM treatment in animal models in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barkley Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine–Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA, United States
| | - Yuancheng Li
- 5M Biomed, Limited Liability Company, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Travis Fields
- Division of Research, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine–Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA, United States
| | - Michael Tucker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine–Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA, United States
| | - Anna Staskiewicz
- Division of Research, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine–Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA, United States
| | - Erica Wong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine–Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA, United States
| | - Handong Ma
- Division of Research, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine–Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA, United States
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine–Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA, United States
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Kumar V, Kaushik NK, Tiwari SK, Singh D, Singh B. Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles: Sources and multifarious biotechnological applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127017. [PMID: 37742902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles is a highly fascinating research area and has gained importance due to reliable, sustainable and ecofriendly protocol for synthesizing nanoparticles, along with the easy availability of plant materials and their pharmacological significance. As an alternate to physical and chemical synthesis, the biological materials, like microorganisms and plants are considered to be less costly and environment-friendly. Iron nanoparticles with diverse morphology and size have been synthesized using biological extracts. Microbial (bacteria, fungi, algae etc.) and plant extracts have been employed in green synthesis of iron nanoparticles due to the presence of various metabolites and biomolecules. Physical and biochemical properties of biologically synthesized iron nanoparticles are superior to that are synthesized using physical and chemical agents. Iron nanoparticles have magnetic property with thermal and electrical conductivity. Iron nanoparticles below a certain size (generally 10-20 nm), can exhibit a unique form of magnetism called superparamagnetism. They are non-toxic and highly dispersible with targeted delivery, which are suitable for efficient drug delivery to the target. Green synthesized iron nanoparticles have been explored for multifarious biotechnological applications. These iron nanoparticles exhibited antimicrobial and anticancerous properties. Iron nanoparticles adversely affect the cell viability, division and metabolic activity. Iron nanoparticles have been used in the purification and immobilization of various enzymes/proteins. Iron nanoparticles have shown potential in bioremediation of various organic and inorganic pollutants. This review describes various biological sources used in the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles and their potential applications in biotechnology, diagnostics and mitigation of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Kaushik
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
| | - S K Tiwari
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Davender Singh
- Department of Physics, RPS Degree College, Balana, Satnali Road, Mahendragarh 123029, Haryana, India
| | - Bijender Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India; Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
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3
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Tao S, Wu J, He Y, Jiao F. Numerical Studies on the Motions of Magnetically Tagged Cells Driven by a Micromagnetic Matrix. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2224. [PMID: 38138393 PMCID: PMC10745660 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Precisely controlling magnetically tagged cells in a complex environment is crucial to constructing a magneto-microfluidic platform. We propose a two-dimensional model for capturing magnetic beads from non-magnetic fluids under a micromagnetic matrix. A qualitative description of the relationship between the capture trajectory and the micromagnetic matrix with an alternating polarity configuration was obtained by computing the force curve of the magnetic particles. Three stages comprise the capture process: the first, where motion is a parabolic fall in weak fields; the second, where the motion becomes unpredictable due to the competition between gravity and magnetic force; and the third, where the micromagnetic matrix finally captures cells. Since it is not always obvious how many particles are adhered to the surface, attachment density is utilized to illustrate how the quantity of particles influences the capture path. The longitudinal magnetic load is calculated to measure the acquisition efficiency. The optimal adhesion density is 13%, and the maximum adhesion density is 18%. It has been demonstrated that a magnetic ring model with 100% adhesion density can impede the capture process. The results offer a theoretical foundation for enhancing the effectiveness of rare cell capture in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjia Tao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China;
| | - Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
| | - Yongqing He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano System and Intelligent Transduction, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Feng Jiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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Fule R, Kaleem M, Asar TO, Rashid MA, Shaik RA, Eid BG, Nasrullah MZ, Ahmad A, Kazmi I. Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation of Cytarabine-Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: From In Vitro to In Vivo Evaluation of Anticancer Activity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:175. [PMID: 36616087 PMCID: PMC9824610 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Innovative drug delivery systems based on iron oxide nanoparticles (INPs) has generated a lot of interest worldwide and have prime biomedical benefits in anticancer therapy. There are still issues reported regarding the stability, absorption, and toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles (INPs) when administered due to its rapid surface oxidation and agglomeration with blood proteins. To solve this problem, we have synthesized trehalose-coated stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (TINPs) by a co-precipitation technique. The surface coating of INPs with trehalose helps to improve the stability, prevents protein binding, and increase absorption uptake inside the body. Developed TINPs was then loaded with anticancer drug cytarabine by chemical crosslinking encapsulation method using suitable solvent. Engineered cytarabine-loaded trehalose-coated stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (CY-TINPs) were optimized for particle size, zeta potential (-13.03 mV), and solid-state characterization such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies. The particle size of 50 nm was achieved for developed CY-TINPs. The developed CY-TINPs was further evaluated for in vitro cell line investigations which confirmed potential cytotoxic activity. Developed CY-TINPs show remarkable enhancement in in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax as 425.26 ± 2.11 and AUC0-72 as 11,546.64 ± 139.82 as compared to pure drug. Compared to traditional drug delivery, the CY-TINPs formulation can effectively delay release, improve bioavailability, and boost cytotoxic activity against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Fule
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Besa, Nagpur 440036, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohammed Kaleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Besa, Nagpur 440036, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turky Omar Asar
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts at Alkamil, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Abdur Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Al Faraa, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed A. Shaik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma G. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Z. Nasrullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Health Information Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacovigilance and Medication Safety Unit, Center of Research Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Awaad A, Elkady EF, El-Mahdy SM. Time-dependent biodistribution profiles and reaction of polyethylene glycol-coated iron oxide nanoclusters in the spleen after intravenous injection in the mice. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151907. [PMID: 35633602 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely used polymer in the field of pharmaceutics, particularly in which related to drug delivery systems (DDS). Surface coating of the nanoparticles (NPs) with PEG (i.e. pegylation) adds novel characteristics that make their use in vivo more effective with lower cytotoxicity. The biodistribution profiles, reaction, and fate of PEG-coated NPs in vivo still unclear and need more detailed studies. Here in this study, we prepared PEG-coated iron oxide nanoclusters (PEG-coated IONCs) to investigate their biodistribution profiles and reactions in spleen after intravenous injection time-dependently. Using Prussian blue staining method as specific histochemical reaction for iron detection in the tissues, the PEG-coated IONCs were observed in a higher ratio in spleen red pulp after 1 day of injection but decreased time-dependently after 10 days and 20 days. Interestingly, PEG-coated IONCs moved from red pulp into the white pulp specially after 20 days of injection. After long time exposure (20 days), higher amount of PEG-coated IONCs was observed in the center of spleen white pulp follicle. Using histological staining, the reaction of PEG-coated IONCs with splenocytes or immune cells induced cellular abnormalities such as, nucleic acid damages, induction of megakaryocytes number, and sever vacuolation in the white pulp area specially after 20 days of injection. Histochemically, the localization of PEG-coated IONCs in the splenic parenchyma induced the level of the collagen fibers particularly after 1 day and 10 days of injection. Interestingly, cellular abnormalities in the splenic red pulp as well as collagen levels decreased after 20 days of injection due to the clearance of PEG-coated IONCs from this area. This data indicated that cytotoxicity produced by the reaction of PEG-coated IONCs in the spleen are reversible specially after 20 days of in the intravenous injection. Understanding the detailed mechanism of the fate and reaction of the coated nanomaterials after intravenous injection is important to design effective and safe DDS based NPs.
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Li Y, Xie M, Jones JB, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Dang T, Wang X, Lipowska M, Mao H. Targeted Delivery of DNA Topoisomerase Inhibitor SN38 to Intracranial Tumors of Glioblastoma Using Sub-5 Ultrafine Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102816. [PMID: 35481625 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Effectively delivering therapeutics for treating brain tumors is hindered by the physical and biological barriers in the brain. Even with the compromised blood-brain barrier and highly angiogenic blood-tumor barrier seen in glioblastoma (GBM), most drugs, including nanomaterial-based formulations, hardly reach intracranial tumors. This work investigates sub-5 nm ultrafine iron oxide nanoparticles (uIONP) with 3.5 nm core diameter as a carrier for delivering DNA topoisomerase inhibitor 7-ethyl-10-hydroxyl camptothecin (SN38) to treat GBM. Given a higher surface-to-volume ratio, uIONP shows one- or three-folds higher SN38 loading efficiency (48.3 ± 6.1%, mg/mg Fe) than those with core sizes of 10 or 20 nm. SN38 encapsulated in the coating polymer exhibits pH sensitive release with <10% over 48 h at pH 7.4, but 86% at pH 5, thus being protected from converting to inactive glucuronide by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1. Conjugating αv β3 -integrin-targeted cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Cys) (RGD) as ligands, RGD-uIONP/SN38 demonstrates targeted cytotoxicity to αv β3 -integrin-overexpressed U87MG GBM cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of 30.9 ± 2.2 nm. The efficacy study using an orthotopic mouse model of GBM reveals tumor-specific delivery of 11.5% injected RGD-uIONP/SN38 (10 mg Fe kg-1 ), significantly prolonging the survival in mice by 41%, comparing to those treated with SN38 alone (p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancheng Li
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA 30329 USA
- 5M Biomed, LLC Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Manman Xie
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA 30329 USA
| | - Joshua B. Jones
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA 30329 USA
| | - Zhaobin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery Emory University Atlanta GA 30329 USA
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA 30329 USA
| | - Tu Dang
- Division of Research Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine – Georgia Campus Suwanee GA 30024 USA
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine – Georgia Campus Suwanee GA 30024 USA
| | - Malgorzata Lipowska
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA 30329 USA
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA 30329 USA
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7
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Ishmukhametov I, Batasheva S, Rozhina E, Akhatova F, Mingaleeva R, Rozhin A, Fakhrullin R. DNA/Magnetic Nanoparticles Composite to Attenuate Glass Surface Nanotopography for Enhanced Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:344. [PMID: 35054750 PMCID: PMC8779295 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have extensive pluripotent potential to differentiate into various cell types, and thus they are an important tool for regenerative medicine and biomedical research. In this work, the differentiation of hTERT-transduced adipose-derived MSCs (hMSCs) into chondrocytes, adipocytes and osteoblasts on substrates with nanotopography generated by magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) and DNA was investigated. Citrate-stabilized MNPs were synthesized by the chemical co-precipitation method and sized around 10 nm according to microscopy studies. It was shown that MNPs@DNA coatings induced chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in hTERT-transduced MSCs. The cells had normal morphology and distribution of actin filaments. An increase in the concentration of magnetic nanoparticles resulted in a higher surface roughness and reduced the adhesion of cells to the substrate. A glass substrate modified with magnetic nanoparticles and DNA induced active chondrogenesis of hTERT-transduced MSC in a twice-diluted differentiation-inducing growth medium, suggesting the possible use of nanostructured MNPs@DNA coatings to obtain differentiated cells at a reduced level of growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elvira Rozhina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kreml uramı 18, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation; (I.I.); (S.B.); (F.A.); (R.M.); (A.R.)
| | | | | | | | - Rawil Fakhrullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kreml uramı 18, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation; (I.I.); (S.B.); (F.A.); (R.M.); (A.R.)
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8
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Gao Y, Shi X, Shen M. Intelligent Design of Ultrasmall Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Theranostics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45119-45129. [PMID: 34530608 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid advances in nanotechnology have opened up innovative trails to break through the current limitation in clinical treatments of cancer and other critical diseases that plague human beings. Ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles (USIO NPs) with sizes smaller than 5 nm have been emerging as a novel category of nanomaterials with increasing interest in the biomedical domains. To overcome their intrinsic shortcomings, naked USIO NPs can be functionalized, clustered, assembled, or incorporated with other nanomaterials to generate various kinds of intelligent nanoplatforms for single-mode or dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, multimode imaging, as well as imaging-guided precision therapy. In this spotlight on applications, first, we propose the principal aspects in the design and application of USIO NPs for biomedical uses. Second, we cover the recent design strategies of USIO NP-based nanoplatforms mainly developed by our group, describe the rationale on the combination of other functional materials with USIO NPs, and review their resultant applications in theranostics. In addition, we provide herein a perspective on the possible future directions toward USIO NP-based nanoplatforms as smart nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mingwu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Xie M, Xu Y, Huang J, Li Y, Wang L, Yang L, Mao H. Going even smaller: Engineering sub-5 nm nanoparticles for improved delivery, biocompatibility, and functionality. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1644. [PMID: 32432393 PMCID: PMC8654183 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development and advances in nanomaterials and nanotechnology in the past two decades have made profound impact in our approaches to individualized disease diagnosis and treatment. Nanomaterials, mostly in the range of 10-200 nm, developed for biomedical applications provide a wide range of platforms for building and engineering functionalized structures, devices, or systems to fulfill the specific diagnostic and therapeutic needs. Driven by achieving the ultimate goal of clinical translation, sub-5 nm nano-constructs, in particular inorganic nanoparticles such as gold, silver, silica, and iron oxide nanoparticles, have been developed in recent years to improve the biocompatibility, delivery and pharmacokinetics of imaging probes and drug delivery systems, as well as in vivo theranostic applications. The emerging studies have provided new findings that demonstrated the unique size-dependent physical properties, physiological behaviors and biological functions of the nanomaterials in the range of the sub-5 nm scale, including renal clearance, novel imaging contrast, and tissue distribution. This advanced review attempts to introduce the new strategies of rational design for engineering nanoparticles with the core sizes under 5 nm in consideration of the clinical and translational requirements. We will provide readers the update on recent discoveries of chemical, physical, and biological properties of some biocompatible sub-5 nm nanomaterials as well as their demonstrated imaging and theranostic applications, followed by sharing our perspectives on the future development of this class of nanomaterials. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Xie
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, The United States of America
| | - Yaolin Xu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, The United States of America
| | - Jing Huang
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, The United States of America
| | - Yuancheng Li
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, The United States of America
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, The United States of America
- Department of Radiology, The People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lily Yang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, The United States of America
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, The United States of America
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Li Y, Wu H, Ji B, Qian W, Xia S, Wang L, Xu Y, Chen J, Yang L, Mao H. Targeted Imaging of CD206 Expressing Tumor-Associated M2-like Macrophages Using Mannose-Conjugated Antibiofouling Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4335-4347. [PMID: 34841220 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been shown to promote cancer progression, their roles in tumor development and resistance to therapy remain to be fully understood, mainly because of the lack of a good approach to evaluate the dynamic changes of heterogeneous macrophages in their residing microenvironment. Here, we report an approach of using antibiofouling PEG-b-AGE polymer-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) for targeted imaging of mannose receptor (CD206)-expressing M2-like TAMs. Antibiofouling polymer coatings block non-specific phagocytosis of IONPs by different cells but enable ligand-mediated CD206+ M2-like macrophage targeting after surface functionalizing with mannose (Man-IONP). Costaining tissue sections of the 4T1 mouse mammary tumors using an anti-CD206 antibody and fluorescent dye (TRITC)-labeled Man-IONP showed 94.7 ± 4.5% colocalization of TRITC-Man-IONPs with the anti-CD206 antibody. At 48 h after intravenous (i.v.) injection of Man-IONPs, magnetic resonance imaging of mice bearing orthotopic 4T1 mammary tumors showed a significantly larger IONP-induced decrease of the transverse relaxation time (T 2) in tumors with 29.4 ± 1.5 ms compared to 12.3 ± 3.6 ms in tumors that received non-targeted IONP probes (P < 0.001). Immunofluorescence-stained tumor tissue sections collected at 6, 18, and 24 h after i.v. administration of the nanoprobes revealed that Man-IONPs specifically targeted CD206+ M2-like macrophages in various tumor areas at all time points, while nonconjugated IONPs were absent in the tumor after 18 h. Thus, antibiofouling Man-IONPs demonstrated the capability of explicitly imaging CD206+ M2-like macrophages in vivo and potentials for investigating the dynamics of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment and delivering therapeutics targeting M2-like TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancheng Li
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Bing Ji
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Weiping Qian
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Siyuan Xia
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States; Department of Radiology, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, China
| | - Yaolin Xu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Lily Yang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
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11
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Luo L, He Y. Magnetically driven microfluidics for isolation of circulating tumor cells. Cancer Med 2020; 9:4207-4231. [PMID: 32325536 PMCID: PMC7300401 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) largely contribute to cancer metastasis and show potential prognostic significance in cancer isolation and detection. Miniaturization has progressed significantly in the last decade which in turn enabled the development of several microfluidic systems. The microfluidic systems offer a controlled microenvironment for studies of fundamental cell biology, resulting in the rapid development of microfluidic isolation of CTCs. Due to the inherent ability of magnets to provide forces at a distance, the technology of CTCs isolation based on the magnetophoresis mechanism has become a routine methodology. This historical review aims to introduce two principles of magnetic isolation and recent techniques, facilitating research in this field and providing alternatives for researchers in their study of magnetic isolation. Researchers intend to promote effective CTC isolation and analysis as well as active development of next-generation cancer treatment. The first part of this review summarizes the primary principles based on positive and negative magnetophoretic isolation and describes the metrics for isolation performance. The second part presents a detailed overview of the factors that affect the performance of CTC magnetic isolation, including the magnetic field sources, functionalized magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic fluids, and magnetically driven microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laan Luo
- School of Chemical EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Yongqing He
- School of Chemical EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro‐Nano System and Intelligent SensingChongqing Technology and Business UniversityChongqingChina
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12
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Kuzajewska D, Wszołek A, Żwierełło W, Kirczuk L, Maruszewska A. Magnetotactic Bacteria and Magnetosomes as Smart Drug Delivery Systems: A New Weapon on the Battlefield with Cancer? BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E102. [PMID: 32438567 PMCID: PMC7284773 DOI: 10.3390/biology9050102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An important direction of research in increasing the effectiveness of cancer therapies is the design of effective drug distribution systems in the body. The development of the new strategies is primarily aimed at improving the stability of the drug after administration and increasing the precision of drug delivery to the destination. Due to the characteristic features of cancer cells, distributing chemotherapeutics exactly to the microenvironment of the tumor while sparing the healthy tissues is an important issue here. One of the promising solutions that would meet the above requirements is the use of Magnetotactic bacteria (MTBs) and their organelles, called magnetosomes (BMs). MTBs are commonly found in water reservoirs, and BMs that contain ferromagnetic crystals condition the magnetotaxis of these microorganisms. The presented work is a review of the current state of knowledge on the potential use of MTBs and BMs as nanocarriers in the therapy of cancer. The growing amount of literature data indicates that MTBs and BMs may be used as natural nanocarriers for chemotherapeutics, such as classic anti-cancer drugs, antibodies, vaccine DNA, and siRNA. Their use as transporters increases the stability of chemotherapeutics and allows the transfer of individual ligands or their combinations precisely to cancerous tumors, which, in turn, enables the drugs to reach molecular targets more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Kuzajewska
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c St, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; (D.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Agata Wszołek
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c St, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; (D.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Wojciech Żwierełło
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 71 St, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Lucyna Kirczuk
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c St, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; (D.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Maruszewska
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c St, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; (D.K.); (L.K.)
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Fabrication of aptamer modified TiO 2 nanofibers for specific capture of circulating tumor cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 191:110985. [PMID: 32247218 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we developed an inexpensive titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofiber substrate for efficient and selective capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from mimic patients' samples. The TiO2 nanofiber substrates were fabricated by electrospinning in combination with the calcination process. The surface of nanofiber substrates was modified with the anti-adhesion molecule, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the nucleolin aptamer AS1411, wherein, aptamer AS1411 specifically binds to the nucleolin protein overexpressed on the membrane surface of cancer cells. The formed TiO2 nanofiber substrates exhibited high efficacy and specificity to capture nucleolin positive cells through synergistic topographic interactions. Using the rare number of cell capture experiments, the capture efficiency of up to 75 % was achieved on the surface of the nanofiber substrate for rare number target cells spiked in the white blood cells (WBCs) from 1 mL whole blood samples. In conclusion, this study highlighted the potential of the TiO2-BSA-biotin-AS1411 nanofiber substrate as a highly efficient platform to realize the selective and specific capture of rare CTCs in the clinical settings.
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Singh A, Bajpai J, Bajpai A, Mongre RK, Lee MS. Encapsulation of cytarabine into casein coated iron oxide nanoparticles (CCIONPs) and study of in vitro drug release and anticancer activities. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Khairnar S, More N, Mounika C, Kapusetti G. Advances in Contrast Agents for Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2019; 50:575-589. [PMID: 31727524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a well-established medical invention in modern medical technology diagnosis. It is a nondestructive, versatile, and sensitive technique with a high spatial resolution for medical diagnosis. However, MRI has some limitations in differentiating certain tissues, particularly tiny blood vessels, pathological to healthy tissues, specific tumors, and inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, atherosclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. The contrast agent (CA) assisted imaging is the best possible solution to resolve the limitations of MRI. METHOD The literature review was carried out using the keywords, "MRI, T1&T2 relaxation, MRI CAs, delivery and adverse effects, classification of CAs." The tools used for the literature search were PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. RESULT AND DISCUSSION The literature findings focus on MRI technique, limitations, and possible solutions. Primarily, the review focuses on the mechanism of CAs in image formation with detailed explanations of T1 and T2 relaxations, the mechanism of the MRI-CA image formations. This review presents the adverse effects of CA as well as available marketed formulations and recent patents to extent complete information about the MRI-CA. CONCLUSION MRI generates detailed visual information of various tissues with high resolution and contrast. The proton present in the biological fluid plays a crucial role in MR image formation, and it is unable to distinguish pathological conditions in many cases. The CAs are the best solution to resolve the limitation by interacting with native protons. The present review discusses the mechanism of CAs in contrast enhancement and its broad classification with the latest literature. Furthermore, the article presents information about CA biodistribution and adverse effects. The review concludes with an appropriate solution for adverse effects and presents the future prospective for researchers to develop advanced formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Khairnar
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Namdev More
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Choppadandi Mounika
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Govinda Kapusetti
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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Abstract
During the last few decades, magnetic nanoparticles have been evaluated as promising materials in the field of cancer detection, screening, and treatment. Early diagnosis and screening of cancer may be achieved using magnetic nanoparticles either within the magnetic resonance imaging technique and/or sensing systems. These sensors are designed to selectively detect specific biomarkers, compounds that can be related to the onset or evolution of cancer, during and after the treatment of this widespread disease. Some of the particular properties of magnetic nanoparticles are extensively exploited in cancer therapy as drug delivery agents to selectively target the envisaged location by tailored in vivo manipulation using an external magnetic field. Furthermore, individualized treatment with antineoplastic drugs may be combined with magnetic resonance imaging to achieve an efficient therapy. This review summarizes the studies about the implications of magnetic nanoparticles in cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery as well as prospects for future development and challenges of magnetic nanoparticles in the field of oncology.
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Liu H, Wang Z, Chen C, Ding P, Sun N, Pei R. Dual-antibody Modified PLGA Nanofibers for Specific Capture of Epithelial and Mesenchymal CTCs. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 181:143-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Xu Y, Wu H, Xiong Q, Ji B, Yi H, Duan H, Mao H. Size-Controllable Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanorods for Biomarker Targeting and Improving Microfluidic Mixing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3362-3371. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaolin Xu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Qirong Xiong
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Bing Ji
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Hong Yi
- Robert P. Apkarian Integrated Electron Microscopy Core, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Hongwei Duan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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Li Y, Lim E, Fields T, Wu H, Xu Y, Wang YA, Mao H. Improving Sensitivity and Specificity of Amyloid-β Peptides and Tau Protein Detection with Antibiofouling Magnetic Nanoparticles for Liquid Biopsy of Alzheimer’s Disease. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3595-3605. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuancheng Li
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1841 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Esther Lim
- Division of Research, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine−Georgia Campus, 625 Old Peachtree Road NW, Suwanee, Georgia 30039, United States
| | - Travis Fields
- Division of Research, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine−Georgia Campus, 625 Old Peachtree Road NW, Suwanee, Georgia 30039, United States
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1841 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Yaolin Xu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1841 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Y. Andrew Wang
- Ocean Nanotech, LLC, 7964 Arjons Drive, San Diego, California 92126, United States of America
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1841 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
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20
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Arias LS, Pessan JP, Vieira APM, Lima TMTD, Delbem ACB, Monteiro DR. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: A Perspective on Synthesis, Drugs, Antimicrobial Activity, and Toxicity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2018; 7:antibiotics7020046. [PMID: 29890753 PMCID: PMC6023022 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical applications and biotechnological advances, including magnetic resonance imaging, cell separation and detection, tissue repair, magnetic hyperthermia and drug delivery, have strongly benefited from employing iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) due to their remarkable properties, such as superparamagnetism, size and possibility of receiving a biocompatible coating. Ongoing research efforts focus on reducing drug concentration, toxicity, and other side effects, while increasing efficacy of IONPs-based treatments. This review highlights the methods of synthesis and presents the most recent reports in the literature regarding advances in drug delivery using IONPs-based systems, as well as their antimicrobial activity against different microorganisms. Furthermore, the toxicity of IONPs alone and constituting nanosystems is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Salomão Arias
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16015-050 Araçatuba/São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16015-050 Araçatuba/São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Miranda Vieira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16015-050 Araçatuba/São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Taynara Maria Toito de Lima
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD-Master's Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), 19050-920 Presidente Prudente/São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16015-050 Araçatuba/São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD-Master's Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), 19050-920 Presidente Prudente/São Paulo, Brazil.
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Khan FA, Almohazey D, Alomari M, Almofty SA. Impact of nanoparticles on neuron biology: current research trends. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2767-2776. [PMID: 29780247 PMCID: PMC5951135 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s165675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have enormous applications in textiles, cosmetics, electronics, and pharmaceuticals. But due to their exceptional physical and chemical properties, particularly antimicrobial, anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory properties, nanoparticles have many potential applications in diagnosis as well as in the treatment of various diseases. Over the past few years, nanoparticles have been extensively used to investigate their response on the neuronal cells. These nanoparticles cause stem cells to differentiate into neuronal cells and promote neuronal cell survivability and neuronal cell growth and expansion. The nanoparticles have been tested both in in vitro and in vivo models. The nanoparticles with various shapes, sizes, and chemical compositions mostly produced stimulatory effects on neuronal cells, but there are few that can cause inhibitory effects on the neuronal cells. In this review, we discuss stimulatory and inhibitory effects of various nanoparticles on the neuronal cells. The aim of this review was to summarize different effects of nanoparticles on the neuronal cells and try to understand the differential response of various nanoparticles. This review provides a bird's eye view approach on the effects of various nanoparticles on neuronal differentiation, neuronal survivability, neuronal growth, neuronal cell adhesion, and functional and behavioral recovery. Finally, this review helps the researchers to understand the different roles of nanoparticles (stimulatory and inhibitory) in neuronal cells to develop effective therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdos Alam Khan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana Almohazey
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Munthar Alomari
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Ameen Almofty
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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22
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Opoku-Damoah Y, Assanhou AG, Sooro MA, Baduweh CA, Sun C, Ding Y. Functional Diagnostic and Therapeutic Nanoconstructs for Efficient Probing of Circulating Tumor Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:14231-14247. [PMID: 29557165 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The circulation of tumor cells in peripheral blood is mostly recognized as a prerequisite for cancer progression or systemic invasion, and it correlates with the pivotal hallmark of malignancies known as metastasis. Multiple detection schemes for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have emerged as the most discerning criteria for monitoring the outcome of anticancer therapy. Therefore, there has been a tremendous increase in the use of robust nanostructured platforms for observation of these mobile tumor cells through various simultaneous diagnosis and treatment regimens developed from conventional techniques. This review seeks to give detailed information about the nature of CTCs as well as techniques for exploiting specific biomarkers to help monitor cancer via detection, capturing, and analysis of unstable tumor cells. We will further discuss nanobased diagnostic interventions and novel platforms which have recently been developed from versatile nanomaterials such as polymer nanocomposites, metal organic frameworks, bioderived nanomaterials and other physically responsive particles with desirable intrinsic and external properties. Herein, we will also include in vivo nanotheranostic platforms which have received a lot of attention because of their enormous clinical potential. In all, this review sums up the general potential of key promising nanoinspired systems as well as other advanced strategies under research and those in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw Opoku-Damoah
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology , The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Brisbane, QLD 4072
| | - Assogba G Assanhou
- UFR Pharmacie, Falculté des Sciences de la Santé , Université d'Abomey-Calavi , 01BP188 Cotonou , Benin
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Li Y, Xu Y, Fleischer CC, Huang J, Lin R, Yang L, Mao H. Impact of Anti-Biofouling Surface Coatings on the Properties of Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:9-24. [PMID: 29479429 PMCID: PMC5821433 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01695f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding and subsequently controlling non-specific interactions between engineered nanomaterials and biological environment have become increasingly important for further developing and advancing nanotechnology for biomedical applications. Such non-specific interactions, also known as the biofouling effect, mainly associate with the adsorption of biomolecules (such as proteins, DNAs, RNAs, and peptides) onto the surface of nanomaterials and the adhesion or uptake of nanomaterials by various cells. By altering the surface properties of nanomaterials the biofouling effect can lead to in situ changes of physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, functions, and toxicity of nanomaterials. This review provides discussions on the current understanding of the biofouling effect, the factors that affect the non-specific interactions associated with biofouling, and the impact of the biofouling effect on the performances and functions of nanomaterials. An overview of the development and applications of various anti-biofouling coating materials to preserve and improve the properties and functions of engineered nanomaterials for intended biomedical applications is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancheng Li
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yaolin Xu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Candace C Fleischer
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Run Lin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lily Yang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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24
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van Andel E, de Bus I, Tijhaar EJ, Smulders MMJ, Savelkoul HFJ, Zuilhof H. Highly Specific Binding on Antifouling Zwitterionic Polymer-Coated Microbeads as Measured by Flow Cytometry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:38211-38221. [PMID: 29064669 PMCID: PMC5682608 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Micron- and nano-sized particles are extensively used in various biomedical applications. However, their performance is often drastically hampered by the nonspecific adsorption of biomolecules, a process called biofouling, which can cause false-positive and false-negative outcomes in diagnostic tests. Although antifouling coatings have been extensively studied on flat surfaces, their use on micro- and nanoparticles remains largely unexplored, despite the widespread experimental (specifically, clinical) uncertainties that arise because of biofouling. Here, we describe the preparation of magnetic micron-sized beads coated with zwitterionic sulfobetaine polymer brushes that display strong antifouling characteristics. These coated beads can then be equipped with recognition elements of choice, to enable the specific binding of target molecules. First, we present a proof of principle with biotin-functionalized beads that are able to specifically bind fluorescently labeled streptavidin from a complex mixture of serum proteins. Moreover, we show the versatility of the method by demonstrating that it is also possible to functionalize the beads with mannose moieties to specifically bind the carbohydrate-binding protein concanavalin A. Flow cytometry was used to show that thus-modified beads only bind specifically targeted proteins, with minimal/near-zero nonspecific protein adsorption from other proteins that are present. These antifouling zwitterionic polymer-coated beads, therefore, provide a significant advancement for the many bead-based diagnostic and other biosensing applications that require stringent antifouling conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther van Andel
- Laboratory of Organic
Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen
University, De Elst 1, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ian de Bus
- Laboratory of Organic
Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J. Tijhaar
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen
University, De Elst 1, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten M. J. Smulders
- Laboratory of Organic
Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen
University, De Elst 1, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic
Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Denmark DJ, Hyde RH, Gladney C, Phan MH, Bisht KS, Srikanth H, Mukherjee P, Witanachchi S. Photopolymerization-based synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticle embedded PNIPAM nanogels for biomedical applications. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1317-1324. [PMID: 28906151 PMCID: PMC8241111 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1373164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional therapeutic techniques treat patients by delivering biotherapeutics to the entire body. With targeted delivery, biotherapeutics are transported to the afflicted tissue reducing exposure to healthy tissue. Targeted delivery devices are minimally composed of a stimuli responsive polymer allowing triggered release and magnetic nanoparticles enabling targeting as well as alternating magnetic field (AMF) heating. Although more traditional methods, like emulsion polymerization, have been used to realize such devices, the synthesis is problematic. For example, surfactants preventing agglomeration must be removed from the product increasing time and cost. Ultraviolet (UV) photopolymerization is more efficient and ensures safety by using biocompatible substances. Reactants selected for nanogel fabrication were N-isopropylacrylamide (monomer), methylene bis-acrylamide (crosslinker), and Irgacure 2959 (photoinitiator). The 10 nm superparamagnetic nanoparticles for encapsulation were composed of iron oxide. Herein, a low-cost, scalable, and rapid, custom-built UV photoreactor with in situ, spectroscopic monitoring system is used to observe synthesis. This method also allows in situ encapsulation of the magnetic nanoparticles simplifying the process. Nanogel characterization, performed by transmission electron microscopy, reveals size-tunable nanogel spheres between 40 and 800 nm in diameter. Samples of nanogels encapsulating magnetic nanoparticles were subjected to an AMF and temperature increase was observed indicating triggered release is possible. Results presented here will have a wide range of applications in medical sciences like oncology, gene delivery, cardiology, and endocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert H. Hyde
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Charlotte Gladney
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Manh-Huong Phan
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kirpal S. Bisht
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Kudr J, Haddad Y, Richtera L, Heger Z, Cernak M, Adam V, Zitka O. Magnetic Nanoparticles: From Design and Synthesis to Real World Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E243. [PMID: 28850089 PMCID: PMC5618354 DOI: 10.3390/nano7090243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The increasing number of scientific publications focusing on magnetic materials indicates growing interest in the broader scientific community. Substantial progress was made in the synthesis of magnetic materials of desired size, morphology, chemical composition, and surface chemistry. Physical and chemical stability of magnetic materials is acquired by the coating. Moreover, surface layers of polymers, silica, biomolecules, etc. can be designed to obtain affinity to target molecules. The combination of the ability to respond to the external magnetic field and the rich possibilities of coatings makes magnetic materials universal tool for magnetic separations of small molecules, biomolecules and cells. In the biomedical field, magnetic particles and magnetic composites are utilized as the drug carriers, as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and in magnetic hyperthermia. However, the multifunctional magnetic particles enabling the diagnosis and therapy at the same time are emerging. The presented review article summarizes the findings regarding the design and synthesis of magnetic materials focused on biomedical applications. We highlight the utilization of magnetic materials in separation/preconcentration of various molecules and cells, and their use in diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kudr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Yazan Haddad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Mirko Cernak
- CEPLANT R&D Centre for Low-Cost Plasma and Nanotechnology Surface Modifications, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, CZ-61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Orza A, Wu H, Xu Y, Lu Q, Mao H. One-Step Facile Synthesis of Highly Magnetic and Surface Functionalized Iron Oxide Nanorods for Biomarker-Targeted Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:20719-20727. [PMID: 28513139 PMCID: PMC8898331 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a one-step method for facile and sustainable synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanorods (or IONRs) with mean lengths ranging from 25 to 50 nm and mean diameters ranging from 5 to 8 nm. The prepared IONRs are highly stable in aqueous media and can be surface functionalized for biomarker-targeted applications. This synthetic strategy involves the reaction of iron(III) acetylacetonate with polyethyleneimine in the presence of oleylamine and phenyl ether, followed by thermal decomposition. Importantly, the length and diameter as well as the aspect ratio of the prepared IONRs can be controlled by modulating the reaction parameters. We show that the resultant IONRs exhibit stronger magnetic properties compared to those of the widely used spherical iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) at the same iron content. The increased magnetic properties are dependent on the aspect ratio, with the magnetic saturation gradually increasing from 10 to 75 emu g-1 when increasing length of the IONRs, 5 nm in diameter, from 25 to 50 nm. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast-enhancing effect, as measured in terms of the transverse relaxivity, r2, increased from 670.6 to 905.5 mM-1 s-1, when increasing the length from 25 to 50 nm. When applied to the immunomagnetic cell separation of the transferrin receptor (TfR)-overexpressed medulloblastoma cells using transferrin (Tf) as the targeting ligand, Tf-conjugated IONRs can capture 92 ± 3% of the targeted cells under a given condition (2.0 × 104 cells/mL, 0.2 mg Fe/mL concentration of magnetic materials, and 2.5 min of incubation time) compared to only 37 ± 2% when using the spherical IONPs, and 14 ± 2% when using commercially available magnetic beads, significantly improving the efficiency of separating the targeted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Orza
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
- Center for Systems Imaging, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
- Center for Systems Imaging, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Yaolin Xu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
- Center for Systems Imaging, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Qiong Lu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P. R. China
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
- Center for Systems Imaging, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
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