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Lopez MM, Naragon-Gainey K, Conway CC. Defining distress tolerance in a structural model of Big Five personality domains. J Pers 2024. [PMID: 38829002 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Distress tolerance (DT)-willingness to face internal discomforts-has a fuzzy boundary with neuroticism (low emotional stability), raising questions about its independent role in models of personality and mental health. METHOD We investigated DT's overlap with neuroticism and other Big Five factors in a structural model of personality and personality disorder features in samples of university students (N = 1025), emotional disorder patients (N = 225), and substance-use patients (N = 210). RESULTS In exploratory factor analyses, we found that DT indicators clustered with neuroticism and were essentially unrelated to other Big Five domains. Big Five personality dimensions collectively explained approximately 40%-70% of variation in DT, across different samples and methods of quantifying shared variance. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that DT and neuroticism are near neighbors in empirical space and speculate that much of the observed correlation between DT and mental health outcomes in the literature may be carried by shared neuroticism variance. We suggest that clearer distinctions between the two constructs in empirical research could improve our understanding of DT's unique role in the development and treatment of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Martin Lopez
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Kristin Naragon-Gainey
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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2
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Caiado B, Santos D, Pereira B, Góis AC, Canavarro MC, Moreira H. The Factorial Structure, Psychometric Properties and Sensitivity to Change of the Distress Tolerance Scale for Children with Emotional Disorders. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:115. [PMID: 38255428 PMCID: PMC10814728 DOI: 10.3390/children11010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) was adapted for American and Chinese youth, but never for European youth. Moreover, the factor structures found in these previous studies were not consistent. METHODS The DTS was adapted for Portuguese children and then validated among 153 children aged 6-13 years with emotional disorders. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted; the DTS reliability and validity were analyzed, and sex and age differences were explored. A sub-sample of children who received a transdiagnostic CBT (Unified Protocol for Children) was used to analyze the DTS's sensitivity to therapeutic change. RESULTS The five tested models (based on previous studies) exhibited adequate fit in the CFA. However, the model previously reported for use in American children with emotional disorders was selected as the most appropriate. The DTS demonstrated adequate psychometric properties, and its validity was established through significant negative associations with measures of anxiety, depression and negative affect, as well as positive associations with positive affect. Age and sex differences were discussed. The DTS scores significantly increased from pre- to post-treatment, demonstrating sensitivity to therapeutic change. CONCLUSIONS The DTS is a suitable and useful measure for assessing children's distress tolerance and to assess the efficacy of CBT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Helena Moreira
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.C.); (D.S.); (B.P.); (A.C.G.); (M.C.C.)
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3
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Pyszkowska A, Celban J, Nowacki A, Dubiel I. Maladaptive daydreaming, emotional dysregulation, affect and internalized stigma in persons with borderline personality disorder and depression disorder: A network analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023; 30:1246-1255. [PMID: 37932952 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Maladaptive daydreaming (MD) manifests through experiences of excessive, long-lasting daydreaming resulting in significant suffering, including isolation, distress and shame. Considering that one of its functions is a distraction from painful feelings, it is linked with escapism and plays a significant role in disorders associated with emotional dysregulation, maintaining negative symptoms, including internalized stigmatization and social withdrawal. The current study aimed to examine cognitive (internalized stigma), affective (affect, anhedonia, emotional dysregulation) and behavioural (escapism) aspects of MD in borderline personality disorder (BPD) and depression groups. The sample consisted of 188 persons, including 102 individuals with BPD. The results showed higher scores in emotional dysregulation, internalized stigma and escapism in the BPD group compared to the depression group; the subgroups did not vary in MD rates. The network analysis revealed significant differences between groups in variables dynamics, with links between MD and self-suppression escapism, negative affect in the BPD group and MD with self-suppression escapism and social withdrawal in the depression group. Emotionally dysregulation and internalized stigma factors posed as the most robust expected influence components in both networks, suggesting that the cognitive and affective factors, not strictly behavioural, are pivotal for one's functioning and regulation strategies in the groups studied. The current study allows for clinical implications in interventions focused on persons developing MD and emotional dysregulation symptoms, including persons with BPD and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pyszkowska
- Department of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Julia Celban
- Department of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ari Nowacki
- Department of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Izabela Dubiel
- Department of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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4
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Southward MW, Howard KP, Christensen Pacella KA, Cheavens JS. Protective factors in borderline personality disorder: A multi-study analysis of conscientiousness, distress tolerance, and self-compassion. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:589-598. [PMID: 37392944 PMCID: PMC10528710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a growing literature characterizing risk factors associated with the development and maintenance of borderline personality disorder (BPD), substantially less is known about potentially protective factors in BPD. METHODS In a sample of online (N = 272) participants with likely BPD, major depressive disorder (MDD), or no disorder (ND) and an independent sample of in-person (N = 90) participants diagnosed with BPD, MDD, or ND, we tested the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among BPD features and three putatively protective personality, cognitive, and affective-behavioral factors: conscientiousness, self-compassion, and distress tolerance. RESULTS Only conscientiousness was significantly lower in BPD than MDD (ds: .67-.73) across both studies and more strongly related to BPD features (rs: -.68 to -.59) than MDD symptoms (rs: -.49 to -.43) in dimensional analyses across both studies. However, in a multiple regression analysis including all three factors in Study 1, only self-compassion predicted decreases in BPD features (β = -.28) and MDD symptoms (β = -.21) over one month. LIMITATIONS Study 1 participants completed all measures online and exhibited some differential attrition at one month follow-up. Study 2 participants were all diagnosed by one trained assessor and the smaller sample size limited our power to detect effects. CONCLUSIONS Low conscientiousness may be most strongly related to BPD, whereas self-compassion may be a prospective transdiagnostic protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen P Howard
- Division of Mental Health, Milwaukee VA Medical Center, United States of America; Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | - Jennifer S Cheavens
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, United States of America
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5
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Chauhan K, Donahue J, Thompson R. The predictive validity of the DSM-5 alternative model for borderline personality disorder: Associations with coping strategies, general distress, rumination, and suicidal ideation across one year. Personal Ment Health 2023; 17:272-281. [PMID: 36919337 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) characterizes borderline personality disorder (BPD) in part as a constellation of maladaptive personality trait facets including emotional lability, anxiousness, separation insecurity, depressivity, impulsivity, risk-taking, and hostility. Previous studies have supported the construct validity of AMPD-BPD; however, research examining its predictive validity in relation to theoretically and clinically relevant constructs remains needed. The present study investigates the longitudinal relationships between AMPD-BPD and general distress, rumination, and suicidal ideation, as well as adaptive and maladaptive coping targeted in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) in a sample of participants with elevated BPD symptomology. We also examined if dysfunctional coping skill use at 9-month follow-up explained the relationship between baseline BPD traits and outcomes at 1-year. There were significant correlations between baseline trait BPD with dysfunctional coping skill use at 9-month follow-up and psychological distress and rumination at 1-year follow-up. Dysfunctional skill use exhibited a significant indirect effect in the association between trait BPD and rumination after 1 year. The findings of this study support the construct validity of AMPD-BPD that can inform treatment and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Chauhan
- Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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6
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Broos HC, Stamatis CA, Goodman Z, Llabre MM, Zvolensky M, Timpano KR. Situational uncertainty interacts with anxiety sensitivity and distress intolerance to predict anticipated worry and preparation for a hurricane. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2023; 36:241-258. [PMID: 35238689 PMCID: PMC9936893 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2045013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence for the impact of emotional intolerance on reactivity to stressors, but it is unknown whether the level of situational uncertainty may moderate this relationship. We examined whether situational uncertainty moderated the relationship between emotional intolerance and anticipated anxious responding to hurricane forecasts, considering three aspects of emotional tolerance: anxiety sensitivity, distress intolerance, and hurricane-specific distress intolerance. METHODS Participants (N = 358) were Florida residents who experienced Hurricane Irma. Participants were presented with two hypothetical storm forecasts that varied in level of uncertainty: 5-day forecast (high uncertainty) and 3-day forecast (low uncertainty). Participants rated their anticipated worry and preparation for each forecast. RESULTS Significant interactions between forecast uncertainty and both anxiety sensitivity and hurricane-specific distress intolerance emerged on anticipated worry, such that there was a stronger relationship in the high uncertainty condition. Forecast uncertainty also moderated the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and anticipated preparation in the same direction. There were no significant interactions between forecast uncertainty and distress intolerance on either anticipated worry or preparation. CONCLUSIONS Specific aspects of emotional intolerance appear to have a stronger influence on anticipated worry and preparatory behavior in high uncertainty situations. These findings suggest that distinct emotional tolerance factors may influence these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C. Broos
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
| | - Caitlin A. Stamatis
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 750 N. Lake Shore Dr, 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Zachary Goodman
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
| | - Maria M. Llabre
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
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Li W, Cong X, Fan Z, Li F. A Study on Intergenerational Transmission of Dark Triad and Emotion Reactivity. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:2941-2956. [PMID: 36237372 PMCID: PMC9552791 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s378078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Moderate emotion reactivity in the face of daily stress is of positive significance regarding individuals’ psychological well-being and environmental adaptation. The study on intergenerational transmission of Dark Triad and emotion reactivity has confirmed the existence of higher levels of Dark Triad and emotion reactivity in college students in the Chinese sample, which may provide a reference for future related studies. Purpose The study examined the intergenerational transmission effects of Dark Triad and Emotion Reactivity in families. And based on this, it further analyzed the mediating role of parental emotion reactivity and children’s Dark Triad in the influence of parental Dark Triad on children’s emotion reactivity. Methods The questionnaire was administered to 486 families inclusive of fathers, mothers, and children utilizing the Emotion Reactivity Scale (ERS) and the Dirty Dozen (DD). Results 1) The intergenerational transmission was presented in the three Dark Triad traits and emotion reactivity. 2) The level of Dark Triad and emotion reactivity of children was remarkably higher than that of their parents. 3) The Dark Triad scores of males were considerably higher than those of females, while there were no significant differences in the scores of emotion reactivity between them. 4) The actor and partner effects of Dark Triad and emotion reactivity between father and mother were established. 5) Parental emotion reactivity and children’s Dark Triad exerted mediating effects on the impact of parental Dark Triad on children’s emotion reactivity. Conclusion The effect of parental three Dark Triad on their children’s emotion reactivity as well as its mediation mechanism were examined respectively by the present study in the light of APIM and intergenerational transmission analysis. It was concluded that the findings carried both theoretical and reference value for developing moderate emotion reactive ability toward college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Education, Jilin International Studies University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangxin Cong
- Department of Education, Jilin International Studies University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiguang Fan
- Department of Education, Jilin International Studies University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Zhiguang Fan, Department of Education, Jilin International Studies University, 3658 Jingyue Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130117, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-0431-84924101, Fax +86 1 594-831-4623, Email
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Marxism, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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Mattingley S, Youssef GJ, Manning V, Graeme L, Hall K. Distress tolerance across substance use, eating, and borderline personality disorders: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 300:492-504. [PMID: 34986376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distress tolerance (DT) has received increased attention in recent years due to its purported role in dysregulated behaviours and their clinical manifestations, such as problematic substance use (PSU), disordered eating behaviours (e.g., binge-eating and purging; DEB), and borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptomatology. Despite the proposed transdiagnostic utility of DT across PSU, DEB, and BPD, there has yet to be a systematic and comprehensive examination characterising and comparing its association with this class of impulsive-type psychopathology. METHODS A systematic search was conducted across five electronic databases using search terms designed to capture extant literature on the association between DT and PSU, DEB, and BPD symptomatology. A series of meta-analyses were undertaken on correlation coefficients from 81 studies to examine the association between DT and each psychopathology domain, as well as impulsive-type psychopathology overall. Moderator analyses were conducted to examine whether these relationships were moderated by DT measurement type, sample type, age, and gender. RESULTS DT shared significant, negative, medium correlations with PSU (r = -.18,), DEB (r = -.20), and BPD symptomatology (r = -.27). The magnitude of these associations was not significantly different across the three psychopathology domains, supporting transdiagnostic conceptualisation. DT measurement type, age, and sample type moderated several of these indicated relationships. LIMITATIONS The majority of studies were conducted in adult samples from Western countries, limiting understanding of these relationships across development and different cultures. CONCLUSIONS The present findings support the putative transdiagnostic role of DT across PSU, DEB, and BPD, which may ultimately inform novel, cross-cutting interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George J Youssef
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, School of Psychology; Centre for Drug Use, Addictive, and Anti-social Behaviour Research (CEDAAR), Deakin University, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Victoria Manning
- Monash Addiction Research Centre (MARC), Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health, Australia
| | - Liam Graeme
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, School of Psychology
| | - Kate Hall
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, School of Psychology; Centre for Drug Use, Addictive, and Anti-social Behaviour Research (CEDAAR), Deakin University, Australia.
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9
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Hatzopoulos K, Boyes M, Hasking P. Relationships between dimensions of emotional experience, rumination, and nonsuicidal self-injury: An application of the Emotional Cascade Model. J Clin Psychol 2021; 78:692-709. [PMID: 34529842 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Emotional Cascade Model posits that nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) functions to distract from cascades of intense negative emotion and rumination. We investigated the moderating role of rumination in the relationships between reactivity, intensity, and perseveration of emotion and NSSI. METHOD University students (N = 992) completed self-report measures of self-injury, emotional reactivity, intensity and perseveration, and rumination. RESULTS Together, the dimensions of negative emotion were associated with NSSI, but none contributed unique variance. For positive emotion, reactivity was negatively associated with history of self-injury and perseveration was negatively associated with frequency of the behaviour. Rumination was associated with NSSI, but did not moderate associations between the dimensions of negative emotion and self-injury. Rumination moderated the relationship between perseveration of positive emotion and history of NSSI, such that it was only significant at high levels of rumination. CONCLUSION Findings highlight the importance of dimensions of positive emotion in understanding self-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Hatzopoulos
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mark Boyes
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Penelope Hasking
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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10
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Clarifying associations between triarchic psychopathic traits, distress intolerance, and functions of aggression. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Scamaldo KM, Tull MT, Gratz KL. Motives for opioid use explain the relation between borderline personality disorder pathology and opioid use problems. Psychiatry Res 2021; 296:113609. [PMID: 33418458 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite the established relations between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and substance use problems in general, there is a dearth of research on the relation between BPD pathology and opioid use problems, as well as factors that may explain this relation. Therefore, this study examined the indirect relations of BPD pathology to opioid use problems (i.e., prescription opioid misuse, apprehension about prescription opioid use, and opioid cravings) through motives for opioid use (i.e., coping, enhancement, social, and conformity motives) among 68 patients endorsing prescription opioid misuse in a residential correctional substance use disorder (SUD) treatment facility. Participants completed measures of BPD pathology, motives for opioid use, and opioid use problems. Findings revealed significant indirect relations of BPD pathology to opioid misuse through coping and enhancement motives, apprehension about opioid use through coping, enhancement, and social motives, and opioid cravings through coping motives within this SUD sample. Results illustrate the relevance of both emotion- and interpersonal-related motives for opioid use to opioid use problems among patients with BPD pathology in SUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew T Tull
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Kim L Gratz
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA..
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12
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Bertsch K, Back S, Flechsenhar A, Neukel C, Krauch M, Spieß K, Panizza A, Herpertz SC. Don't Make Me Angry: Frustration-Induced Anger and Its Link to Aggression in Women With Borderline Personality Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:695062. [PMID: 34122197 PMCID: PMC8195331 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.695062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggression is a prominent interpersonal dysfunction of individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). In BPD aggression is predominantly reactive in nature, often triggered by frustration, provocation, or social threat and is associated with intense anger and an inability to regulate this strong, negative emotion. Building on previous research, we were interested in investigating negative emotionality in general and anger in particular in women with BPD before and after frustration induction. To achieve this, 60 medication-free women with BPD and 32 healthy women rated the intensity of negative emotions (angry, frustrated, upset, embarrassed, nervous) before and after performing a Titrated Mirror Tracing Task, which reliably induces frustration and distress. As expected, women with BPD reported significantly greater intensity of negative emotions before and after frustration than healthy women. Specifically, they showed a significantly stronger frustration-induced increase in anger, while other negative emotions remained unaffected by frustration induction. This anger increase was significantly related to aggressive behavior reported in the 2 weeks prior to the experiment, as well as to the level of frustration experienced in the experiment itself, but not with emotion dysregulation. The current data confirm the important role of frustration-induced anger independent of emotion dysregulation in BPD, in particular with regard to aggression, a prominent interpersonal dysfunction of this disorder. These findings underline the importance of interventions with particular focus on anger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Bertsch
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of General Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Back
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Aleya Flechsenhar
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Corinne Neukel
- Department of General Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marlene Krauch
- Department of General Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karen Spieß
- Department of General Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angelika Panizza
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine C Herpertz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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van der Tempel J, McDermott K, Niepage M, Afifi TO, McMain S, Jindani F, Singer I, Paniak I, Anwer S, Menezes K, Lobo D, Zack M. Examining the effects of mindfulness practice and trait mindfulness on gambling symptoms in women with gambling disorder: a feasibility study. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2019.1686766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan van der Tempel
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katelin McDermott
- Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Mark Niepage
- Factor-Inwentash Faulty of Social Work, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tracie O. Afifi
- Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Farah Jindani
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ian Singer
- Centre for MindBody Health, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Sana Anwer
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Daniela Lobo
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Martin Zack
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
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14
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Conway CC, Penrod MT, Pugsley GM, Larrazabal MA, Snyder CE. Cross-Domain Assessment of Distress Intolerance: Associations With Borderline Personality Disorder Features. J Pers Disord 2019; 33:560-575. [PMID: 30307823 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2018_32_359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Distress tolerance (DT) is central to major etiological theories of, and popular treatments for, borderline personality disorder (PD), but empirical evidence for the connection between DT and borderline PD is inconclusive. Such inconsistency is partly due to limited concordance across DT indices from different measurement domains (e.g., behavioral, physiological). In a student sample (N = 267), we assessed subjective perceptions of DT capabilities, task performance on a distressing laboratory challenge, and borderline pathology. Subjective and behavioral indices of DT were largely unrelated. Further, borderline PD features were moderately associated with self-perceived DT (r = -.53); in contrast, they were weakly related to performance on the DT task (r = -.09). We conclude that there is mixed evidence for an association between borderline pathology and DT. Further, we propose a systematic approach to examining the construct validity of DT in multimethod, multimeasure research that might resolve the equivocal results from prior work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Casey E Snyder
- Department of Psychology, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia
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15
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Emotional reactivity, intensity, and perseveration: Independent dimensions of trait affect and associations with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Methylation Status of the Serotonin Transporter Promoter CpG Island Is Associated With Major Depressive Disorder in Chinese Han Population: A Case-Control Study. J Nerv Ment Dis 2017; 205:641-646. [PMID: 27668354 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between the methylation status of serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in Chinese Han population. A total of 96 patients with MDD and 55 healthy volunteers were recruited, and the methylation index (MtI) at six positions in the cytosine-phosphate-guanosine island of 5-HTT gene was measured for each subject using bisulfite pyrosequencing. MtIs at positions 5 and 6 were higher in patients with MDD than those in controls. According to the multivariable logistic regression analysis, MtIs at positions 4 and 5 were significantly associated with MDD. Besides, depression education was an independent risk factor, whereas higher educational levels were protective factors for MDD. In addition, positions 1 and 4 were negatively correlated with weight and diurnal variation. Therefore, 5-HTT methylation might be closely related with MDD in Chinese Han population because of the correlation with diurnal variation and weight.
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Borges AM, Dahne J, Lim AC, MacPherson L. Negative affect mediates the relation between trait urgency and behavioral distress tolerance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 17:707-716. [PMID: 28080084 DOI: 10.1037/emo0000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Distress tolerance is associated with a range of psychopathology and risk-taking behavior. Current research suggests that the behavioral ability to persist at goal-directed behavior when distressed may be malleable. However, little is known about the contributing factors that underlie individual differences in distress tolerance. Trait urgency, or the tendency to act impulsively in the context of acute changes in affect, may predict distress tolerance because the prepotent response to avoid or remove an aversive state may undermine persistence. To date, most research has examined the role of negative urgency, a valenced subfactor of urgency, in relation to distress tolerance. However, the broad trait of urgency may be associated with a greater change in affect that precedes the inability to tolerate distress. The current study examined whether greater changes in negative affect was indeed a mediator in the relationship between trait urgency and behavioral distress tolerance. The effects of both positive and negative urgency on affect change were examined to investigate the potential contribution of the broader urgency trait. The results suggest that a greater change in negative affect over the course of a stressor mediated the association between both subfactors of urgency and distress tolerance. These findings suggest that trait urgency, regardless of valence, may be associated with experiencing greater changes in affect that ultimately undermine the ability to tolerate distress. These findings also highlight important components of distress tolerance that could inform behavioral interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Dahne
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Aaron C Lim
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
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Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) enhances distress tolerance and resilience through changes in mindfulness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mhp.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Szuhany KL, Otto MW. Contextual Influences on Distress Intolerance: Priming Effects on Behavioral Persistence. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2015; 39:499-507. [PMID: 26366022 PMCID: PMC4564134 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-015-9672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Distress intolerance (DI), the inability to tolerate stressful experiences, has been linked to multiple psychiatric conditions and maladaptive coping patterns. Although DI is often considered a trait-like variable, evidence indicates that self-report and behavioral indices of DI can be manipulated by contextual factors. Understanding such contextual influences is important given evidence of unexpected variability in these presumed trait-like measures over brief intervals. The current study examined the influence of context (manipulated by priming concepts of "Interminability" and "Brevity") in predicting behavioral persistence, in relation to self-reported DI. Results indicated that priming Brevity was associated with terminating a cold-pressor task more quickly. Self-reported DI was linked to earlier termination, but there was no interaction between self-reported DI and priming condition. Results indicate that contextual cues modulate performance on behavioral measures of DI. Hence, models of DI should consider both trait-like and contextual factors in understanding variability in DI measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Szuhany
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 648 Beacon St., 5 Floor, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | - Michael W Otto
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 648 Beacon St., 5 Floor, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
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Kiselica AM, Rojas E, Bornovalova MA, Dube C. The Nomological Network of Self-Reported Distress Tolerance. Assessment 2014; 22:715-29. [DOI: 10.1177/1073191114559407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Distress tolerance (DT), or the ability to withstand psychological distress, is a popular construct in the psychological literature. However, research has not specified the nomological network of DT across self-report measures. The purpose of the current investigation was to understand what personality features, environmental stressors, current affective states, and behaviors contribute to DT in two different samples: college students and those in residential substance use treatment. Correlations revealed that self-reported DT was most strongly associated with trait negative emotionality, state negative affect, impulsivity, and perceived stress. In comparisons across samples, self-harm exhibited a stronger relationship with self-reported DT in the drug treatment than in the student sample, whereas perceived stress had a stronger association in the student sample. Correlations between self-report and behavioral measures of DT were nonsignificant. To understand this lack of associations, associations of outcomes with behavioral measures were assessed. In contrast to self-reported DT, behavioral DT was more closely related to achievement orientation, state negative affect, and state positive affect, but was not significantly related to psychopathology and maladaptive behaviors. It is necessary to continue investigating the construct validity of behavioral DT measures via the use of incremental utility analyses and experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chad Dube
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Martín-Blanco A, Soler J, Villalta L, Feliu-Soler A, Elices M, Pérez V, Arranz MJ, Ferraz L, Alvarez E, Pascual JC. Exploring the interaction between childhood maltreatment and temperamental traits on the severity of borderline personality disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55:311-8. [PMID: 24262124 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment and temperamental traits play a role in the development of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). The aim of the present study was to assess the involvement and the interrelationship of both factors in the clinical severity of BPD. METHOD The self-reported history of childhood trauma, psychobiological temperamental traits, and severity of BPD symptoms were evaluated in 130 subjects with BPD. RESULTS Approximately 70% of the sample reported some form of abuse or neglect. Childhood maltreatment inversely correlated with sociability, but no correlation was observed with the other temperamental traits. The regression model showed that neuroticism-anxiety and aggression-hostility traits, as well as emotional abuse, were risk factors independently associated with the severity of BPD. Sexual abuse was not associated with the severity of the disorder. Finally, the interaction between high neuroticism-anxiety traits and the presence of severe emotional abuse was associated with BPD severity. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the interaction between temperamental traits and childhood emotional abuse has an influence not only on the development but also on the severity of BPD. Further studies are needed to identify more biological and environmental factors associated with the severity of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martín-Blanco
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Soler
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Villalta
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Feliu-Soler
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilde Elices
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Pérez
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Jesús Arranz
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Liliana Ferraz
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Alvarez
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Pascual
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
Following Linehan's biosocial model, we conceptualize emotion dysregulation in borderline personality disorder (BPD) as consisting of four components: emotion sensitivity, heightened and labile negative affect, a deficit of appropriate regulation strategies, and a surplus of maladaptive regulation strategies. We review the evidence supporting each of these components. Given the complexity of the construct of emotion dysregulation and its involvement in many disorders, there is a need for research that specifies which components of emotion dysregulation are under study and also examines the interplay amongst these emotion dysregulation components.
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Mehrotra S, Tripathi R. Affect intensity and negative mood regulation (NMR) expectancies: a preliminary Indian study. Asian J Psychiatr 2012; 5:137-43. [PMID: 22813656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Individuals differ in the intensity with which they typically experience affect as well as in their beliefs regarding their ability to alleviate negative mood states. These variables have been implicated in a range of clinical problems. Most studies utilize a single index of affect intensity. The differential correlates of positive and negative affect intensity, their association with negative mood regulation expectancy and their role as predictors of psychological outcomes have been insufficiently explored. This study aimed at exploring the relationship of affect intensity variables with negative mood regulation (NMR) expectancy, their association with age and gender and examining the role of affect intensity and NMR expectancy as predictors of stress and well being in a community sample of Indian adults. The sample consisted of 206 participants aged between 20 and 60 years. Higher age was associated with higher NMR expectancy but lower positive affect intensity. Positive and negative affect intensity showed differential patterns of association with NMR expectancy. Higher negative affect intensity was associated with lower NMR expectancy whereas higher positive affect intensity was associated with higher NMR expectancy. Affect intensity and NMR expectancy variables jointly predicted 30-39% of variance in perceived stress and well being. Implications for further research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Mehrotra
- Dept of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, Bangalore 29, India.
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Bornovalova MA, Gratz KL, Daughters SB, Hunt ED, Lejuez CW. Initial RCT of a distress tolerance treatment for individuals with substance use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 2012; 122:70-6. [PMID: 21983476 PMCID: PMC3288895 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological distress tolerance, the ability to persist in goal directed activity when experiencing psychological distress, is associated with poor substance use treatment outcomes including drug and alcohol treatment dropout and relapse. OBJECTIVE The current study examines if a brief distress tolerance intervention that was specifically developed as an adjunctive treatment for patients in residential substance abuse treatment shows efficacy in improving the patients' distress tolerance. METHODS Seventy-six individuals who were receiving treatment at a residential substance use treatment facility and indexed low distress tolerance on laboratory distress tolerance measures were randomized into three conditions: treatment-as-usual (TAU), six sessions of Supportive Counseling (SC), or six sessions of the novel distress tolerance treatment, Skills for Improving Distress Intolerance (SIDI). MEASURES Patients were assessed at baseline for DSM-IV psychiatric diagnoses, DSM-IV substance use disorders, distress tolerance, and depressive symptoms. Patients were again assessed at posttreatment. Therapeutic alliance and treatment expectancies and credibility were also assessed at posttreatment. RESULTS Patients who received SIDI (n=28) evidenced significantly greater improvements than SC (n=24) and TAU participants (n=24) on the distress tolerance laboratory measures, even when controlling for changes in negative affect (in the form of depression). Additionally, a higher percentage of patients in SIDI reached clinically significant improvement compared to patients in SC and TAU. CONCLUSION This study supports the efficacy of SIDI in improving distress tolerance levels among individuals with drug and alcohol use disorders currently receiving residential substance use treatment. SIDI appears to be a brief and feasible intervention for use within inpatient substance use facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Bornovalova
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, United
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