1
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Can Karaca A, Tan C, Assadpour E, Jafari SM. Recent advances in the plant protein-polyphenol interactions for the stabilization of emulsions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2025; 335:103339. [PMID: 39571482 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 10/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
Proteins from plant sources including legumes, cereals and oilseeds are gaining attention due to their suitability for sustainable production, functionality, and positive consumer perception. On the other hand, polyphenols (PPs) are receiving considerable attention as natural ingredients in the human diet due to their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies indicate that the emulsifying properties of plant proteins (PLPs) can be improved after modification through covalent and/or non-covalent interactions with PPs due to the changes in the conformation and/or the surface chemistry of the proteins. Complexes formed between PLPs-PPs can serve as innovative ingredients for developing novel food products with modified textural properties. Also, Pickering emulsions, multiple emulsions, multilayer emulsions, nanoemulsions, and high internal phase emulsions can be stabilized by such systems to deliver bioactive compounds. This paper reviews the most recent research on the PLP-PP interactions and their role in the stabilization of various emulsion-based systems. A special emphasis is given to modifying the structure and functionality of PLPs and PPs. The challenges and opportunities of applying PLP-PP interactions in emulsion-based systems are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Can Karaca
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Chen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education. China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Elham Assadpour
- Food Industry Research Co., Gorgan, Iran; Food and Bio-Nanotech International Research Center (Fabiano), Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran; Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Wang Z, Lan T, Jiang J, Song T, Liu J, Zhang H, Lin K. On the modification of plant proteins: Traditional methods and the Hofmeister effect. Food Chem 2024; 451:139530. [PMID: 38703723 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
With increasing consumer health awareness and demand from some vegans, plant proteins have received a lot of attention. Plant proteins have many advantages over animal proteins. However, the application of plant proteins is limited by a number of factors and there is a need to improve their functional properties to enable a wider range of applications. This paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of traditional methods of modifying plant proteins and the appropriate timing for their use, and collates and describes a method with fewer applications in the food industry: the Hofmeister effect. It is extremely simple but efficient in some respects compared to traditional methods. The paper provides theoretical guidance for the further development of plant protein-based food products and a reference value basis for improving the functional properties of proteins to enhance their applications in the food industry, pharmaceuticals and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Tiantong Lan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Tingyu Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Ke Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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3
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Shishir MRI, Suo H, Taip FS, Ahmed M, Xiao J, Wang M, Chen F, Cheng KW. Seed mucilage-based advanced carrier systems for food and nutraceuticals: fabrication, formulation efficiency, recent advancement, challenges, and perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:7609-7631. [PMID: 36919601 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2188564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Seed mucilages are potential sources of natural polysaccharides. They are biodegradable, biocompatible, sustainable, renewable, and safe for human consumption. Due to the desirable physicochemical and functional properties (e.g. gelling, thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying), seed mucilages have attracted extensive attention from researchers for utilization as a promising material for the development of advanced carrier systems. Seed mucilages have been utilized as natural polymers to improve the properties of various carrier systems (e.g. complex coacervates, beads, nanofibers, and gels) and for the delivery of diverse hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds (e.g. vitamins, essential oils, antioxidants, probiotics, and antimicrobial agents) to achieve enhanced stability, bioavailability, bioactivity of the encapsulated molecules, and improved quality attributes of food products. This review highlights the recent progress in seed mucilage-based carrier systems for food and nutraceutical applications. The main contents include (1) sources, extraction methods, and physicochemical and functional characteristics of seed mucilages, (2) application of seed mucilages for the development of advanced carrier systems, (3) major issues associated with carrier fabrication, and (4) mechanisms of carrier development, latest improvements in carrier formulation, carrier efficiency in the delivery of bioactive agents, and application in food and nutraceuticals. Furthermore, major challenges and future perspectives of seed mucilage-based carriers for a commercial application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rezaul Islam Shishir
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Suo
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Farah Saleena Taip
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Maruf Ahmed
- Department of Food Processing and Preservation, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Mingfu Wang
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ka-Wing Cheng
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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4
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Sharkawy A, Rodrigues AE. Plant gums in Pickering emulsions: A review of sources, properties, applications, and future perspectives. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121900. [PMID: 38431409 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increasing research interest in the development of Pickering emulsions stabilized with naturally derived biopolymeric particles. In this regard, plant gums, obtained as plant exudates or from plant seeds, are considered promising candidates for the development of non-toxic, biocompatible, biodegradable and eco-friendly Pickering stabilizers. The main objective of this review article is to provide a detailed overview and assess the latest advances in the formulation of Pickering emulsions stabilized with plant gum-based particles. The plant gum sources, types and properties are outlined. Besides, the current methodologies used in the production of plant gum particles formed solely of plant gums, or through interactions of plant gums with proteins or other polysaccharides are highlighted and discussed. Furthermore, the work compiles and assesses the innovative applications of plant gum-based Pickering emulsions in areas such as encapsulation and delivery of drugs and active agents, along with the utilization of these Pickering emulsions in the development of active packaging films, plant-based products and low-fat food formulations. The last part of the review presents potential future research trends that are expected to motivate and direct research to areas related to other novel food applications, as well as tissue engineering and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Sharkawy
- LSRE-LCM, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Alírio E Rodrigues
- LSRE-LCM, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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5
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Hou Y, Ding J, Guo Q, Zhang N. Nutritional Value and Structure Characterization of Protein Components of Corylus mandshurica Maxim. Molecules 2023; 28:6355. [PMID: 37687184 PMCID: PMC10489673 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative protein sources for the human diet may help overcome the growing food pressure. Plants with abundant resources and high protein content are potential sources. In this article, graded proteins and isolated proteins from Corylus mandshurica Maxim kernels were extracted by the Osborne procedure and the alkali-solution and acid-isolation method, respectively, and the contents of the five proteins, and the differences in nutritional value and structural properties of the main proteins, were investigated. Amino acid analysis revealed that the total essential amino acids in the five proteins ranged from 249.58 to 324.52 mg/g. The essential amino acid profiles in the proteins were similar to those of FAO/WHO except for the alcohol-soluble protein. The essential amino acid indices ranged from 58.59 to 72.19 and the biological values ranged from 52.16 to 66.99, and the highest nutritional indices were found for the isolate and water-soluble protein, which were 41.68 and 55.78, respectively. The molecular weight pattern distribution of the protein isolates of the Corylus mandshurica Maxim kernel was more similar to that of the water-soluble proteins by SDS-PAGE. The β-sheet and α-helix were the main secondary structures in the two protein fractions. The fluorescence spectra showed that the maximum fluorescence intensity of the two proteins and their λmax were also somewhat different. From the perspective of microscopic morphology, the two proteins are mainly compact and irregular lamellar structures, but the surface of the water-soluble protein is more flat and regular. Both proteins have good solubility, and the water-soluble protein has higher solubility. In general, the protein isolates of the Corylus mandshurica Maxim kernel and the water-soluble protein showed their potential as plant protein resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Hou
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Y.H.); (J.D.)
| | - Jie Ding
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Y.H.); (J.D.)
| | - Qingqi Guo
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Y.H.); (J.D.)
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China
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6
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Keramat M, Ehsandoost E, Golmakani MT. Recent Trends in Improving the Oxidative Stability of Oil-Based Food Products by Inhibiting Oxidation at the Interfacial Region. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061191. [PMID: 36981117 PMCID: PMC10048451 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, new approaches have been developed to limit the oxidation of oil-based food products by inhibiting peroxidation at the interfacial region. This review article describes and discusses these particular approaches. In bulk oils, modifying the polarity of antioxidants by chemical methods (e.g., esterifying antioxidants with fatty alcohol or fatty acids) and combining antioxidants with surfactants with low hydrophilic–lipophilic balance value (e.g., lecithin and polyglycerol polyricinoleate) can be effective strategies for inhibiting peroxidation. Compared to monolayer emulsions, a thick interfacial layer in multilayer emulsions and Pickering emulsions can act as a physical barrier. Meanwhile, high viscosity of the water phase in emulsion gels tends to hinder the diffusion of pro-oxidants into the interfacial region. Furthermore, applying surface-active substances with antioxidant properties (such as proteins, peptides, polysaccharides, and complexes of protein-polysaccharide, protein-polyphenol, protein-saponin, and protein-polysaccharide-polyphenol) that adsorb at the interfacial area is another novel method for enhancing oil-in-water emulsion oxidative stability. Furthermore, localizing antioxidants at the interfacial region through lipophilization of hydrophilic antioxidants, conjugating antioxidants with surfactants, or entrapping antioxidants into Pickering particles can be considered new strategies for reducing the emulsion peroxidation.
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7
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Effect of Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Solubility and Emulsifying Properties of Lupin Proteins (Lupinus luteus). COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids6040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Solubility and emulsifying properties are important functional properties associated with proteins. However, many plant proteins have lower techno-functional properties, which limit their functional performance in many formulations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of protein hydrolysis by commercial enzymes to improve their solubility and emulsifying properties. Lupin protein isolate (LPI) was hydrolyzed by 7 commercial proteases using different E/S ratios and hydrolysis times while the solubility and emulsifying properties were evaluated. The results showed that neutral and alkaline proteases are most efficient in hydrolyzing lupin proteins than acidic proteases. Among the proteases, Protamex® (alkaline protease) showed the highest DH values after 5 h of protein hydrolysis. Meanwhile, protein solubility of LPI hydrolysates was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than untreated LPI at all pH analyzed values. Moreover, the emulsifying capacity (EC) of undigested LPI was lower than most of the hydrolysates, except for acidic proteases, while emulsifying stability (ES) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than most LPI hydrolysates by acidic proteases, except for LPI hydrolyzed with Acid Stable Protease with an E/S ratio of 0.04. In conclusion, the solubility, and emulsifying properties of lupin (Lupinus luteus) proteins can be improved by enzymatic hydrolysis using commercial enzymes.
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8
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Mueed A, Shibli S, Korma SA, Madjirebaye P, Esatbeyoglu T, Deng Z. Flaxseed Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Composition, Functional Properties, Food Applications and Health Benefits-Related Gut Microbes. Foods 2022; 11:3307. [PMCID: PMC9602266 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) has gained worldwide recognition as a health food because of its abundance in diverse nutrients and bioactive compounds such as oil, fatty acids, proteins, peptides, fiber, lignans, carbohydrates, mucilage, and micronutrients. These constituents attribute a multitude of beneficial properties to flaxseed that makes its use possible in various applications, such as nutraceuticals, food products, cosmetics, and biomaterials. The importance of these flaxseed components has also increased in modern times because of the newer trend among consumers of greater reliance on a plant-based diet for fulfilling their nutritional requirements, which is perceived to be hypoallergenic, more environmentally friendly, sustainable, and humane. The role of flaxseed substances in the maintenance of a healthy composition of the gut microbiome, prevention, and management of multiple diseases has recently been elucidated in various studies, which have highlighted its importance further as a powerful nutritional remedy. Many articles previously reported the nutritive and health benefits of flaxseed, but no review paper has been published reporting the use of individual flaxseed components in a manner to improve the techno-functional properties of foods. This review summarizes almost all possible applications of flaxseed ingredients in food products from an extensive online literature survey; moreover, it also outlines the way forward to make this utilization even better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mueed
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Sahar Shibli
- National Agriculture Research Center, Food Science Research Institute, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sameh A. Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Philippe Madjirebaye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.E.); (Z.D.); Tel.: +49-5117625589 (T.E.); +86-791-88304402 (Z.D.)
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Correspondence: (T.E.); (Z.D.); Tel.: +49-5117625589 (T.E.); +86-791-88304402 (Z.D.)
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9
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Dash DR, Singh SK, Singha P. Recent advances on the impact of novel non-thermal technologies on structure and functionality of plant proteins: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3151-3166. [PMID: 36218326 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2130161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The recent trend in consumption of plant-based protein over animal protein opens up a new avenue for sustainable agriculture practice, less environmental impact and greenhouse gas emission. The modification of plant-based proteins by novel non-thermal technologies includes the structural transformation followed by the modulation of their functional properties that are exploited to develop a protein ingredient system for application in food formulation. This review explores the impact of non-thermal process technologies on structural modification of plant proteins followed by improvement in protein's function in food formulation. Novel concepts articulating the impact of non-thermal technologies on structural and functional modification of plant proteins affecting it's digestibility and bioavailability are addressed. Limitations and prospects of applying non-thermal technologies in developing an alternative plant-based protein food system are also summarized. Non-thermal processes are considered as the emerging technologies that results in conformational changes in secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of plant proteins which helps in modification of functional properties without jeopardizing the organoleptic properties and bioactivity of the protein. However, extensive future study is needed to optimize the non-thermal process parameters along with the finding of new protein sources to achieve healthy and sustainable plant-based food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibya Ranjan Dash
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Poonam Singha
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
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Peng D, Ye J, Jin W, Yang J, Geng F, Deng Q. A review on the utilization of flaxseed protein as interfacial stabilizers for food applications. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China
- Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Jieting Ye
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Food and Biological Engineering Chengdu University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China
- Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition Wuhan Hubei People's Republic of China
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11
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Shanthakumar P, Klepacka J, Bains A, Chawla P, Dhull SB, Najda A. The Current Situation of Pea Protein and Its Application in the Food Industry. Molecules 2022; 27:5354. [PMID: 36014591 PMCID: PMC9412838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum) is an important source of nutritional components and is rich in protein, starch, and fiber. Pea protein is considered a high-quality protein and a functional ingredient in the global industry due to its low allergenicity, high protein content, availability, affordability, and deriving from a sustainable crop. Moreover, pea protein has excellent functional properties such as solubility, water, and oil holding capacity, emulsion ability, gelation, and viscosity. Therefore, these functional properties make pea protein a promising ingredient in the food industry. Furthermore, several extraction techniques are used to obtain pea protein isolate and concentrate, including dry fractionation, wet fractionation, salt extraction, and mild fractionation methods. Dry fractionation is chemical-free, has no loss of native functionality, no water use, and is cost-effective, but the protein purity is comparatively low compared to wet extraction. Pea protein can be used as a food emulsifier, encapsulating material, a biodegradable natural polymer, and also in cereals, bakery, dairy, and meat products. Therefore, in this review, we detail the key properties related to extraction techniques, chemistry, and structure, functional properties, and modification techniques, along with their suitable application and health attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvathy Shanthakumar
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Joanna Klepacka
- Department of Commodity Science and Food Analysis, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 2, 10719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aarti Bains
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Prince Chawla
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Sanju Bala Dhull
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable and Herbal Crops, University of Life Science in Lublin, Doświadczalna Street 51A, 20280 Lublin, Poland
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12
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Song T, Liu H, Monto AR, Shi T, Yuan L, Gao R. Improvement of Storage Stability of Zein-Based Pickering Emulsions by the Combination of Konjac Glucomannan and L-Lysine. Front Nutr 2022; 9:955272. [PMID: 35898718 PMCID: PMC9309815 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.955272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, L-lysine (Lys) was employed together with konjac glucomannan (KGM) to fabricate zein colloidal particles (ZCPs) aimed at enhancing the storage stability of Pickering emulsions. With the addition of Lys, zein-Lys colloidal particles (ZLCPs) and zein-Lys-KGM (ZLKCPs) exhibited smaller particle size (133.64 ± 1.43, 162.54 ± 3.51 nm), polydispersity index (PDI) (0.10 ± 0.029, 0.13 ± 0.022), π value, and more adsorbed protein. Meanwhile, KGM underwent deamidation in an alkaline solution, so the emulsions stabilized by ZLKCPs exhibited a solid gel-like structure with higher storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G′′), leading to lower fluidity and better stability. The synergistic effects of Lys and KGM improved the stability of the emulsion. Hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds were the main driving forces forming colloidal particles, which were determined by driving force analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Abdul Razak Monto
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tong Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Li Yuan,
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Ruichang Gao,
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13
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Qin X, Li L, Yu X, Deng Q, Xiang Q, Zhu Y. Comparative Composition Structure and Selected Techno-Functional Elucidation of Flaxseed Protein Fractions. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131820. [PMID: 35804636 PMCID: PMC9265867 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to comparatively elucidate the composition structure and techno-functionality of flaxseed protein isolate (FPI), globulin (FG), and albumin (FA) fractions. The results showed that FA possessed smaller particle dimensions and superior protein solubility compared to that of FG (p < 0.05) due to the lower molecular weight and hydrophobicity. FA and FG manifested lamellar structure and nearly spherical morphology, respectively, whereas FPI exhibited small lamellar strip structure packed by the blurring spheres. The Far-UV CD, FTIR spectrum, and intrinsic fluorescence confirmed more flexible conformation of FA than that of FG, followed by FPI. The preferential retention of free phenolic acids was observed for FA, leading to excellent antioxidant activities compared with that of FG in FPI (p < 0.05). FA contributed to the foaming properties of FPI, relying on the earlier interfacial adsorption and higher viscoelastic properties. FA displayed favorable emulsifying capacity but inferior stability due to the limited interfacial adsorption and deformation, as well as loose/porous interface. By comparison, an interlayer anchoring but no direct interface coating was observed for lipid droplets constructed by FG, thereby leading to preferable emulsion stability. However, FPI produced lipid droplets with dense interface owing to the effective migration of FA and FG from bulk phase, concomitant with the easy flocculation and coalescence. Thus, the techno-functionality of flaxseed protein could be tailed by modulating the retention of albumin fraction and specific phenolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Qin
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Linbo Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiao Yu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (Q.D.)
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (Q.D.)
| | - Qisen Xiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yingying Zhu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.)
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14
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Puligundla P, Lim S. A Review of Extraction Techniques and Food Applications of Flaxseed Mucilage. Foods 2022; 11:1677. [PMID: 35741874 PMCID: PMC9223220 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed contains significant concentration of mucilage or gum (a type of hydrocolloid). Flaxseed mucilage (FM) predominantly occurs in the outermost layer of the seed's hull and is known to possess numerous health benefits such as delayed gastric emptying, reduced serum cholesterol, and improved glycemic control. FM is typically composed of an arabinoxylan (neutral in nature) and a pectic-like material (acidic in nature). Similar to gum arabic, FM exhibits good water-binding capacity and rheological properties (similar functionality); therefore, FM can be used as its replacement in foods. In this review, an overview of methods used for FM extraction and factors influencing the extraction yield were discussed initially. Thereafter, food applications of FM as gelling agent/gel-strengthening agent, structure-forming agent, stabilizing agent, fat replacer, anti-retrogradation agent, prebiotic, encapsulating agent, edible coatings and films/food packaging material, and emulsifier/emulsion stabilizer were included. At the end, some limitations to its wide application and potential solutions were added.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seokwon Lim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
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15
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Keramat M, Kheynoor N, Golmakani MT. Oxidative stability of Pickering emulsions. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100279. [PMID: 35284815 PMCID: PMC8914557 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stability of O/W Pickering emulsions depends on their interfacial layer. Solid particles can reduce Pickering emulsion oxidation by creating a thick interface. Manipulating the charge of the interface can control Pickering emulsion oxidation. Adding antioxidants to solid particles can reduce oxidation in Pickering emulsions.
In recent years, Pickering emulsions have been the focus of growing interest because of their possible role as alternatives to conventional emulsions. Some reviews have investigated the physical stability of Pickering emulsions, but the oxidative stability of these emulsions remains largely unexplored. In this review, the oxidation mechanism and factors affecting lipid oxidation rates in Pickering emulsions are discussed. Then, different food-grade solid particles are evaluated for their ability to stabilize Pickering emulsions. Finally, several strategies are reviewed for improving the oxidative stability of Pickering emulsions. These strategies are based on efforts to manipulate the physical and chemical properties of the interfacial layer, increase the concentration of antioxidants at the interfacial layer through incorporating them into solid particles, cause oil droplets to crowd at high packing fractions, trap oil droplets in a gel network and increase the viscosity of the continuous phase.
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16
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Wang S, Zhou B, Yang X, Niu L, Li S. Tannic acid enhanced the emulsion stability, rheology and interface characteristics of
Clanis Bilineata Tingtauica Mell
protein stabilised oil‐in‐water emulsion. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio‐process, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601 China
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Ministry of Education/School of Food and Biological Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Ministry of Education/School of Food and Biological Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Xinquan Yang
- School of Life Sciences Guangzhou University Guangzhou 511442 China
| | - Liqiong Niu
- School of Life Sciences Guangzhou University Guangzhou 511442 China
| | - Shugang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Bio‐process, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601 China
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Ministry of Education/School of Food and Biological Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
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Gomes A, Sobral PJDA. Plant Protein-Based Delivery Systems: An Emerging Approach for Increasing the Efficacy of Lipophilic Bioactive Compounds. Molecules 2021; 27:60. [PMID: 35011292 PMCID: PMC8746547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of plant protein-based delivery systems to protect and control lipophilic bioactive compound delivery (such as vitamins, polyphenols, carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids) has increased interest in food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical fields. The quite significant ascension of plant proteins from legumes, oil/edible seeds, nuts, tuber, and cereals is motivated by their eco-friendly, sustainable, and healthy profile compared with other sources. However, many challenges need to be overcome before their widespread use as raw material for carriers. Thus, modification approaches have been used to improve their techno-functionality and address their limitations, aiming to produce a new generation of plant-based carriers (hydrogels, emulsions, self-assembled structures, films). This paper addresses the advantages and challenges of using plant proteins and the effects of modification methods on their nutritional quality, bioactivity, and techno-functionalities. Furthermore, we review the recent progress in designing plant protein-based delivery systems, their main applications as carriers for lipophilic bioactive compounds, and the contribution of protein-bioactive compound interactions to the dynamics and structure of delivery systems. Expressive advances have been made in the plant protein area; however, new extraction/purification technologies and protein sources need to be found Their functional properties must also be deeply studied for the rational development of effective delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andresa Gomes
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), University of São Paulo, Rua do Lago, 250, Semi-Industrial Building, Block C, São Paulo 05508-080, Brazil
| | - Paulo José do Amaral Sobral
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), University of São Paulo, Rua do Lago, 250, Semi-Industrial Building, Block C, São Paulo 05508-080, Brazil
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18
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Yang J, Wen C, Duan Y, Deng Q, Peng D, Zhang H, Ma H. The composition, extraction, analysis, bioactivities, bioavailability and applications in food system of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) oil: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Song T, Xiong Z, Shi T, Monto AR, Yuan L, Gao R. Novel Fabrication of Zein-Soluble Soybean Polysaccharide Nanocomposites Induced by Multifrequency Ultrasound, and Their Roles on Microstructure, Rheological Properties and Stability of Pickering Emulsions. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040166. [PMID: 34698201 PMCID: PMC8544383 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, soluble soybean polysaccharides (SSPS) were employed together with multifrequency ultrasound to fabricate zein nanocomposites which were conducive to enhancing the stability of high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). Compared with non-ultrasonic treated zein colloidal particle samples (132.23 ± 0.85 nm), the zein nanoparticles samples induced by dual-frequency ultrasound exhibited a smaller particle size (114.54 ± 0.23 nm). Furthermore, the particle size of the zein composite nanoparticles (256.5 ± 4.81) remarkably increased with SPSS coating, consequently leading to larger fluorescence intensity together with lower zeta-potential (-21.90 ± 0.46 mv) and surface hydrophobicity (4992.15 ± 37.28). Meanwhile, zein-SSPS composite nanoparticles induced by DFU showed remarkably enhanced thermal stability. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy were also used to characterize zein-SSPS composite nanoparticles. The results confirmed that DFU combined with SSPS treatment significantly increased β-sheets (from 12.60% ± 0.25 b to 21.53% ± 0.37 c) and reduced α-helix content (34.83% ± 0.71 b to 23.86% ± 0.66 a) remarkably. Notably, HIPEs prepared from zein-SSPS nanocomposites induced by dual-frequency simultaneous ultrasound (DFU) at 40/60 kHz showed better storage stability. HIPEs stabilized by DFU induced zein-SSPS nanoparticles exhibited higher storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G″), leading to lower fluidity, together with better stability contributing to the water-binding capacity and three-dimensional (3D) network structure of the HIPEs emulsion. The findings of this study indicate that this method can be utilized and integrated to further extend the application of zein and SSPS and explore HIPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (T.S.); (Z.X.); (T.S.); (A.R.M.)
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Zhiyu Xiong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (T.S.); (Z.X.); (T.S.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Tong Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (T.S.); (Z.X.); (T.S.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Abdul Razak Monto
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (T.S.); (Z.X.); (T.S.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (T.S.); (Z.X.); (T.S.); (A.R.M.)
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (R.G.); Tel.: +86-511-887-802-01 (Y.L. & R.G.)
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (T.S.); (Z.X.); (T.S.); (A.R.M.)
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (R.G.); Tel.: +86-511-887-802-01 (Y.L. & R.G.)
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20
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Huang Y, Xiang X, Luo X, Li X, Yu X, Li S. Study on the emulsification and oxidative stability of ovalbumin-pectin-pumpkin seed oil emulsions using ovalbumin solution prepared by ultrasound. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 78:105717. [PMID: 34509956 PMCID: PMC8441206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Pumpkin seed oil (PSO), which is a valuable compound with high nutritional value used for the prevention of various chronic diseases, is prone to oxidation. In this work, small and uniform (su) ovalbumin (OVA) and pectin (PEC) were used to stabilize PSO in the form of an emulsion. The results showed that suOVA-PEC-PSO emulsion with a droplet size of 9.82 ± 0.05 μm was successfully self-assembled from PSO, PEC, and suOVA solution (with a droplet size of 230.13 ± 14.10 nm) treated with 300 W ultrasound, owing to the formation of a more stable interfacial film on the surface of droplets. The interfacial, rheological, emulsifying, and antioxidant properties of the suOVA-PES-PSO emulsions were excellent, owing to the synergistic effects between PEC and suOVA solution. Moreover, the physical stability of the suOVA-PEC-PSO emulsions to salt stress, a freeze-thaw cycle, and heat treatment was also increased and the oxidation of linolenic acid was notably delayed. These results have extended the food-related applications of OVA and PSO, and provide a promising foundation for further exploration of the self-assembly of composite emulsions by small and uniform proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Technology/School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xiaole Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoying Luo
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Technology/School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Xiongwei Yu
- Wuhan Xudong Food Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Shugang Li
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Technology/School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China.
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21
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Modification approaches of plant-based proteins to improve their techno-functionality and use in food products. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Shi J, Xiao J, Liu L, Dong X. Ultrasonic assisted oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by flaxseed protein isolate: influence of different oils. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2021.1880923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Junxia Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuyan Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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23
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Kassem IAA, Joshua Ashaolu T, Kamel R, Elkasabgy NA, Afifi SM, Farag MA. Mucilage as a functional food hydrocolloid: ongoing and potential applications in prebiotics and nutraceuticals. Food Funct 2021; 12:4738-4748. [PMID: 34100507 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00438g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucilage is a soluble dietary fiber used as a food additive to give foods a firmer texture, aside from its many health benefits and pharmacological properties. It is a polysaccharide in nature, composed of large molecules of sugars and uronic acid moieties. The extraction of mucilage is achieved from a wide variety of plant parts, including rhizomes, roots, and seeds, and it has also been reported from microorganisms. In this review, the nutritional and medicinal applications of mucilage are described in the context of the different mucilage types. The current article highlights state-of-the-art valorization practices relating to mucilage and its potential novel usages in the food industry and nutraceuticals, and as a prebiotic, in addition to its nutritional and anti-nutritional values. Analysis of the prebiotic action of mucilage with respect to its structure activity relationship, as well as how it modulates gut bacteria, is presented for the first time and in the context of its known health benefits inside the colon. It is recommended that more investigations are carried out to maximize the health benefits of mucilage and ensure its safety, especially upon long-term usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman A A Kassem
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam and Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Rabab Kamel
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Nermeen A Elkasabgy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Sherif M Afifi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt. and Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
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24
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Sridharan S, Meinders MBJ, Bitter JH, Nikiforidis CV. On the Emulsifying Properties of Self-Assembled Pea Protein Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:12221-12229. [PMID: 32988196 PMCID: PMC7586397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pea proteins are promising oil-in-water emulsifying agents at both neutral and acidic conditions. In an acidic environment, pea proteins associate to form submicrometer-sized particles. Previous studies suggested that the emulsions at acidic pH were stabilized due to a Pickering mechanism. However, protein particles can be in equilibrium with protein molecules, which could play a significant role in the stabilization of emulsion droplets. Therefore, we revisited the emulsion stabilization mechanism of pea proteins at pH 3 and investigated whether the protein particles or the protein molecules are the major emulsifying agent. The theoretical and experimental surface load of dispersed oil droplets were compared, and we found that protein particles can cover only 3.2% of the total oil droplet surface, which is not enough to stabilize the droplets, whereas protein molecules can cover 47% of the total oil droplet surface. Moreover, through removing protein particles from the mixture and emulsifying with only protein molecules, the contributions of pea protein molecules to the emulsifying properties of pea proteins at pH 3 were evaluated. The results proved that the protein molecules were the primary stabilizers of the oil droplets at pH 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simha Sridharan
- Biobased
Chemistry and Technology (BCT), Wageningen
University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- TiFN, Nieuwe Kanaal 9A, 6709 PA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel B. J. Meinders
- Wageningen
Food and Biobased Research (FBR), Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H. Bitter
- Biobased
Chemistry and Technology (BCT), Wageningen
University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Constantinos V. Nikiforidis
- Biobased
Chemistry and Technology (BCT), Wageningen
University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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25
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Sarkar A, Dickinson E. Sustainable food-grade Pickering emulsions stabilized by plant-based particles. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Drozłowska E, Bartkowiak A, Łopusiewicz Ł. Characterization of Flaxseed Oil Bimodal Emulsions Prepared with Flaxseed Oil Cake Extract Applied as a Natural Emulsifying Agent. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2207. [PMID: 32993070 PMCID: PMC7600428 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, a majority of oilseeds plants are converted into byproducts and waste materials during processing. Press cakes are rich in valuable biopolymers, such as proteins and polysaccharides (fiber, lignans, etc.). In this study flaxseed oil cake extract (FOCE) was used to stabilize flaxseed oil-in-water emulsions. The effect of FOCE with various flaxseed oil concentrations (10-50% v/v) on several physicochemical properties of emulsions, such as stability, rheology, color and particle size was investigated. The rheological parameters suggested that all samples were non-Newtonian fluids, whereas particle size measurements and calculation SPAN index provided information about the broadness of emulsions particle size distribution. FOCE was able to efficiently stabilize oil/water interfaces with a high oil content. Results obtained for FOCE were compared with effects for synthetic emulsifier (Tween 80) and separated FOCE compounds (flaxseed gum and flaxseed protein). FOCE emulsifying activity is a result of different water-holding and oil-binding capacities of flaxseed gum and protein. This result is an intriguing conclusion regarding the necessity for using pure emulsifiers, showing the possibility of using a bio-based extract containing biopolymers, which is part of the principles of circular economy and the idea of zero-waste. The results give the opportunity to use FOCE as an ingredient in efficient flaxseed oil emulsions stabilizer for food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Drozłowska
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (A.B.); (Ł.Ł.)
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27
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Encapsulation of Lactobacillus casei in alginate microcapsules: improvement of the bacterial viability under simulated gastrointestinal conditions using flaxseed mucilage. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00437-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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28
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Sedaghat Doost A, Nikbakht Nasrabadi M, Goli SAH, van Troys M, Dubruel P, De Neve N, Van der Meeren P. Maillard conjugation of whey protein isolate with water-soluble fraction of almond gum or flaxseed mucilage by dry heat treatment. Food Res Int 2020; 128:108779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Drozłowska E, Łopusiewicz Ł, Mężyńska M, Bartkowiak A. Valorization of Flaxseed Oil Cake Residual from Cold-Press Oil Production as a Material for Preparation of Spray-Dried Functional Powders for Food Applications as Emulsion Stabilizers. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E153. [PMID: 31963518 PMCID: PMC7023501 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed oil cake extract (residual from cold-press oil production and rich in proteins and polysaccharides) was evaluated as a potential substrate for the preparation of spray-dried powders with emulsifying activity. Three variants of powders were obtained using different spray-drying process inlet temperatures: 160 °C, 180 °C, and 200 °C. The influence of temperature on physicochemical features (water holding capacity, oil binding capacity, water activity, solubility, color, chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and surface morphology) of the powders was estimated. Additionally, the emulsifying activity of the powders and the stability of oil-in-water emulsions prepared with their various content (0.5%, 1%, and 3%) were determined. Results showed that inlet temperature had significant influence on all physicochemical and functional properties of the powders. Increased inlet temperature decreased solubility and antioxidant activity but increased water-holding capacity, oil-binding capacity, and emulsifying activity. The emulsions prepared with the powder obtained at 200 °C showed the highest stability. SEM images showed the production of relatively spherical particles which were folded or wrinkled with a lot of dentures. This study could open a promising pathway for producing natural and plant-based spray-dried powders for food applications as emulsion stabilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Łukasz Łopusiewicz
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (E.D.); (M.M.); (A.B.)
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