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Kaur S, Morales-Hidalgo P, Voltas N, Canals-Sans J. Cluster analysis of teachers report for identifying symptoms of autism spectrum and/or attention deficit hyperactivity in school population: EPINED study. Autism Res 2024; 17:1027-1040. [PMID: 38641914 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
An early detection of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs) is crucial for their prognosis; however, the clinical heterogeneity of some disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an obstacle to accurate diagnoses in children. In order to facilitate the screening process, the current study aimed to identify symptom-based clusters among a community-based sample of preschool and school-aged children, using behavioral characteristics reported by teachers. A total of 6894 children were assessed on four key variables: social communication differences, restricted behavior patterns, restless-impulsiveness, and emotional lability (pre-schoolers) or inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity (school-aged). From these behavioral profiles, four clusters were identified for each age group. A cluster of ASD + ADHD and others including children with no pathology was clearly identified, whereas two other clusters were characterized by subthreshold ASD and/or ADHD symptoms. In the school-age children, the presence of ADHD was consistently observed with ASD patterns. In pre-schoolers, teachers were more proficient at identifying children who received a diagnosis for either ASD and/or ADHD from an early stage. Considering the significance of early detection and intervention of NDDs, teachers' insights are important. Therefore, promptly identifying subthreshold symptoms in children can help to minimize consequences in social and academic functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanpreet Kaur
- Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Paula Morales-Hidalgo
- Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Education Studies, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Voltas
- Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Serra Húnter Fellow, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josefa Canals-Sans
- Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
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2
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Jallow J, Halt AH, Kerkelä M, Hurtig T, Miettunen J. Association of temperament and character traits with ADHD and its comorbidities. Nord J Psychiatry 2024; 78:64-70. [PMID: 37772465 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2023.2262994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that personality traits may be associated with ADHD and comorbid concerns. We investigated temperament and character traits associated with internalizing and externalizing comorbidities in adolescents with or without ADHD. METHODS The population consisted of a subsample (n = 457) of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986) that comprised 16-year-old adolescents with and without symptoms of ADHD. ADHD and psychiatric comorbidities were assessed using the Kiddie-SADS-PL and temperament and character profiles were determined with TCI-125. Outcomes were examined using Pearson's chi-square test, Analyses of Covariance and Cohen's d. RESULTS The adolescents with ADHD endorsed more novelty seeking and less persistence, self-directedness, and cooperativeness than those without. Comparison of the personality traits and psychiatric comorbidities with the ADHD cases showed that comorbidities did not particularly affect the temperament and character profiles, but rather ADHD accounted for the differences between the personality traits. However, the temperament and character traits predicted externalizing and internalizing psychiatric disorders in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal unique comorbidity-related temperament factors, which may have implications for adaptive and personalizing intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jandeh Jallow
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anu-Helmi Halt
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Martta Kerkelä
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuula Hurtig
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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3
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Deserno MK, Bathelt J, Groenman AP, Geurts HM. Probing the overarching continuum theory: data-driven phenotypic clustering of children with ASD or ADHD. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:1909-1923. [PMID: 35687205 PMCID: PMC10533623 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-01986-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The clinical validity of the distinction between ADHD and ASD is a longstanding discussion. Recent advances in the realm of data-driven analytic techniques now enable us to formally investigate theories aiming to explain the frequent co-occurrence of these neurodevelopmental conditions. In this study, we probe different theoretical positions by means of a pre-registered integrative approach of novel classification, subgrouping, and taxometric techniques in a representative sample (N = 434), and replicate the results in an independent sample (N = 219) of children (ADHD, ASD, and typically developing) aged 7-14 years. First, Random Forest Classification could predict diagnostic groups based on questionnaire data with limited accuracy-suggesting some remaining overlap in behavioral symptoms between them. Second, community detection identified four distinct groups, but none of them showed a symptom profile clearly related to either ADHD or ASD in neither the original sample nor the replication sample. Third, taxometric analyses showed evidence for a categorical distinction between ASD and typically developing children, a dimensional characterization of the difference between ADHD and typically developing children, and mixed results for the distinction between the diagnostic groups. We present a novel framework of cutting-edge statistical techniques which represent recent advances in both the models and the data used for research in psychiatric nosology. Our results suggest that ASD and ADHD cannot be unambiguously characterized as either two separate clinical entities or opposite ends of a spectrum, and highlight the need to study ADHD and ASD traits in tandem.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Deserno
- Dutch Autism and ADHD Research Centre (d'Arc), Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
| | - J Bathelt
- Dutch Autism and ADHD Research Centre (d'Arc), Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | - A P Groenman
- Dutch Autism and ADHD Research Centre (d'Arc), Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H M Geurts
- Dutch Autism and ADHD Research Centre (d'Arc), Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Leo Kannerhuis, Amsterdam (Youz, Parnassiagroep), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Piccardi ES, Gliga T. Understanding sensory regulation in typical and atypical development: The case of sensory seeking. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2022.101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Lin X, He T, Heath M, Chi P, Hinshaw S. A Systematic Review of Multiple Family Factors Associated with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10866. [PMID: 36078582 PMCID: PMC9517877 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is characterized by a recurrent pattern of angry/irritable emotional lability, argumentative/defiant behavior, and vindictiveness. Previous studies indicated that ODD typically might originate within a maladaptive family environment, or was at least maintained within such an environment. As such, the present review summarized pertinent research from the last 20 years that focused on the pathways connecting family risk factors to the development of child ODD symptoms. A systematic search of electronic databases was completed in August 2020, resulting in the inclusion of 62 studies in the review. The review established a multi-level framework to describe the mechanisms underlying the pathway from familial factors to ODD psychopathological symptoms: (a) the system level that is affected by the family's socioeconomic status and family dysfunction; (b) the dyadic level that is affected by conflict within the marital dyad and parent-child interactions; and (c) the individual level that is affected by parent and child factors. Additionally, from the perspective of family systems theory, we pay special attention to the interactions among and between the various levels of the pathway (moderation and mediation) that might be associated with the occurrence and severity of ODD symptoms. Considering future prevention and intervention efforts, this three-level model emphasizes the necessity of focusing on familial risk factors at multiple levels and the mechanisms underlying the proposed pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Lin
- School of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ting He
- School of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Melissa Heath
- McKay School of Education, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Peilian Chi
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Stephen Hinshaw
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Shephard E, Zuccolo PF, Idrees I, Godoy PBG, Salomone E, Ferrante C, Sorgato P, Catão LFCC, Goodwin A, Bolton PF, Tye C, Groom MJ, Polanczyk GV. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: The Science of Early-Life Precursors and Interventions for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 61:187-226. [PMID: 33864938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate which early neurocognitive and behavioral precursors are associated with the development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and whether these are currently targeted in early interventions. METHOD We conducted 2 systematic reviews and meta-analyses of empirical studies to examine the following: (1) early-life (0-5 years) neurocognitive and behavioral precursors associated with familial likelihood for ADHD, an early ADHD diagnosis/elevated ADHD symptoms, and/or the presence of later-childhood ADHD; and (2) interventions delivered to children aged 0 to 5 years targeting the identified precursors or measuring these as outcomes. Standardized mean differences (Hedges' g) and pre-post-treatment change scores (SMD) were computed. RESULTS A total of 149 studies (165,095 participants) investigating 8 neurocognitive and behavioral domains met inclusion criteria for part 1. Multi-level random-effects meta-analyses on 136 studies revealed significant associations between ADHD and poorer cognitive (g = -0.46 [95% CIs: -0.59, -0.33]), motor (g = -0.35 [CIs: -0.48, -0.21]) and language (g = -0.43 [CIs: -0.66, -0.19]) development, social (g = 0.23 [CIs: 0.03, 0.43]) and emotional (g = 0.46 [CIs: 0.33, 0.58]) difficulties, early regulatory (g = 0.30 [CIs: 0.18, 0.43]) and sleep (g = 0.29 [CIs: 0.14, 0.44]) problems, sensory atypicalities (g = 0.52 [CIs: 0.16, 0.88]), elevated activity levels (g = 0.54 [CIs: 0.37, 0.72]), and executive function difficulties (g = 0.34 [CIs: 0.05, 0.64] to -0.87 [CIs: -1.35, -0.40]). A total of 32 trials (28 randomized, 4 nonrandomized, 3,848 participants) testing early interventions that targeted the identified precursors met inclusion criteria for part 2. Multi-level random-effects meta-analyses on 22 studies revealed significant intervention-related improvements in ADHD symptoms (SMD = 0.43 [CIs: 0.22, 0.64]) and working memory (SMD = 0.37 [CIs: 0.06, 0.69]). CONCLUSION Children aged 0 to 5 years with current or later-emerging ADHD are likely to experience difficulties in multiple neurocognitive/behavioral functions. Early interventions show some effectiveness in reducing ADHD symptoms, but their effects on neurocognitive/behavioral difficulties require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Shephard
- Drs. Shephard, Zuccolo, Prof. Polanczyk, Ms. Godoy, and Mr. Catão are with Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Drs. Shephard, Goodwin, Tye, and Prof. Bolton are with Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Pedro F Zuccolo
- Drs. Shephard, Zuccolo, Prof. Polanczyk, Ms. Godoy, and Mr. Catão are with Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iman Idrees
- Ms. Idrees and Dr. Groom are with Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Priscilla B G Godoy
- Drs. Shephard, Zuccolo, Prof. Polanczyk, Ms. Godoy, and Mr. Catão are with Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erica Salomone
- Dr. Salomone and Mss. Ferrante and Sorgato are with the University of Milan-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Camilla Ferrante
- Dr. Salomone and Mss. Ferrante and Sorgato are with the University of Milan-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Paola Sorgato
- Dr. Salomone and Mss. Ferrante and Sorgato are with the University of Milan-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Luís F C C Catão
- Drs. Shephard, Zuccolo, Prof. Polanczyk, Ms. Godoy, and Mr. Catão are with Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amy Goodwin
- Drs. Shephard, Goodwin, Tye, and Prof. Bolton are with Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick F Bolton
- Drs. Shephard, Goodwin, Tye, and Prof. Bolton are with Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, United Kingdom; Prof. Bolton is also with The Maudsley NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health, King's College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Tye
- Drs. Shephard, Goodwin, Tye, and Prof. Bolton are with Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine J Groom
- Ms. Idrees and Dr. Groom are with Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Guilherme V Polanczyk
- Drs. Shephard, Zuccolo, Prof. Polanczyk, Ms. Godoy, and Mr. Catão are with Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Ucuz I, Uzun Cicek A, Cansel N, Kilic B, Colak C, Percinel Yazici I, Kilic F, Kucukakcali Z. Can Temperament and Character Traits Be Used in the Diagnostic Differentiation of Children With ADHD? J Nerv Ment Dis 2021; 209:905-910. [PMID: 34310522 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In this study, it was aimed to determine the contributions of temperament and character traits to the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Thirty-six patients between the ages of 9 and 14 with a diagnosis of combined type ADHD and 39 healthy children were included in the study. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version-Turkish Version and the Turgay DSM-IV Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale parent form were used to assess hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattentiveness, and comorbid disorders. The Junior Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised form was used to evaluate temperament-character traits. The classification-based association rules (CBARs) method was used for finding rules predicting ADHD accurately. Low persistence and self-directedness scores, and higher disorderliness and fatigability subgroup scores were found in the ADHD group. In CBARs, the separation of children with ADHD from healthy controls could be made with 0.83 accuracy, 0.80 sensitivity, and 0.86 specificity. The results of our study support the view that temperament-character traits can help clinical diagnosis of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Ucuz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University
| | - Ayla Uzun Cicek
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University
| | - Neslihan Cansel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya
| | - Bahar Kilic
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Hospital, Elaziğ
| | - Cemil Colak
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya
| | - Ipek Percinel Yazici
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elaziğ, Turkey
| | - Fatma Kilic
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya
| | - Zeynep Kucukakcali
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya
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8
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Johnson CA, Garnett EO, Chow HM, Spray GJ, Zhu DC, Chang SE. Developmental Factors That Predict Head Movement During Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in 3-7-Year-Old Stuttering and Non-stuttering Children. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:753010. [PMID: 34803590 PMCID: PMC8595248 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.753010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood marks a period of dynamic neurocognitive development. Preschool-age coincides with the onset of many childhood disorders and is a developmental period that is frequently studied to determine markers of neurodevelopmental disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used to explore typical brain development and the neural bases of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, acquiring high-quality MRI data in young children is challenging. The enclosed space and loud sounds can trigger unease and cause excessive head movement. A better understanding of potential factors that predict successful MRI acquisition would increase chances of collecting useable data in children with and without neurodevelopmental disorders. We investigated whether age, sex, stuttering status, and childhood temperament as measured using the Child Behavioral Questionnaire, could predict movement extent during resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) in 76 children aged 3–7 years, including 42 children who stutter (CWS). We found that age, sex, and temperament factors could predict motion during rs-fMRI scans. The CWS were not found to differ significantly from controls in temperament or head movement during scanning. Sex and age were significant predictors of movement. However, age was no longer a significant predictor when temperament, specifically effortful control, was considered. Controlling for age, boys with higher effortful control scores moved less during rs-fMRI procedures. Additionally, boys who showed higher negative affectivity showed a trend for greater movement. Considering temperament factors in addition to age and sex may help predict the success of acquiring useable rs-fMRI (and likely general brain MRI) data in young children in MR neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A Johnson
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Emily O Garnett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ho Ming Chow
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Gregory J Spray
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - David C Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Cognitive Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Soo-Eun Chang
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Sánchez-Pérez N, Putnam SP, Gartstein MA, González-Salinas C. ADHD and ODD Symptoms in Toddlers: Common and Specific Associations with Temperament Dimensions. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2020; 51:310-320. [PMID: 31624999 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-019-00931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the relationship between temperament and signs of psychopathology in typically developing toddlers. More specifically, Attentional Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) symptoms were analyzed in connection with fine-grained temperament dimensions. The sample was composed of 65 toddlers aged between 18 and 35 months. Bivariate correlations showed that higher levels of negative emotionality and approach tendencies, and lower levels of inhibitory control, were related to more ADHD and ODD manifestations. Bivariate correlations also indicated unique associations: lower levels of soothability were associated with higher ODD symptoms, whereas lower attentional focusing and low-intensity pleasure were related with higher ADHD symptoms. Additionally, regression and path analysis models indicated that ADHD was predominantly associated with attentional focusing and motor activation whereas ODD was most closely related to frustration. Our findings highlight the relevance of studying early correlates of psychopathological manifestations to identify children who could benefit from prevention and early intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Sánchez-Pérez
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | | | - Maria A Gartstein
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Carmen González-Salinas
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Education, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Melegari MG, Sette S, Vittori E, Mallia L, Devoto A, Lucidi F, Ferri R, Bruni O. Relations Between Sleep and Temperament in Preschool Children With ADHD. J Atten Disord 2020; 24:535-544. [PMID: 29468918 DOI: 10.1177/1087054718757645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the links between temperament and sleep in a group of preschoolers with ADHD. Method: Twenty-five ADHD (M = 5.37 years, SD = 1.09) and 22 typically developing (TD; M = 5.10, SD = 1.18) preschoolers participated in the study. Sleep was assessed with the Sleep Disturbance Scale and wrist actigraphy. The Preschool Temperament and Character Inventory (PsTCI) was used to evaluate the child temperament. Results: ADHD children showed a temperamental profile characterized by higher novelty seeking, lower persistence, self-directness, and cooperativeness and marginally lower harm avoidance (HA) compared with controls. HA was associated negatively to wakefulness after sleep onset and sleep fragmentation and positively with sleep efficiency and sleep time. Reward dependence was negatively associated with wake episode length. Conclusion: Sleep and temperament are correlated in preschoolers with ADHD and temperament might represent an intermediate endophenotype underlying the relation between ADHD and sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Vittori
- Centro Ricerca e Cura Balbuzie e disturbi della voce e del linguaggio, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Raffaele Ferri
- Oasi Institute (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a carattere scientifico), Troina, Italy
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Nof A, Dolev T, Leibovich L, Harel J, Zilcha-Mano S. If you believe that breaking is possible, believe also that fixing is possible: a framework for ruptures and repairs in child psychotherapy. RESEARCH IN PSYCHOTHERAPY (MILANO) 2019; 22:364. [PMID: 32913784 PMCID: PMC7451353 DOI: 10.4081/ripppo.2019.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Safran and Muran's classic theoretical framework of alliance rupture and repair suggests effective techniques for repairing alliance ruptures. Accumulating empirical evidence suggests that successful processes of rupture and repair result in better therapeutic outcome and reduced dropout rates. Although ruptures in the alliance in child psychotherapy are frequent, little is known about how to repair them. The present paper proposes a model for identifying and repairing ruptures in child psychotherapy based on Safran and Muran. It consists of four phases: i) identifying the rupture and understanding its underlying communication message, ii) indicating the presence of the rupture, iii) accepting responsibility over the therapists' part in the rupture and emphasizing the children's active role as communicators of their distress, and iv) resolving the rupture using change strategies and meta-communication by constructing a narrative story. The theoretical rationale of each phase is explained in detail, and practical clinical guidelines are provided. Empirical studies are needed to examine the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
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12
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Kang NR, Kwack YS. Temperament and character profiles for children with ADHD with and without tic disorders. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:281-285. [PMID: 30278409 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
There is no research about whether ADHD with tic disorder that temperamental features that differ from the ADHD. This research aimed to identify temperament and character profiles for children with ADHD according to tic disorder by comparing them with a healthy control group. A discriminant analysis was conducted to identify whether temperament and character profiles can discriminate comorbidity. The sample consisted of three groups (N = 40 per group): ADHD alone, ADHD with tic disorder and age- and sex- matched healthy control. The parents of 120 children (mean age 8.57 ± 1.71 years) completed the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI). The two ADHD groups showed higher novelty seeking and low persistence, self-directedness and cooperativeness than the control group. The ADHD alone group had lower scores for persistence and self-directedness than the other two groups. Temperament and character profiles were useful for discriminating ADHD from the control group. However, their discriminating power was relatively low for all three groups. Results indicated that differences in temperament and character in ADHD children were present according to comorbid tic disorders. JTCI's discriminating power for ADHD alone and ADHD with tic disorder was relatively lower than that of the combined ADHD group and the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ri Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Young Sook Kwack
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea.
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13
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Buthmann J, Finik J, Nomura Y. Sex differences in the relations between infant temperament and electrodermal responses in early childhood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 42:535-542. [PMID: 31105363 PMCID: PMC6516783 DOI: 10.1177/0165025418757705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the relationship between sex, infant temperament, and childhood psychophysiological reactivity via electrodermal activity (EDA). Both temperament and EDA are known to be relatively stable traits across the lifespan reflecting individual reactivity and regulation linked to suboptimal behavioral development and risk for psychopathology. However, little is known about the role of sex in the relationship between temperament and EDA. As a part of a larger longitudinal study of behavioral development, 125 participants were followed from birth till 3 years-old to examine the relationship between temperament and psychophysiological reactivity in different gender groups. Measurements of temperament at 6 months-old, and EDA, via skin conductance response (SCR) rate to a series of six startling auditory stimuli at 3 years-old were collected. Median splits of SCR scores and three temperament dimensions (positive affect, negative affect, and regulation) were created to designate high/low groups. Results indicate sex moderated the relationships between temperament traits and SCR rates. Specifically, low positive affect was associated with an increased risk for high psychophysiological reactivity in boys (odds ratio = 3.8), whereas high regulation was associated with an increased risk for greater reactivity in girls (odds ratio = 4.2). While preliminary, these findings suggest the importance of sex in relation to psychophysiological and temperamental reactivity, risk factors for developmental psychopathology. As our participants age, follow-up research to investigate the stability of these associations will provide valuable insights for the potential of EDA as a psychophysiological marker for developmental psychopathology risk in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Buthmann
- Queens College, CUNY, Psychology, Flushing, NY, United States
- The Graduate Center, CUNY, Psychology, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jackie Finik
- Queens College, CUNY, Psychology, Flushing, NY, United States
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Psychiatry, New York, NY, United States
- Hunter College, CUNY, School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yoko Nomura
- Queens College, CUNY, Psychology, Flushing, NY, United States
- The Graduate Center, CUNY, Psychology, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Psychiatry, New York, NY, United States
- Hunter College, CUNY, School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
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14
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Chiarenza GA, Villa S, Galan L, Valdes-Sosa P, Bosch-Bayard J. Junior temperament character inventory together with quantitative EEG discriminate children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder combined subtype from children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder combined subtype plus oppositional defiant disorder. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 130:9-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Drechsler R, Zulauf Logoz M, Walitza S, Steinhausen HC. The Relations Between Temperament, Character, and Executive Functions in Children With ADHD and Clinical Controls. J Atten Disord 2018; 22:764-775. [PMID: 25922184 DOI: 10.1177/1087054715583356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the overlap between executive functions and temperament as measured by two questionnaires and to examine characteristic profiles in children with ADHD and clinical controls. METHOD Parents of 111 clinically referred children, half of whom were diagnosed with ADHD and half with other or no diagnoses, completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and the Cloninger Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI). RESULTS Factor analysis of both instruments resulted in three common factors representing aspects of (1) cognitive regulation, (2) behavioral regulation, and (3) anxious/rigid tendencies. Factor (4) represented strengths and positive resources and loaded on JTCI scales only. Both instruments discriminated significantly between ADHD and non-ADHD children. Conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder (CD/ODD) but not ADHD accounted for problems in BRIEF Emotional Control and Self-Monitor and JTCI low Cooperativeness. CONCLUSION The two instruments only partially overlap and may complement each other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hans-Christoph Steinhausen
- 1 University of Zurich, Switzerland.,2 University of Basel, Switzerland.,3 Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
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16
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Toriumi K, Tanaka J, Mamiya T, Alkam T, Kim HC, Nitta A, Nabeshima T. Shati/Nat8l knockout mice show behavioral deficits ameliorated by atomoxetine and methylphenidate. Behav Brain Res 2018; 339:207-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Antúnez Z, de la Osa N, Granero R, Ezpeleta L. Reciprocity Between Parental Psychopathology and Oppositional Symptoms From Preschool to Middle Childhood. J Clin Psychol 2017; 74:489-504. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zayra Antúnez
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- Universidad Austral de Chile
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18
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Morsink S, Sonuga-Barke E, Mies G, Glorie N, Lemiere J, Van der Oord S, Danckaerts M. What motivates individuals with ADHD? A qualitative analysis from the adolescent's point of view. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:923-932. [PMID: 28233072 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-0961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with ADHD appear to respond differently to incentives than their peers. This could be due to a general altered sensitivity to reinforcers. However, apart from differences in the degree of motivation, individuals with ADHD might also be motivated by qualitatively different factors. This study aimed to harvest a range of motivational factors and identify ADHD-related qualitative differences in motivation, from the adolescent's point of view. Semi-structured interviews allowing participants to describe what motivates them in daily life were conducted with young adolescents (9-16 years) with and without ADHD. Thematic analysis was undertaken using NVivo software. Major themes relating to motivation were identified from the interview data. These were: (1) achieving a sense of togetherness; (2) feeling competent; (3) fulfilling a need for variation; (4) gaining pleasure from applying effort to achieve a goal; (5) valuing social reinforcement; (6) desiring to be absorbed/forget problems; (7) feeling free and independent, (8) attaining material reinforcement; and (9) an enjoyment of bodily stimulation. The theme structure was very similar for both groups. However, individuals with ADHD differed in some specifics: their focus on the passing of time, the absence of preference for predictable and familiar tasks, and their less elaborate description of the togetherness theme. A broad range of motivational themes was identified, stretching beyond the current focus of ADHD research and motivational theories. Similarities and differences in motivational values of individuals with and without ADHD should be taken into account in reward sensitivity research, and in psychological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Morsink
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Research, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Edmund Sonuga-Barke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK. .,Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Gabry Mies
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jurgen Lemiere
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UPC KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Saskia Van der Oord
- Clinical Psychology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.,Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Danckaerts
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Research, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UPC KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
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19
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Kerner auch Koerner J, Gust N, Petermann F. Developing ADHD in preschool: Testing the dual pathway model of temperament. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2017; 7:366-373. [DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2017.1347509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kerner auch Koerner
- Helmut-Schmidt-University, Hamburg, Germany and Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nicole Gust
- Center of Clinical Psychology and Rehabilitation, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Franz Petermann
- Center of Clinical Psychology and Rehabilitation, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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20
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Kerekes N, Falk Ö, Brändström S, Anckarsäter H, Råstam M, Hofvander B. The protective effect of character maturity in child aggressive antisocial behavior. Compr Psychiatry 2017; 76:129-137. [PMID: 28521251 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood aggressive antisocial behavior (CD) is one of the strongest predictors of mental health problems and criminal behavior in adulthood. The aims of this study were to describe personality profiles in children with CD, and to determine the strength of association between defined neurodevelopmental symptoms, dimensions of character maturity and CD. METHODS A sample of 1886 children with a close to equal distribution of age (9 or 12) and gender, enriched for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric problems were selected from the nationwide Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. Their parents rated them according to the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory following a telephone interview during which information about the children's development and mental health was assessed with the Autism-Tics, AD/HD and other Comorbidities inventory. RESULT Scores on the CD module significantly and positively correlated with scores on the Novelty Seeking temperament dimension and negatively with scores on character maturity (Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness). In the group of children with either neurodevelopmental or behavioral problems, the prevalence of low or very low character maturity was 50%, while when these two problems coexisted the prevalence of low or very low character maturity increased to 70%. Neurodevelopmental problems (such as: oppositional defiant disorder, symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder) and low scores on character maturity emerged as independently significant predictors of CD; in a multivariable model, only oppositional defiant symptoms and impulsivity significantly increased the risk for coexisting CD while a mature self-agency in a child (Self-Directedness) remained a significant protective factor. CONCLUSION These results suggest that children's willpower, the capacity to achieve personally chosen goals may be an important protective factor - even in the presence of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric problems - against progressing into persistent negative outcomes, such as aggressive antisocial behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Kerekes
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden.
| | - Örjan Falk
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sven Brändström
- Center for Well-being Washington University, School of Medicine in St. Louis, USA
| | - Henrik Anckarsäter
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Råstam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Sweden; Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Hofvander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Sweden
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21
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Wlodarczyk O, Pawils S, Metzner F, Kriston L, Klasen F, Ravens-Sieberer U. Risk and protective factors for mental health problems in preschool-aged children: cross-sectional results of the BELLA preschool study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2017; 11:12. [PMID: 28286550 PMCID: PMC5341413 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-017-0149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems (MHPs) in preschoolers are precursors of mental disorders which have shown to be associated with suffering, functional impairment, exposure to stigma and discrimination, as well as enhanced risk of premature death. A better understanding of factors associated with MHPs in preschoolers can facilitate early identification of children at risk and inform prevention programs. This cross-sectional study investigated the association of risk and protective factors with MHPs within a German representative community sample. METHODS MHPs were assessed in a sample of 391 preschoolers aged 3-6 years using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The effects of parental MHPs, children's temperament, parental socioeconomic status (SES), social support and perceived self-competence on MHPs were assessed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses that controlled for sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Overall, 18.2% of preschoolers were classified as 'borderline or abnormal' on the total difficulties score of the SDQ. Bivariate analyses showed that parental MHPs, children's difficult temperament, and parental low SES increased the likelihood, whereas high perceived parental competence decreased the likelihood of preschool MHPs. In the multivariate analyses, only difficult child temperament remained significantly associated with preschool MHPs when other variables were controlled. CONCLUSIONS The results underline the importance of children's difficult temperamental characteristics as a risk factor for mental health in preschoolers and suggest that these may also be an appropriate target for prevention of preschool MHPs. More research on specific aspects of preschool children's temperament, the socioeconomic environment and longitudinal studies on the effects of these in the development of preschool MHPs is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Wlodarczyk
- 0000 0001 2180 3484grid.13648.38Institute and Outpatients Clinic of Medical Psychology, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52 (Building W26), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silke Pawils
- 0000 0001 2180 3484grid.13648.38Institute and Outpatients Clinic of Medical Psychology, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52 (Building W26), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franka Metzner
- 0000 0001 2180 3484grid.13648.38Institute and Outpatients Clinic of Medical Psychology, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52 (Building W26), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Levente Kriston
- 0000 0001 2180 3484grid.13648.38Institute and Outpatients Clinic of Medical Psychology, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52 (Building W26), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fionna Klasen
- 0000 0001 2180 3484grid.13648.38Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Research Division “Child Public Health”, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52 (Building W26), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer
- 0000 0001 2180 3484grid.13648.38Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Research Division “Child Public Health”, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52 (Building W26), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Gomez R, Van Doorn G, Watson S, Gomez A, Stavropoulos V. Cloninger's personality dimensions and ADHD: A meta-analytic review. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Huemer J, Riegler A, Völkl-Kernstock S, Wascher A, Lesch OM, Walter H, Skala K. The influence of reported ADHD and substance abuse on suicidal ideation in a non-clinical sample of young men. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE : KLINIK, DIAGNOSTIK, THERAPIE UND REHABILITATION : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT OSTERREICHISCHER NERVENARZTE UND PSYCHIATER 2016; 30:131-137. [PMID: 27714599 PMCID: PMC5063908 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-016-0198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study intended to determine whether former and current ADHD symptomatology is associated with suicidal ideation in a non-clinical sample of 18 year old males. We performed a cross sectional descriptive study of 3280 men during the examination for military service. The investigation included a screening for substance abuse, past (WURS) and current (ADHD symptom checklist) ADHD symptomatology and an interview about suicidal ideations. We found a correlation of suicidal ideations with a history of ADHD symptomatology. ADHD symptoms were strongly consistent over time. These results indicate that a history of (diagnosed or undiagnosed) ADHD could be a predictor for suicidal ideations. Surveying a history of ADHD in primary care might help identify subjects at risk for suicidal tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Huemer
- Dept. of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anita Riegler
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Völkl-Kernstock
- Dept. of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Otto M Lesch
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Katrin Skala
- Dept. of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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24
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Skala K, Riegler A, Erfurth A, Völkl-Kernstock S, Lesch OM, Walter H. The connection of temperament with ADHD occurrence and persistence into adulthood - An investigation in 18 year old males. J Affect Disord 2016; 198:72-7. [PMID: 27011362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study intended to determine whether certain traits of temperament are associated with former and current ADHD symptomatology in a non-clinical sample of 18 year old males. METHODS We performed a cross sectional descriptive study of 3280 men during the examination for military service. The investigation included a socio-demographic questionnaire, screening for substance abuse, temperament (TEMPS-M), past (WURS) and current (ADHD symptom checklist) ADHD symptomatology. RESULTS We found a correlation of cyclothymic (p<.001), irritable (p<.001) and anxious (p<.05) temperament with occurrence and severity of past and present ADHD symptomatology. No significant correlation has been detected for hyperthymic and depressive temperament. Judged retrospectively, ADHD symptoms were strongly consistent over time. LIMITATIONS The sample consists of men only. These had to be fit enough to be enlisted for military service; men with severe mental or physical disorders were thus excluded. Furthermore, the cross-sectional study design does not allow making conclusions about the temporal relationships between ADHD symptoms and substance misuse. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that a temperament based approach towards those affected by ADHD might be useful. Subtyping ADHD by integrating temperament profiles in diagnosis and treatment of the disorder could help explain some of the heterogeneity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Skala
- University of Vienna, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Austria.
| | - A Riegler
- Otto Wagner Spital, Department of Psychiatry IV, Austria
| | - A Erfurth
- Otto Wagner Spital, Department of Psychiatry IV, Austria
| | - S Völkl-Kernstock
- University of Vienna, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Austria
| | - O M Lesch
- University of Vienna, Department of Psychiatry, Austria
| | - H Walter
- University of Vienna, Department of Psychiatry, Austria
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25
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Lee SH, Kim TH, Jun YS. The Relationship between Parent’s and Offspring’s Personality and Offspring’s Psychological Adaptation. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2016. [DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.2016.27.1.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Hi Lee
- Department of Psychology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Young-Soon Jun
- Department of Psychology, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, Chungju, Korea
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26
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Visser JC, Rommelse NNJ, Greven CU, Buitelaar JK. Autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in early childhood: A review of unique and shared characteristics and developmental antecedents. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 65:229-63. [PMID: 27026637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have overlapping characteristics and etiological factors, but to which extent this applies to infant- and preschool age is less well understood. Comparing the pathways to ASD and ADHD from the earliest possible stages is crucial for understanding how phenotypic overlap emerges and develops. Ultimately, these insights may guide preventative and therapeutic interventions. Here, we review the literature on the core symptoms, temperament and executive function in ASD and ADHD from infancy through preschool age, and draw several conclusions: (1) the co-occurrence of ASD and ADHD increases with age, severity of symptoms and lower IQ, (2) attention problems form a linking pin between early ASD and ADHD, but the behavioral, cognitive and sensory correlates of these attention problems partly diverge between the two conditions, (3) ASD and ADHD share high levels of negative affect, although the underlying motivational and behavioral tendencies seem to differ, and (4) ASD and ADHD share difficulties with control and shifting, but partly opposite behaviors seem to be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne C Visser
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nanda N J Rommelse
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Corina U Greven
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; King's College London, Medical Research Council Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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27
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Nilsson T, Falk Ö, Billstedt E, Kerekes N, Anckarsäter H, Wallinius M, Hofvander B. Aggressive Antisocial Behaviors Are Related to Character Maturity in Young Swedish Violent Offenders Independent of ADHD. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:185. [PMID: 27899902 PMCID: PMC5111098 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antisocial personality and psychopathic traits have constantly been found to accompany criminal and aggressive behaviors, but little attention has been given to aspects of character maturity and its relation to such behaviors. The present study investigated (1) whether level of character maturity (low, medium, and high) is associated with amount of aggressive antisocial behaviors (AABs) and psychopathic traits in young men imprisoned for violent criminality, and (2) whether such an association is independent of coexisting attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Swedish males (N = 270, aged 18-25) sentenced to prison for violent and/or sexual criminality in the western region of the Swedish Prison and Probation Service underwent a thorough clinical examination during their incarceration. Data on character maturity, as measured by the character dimensions Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness of the Temperament and Character Inventory, were available for n = 148 subjects and were used to divide these offenders into three groups with low, medium, and high character maturity. These groups were then compared for variables reflecting criminal history, a DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD, conduct disorder (CD) and substance use disorders (SUD), aggressive behaviors, and psychopathic traits. RESULTS Character maturity was consistently associated with less AABs and psychopathic personality traits; the group with the highest character maturity showed: (i) a later age at onset of criminality, (ii) a smaller number of prior violent criminal acts, (iii) lower prevalence of ADHD, CD, and SUD, (iv) less self-rated and expert-rated aggressive behaviors, and (v) less psychopathic traits. The association between character maturity and aggressive behaviors/psychopathic personality traits remained even when ADHD was controlled for. The only exception was sexual criminality, where the group with the highest character maturity contained the largest amount of sexual offenders. CONCLUSION Higher character maturity appeared to be a protective factor among young male violent offenders, associated with less AABs, suggesting that character maturity is a promising target for treatment interventions for this group of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nilsson
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Örjan Falk
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Billstedt
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Nóra Kerekes
- Department of Health Sciences, University West , Trollhättan , Sweden
| | - Henrik Anckarsäter
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Märta Wallinius
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Research and Development Unit, Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Björn Hofvander
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
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Tomita T, Kaneda A, Nakagami T, Kaneko S, Yasui-Furukori N. Changes in the Temperament and Character Inventory dimensions after paroxetine treatment in patients with major depressive disorder. Hum Psychopharmacol 2015; 30:334-40. [PMID: 25845342 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported changes in the dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) after patients with major depressive disorder are treated. We aimed to investigate the changes in the TCI dimensions after paroxetine treatment in patients with major depressive disorder. Forty-eight patients were enrolled in this study and were treated with 10-40 mg/day of paroxetine for 6 weeks. The TCI was completed twice, at weeks 0 and 6. We used the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) to evaluate patients. The participants were divided into three groups (responders, non-responders, and early responders) based on treatment response. The scores of each dimension of the TCI were compared before and after treatment using repeated-measures two-way analyses of variance. In the responders group (n = 24), no TCI dimension scores changed significantly during treatment, but the interaction between sex and MADRS score change was significantly associated with the results. In the non-responders group (n = 15), the self-directedness score increased significantly during the treatment period (p = 0.000), and the change in MADRS score significantly affected the results. In the early responders group (n = 9), no TCI dimension scores changed significantly during treatment. The results of the present study may reveal a possible correlation between paroxetine treatment and changes in personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsu Tomita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ayako Kaneda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Taku Nakagami
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Sunao Kaneko
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Norio Yasui-Furukori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
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