1
|
Moore SM, Jeong E, Zahid M, Gawron J, Arora S, Belin S, Sim F, Poitelon Y, Feltri ML. Loss of YAP in Schwann cells improves HNPP pathophysiology. Glia 2024. [PMID: 38989661 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Rapid nerve conduction in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is facilitated by the multilamellar myelin sheath encasing many axons of peripheral nerves. Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A (CMT1A), and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy (HNPP) are common demyelinating inherited peripheral neuropathies and are caused by mutations in the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene. Duplication of PMP22 leads to its overexpression and causes CMT1A, while its deletion results in PMP22 under expression and causes HNPP. Here, we investigated novel targets for modulating the protein level of PMP22 in HNPP. We found that genetic attenuation of the transcriptional coactivator Yap in Schwann cells reduces p-TAZ levels, increased TAZ activity, and increases PMP22 in peripheral nerves. Based on these findings, we ablated Yap alleles in Schwann cells of the Pmp22-haploinsufficient mouse model of HNPP and identified fewer tomacula on morphological assessment and improved nerve conduction in peripheral nerves. These findings suggest YAP modulation may be a new avenue for treatment of HNPP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Moore
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Eunbi Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Gawron
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Simar Arora
- Albany Medical College, Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Sophie Belin
- Albany Medical College, Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Fraser Sim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yannick Poitelon
- Albany Medical College, Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany, New York, USA
| | - M Laura Feltri
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Previtali SC, Taveggia C. Laura Feltri: Of Schwann cells, matrix, and family. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202403004. [PMID: 38477922 PMCID: PMC10938025 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202403004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Laura Feltri (1963–2023) has been a pioneer in the study of extracellular matrix in peripheral nervous system myelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano C. Previtali
- Division of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Taveggia
- Division of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pawelec KM, Hix JML, Shapiro EM. Material matters: Degradation products affect regenerating Schwann cells. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 159:213825. [PMID: 38479242 PMCID: PMC10990769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Devices to treat peripheral nerve injury (PNI) must balance many considerations to effectively guide regenerating nerves across a gap and achieve functional recovery. To enhance efficacy, design features like luminal fillers have been explored extensively. Material choice for PNI devices is also critical, as the determining factor of device mechanics, and degradation rate and has increasingly been found to directly impact biological response. This study investigated the ways in which synthetic polymer materials impact the differentiation state and myelination potential of Schwann cells, peripheral nerve glia. Microporous substrates of polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) 85:15, or PLGA 50:50 were chosen, as materials already used in nerve repair devices, representing a wide range of mechanics and degradation profiles. Schwann cells co-cultured with dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons on the substrates expressed more mature myelination proteins (MPZ) on PLGA substrates compared to PCL. Changes to myelination and differentiation state of glia were reflected in adhesion proteins expressed by glia, including β-dystroglycan and integrin α6, both laminin binding proteins. Importantly, degradation products of the polymers affected glial expression independently of direct attachment. Fast degrading PLGA 50:50 substrates released measurable amounts of degradation products (lactic acid) within the culture period, which may push Schwann cells towards glycolytic metabolism, decreasing expression of early transcription factors like sox10. This study shows the importance of understanding not only material effects on attachment, but also on cellular metabolism which drives myelination responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendell M Pawelec
- Michigan State University, Department of Radiology, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America; Michigan State University, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America.
| | - Jeremy M L Hix
- Michigan State University, Department of Radiology, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America; Michigan State University, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Erik M Shapiro
- Michigan State University, Department of Radiology, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America; Michigan State University, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America; Michigan State University, Department of Physiology, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America; Michigan State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America; Michigan State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Previtali SC, Taveggia C. Laura Feltri: In memoriam. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2024; 29:4-5. [PMID: 38403931 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano C Previtali
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- INSPE, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Taveggia
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wareham LK, Baratta RO, Del Buono BJ, Schlumpf E, Calkins DJ. Collagen in the central nervous system: contributions to neurodegeneration and promise as a therapeutic target. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:11. [PMID: 38273335 PMCID: PMC10809576 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00704-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a richly bioactive composition of substrates that provides biophysical stability, facilitates intercellular signaling, and both reflects and governs the physiological status of the local microenvironment. The matrix in the central nervous system (CNS) is far from simply an inert scaffold for mechanical support, instead conducting an active role in homeostasis and providing broad capacity for adaptation and remodeling in response to stress that otherwise would challenge equilibrium between neuronal, glial, and vascular elements. A major constituent is collagen, whose characteristic triple helical structure renders mechanical and biochemical stability to enable bidirectional crosstalk between matrix and resident cells. Multiple members of the collagen superfamily are critical to neuronal maturation and circuit formation, axon guidance, and synaptogenesis in the brain. In mature tissue, collagen interacts with other fibrous proteins and glycoproteins to sustain a three-dimensional medium through which complex networks of cells can communicate. While critical for matrix scaffolding, collagen in the CNS is also highly dynamic, with multiple binding sites for partnering matrix proteins, cell-surface receptors, and other ligands. These interactions are emerging as critical mediators of CNS disease and injury, particularly regarding changes in matrix stiffness, astrocyte recruitment and reactivity, and pro-inflammatory signaling in local microenvironments. Changes in the structure and/or deposition of collagen impact cellular signaling and tissue biomechanics in the brain, which in turn can alter cellular responses including antigenicity, angiogenesis, gliosis, and recruitment of immune-related cells. These factors, each involving matrix collagen, contribute to the limited capacity for regeneration of CNS tissue. Emerging therapeutics that attempt to rebuild the matrix using peptide fragments, including collagen-enriched scaffolds and mimetics, hold great potential to promote neural repair and regeneration. Recent evidence from our group and others indicates that repairing protease-degraded collagen helices with mimetic peptides helps restore CNS tissue and promote neuronal survival in a broad spectrum of degenerative conditions. Restoration likely involves bolstering matrix stiffness to reduce the potential for astrocyte reactivity and local inflammation as well as repairing inhibitory binding sites for immune-signaling ligands. Facilitating repair rather than endogenous replacement of collagen degraded by disease or injury may represent the next frontier in developing therapies based on protection, repair, and regeneration of neurons in the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Wareham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute , Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue S, 37232, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert O Baratta
- Stuart Therapeutics, Inc., 411 SE Osceola St, 34994, Stuart, FL, USA
| | - Brian J Del Buono
- Stuart Therapeutics, Inc., 411 SE Osceola St, 34994, Stuart, FL, USA
| | - Eric Schlumpf
- Stuart Therapeutics, Inc., 411 SE Osceola St, 34994, Stuart, FL, USA
| | - David J Calkins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute , Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue S, 37232, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yin JH, Sexton B, Jukier T, Yanke AB, Holland M, Miller AD, Stranahan L, Hoffmann AR, Sandey M. Case report: Intraneural perineurioma in dogs: a case series and brief literature review. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1233230. [PMID: 38274660 PMCID: PMC10808598 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1233230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Intraneural perineurioma is an exceptionally rare neoplasm in animals. This case study comprises a series of three cases and a brief literature review focusing on canine intraneural perineurioma. The pathological and immunohistochemical findings are documented, revealing that canine intraneural perineurioma frequently affects adult dogs aged between 3 and 10 years old, with a male predominance. Clinical signs associated with intraneural perineurioma in dogs include spinal pain, lameness, and paresis, resulting from the involvement of spinal nerve roots of the pelvic limbs, brachial plexus, or distal part of the median nerve. Most neoplasms had characteristic pseudo-onion bulb patterns on histopathology. Neoplastic perineurial cells, in most cases, expressed laminin and claudin-1, and NF200 consistently highlighted the central axon. While the immunohistochemical (IHC) profile of intraneural perineurioma in veterinary medicine remains incompletely characterized, the available IHC data from all reported cases suggest that a combination of laminin and claudin-1 immunomarkers, along with distinctive histological features, can assist in establishing a definitive diagnosis of intraneural perineurioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hang Yin
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Brittani Sexton
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Tom Jukier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Amy B. Yanke
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Merrilee Holland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Andrew D. Miller
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Lauren Stranahan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Maninder Sandey
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sánchez-Porras D, Durand-Herrera D, Carmona R, Blanco-Elices C, Garzón I, Pozzobon M, San Martín S, Alaminos M, García-García ÓD, Chato-Astrain J, Carriel V. Expression of Basement Membrane Molecules by Wharton Jelly Stem Cells (WJSC) in Full-Term Human Umbilical Cords, Cell Cultures and Microtissues. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040629. [PMID: 36831296 PMCID: PMC9954414 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Wharton's jelly stem cells (WJSC) from the human umbilical cord (UC) are one of the most promising mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in tissue engineering (TE) and advanced therapies. The cell niche is a key element for both, MSC and fully differentiated tissues, to preserve their unique features. The basement membrane (BM) is an essential structure during embryonic development and in adult tissues. Epithelial BMs are well-known, but similar structures are present in other histological structures, such as in peripheral nerve fibers, myocytes or chondrocytes. Previous studies suggest the expression of some BM molecules within the Wharton's Jelly (WJ) of UC, but the distribution pattern and full expression profile of these molecules have not been yet elucidated. In this sense, the aim of this histological study was to evaluate the expression of main BM molecules within the WJ, cultured WJSC and during WJSC microtissue (WJSC-MT) formation process. Results confirmed the presence of a pericellular matrix composed by the main BM molecules-collagens (IV, VII), HSPG2, agrin, laminin and nidogen-around the WJSC within UC. Additionally, ex vivo studies demonstrated the synthesis of these BM molecules, except agrin, especially during WJSC-MT formation process. The WJSC capability to synthesize main BM molecules could offer new alternatives for the generation of biomimetic-engineered substitutes where these molecules are particularly needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Sánchez-Porras
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Biomedicine, Doctoral School, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Durand-Herrera
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Morelia 58010, Mexico
| | - Ramón Carmona
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Blanco-Elices
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Ingrid Garzón
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Corso Stati Uniti 4, Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Sebastián San Martín
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2520000, Chile
| | - Miguel Alaminos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Óscar Darío García-García
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (Ó.D.G.-G.); (J.C.-A.)
| | - Jesús Chato-Astrain
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (Ó.D.G.-G.); (J.C.-A.)
| | - Víctor Carriel
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu P, Zhang G, Hou B, Song E, Wen J, Ba Y, Zhu D, Wang G, Qin F. Effects of ECM proteins (laminin, fibronectin, and type IV collagen) on the biological behavior of Schwann cells and their roles in the process of remyelination after peripheral nerve injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1133718. [PMID: 37034260 PMCID: PMC10080002 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1133718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: It is important to note that complete myelination and formation of myelinated fibers are essential for functional nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injury (PNI). However, suboptimal myelin regeneration is common and can hinder ideal nerve regeneration. Therefore, it is important to closely monitor and support myelin regeneration in patients with PNI to achieve optimal outcomes. Methods: This study analyzed the effects of three extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins on Schwann cells (SCs) in the nerve regeneration environment, including their adhesion, proliferation, and migration. The study also explored the use of composite sodium alginate hydrogel neural scaffolds with ECM components and investigated the effects of ECM proteins on remyelination following peripheral nerve injury. Results: The results showed that laminin (LN), fibronectin (FN), and collagen Ⅳ (type IV Col) promoted the early adhesion of SCs in 2-dimensional culture but the ratios of early cell adhesion were quite different and the maintenance of cells' morphology by different ECM proteins were significantly different. In transwell experiment, the ability of LN and FN to induce the migration of SCs was obviously higher than that of type IV Col. An vitro co-culture model of SCs and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons showed that LN promoted the transition of SCs to a myelinated state and the maturation of the myelin sheath, and increased the thickness of neurofilaments. Animal experiments showed that LN had superior effects in promoting myelin sheath formation, axon repair, and reaching an ideal G-ratio after injury compared to FN and Col IV. The situation of gastrocnemius atrophy was significantly better in the LN group. Notably, the thickness of the regenerated myelin sheaths in the type IV Col group was the thickest. Conclusion: In this experiment, we analyzed and compared the effects of LN, FN, and type IV Col on the biological behavior of SCs and their effects on remyelination after PNI and further clarified their unique roles in the process of remyelination. Further research is necessary to explore the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanhua Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Enpeng Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaming Wen
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yueyang Ba
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Donglin Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Donglin Zhu, ; Gangwei Wang, ; Feng Qin,
| | - Gangwei Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Donglin Zhu, ; Gangwei Wang, ; Feng Qin,
| | - Feng Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Donglin Zhu, ; Gangwei Wang, ; Feng Qin,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Klymenko A, Lutz D. Melatonin signalling in Schwann cells during neuroregeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:999322. [PMID: 36299487 PMCID: PMC9589221 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.999322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has widely been thought that in the process of nerve regeneration Schwann cells populate the injury site with myelinating, non–myelinating, phagocytic, repair, and mesenchyme–like phenotypes. It is now clear that the Schwann cells modify their shape and basal lamina as to accommodate re–growing axons, at the same time clear myelin debris generated upon injury, and regulate expression of extracellular matrix proteins at and around the lesion site. Such a remarkable plasticity may follow an intrinsic functional rhythm or a systemic circadian clock matching the demands of accurate timing and precision of signalling cascades in the regenerating nervous system. Schwann cells react to changes in the external circadian clock clues and to the Zeitgeber hormone melatonin by altering their plasticity. This raises the question of whether melatonin regulates Schwann cell activity during neurorepair and if circadian control and rhythmicity of Schwann cell functions are vital aspects of neuroregeneration. Here, we have focused on different schools of thought and emerging concepts of melatonin–mediated signalling in Schwann cells underlying peripheral nerve regeneration and discuss circadian rhythmicity as a possible component of neurorepair.
Collapse
|
10
|
Assis AD, Chiarotto GB, da Silva NS, Simões GF, Oliveira ALR. Pregabalin synchronizes the regeneration of nerve and muscle fibers optimizing the gait recovery of MDX dystrophic mice. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22511. [PMID: 35998000 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200411rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetic disorder induced by mutations in the dystrophin gene, leading to a degeneration of muscle fibers, triggering retrograde immunomodulatory, and degenerative events in the central nervous system. Thus, neuroprotective drugs such as pregabalin (PGB) can improve motor function by modulating plasticity, together with anti-inflammatory effects. The present work aimed to study the effects of PGB on axonal regeneration after axotomy in dystrophic and non-dystrophic mice. For that, MDX and C57BL/10 mouse strains were subjected to peripheral nerve damage and were treated with PGB (30 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 28 consecutive days. The treatment was carried out in mice as soon as they completed 5 weeks of life, 1 week before the lesion, corresponding to the peak period of muscle degeneration in the MDX strain. Six-week-old mice were submitted to unilateral sciatic nerve crush and were sacrificed in the 9th week of age. The ipsi and contralateral sciatic nerves were processed for immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR, evaluating the expression of proteins and gene transcripts related to neuronal and Schwann cell activity. Cranial tibial muscles were dissected for evaluation of neuromuscular junctions using α-bungarotoxin, and the myelinated axons of the sciatic nerve were analyzed by morphometry. The recovery of motor function was monitored throughout the treatment through tests of forced locomotion (rotarod) and spontaneous walking track test (Catwalk system). The results show that treatment with PGB reduced the retrograde cyclic effects of muscle degeneration/regeneration on the nervous system. This fact was confirmed after peripheral nerve injury, showing better adaptation and response of neurons and glia for rapid axonal regeneration, with efficient muscle targeting and regain of function. No side effects of PGB treatment were observed, and the expression of pro-regenerative proteins in neurons and Schwann cells was upregulated. Morphometry of the axons was in line with the preservation of motor endplates, resulting in enhanced performance of dystrophic animals. Overall, the present data indicate that pregabalin is protective and enhances regeneration of the SNP during the development of DMD, improving motor function, which can, in turn, be translated to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Dias Assis
- Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Veneri FA, Prada V, Mastrangelo R, Ferri C, Nobbio L, Passalacqua M, Milanesi M, Bianchi F, Del Carro U, Vallat JM, Duong P, Svaren J, Schenone A, Grandis M, D’Antonio M. A novel mouse model of CMT1B identifies hyperglycosylation as a new pathogenetic mechanism. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:4255-4274. [PMID: 35908287 PMCID: PMC9759335 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Myelin Protein Zero gene (MPZ), encoding P0, the major structural glycoprotein of peripheral nerve myelin, are the cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) type 1B neuropathy, and most P0 mutations appear to act through gain-of-function mechanisms. Here, we investigated how misglycosylation, a pathomechanism encompassing several genetic disorders, may affect P0 function. Using in vitro assays, we showed that gain of glycosylation is more damaging for P0 trafficking and functionality as compared with a loss of glycosylation. Hence, we generated, via CRISPR/Cas9, a mouse model carrying the MPZD61N mutation, predicted to generate a new N-glycosylation site in P0. In humans, MPZD61N causes a severe early-onset form of CMT1B, suggesting that hyperglycosylation may interfere with myelin formation, leading to pathology. We show here that MPZD61N/+ mice develop a tremor as early as P15 which worsens with age and correlates with a significant motor impairment, reduced muscular strength and substantial alterations in neurophysiology. The pathological analysis confirmed a dysmyelinating phenotype characterized by diffuse hypomyelination and focal hypermyelination. We find that the mutant P0D61N does not cause significant endoplasmic reticulum stress, a common pathomechanism in CMT1B, but is properly trafficked to myelin where it causes myelin uncompaction. Finally, we show that myelinating dorsal root ganglia cultures from MPZD61N mice replicate some of the abnormalities seen in vivo, suggesting that they may represent a valuable tool to investigate therapeutic approaches. Collectively, our data indicate that the MPZD61N/+ mouse represents an authentic model of severe CMT1B affirming gain-of-glycosylation in P0 as a novel pathomechanism of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca A Veneri
- Biology of Myelin Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy,Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genova, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Valeria Prada
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genova, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Rosa Mastrangelo
- Biology of Myelin Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ferri
- Biology of Myelin Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucilla Nobbio
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genova, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Mario Passalacqua
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Milanesi
- Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchi
- Movement Disorders Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Del Carro
- Movement Disorders Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Jean-Michel Vallat
- Department and Laboratory of Neurology, National Reference Center for ‘Rare Peripheral Neuropathies’, University Hospital of Limoges (CHU Limoges), Dupuytren Hospital, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Phu Duong
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - John Svaren
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Angelo Schenone
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genova, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, 16132 Genova, Italy,Department of Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Marina Grandis
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy. Tel: +39 010 3537562; (M.G.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy. Tel: +39 02 26435307; (M.D.)
| | - Maurizio D’Antonio
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy. Tel: +39 010 3537562; (M.G.); San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy. Tel: +39 02 26435307; (M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rosso G, Wehner D, Schweitzer C, Möllmert S, Sock E, Guck J, Shahin V. Matrix stiffness mechanosensing modulates the expression and distribution of transcription factors in Schwann cells. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10257. [PMID: 35079632 PMCID: PMC8780053 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After peripheral nerve injury, mature Schwann cells (SCs) de-differentiate and undergo cell reprogramming to convert into a specialized cell repair phenotype that promotes nerve regeneration. Reprogramming of SCs into the repair phenotype is tightly controlled at the genome level and includes downregulation of pro-myelinating genes and activation of nerve repair-associated genes. Nerve injuries induce not only biochemical but also mechanical changes in the tissue architecture which impact SCs. Recently, we showed that SCs mechanically sense the stiffness of the extracellular matrix and that SC mechanosensitivity modulates their morphology and migratory behavior. Here, we explore the expression levels of key transcription factors and myelin-associated genes in SCs, and the outgrowth of primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurites, in response to changes in the stiffness of generated matrices. The selected stiffness range matches the physiological conditions of both utilized cell types as determined in our previous investigations. We find that stiffer matrices induce upregulation of the expression of transcription factors Sox2, Oct6, and Krox20, and concomitantly reduce the expression of the repair-associated transcription factor c-Jun, suggesting a link between SC substrate mechanosensing and gene expression regulation. Likewise, DRG neurite outgrowth correlates with substrate stiffness. The remarkable intrinsic physiological plasticity of SCs, and the mechanosensitivity of SCs and neurites, may be exploited in the design of bioengineered scaffolds that promote nerve regeneration upon injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Rosso
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
- Institute of Physiology II, University of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Daniel Wehner
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
| | - Christine Schweitzer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
| | - Stephanie Möllmert
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
| | - Elisabeth Sock
- Institute of Biochemistry, FAU Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
- Department of PhysicsFAU Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Victor Shahin
- Institute of Physiology II, University of MünsterMünsterGermany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pregabalin-induced neuroprotection and gait improvement in dystrophic MDX mice. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 114:103632. [PMID: 34058345 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disease linked to the X chromosome induced by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Neuroprotective drugs, such as pregabalin (PGB), can improve motor function through the modulation of excitatory synapses, together with anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. The present work studied the effects of PGB in the preservation of dystrophic peripheral nerves, allowing motor improvements in MDX mice. Five weeks old MDX and C57BL/10 mice were treated with PGB (30 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or vehicle, for 28 consecutive days. The mice were sacrificed on the 9th week, the sciatic nerves were dissected out and processed for immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR, for evaluating the expression of proteins and gene transcripts related to neuronal activity and Schwann cell function. The lumbar spinal cords were also processed for qRT-PCR to evaluate the expression of neurotrophic factors and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Cranial tibial muscles were dissected out for endplate evaluation with α-bungarotoxin. The recovery of motor function was monitored throughout the treatment, using a spontaneous walking track test (Catwalk system) and a forced locomotion test (Rotarod). The results showed that treatment with PGB reduced the retrograde effects of muscle degeneration/regeneration on the nervous system from the 5th to the 9th week in MDX mice. Thus, PGB induced protein expression in neurons and Schwann cells, protecting myelinated fibers. In turn, better axonal morphology and close-to-normal motor endplates were observed. Indeed, such effects resulted in improved motor coordination of dystrophic animals. We believe that treatment with PGB improved the balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs to spinal motoneurons, increasing motor control. In addition, PGB enhanced peripheral nerve homeostasis, by positively affecting Schwann cells. In general, the present results indicate that pregabalin is effective in protecting the PNS during the development of DMD, improving motor coordination, indicating possible translation to the clinic.
Collapse
|
14
|
Muppirala AN, Limbach LE, Bradford EF, Petersen SC. Schwann cell development: From neural crest to myelin sheath. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 10:e398. [PMID: 33145925 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate nervous system function requires glial cells, including myelinating glia that insulate axons and provide trophic support that allows for efficient signal propagation by neurons. In vertebrate peripheral nervous systems, neural crest-derived glial cells known as Schwann cells (SCs) generate myelin by encompassing and iteratively wrapping membrane around single axon segments. SC gliogenesis and neurogenesis are intimately linked and governed by a complex molecular environment that shapes their developmental trajectory. Changes in this external milieu drive developing SCs through a series of distinct morphological and transcriptional stages from the neural crest to a variety of glial derivatives, including the myelinating sublineage. Cues originate from the extracellular matrix, adjacent axons, and the developing SC basal lamina to trigger intracellular signaling cascades and gene expression changes that specify stages and transitions in SC development. Here, we integrate the findings from in vitro neuron-glia co-culture experiments with in vivo studies investigating SC development, particularly in zebrafish and mouse, to highlight critical factors that specify SC fate. Ultimately, we connect classic biochemical and mutant studies with modern genetic and visualization tools that have elucidated the dynamics of SC development. This article is categorized under: Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anoohya N Muppirala
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah C Petersen
- Department of Neuroscience, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biology, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guedan-Duran A, Jemni-Damer N, Orueta-Zenarruzabeitia I, Guinea GV, Perez-Rigueiro J, Gonzalez-Nieto D, Panetsos F. Biomimetic Approaches for Separated Regeneration of Sensory and Motor Fibers in Amputee People: Necessary Conditions for Functional Integration of Sensory-Motor Prostheses With the Peripheral Nerves. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:584823. [PMID: 33224936 PMCID: PMC7670549 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.584823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerative capacity of the peripheral nervous system after an injury is limited, and a complete function is not recovered, mainly due to the loss of nerve tissue after the injury that causes a separation between the nerve ends and to the disorganized and intermingled growth of sensory and motor nerve fibers that cause erroneous reinnervations. Even though the development of biomaterials is a very promising field, today no significant results have been achieved. In this work, we study not only the characteristics that should have the support that will allow the growth of nerve fibers, but also the molecular profile necessary for a specific guidance. To do this, we carried out an exhaustive study of the molecular profile present during the regeneration of the sensory and motor fibers separately, as well as of the effect obtained by the administration and inhibition of different factors involved in the regeneration. In addition, we offer a complete design of the ideal characteristics of a biomaterial, which allows the growth of the sensory and motor neurons in a differentiated way, indicating (1) size and characteristics of the material; (2) necessity to act at the microlevel, on small groups of neurons; (3) combination of molecules and specific substrates; and (4) temporal profile of those molecules expression throughout the regeneration process. The importance of the design we offer is that it respects the complexity and characteristics of the regeneration process; it indicates the appropriate temporal conditions of molecular expression, in order to obtain a synergistic effect; it takes into account the importance of considering the process at the group of neuron level; and it gives an answer to the main limitations in the current studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atocha Guedan-Duran
- Neuro-computing and Neuro-robotics Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Innovation Group, Institute for Health Research San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Nahla Jemni-Damer
- Neuro-computing and Neuro-robotics Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Innovation Group, Institute for Health Research San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irune Orueta-Zenarruzabeitia
- Neuro-computing and Neuro-robotics Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Innovation Group, Institute for Health Research San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo Víctor Guinea
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Material Science, Civil Engineering Superior School, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- Silk Biomed SL, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Perez-Rigueiro
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Material Science, Civil Engineering Superior School, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- Silk Biomed SL, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Gonzalez-Nieto
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- Silk Biomed SL, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fivos Panetsos
- Neuro-computing and Neuro-robotics Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Innovation Group, Institute for Health Research San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Silk Biomed SL, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ji W, Hou B, Tang H, Cai M, Zheng W. Investigation of the effects of laminin present in the basal lamina of the peripheral nervous system on axon regeneration and remyelination using the nerve acellular scaffold. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1673-1687. [PMID: 32196907 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of laminin (LN) located in the basal lamina, which are important components of the peripheral nervous system-extracellular matrix, on axon regeneration and remyelination. Nerve acellular scaffolds (NASs) (S-untreated) were prepared using the acellular technique. The active component LN in the NASs was blocked (S-LN- ) or upregulated (S-LN+ ); S-LN+ contained seven times more LN than did the S-untreated group. The adhesion capacity of Schwann cells (SCs) to the three types of NAS (S-untreated, S-LN- , and S-LN+ ) was assessed in vitro. Our results showed that the adhesion of SCs to the NASs was significantly reduced in the S-LN- group, whereas no difference was observed between the S-LN+ and S-untreated groups. The pretreated NASs were used to repair nerves in a nerve injury mouse model with the animals divided into four groups (S-LN- group, S-untreated group, S-LN+ group, and autograft group). Two weeks after surgery, although there was no difference in the S-LN- group, S-untreated group and S-LN+ group, the newly formed basal lamina in the S-LN- group were significantly lower than those in the other two groups. Four weeks after surgery, the S-LN+ group had higher numbers of newly generated axons and their calibers, more myelinated fibers, thicker myelin sheaths, increased myelin basic protein expression, and improved recovery of neural function compared to those of the S-LN- and S-untreated groups, but all of these parameters were significantly worse than those of the autograft group. Downregulation of the LN level in the NAS leads to a reduction in all of the above parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Ji
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bo Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hengxin Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Meiqin Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenhan Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Suter TACS, Jaworski A. Cell migration and axon guidance at the border between central and peripheral nervous system. Science 2020; 365:365/6456/eaaw8231. [PMID: 31467195 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw8231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The central and peripheral nervous system (CNS and PNS, respectively) are composed of distinct neuronal and glial cell types with specialized functional properties. However, a small number of select cells traverse the CNS-PNS boundary and connect these two major subdivisions of the nervous system. This pattern of segregation and selective connectivity is established during embryonic development, when neurons and glia migrate to their destinations and axons project to their targets. Here, we provide an overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control cell migration and axon guidance at the vertebrate CNS-PNS border. We highlight recent advances on how cell bodies and axons are instructed to either cross or respect this boundary, and present open questions concerning the development and plasticity of the CNS-PNS interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A C S Suter
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.,Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Alexander Jaworski
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. .,Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Raasakka A, Kursula P. Flexible Players within the Sheaths: The Intrinsically Disordered Proteins of Myelin in Health and Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020470. [PMID: 32085570 PMCID: PMC7072810 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin ensheathes selected axonal segments within the nervous system, resulting primarily in nerve impulse acceleration, as well as mechanical and trophic support for neurons. In the central and peripheral nervous systems, various proteins that contribute to the formation and stability of myelin are present, which also harbor pathophysiological roles in myelin disease. Many myelin proteins have common attributes, including small size, hydrophobic segments, multifunctionality, longevity, and regions of intrinsic disorder. With recent advances in protein biophysical characterization and bioinformatics, it has become evident that intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are abundant in myelin, and their flexible nature enables multifunctionality. Here, we review known myelin IDPs, their conservation, molecular characteristics and functions, and their disease relevance, along with open questions and speculations. We place emphasis on classifying the molecular details of IDPs in myelin, and we correlate these with their various functions, including susceptibility to post-translational modifications, function in protein–protein and protein–membrane interactions, as well as their role as extended entropic chains. We discuss how myelin pathology can relate to IDPs and which molecular factors are potentially involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Raasakka
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, NO-5009 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Petri Kursula
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, NO-5009 Bergen, Norway;
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7A, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rosso G, Guck J. Mechanical changes of peripheral nerve tissue microenvironment and their structural basis during development. APL Bioeng 2019; 3:036107. [PMID: 31893255 PMCID: PMC6932855 DOI: 10.1063/1.5108867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerves are constantly exposed to mechanical stresses associated with body growth and limb movements. Although some aspects of these nerves' biomechanical properties are known, the link between nerve biomechanics and tissue microstructures during development is poorly understood. Here, we used atomic force microscopy to comprehensively investigate the elastic modulus of living peripheral nerve tissue cross sections ex vivo at distinct stages of development and correlated these elastic moduli with various cellular and extracellular aspects of the underlying histological microstructure. We found that local nerve tissue stiffness is spatially heterogeneous and evolves biphasically during maturation. Furthermore, we found the intracellular microtubule network and the extracellular matrix collagens type I and type IV as major contributors to the nerves' biomechanical properties, but surprisingly not cellular density and myelin content as previously shown for the central nervous system. Overall, these findings characterize the mechanical microenvironment that surrounds Schwann cells and neurons and will further our understanding of their mechanosensing mechanisms during nerve development. These data also provide the design of artificial nerve scaffolds to promote biomedical nerve regeneration therapies by considering mechanical properties that better reflect the nerve microenvironment.
Collapse
|
20
|
Casino P, Gozalbo-Rovira R, Rodríguez-Díaz J, Banerjee S, Boutaud A, Rubio V, Hudson BG, Saus J, Cervera J, Marina A. Structures of collagen IV globular domains: insight into associated pathologies, folding and network assembly. IUCRJ 2018; 5:765-779. [PMID: 30443360 PMCID: PMC6211539 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252518012459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Basement membranes are extracellular structures of epithelia and endothelia that have collagen IV scaffolds of triple α-chain helical protomers that associate end-to-end, forming networks. The molecular mechanisms by which the noncollagenous C-terminal domains of α-chains direct the selection and assembly of the α1α2α1 and α3α4α5 hetero-oligomers found in vivo remain obscure. Autoantibodies against the noncollagenous domains of the α3α4α5 hexamer or mutations therein cause Goodpasture's or Alport's syndromes, respectively. To gain further insight into oligomer-assembly mechanisms as well as into Goodpasture's and Alport's syndromes, crystal structures of non-collagenous domains produced by recombinant methods were determined. The spontaneous formation of canonical homohexamers (dimers of trimers) of these domains of the α1, α3 and α5 chains was shown and the components of the Goodpasture's disease epitopes were viewed. Crystal structures of the α2 and α4 non-collagenous domains generated by recombinant methods were also determined. These domains spontaneously form homo-oligomers that deviate from the canonical architectures since they have a higher number of subunits (dimers of tetramers and of hexamers, respectively). Six flexible structural motifs largely explain the architectural variations. These findings provide insight into noncollagenous domain folding, while supporting the in vivo operation of extrinsic mechanisms for restricting the self-assembly of noncollagenous domains. Intriguingly, Alport's syndrome missense mutations concentrate within the core that nucleates the folding of the noncollagenous domain, suggesting that this syndrome, when owing to missense changes, is a folding disorder that is potentially amenable to pharmacochaperone therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Casino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/ERI BIOTECMED, Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV–CSIC), Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER–ISCIII), Spain
| | - Roberto Gozalbo-Rovira
- Laboratorio de Reconocimiento Molecular, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina at Universitat de València, Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Reconocimiento Molecular, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina at Universitat de València, Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sreedatta Banerjee
- Department of Defense, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Vicente Rubio
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV–CSIC), Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER–ISCIII), Spain
| | - Billy G. Hudson
- Department of Medicine at Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Juan Saus
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular at Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, Blasco Ibáñez 15-17, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Cervera
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV–CSIC), Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER–ISCIII), Spain
- Laboratorio de Reconocimiento Molecular, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Marina
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV–CSIC), Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER–ISCIII), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Serrano-Coll H, Salazar-Peláez L, Acevedo-Saenz L, Cardona-Castro N. Mycobacterium leprae-induced nerve damage: direct and indirect mechanisms. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:5057473. [PMID: 30052986 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. This disease is characterized by skin and peripheral nerve trunk damage. The mechanisms responsible for the observed nerve damage in leprosy could be directly related to the ability of M. leprae to infect Schwann cells, leading to triggering of signaling events. Therefore, we hypothesize that in response to M. leprae infection, activation of the Notch signaling pathway in Schwann cells could play a crucial role in glial cell dedifferentiation. On the other hand, nerve damage evidenced in this disease may be additionally explained by indirect mechanisms such as the immune response and genetic susceptibility of the host. The understanding of the mechanisms leading to nerve damage induced by M. leprae infection will allow us to generate valuable tools for the early detection of leprosy as well as for the mitigation of the effects of this disabling disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Serrano-Coll
- Basic Science Research Group, School of Medicine, CES University, Calle 10 A No. 22-04, Medellín, Colombia.,School of Graduate Studies, CES University, Calle 10 A No. 22-04, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lina Salazar-Peláez
- Basic Science Research Group, School of Medicine, CES University, Calle 10 A No. 22-04, Medellín, Colombia.,School of Graduate Studies, CES University, Calle 10 A No. 22-04, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Liliana Acevedo-Saenz
- Basic Science Research Group, School of Medicine, CES University, Calle 10 A No. 22-04, Medellín, Colombia.,School of Graduate Studies, CES University, Calle 10 A No. 22-04, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Nora Cardona-Castro
- Basic Science Research Group, School of Medicine, CES University, Calle 10 A No. 22-04, Medellín, Colombia.,School of Graduate Studies, CES University, Calle 10 A No. 22-04, Medellín, Colombia.,Colombian Institute of Tropical Medicine (ICMT), Cra 43 A No. 52-99, Sabaneta, Antioquia, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim J, Elias A, Lee T, Maurel P, Kim HA. Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 Promotes Schwann Cell Myelination. ASN Neuro 2018; 9:1759091417745425. [PMID: 29198135 PMCID: PMC5718315 DOI: 10.1177/1759091417745425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) inhibits the activities of various metalloproteinases including matrix metalloproteinases and ADAM family proteins. In the peripheral nervous system, ADAM17, also known as TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE), cleaves the extracellular domain of Nrg1 type III, an axonal growth factor that is essential for Schwann cell myelination. The processing by ADAM17 attenuates Nrg1 signaling and inhibits Schwann cell myelination. TIMP-3 targets ADAM17, suggesting a possibility that TIMP-3 may elicit a promyelinating function in Schwann cells by relieving ADAM17-induced myelination block. To investigate this, we used a myelinating coculture system to determine the effect of TIMP-3 on Schwann cell myelination. Treatment with TIMP-3 enhanced myelin formation in cocultures, evident by an increase in the number of myelin segments and upregulated expression of Krox20 and myelin protein. The effect of TIMP-3 was accompanied by the inhibition of ADAM17 activity and an increase in Nrg1 type III signaling in cocultures. Accordingly, the N-terminus fragment of TIMP-3, which exhibits a selective inhibitory function toward ADAM17, elicited a similar myelination-promoting effect and increased Nrg1 type III activity. TIMP-3 also enhanced laminin production in cocultures, which is likely to aid Schwann cell myelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, 169278 Rutgers University , Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Anthony Elias
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, 169278 Rutgers University , Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Taeweon Lee
- 2 CardioMetabolic Disorders, 371104 Amgen Inc., South San Francisco , CA, USA
| | - Patrice Maurel
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, 169278 Rutgers University , Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Haesun A Kim
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, 169278 Rutgers University , Newark, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Analysis of regeneration- and myelination-associated proteins in human neuroma in continuity and discontinuity. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2018; 160:1269-1281. [PMID: 29656327 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-018-3544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromas are pathologic nerve distensions caused by a nerve's response to trauma, resulting in a dysfunctional to non-functional nerve. Depending on the severance of the affected nerve, the resulting neuroma can be differentiated into continuous and stump neuroma. While neuroma formation has been investigated in animal models with enormous regenerative capacity, the search for differences in human response to nerve trauma on a molecular level ultimately seeks to identify reasons for functionally successful versus unsuccessful regeneration after peripheral nerve trauma in man. METHODS In the present study, the regenerative potential of axons and the capability of Schwann cells (SC) to remyelinate regenerating axons was quantitatively and segmentally analyzed and compared within human neuroma in-continuity and discontinuity. RESULTS For the stump neuroma and the neuroma in-continuity, there was a significant reduction of the total number of axons (86% stump neuroma and 91% neuroma in-continuity) from the proximal to the distal part of the neuroma, while the amount of fibrotic tissue increased, respectively. Labeling the myelin sheath of regenerating axons revealed a remyelination of regenerating axons by SCs in both neuroma types. The segmented analysis showed no distinct alterations in the number and spatial distribution of regenerating, mature, and myelinated axons between continuous and discontinuous neuroma. CONCLUSIONS The quantitative and segmented analysis showed no distinct alterations in the number and spatial distribution of regenerating, mature, and myelinated axons between continuous and discontinuous neuroma, while the extensive expression of Gap43 in up to 55% of the human neuroma axons underlines their regenerative capacity independent of whether the neuroma is in continuity or discontinuity. Remyelination of Gap43-positive axons suggests that the capability of SCs to remyelinate regenerating axons is preserved in neuroma tissue.
Collapse
|
24
|
Rosso G, Young P, Shahin V. Implications of Schwann Cells Biomechanics and Mechanosensitivity for Peripheral Nervous System Physiology and Pathophysiology. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:345. [PMID: 29118694 PMCID: PMC5660964 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of bones around the central nervous system (CNS) provides it with highly effective physiologically crucial mechanical protection. The peripheral nervous system (PNS), in contrast, lacks this barrier. Consequently, the long held belief is that the PNS is mechanically vulnerable. On the other hand, the PNS is exposed to a variety of physiological mechanical stresses during regular daily activities. This fact prompts us to question the dogma of PNS mechanical vulnerability. As a matter of fact, impaired mechanics of PNS nerves is associated with neuropathies with the liability to mechanical stresses paralleled by significant impairment of PNS physiological functions. Our recent biomechanical integrity investigations on nerve fibers from wild-type and neuropathic mice lend strong support in favor of natural mechanical protection of the PNS and demonstrate a key role of Schwann cells (SCs) therein. Moreover, recent works point out that SCs can sense mechanical properties of their microenvironment and the evidence is growing that SCs mechanosensitivity is important for PNS development and myelination. Hence, SCs exhibit mechanical strength necessary for PNS mechanoprotection as well as mechanosensitivity necessary for PNS development and myelination. This mini review reflects on the intriguing dual ability of SCs and implications for PNS physiology and pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Rosso
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Young
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Victor Shahin
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rosso G, Liashkovich I, Young P, Shahin V. Nano-scale Biophysical and Structural Investigations on Intact and Neuropathic Nerve Fibers by Simultaneous Combination of Atomic Force and Confocal Microscopy. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:277. [PMID: 28912683 PMCID: PMC5582161 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The links between neuropathies of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), including Charcot-Marie-Tooth1A and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies, and impaired biomechanical and structural integrity of PNS nerves remain poorly understood despite the medical urgency. Here, we present a protocol describing simultaneous structural and biomechanical integrity investigations on isolated nerve fibers, the building blocks of nerves. Nerve fibers are prepared from nerves harvested from wild-type and exemplary PNS neuropathy mouse models. The basic principle of the designed experimental approach is based on the simultaneous combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal microscopy. AFM is used to visualize the surface structure of nerve fibers at nano-scale resolution. The simultaneous combination of AFM and confocal microscopy is used to perform biomechanical, structural, and functional integrity measurements at nano- to micro-scale. Isolation of sciatic nerves and subsequent teasing of nerve fibers take ~45 min. Teased fibers can be maintained at 37°C in a culture medium and kept viable for up to 6 h allowing considerable time for all measurements which require 3–4 h. The approach is designed to be widely applicable for nerve fibers from mice of any PNS neuropathy. It can be extended to human nerve biopsies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Rosso
- Institute of Physiology II, WWU MünsterMünster, Germany
| | | | - Peter Young
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular DisordersMünster, Germany
| | - Victor Shahin
- Institute of Physiology II, WWU MünsterMünster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cummings CF, Pedchenko V, Brown KL, Colon S, Rafi M, Jones-Paris C, Pokydeshava E, Liu M, Pastor-Pareja JC, Stothers C, Ero-Tolliver IA, McCall AS, Vanacore R, Bhave G, Santoro S, Blackwell TS, Zent R, Pozzi A, Hudson BG. Extracellular chloride signals collagen IV network assembly during basement membrane formation. J Cell Biol 2017; 213:479-94. [PMID: 27216258 PMCID: PMC4878091 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201510065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Basement membranes are defining features of the cellular microenvironment; however, little is known regarding their assembly outside cells. We report that extracellular Cl(-) ions signal the assembly of collagen IV networks outside cells by triggering a conformational switch within collagen IV noncollagenous 1 (NC1) domains. Depletion of Cl(-) in cell culture perturbed collagen IV networks, disrupted matrix architecture, and repositioned basement membrane proteins. Phylogenetic evidence indicates this conformational switch is a fundamental mechanism of collagen IV network assembly throughout Metazoa. Using recombinant triple helical protomers, we prove that NC1 domains direct both protomer and network assembly and show in Drosophila that NC1 architecture is critical for incorporation into basement membranes. These discoveries provide an atomic-level understanding of the dynamic interactions between extracellular Cl(-) and collagen IV assembly outside cells, a critical step in the assembly and organization of basement membranes that enable tissue architecture and function. Moreover, this provides a mechanistic framework for understanding the molecular pathobiology of NC1 domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Vadim Pedchenko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kyle L Brown
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Selene Colon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Mohamed Rafi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Celestial Jones-Paris
- Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Elena Pokydeshava
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Min Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - Cody Stothers
- Department of Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Isi A Ero-Tolliver
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - A Scott McCall
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Roberto Vanacore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Gautam Bhave
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Samuel Santoro
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hundepool CA, Nijhuis THJ, Kotsougiani D, Friedrich PF, Bishop AT, Shin AY. Optimizing decellularization techniques to create a new nerve allograft: an in vitro study using rodent nerve segments. Neurosurg Focus 2017; 42:E4. [DOI: 10.3171/2017.1.focus16462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Commercially available processed nerve allografts have been shown to be inferior to autografts in previous animal studies. The authors hypothesized that combining different processing and storage techniques will result in improved nerve ultrastructure preservation, lower immunogenicity, and minimized cellular debris. Different processing protocols were evaluated using chemical detergents, enzymes, and irradiation, with the addition the of enzyme elastase, were used. Additionally, the difference between cold and frozen storage was investigated. The goal of this study was to create an optimized nerve allograft.
METHODS
Fifty rat nerves were decellularized with modifications of previous protocols and the addition of elastase. Subsequently, the nerve segments were stored at either 4°C or −80°C. Both processed and fresh control nerves were analyzed with confocal microscopy using immunohistochemical staining on the basal lamina (laminin γ-1), Schwann cells (S100 protein), and immunogenicity using major histocompatibility complex–I (MHCI) staining. Morphology of the ultrastructure and amount of cellular debris were analyzed on cross-sections of the nerves stained with toluidine blue and H & E, and by using electron microscopy.
RESULTS
Nerve ultrastructure was preserved with all decellularization protocols. Storage at −80°C severely altered nerve ultrastructure after any decellularization method. Elastase was found to significantly reduce the immunogenicity and amount of Schwann cells, while maintaining good structural properties.
CONCLUSIONS
Reduced immunogenicity, diminished cellular debris, and the elimination of Schwann cells was observed when elastase was added to the nerve processing while maintaining ultrastructure. Storage at −80°C after the decellularization process heavily damaged the nerve ultrastructure as compared with cold storage. Further in vivo studies are needed to prove the nerve regenerative capacity of these optimized allografts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A. Hundepool
- 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Microvascular Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
- 2Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim H. J. Nijhuis
- 2Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitra Kotsougiani
- 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Microvascular Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Patricia F. Friedrich
- 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Microvascular Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Allen T. Bishop
- 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Microvascular Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Alexander Y. Shin
- 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Microvascular Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gonçalves NP, Vægter CB, Andersen H, Østergaard L, Calcutt NA, Jensen TS. Schwann cell interactions with axons and microvessels in diabetic neuropathy. Nat Rev Neurol 2017; 13:135-147. [PMID: 28134254 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes worldwide is at pandemic levels, with the number of patients increasing by 5% annually. The most common complication of diabetes is peripheral neuropathy, which has a prevalence as high as 50% and is characterized by damage to neurons, Schwann cells and blood vessels within the nerve. The pathogenic mechanisms of diabetic neuropathy remain poorly understood, impeding the development of targeted therapies to treat nerve degeneration and its most disruptive consequences of sensory loss and neuropathic pain. Involvement of Schwann cells has long been proposed, and new research techniques are beginning to unravel a complex interplay between these cells, axons and microvessels that is compromised during the development of diabetic neuropathy. In this Review, we discuss the evolving concept of Schwannopathy as an integral factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy, and how disruption of the interactions between Schwann cells, axons and microvessels contribute to the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nádia P Gonçalves
- The International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium (IDNC), Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian B Vægter
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henning Andersen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Pain Research Center and IDNC, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Leif Østergaard
- Department of Neuroradiology and Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nigel A Calcutt
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Troels S Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Pain Research Center and IDNC, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jones-Paris CR, Paria S, Berg T, Saus J, Bhave G, Paria BC, Hudson BG. Embryo implantation triggers dynamic spatiotemporal expression of the basement membrane toolkit during uterine reprogramming. Matrix Biol 2017; 57-58:347-365. [PMID: 27619726 PMCID: PMC5328942 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are specialized extracellular scaffolds that influence behaviors of cells in epithelial, endothelial, muscle, nervous, and fat tissues. Throughout development and in response to injury or disease, BMs are fine-tuned with specific protein compositions, ultrastructure, and localization. These features are modulated through implements of the BM toolkit that is comprised of collagen IV, laminin, perlecan, and nidogen. Two additional proteins, peroxidasin and Goodpasture antigen-binding protein (GPBP), have recently emerged as potential members of the toolkit. In the present study, we sought to determine whether peroxidasin and GPBP undergo dynamic regulation in the assembly of uterine tissue BMs in early pregnancy as a tractable model for dynamic adult BMs. We explored these proteins in the context of collagen IV and laminin that are known to extensively change for decidualization. Electron microscopic analyses revealed: 1) a smooth continuous layer of BM in between the epithelial and stromal layers of the preimplantation endometrium; and 2) interrupted, uneven, and progressively thickened BM within the pericellular space of the postimplantation decidua. Quantification of mRNA levels by qPCR showed changes in expression levels that were complemented by immunofluorescence localization of peroxidasin, GPBP, collagen IV, and laminin. Novel BM-associated and subcellular spatiotemporal localization patterns of the four components suggest both collective pericellular functions and distinct functions in the uterus during reprogramming for embryo implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celestial R Jones-Paris
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Aspirnaut, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sayan Paria
- Aspirnaut, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Taloa Berg
- Aspirnaut, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Juan Saus
- Valencia University Medical School, Valencia, Spain; Fibrostatin, SL, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gautam Bhave
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Bibhash C Paria
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Valencia University Medical School, Valencia, Spain; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology Nashville, TN, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Myelin is a lipid-rich sheath formed by the spiral wrapping of specialized glial cells around axon segments. Myelinating glia allow for rapid transmission of nerve impulses and metabolic support of axons, and the absence of or disruption to myelin results in debilitating motor, cognitive, and emotional deficits in humans. Because myelin is a jawed vertebrate innovation, zebrafish are one of the simplest vertebrate model systems to study the genetics and development of myelinating glia. The morphogenetic cellular movements and genetic program that drive myelination are conserved between zebrafish and mammals, and myelin develops rapidly in zebrafish larvae, within 3-5days postfertilization. Myelin ultrastructure can be visualized in the zebrafish from larval to adult stages via transmission electron microscopy, and the dynamic development of myelinating glial cells may be observed in vivo via transgenic reporter lines in zebrafish larvae. Zebrafish are amenable to genetic and pharmacological screens, and screens for myelinating glial phenotypes have revealed both genes and drugs that promote myelin development, many of which are conserved in mammalian glia. Recently, zebrafish have been employed as a model to understand the complex dynamics of myelinating glia during development and regeneration. In this chapter, we describe these key methodologies and recent insights into mechanisms that regulate myelination using the zebrafish model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D'Rozario
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - K R Monk
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Schwann Cell Exosomes Mediate Neuron–Glia Communication and Enhance Axonal Regeneration. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36:429-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
32
|
Mammadov B, Sever M, Gecer M, Zor F, Ozturk S, Akgun H, Ulas UH, Orhan Z, Guler MO, Tekinay AB. Sciatic nerve regeneration induced by glycosaminoglycan and laminin mimetic peptide nanofiber gels. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24450e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptide gels enhance the regeneration of peripheral nerve injuries, which affect 20 million patients in the USA.
Collapse
|
33
|
Rasband MN, Peles E. The Nodes of Ranvier: Molecular Assembly and Maintenance. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2015; 8:a020495. [PMID: 26354894 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a020495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Action potential (AP) propagation in myelinated nerves requires clustered voltage gated sodium and potassium channels. These channels must be specifically localized to nodes of Ranvier where the AP is regenerated. Several mechanisms have evolved to facilitate and ensure the correct assembly and stabilization of these essential axonal domains. This review highlights the current understanding of the axon intrinsic and glial extrinsic mechanisms that control the formation and maintenance of the nodes of Ranvier in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Rasband
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Elior Peles
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Petersen SC, Luo R, Liebscher I, Giera S, Jeong SJ, Mogha A, Ghidinelli M, Feltri ML, Schöneberg T, Piao X, Monk KR. The adhesion GPCR GPR126 has distinct, domain-dependent functions in Schwann cell development mediated by interaction with laminin-211. Neuron 2015; 85:755-69. [PMID: 25695270 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Myelin ensheathes axons to allow rapid propagation of action potentials and proper nervous system function. In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells (SCs) radially sort axons into a 1:1 relationship before wrapping an axonal segment to form myelin. SC myelination requires the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor GPR126, which undergoes autoproteolytic cleavage into an N-terminal fragment (NTF) and a seven-transmembrane-containing C-terminal fragment (CTF). Here we show that GPR126 has domain-specific functions in SC development whereby the NTF is necessary and sufficient for axon sorting, whereas the CTF promotes wrapping through cAMP elevation. These biphasic roles of GPR126 are governed by interactions with Laminin-211, which we define as a novel ligand for GPR126 that modulates receptor signaling via a tethered agonist. Our work suggests a model in which Laminin-211 mediates GPR126-induced cAMP levels to control early and late stages of SC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Petersen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rong Luo
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ines Liebscher
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Giera
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sung-Jin Jeong
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amit Mogha
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Monica Ghidinelli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14023, USA
| | - M Laura Feltri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14023, USA
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xianhua Piao
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Kelly R Monk
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bacallao K, Monje PV. Requirement of cAMP signaling for Schwann cell differentiation restricts the onset of myelination. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116948. [PMID: 25705874 PMCID: PMC4338006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated Schwann cells (SCs) respond to cAMP elevation by adopting a differentiated post-mitotic state that exhibits high levels of Krox-20, a transcriptional enhancer of myelination, and mature SC markers such as the myelin lipid galactocerebroside (O1). To address how cAMP controls myelination, we performed a series of cell culture experiments which compared the differentiating responses of isolated and axon-related SCs to cAMP analogs and ascorbate, a known inducer of axon ensheathment, basal lamina formation and myelination. In axon-related SCs, cAMP induced the expression of Krox-20 and O1 without a concomitant increase in the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and without promoting axon ensheathment, collagen synthesis or basal lamina assembly. When cAMP was provided together with ascorbate, a dramatic enhancement of MBP expression occurred, indicating that cAMP primes SCs to form myelin only under conditions supportive of basal lamina formation. Experiments using a combination of cell permeable cAMP analogs and type-selective adenylyl cyclase (AC) agonists and antagonists revealed that selective transmembrane AC (tmAC) activation with forskolin was not sufficient for full SC differentiation and that the attainment of an O1 positive state also relied on the activity of the soluble AC (sAC), a bicarbonate sensor that is insensitive to forskolin and GPCR activation. Pharmacological and immunological evidence indicated that SCs expressed sAC and that sAC activity was required for morphological differentiation and the expression of myelin markers such as O1 and protein zero. To conclude, our data indicates that cAMP did not directly drive myelination but rather the transition into an O1 positive state, which is perhaps the most critical cAMP-dependent rate limiting step for the onset of myelination. The temporally restricted role of cAMP in inducing differentiation independently of basal lamina formation provides a clear example of the uncoupling of signals controlling differentiation and myelination in SCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ketty Bacallao
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Paula V. Monje
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Romano NH, Madl CM, Heilshorn SC. Matrix RGD ligand density and L1CAM-mediated Schwann cell interactions synergistically enhance neurite outgrowth. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:48-57. [PMID: 25308870 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The innate biological response to peripheral nerve injury involves a complex interplay of multiple molecular cues to guide neurites across the injury gap. Many current strategies to stimulate regeneration take inspiration from this biological response. However, little is known about the balance of cell-matrix and Schwann cell-neurite dynamics required for regeneration of neural architectures. We present an engineered extracellular matrix (eECM) microenvironment with tailored cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions to study their individual and combined effects on neurite outgrowth. This eECM regulates cell-matrix interactions by presenting integrin-binding RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) ligands at specified densities. Simultaneously, the addition or exclusion of nerve growth factor (NGF) is used to modulate L1CAM-mediated Schwann cell-neurite interactions. Individually, increasing the RGD ligand density from 0.16 to 3.2mM resulted in increasing neurite lengths. In matrices presenting higher RGD ligand densities, neurite outgrowth was synergistically enhanced in the presence of soluble NGF. Analysis of Schwann cell migration and co-localization with neurites revealed that NGF enhanced cooperative outgrowth between the two cell types. Interestingly, neurites in NGF-supplemented conditions were unable to extend on the surrounding eECM without the assistance of Schwann cells. Blocking studies revealed that L1CAM is primarily responsible for these Schwann cell-neurite interactions. Without NGF supplementation, neurite outgrowth was unaffected by L1CAM blocking or the depletion of Schwann cells. These results underscore the synergistic interplay between cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions in enhancing neurite outgrowth for peripheral nerve regeneration.
Collapse
|
37
|
Rosso G, Liashkovich I, Gess B, Young P, Kun A, Shahin V. Unravelling crucial biomechanical resilience of myelinated peripheral nerve fibres provided by the Schwann cell basal lamina and PMP22. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7286. [PMID: 25446378 PMCID: PMC4250911 DOI: 10.1038/srep07286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for the research of the close and enigmatic relationship between nerve biomechanics and the development of neuropathies. Here we present a research strategy based on the application atomic force and confocal microscopy for simultaneous nerve biomechanics and integrity investigations. Using wild-type and hereditary neuropathy mouse models, we reveal surprising mechanical protection of peripheral nerves. Myelinated peripheral wild-type fibres promptly and fully recover from acute enormous local mechanical compression while maintaining functional and structural integrity. The basal lamina which enwraps each myelinated fibre separately is identified as the major contributor to the striking fibre's resilience and integrity. In contrast, neuropathic fibres lacking the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22), which is closely connected with several hereditary human neuropathies, fail to recover from light compression. Interestingly, the structural arrangement of the basal lamina of Pmp22−/− fibres is significantly altered compared to wild-type fibres. In conclusion, the basal lamina and PMP22 act in concert to contribute to a resilience and integrity of peripheral nerves at the single fibre level. Our findings and the presented technology set the stage for a comprehensive research of the links between nerve biomechanics and neuropathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Rosso
- Institute of Physiology II, WWU Münster, Robert-Koch-Straße 27b 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ivan Liashkovich
- Institute of Physiology II, WWU Münster, Robert-Koch-Straße 27b 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Burkhard Gess
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, Geb. A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Young
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, Geb. A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alejandra Kun
- Department of Proteins and Nucleic Acids, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Victor Shahin
- Institute of Physiology II, WWU Münster, Robert-Koch-Straße 27b 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Beirowski B. Concepts for regulation of axon integrity by enwrapping glia. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:256. [PMID: 24391540 PMCID: PMC3867696 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long axons and their enwrapping glia (EG; Schwann cells (SCs) and oligodendrocytes (OLGs)) form a unique compound structure that serves as conduit for transport of electric and chemical information in the nervous system. The peculiar cytoarchitecture over an enormous length as well as its substantial energetic requirements make this conduit particularly susceptible to detrimental alterations. Degeneration of long axons independent of neuronal cell bodies is observed comparatively early in a range of neurodegenerative conditions as a consequence of abnormalities in SCs and OLGs . This leads to the most relevant disease symptoms and highlights the critical role that these glia have for axon integrity, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The quest to understand why and how axons degenerate is now a crucial frontier in disease-oriented research. This challenge is most likely to lead to significant progress if the inextricable link between axons and their flanking glia in pathological situations is recognized. In this review I compile recent advances in our understanding of the molecular programs governing axon degeneration, and mechanisms of EG’s non-cell autonomous impact on axon-integrity. A particular focus is placed on emerging evidence suggesting that EG nurture long axons by virtue of their intimate association, release of trophic substances, and neurometabolic coupling. The correction of defects in these functions has the potential to stabilize axons in a variety of neuronal diseases in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system (PNS and CNS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Beirowski
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
CAP1 was associated with actin and involved in Schwann cell differentiation and motility after sciatic nerve injury. J Mol Histol 2013; 45:337-48. [PMID: 24272071 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-013-9554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1), a member of cyclase-associated proteins that regulating actin dynamics, was shown to regulate actin filaments, localize to dynamic actin structures and mediate such processes as establishment of cell polarity, motility, morphogenesis, receptor-mediated endocytosis and mRNA location. But little is known about the role of CAP1 during peripheral nervous system injury. Here, we found the spatiotemporal protein expression of CAP1 after sciatic nerve crush. After crush, CAP1 had an increased protein expression level, reached a peak at about day 5 and then returned to the normal level at 4 weeks, similar to Oct-6. Besides, in 5-day injured tissue, using double immunofluorescent staining we found CAP1 had a colocalization with S100 and Oct-6. In vitro, during the process of cAMP-induced Schwann cells differentiation, we observed enhanced expression of CAP1 and P0. Specially, CAP1-specific siRNA-tranfected SCs did not show significant actin structure which form cellure surface tension and protrusion shape after cAMP treatment. And we observed the interaction of CAP1 with actin and that CAP1-specific siRNA-transfected SCs had a decreased motility and migration. Together, all these data indicated that the change of CAP1 protein expression was associated with Schwann cells motility and differentiation after the crush of sciatic nerve.
Collapse
|
40
|
Genetic deletion of Cadm4 results in myelin abnormalities resembling Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. J Neurosci 2013; 33:10950-61. [PMID: 23825401 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0571-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between myelinating Schwann cells and the axons they ensheath is mediated by cell adhesion molecules of the Cadm/Necl/SynCAM family. This family consists of four members: Cadm4/Necl4 and Cadm1/Necl2 are found in both glia and axons, whereas Cadm2/Necl3 and Cadm3/Necl1 are expressed by sensory and motor neurons. By generating mice lacking each of the Cadm genes, we now demonstrate that Cadm4 plays a role in the establishment of the myelin unit in the peripheral nervous system. Mice lacking Cadm4 (PGK-Cre/Cadm4(fl/fl)), but not Cadm1, Cadm2, or Cadm3, develop focal hypermyelination characterized by tomacula and myelin outfoldings, which are the hallmark of several Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies. The absence of Cadm4 also resulted in abnormal axon-glial contact and redistribution of ion channels along the axon. These neuropathological features were also found in transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative mutant of Cadm4 lacking its cytoplasmic domain in myelinating glia Tg(mbp-Cadm4dCT), as well as in mice lacking Cadm4 specifically in Schwann cells (DHH-Cre/Cadm4(fl/fl)). Consistent with these abnormalities, both PGK-Cre/Cadm4(fl/fl) and Tg(mbp-Cadm4dCT) mice exhibit impaired motor function and slower nerve conduction velocity. These findings indicate that Cadm4 regulates the growth of the myelin unit and the organization of the underlying axonal membrane.
Collapse
|
41
|
Verslegers M, Lemmens K, Van Hove I, Moons L. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 as promising benefactors in development, plasticity and repair of the nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 105:60-78. [PMID: 23567503 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been 50 years since Gross and Lapiere discovered collagenolytic activity during tadpole tail metamorphosis, which was later on revealed as MMP-1, the founding member of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Currently, MMPs constitute a large group of endoproteases that are not only able to cleave all protein components of the extracellular matrix, but also to activate or inactivate many other signaling molecules, such as receptors, adhesion molecules and growth factors. Elevated MMP levels are associated with an increasing number of injuries and disorders, such as cancer, inflammation and auto-immune diseases. Yet, MMP upregulation has also been implicated in many physiological functions such as embryonic development, wound healing and angiogenesis and therefore, these proteinases are considered to be crucial mediators in many biological processes. Over the past decennia, MMP research has gained considerable attention in several pathologies, most prominently in the field of cancer metastasis, and more recent investigations also focus on the nervous system, with a striking emphasis on the gelatinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Unfortunately, the contribution of these gelatinases to neuropathological disorders, like multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease, has overshadowed their potential as modulators of fundamental nervous system functions. Within this review, we wish to highlight the currently known or suggested actions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the developing and adult nervous system and their potential to improve repair or regeneration after nervous system injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Verslegers
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ness JK, Snyder KM, Tapinos N. Lck tyrosine kinase mediates β1-integrin signalling to regulate Schwann cell migration and myelination. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1912. [PMID: 23715271 PMCID: PMC3674276 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between laminin and β1-integrin on the surface of Schwann cells regulates Schwann cell proliferation, maturation and differentiation. However, the signalling mediators that fine-tune these outcomes are not fully elucidated. Here we show that lymphoid cell kinase is the crucial effector of β1-integrin signalling in Schwann cells. Lymphoid cell kinase is activated after laminin treatment of Schwann cells, while downregulation of β1-integrin with short interfering RNAs inhibits lymphoid cell kinase phosphorylation. Treatment of Schwann cells with a selective lymphoid cell kinase inhibitor reveals a pathway that involves paxillin and CrkII, which ultimately elevates Rac-GTP levels to induce radial lamellipodia formation. Inhibition of lymphoid cell kinase in Schwann cell-dorsal root ganglion cocultures and dorsal root ganglions from Lck(-/-) mice show a reduction of Schwann cell longitudinal migration, reduced myelin formation and internode length. Finally, Lck(-/-) mice exhibit delays in myelination, thinner myelin with abnormal g-ratios and aberrant myelin outfoldings. Our data implicate lymphoid cell kinase as a major regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics, migration and myelination in the peripheral nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. Ness
- Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822, USA
| | - Kristin M. Snyder
- Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822, USA
| | - Nikos Tapinos
- Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jiang H, Qu W, Li Y, Zhong W, Zhang W. Platelet-derived growth factors-BB and fibroblast growth factors-base induced proliferation of Schwann cells in a 3D environment. Neurochem Res 2012. [PMID: 23179587 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of neonatal Schwann cells (SCs) in response to mitogenic agents has been well analyzed in vitro (mono-layer-culture method, 2D environment), but not in vivo (3D environment). To assess the mitogenic effect of platelet-derived growth factors-BB (PDGF-BB), Fibroblast Growth Factors-base (bFGF), and their combinations for SCs in collagen gel (three-dimensional, 3D environment), we have developed an integrated microfluidic device on which can reproducibly measure the proliferation from small number of cells (1-100). The rat SCs were cultured for 4 week at the different concentrations of growth factors generated by concentration gradient generator. In the collagen gel culture, almost all of the cells in colonies presented a round cell morphology and maintained their round morphology by the 4th week. The results showed that PDGF-BB and bFGF are all capable of moderately stimulating SCs growth and every group reached the peak in the growth curve at 3 weeks. Moreover, the proliferation test using the conventional method was performed simultaneously and revealed similar results. The biggest difference between 2D and 3D was that cells decrease more remarkable in 3D than that in 2D at 4 weeks. And at 2 and 3 weeks, the growth rate in the collagen gel with 7.14/2.86 and 8.57/1.43 ng/mL groups was higher than that in the mono-layer culture. Our results showed that PDGF-BB and bFGF are capable of moderately stimulating neonatal SCs growth, respectively and synergistically, and the microfluidic technique is highly controllable, contamination free, fully automatic, and inexpensive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road No. 222, Dalian 116011, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dias FDA, dos Santos ALS, Lery LMS, Alves e Silva TL, Oliveira MM, Bisch PM, Saraiva EM, Souto-Padrón TC, Lopes AH. Evidence that a laminin-like insect protein mediates early events in the interaction of a Phytoparasite with its vector's salivary gland. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48170. [PMID: 23118944 PMCID: PMC3485148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytomonas species are plant parasites of the family Trypanosomatidae, which are transmitted by phytophagous insects. Some Phytomonas species cause major agricultural damages. The hemipteran Oncopeltus fasciatus is natural and experimental host for several species of trypanosomatids, including Phytomonas spp. The invasion of the insect vectors' salivary glands is one of the most important events for the life cycle of Phytomonas species. In the present study, we show the binding of Phytomonas serpens at the external face of O. fasciatus salivary glands by means of scanning electron microscopy and the in vitro interaction of living parasites with total proteins from the salivary glands in ligand blotting assays. This binding occurs primarily through an interaction with a 130 kDa salivary gland protein. The mass spectrometry of the trypsin-digest of this protein matched 23% of human laminin-5 β3 chain precursor sequence by 16 digested peptides. A protein sequence search through the transcriptome of O. fasciatus embryo showed a partial sequence with 51% similarity to human laminin β3 subunit. Anti-human laminin-5 β3 chain polyclonal antibodies recognized the 130 kDa protein by immunoblotting. The association of parasites with the salivary glands was strongly inhibited by human laminin-5, by the purified 130 kDa insect protein, and by polyclonal antibodies raised against the human laminin-5 β3 chain. This is the first report demonstrating that a laminin-like molecule from the salivary gland of O. fasciatus acts as a receptor for Phytomonas binding. The results presented in this investigation are important findings that will support further studies that aim at developing new approaches to prevent the transmission of Phytomonas species from insects to plants and vice-versa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe de Almeida Dias
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Bioquimica Medica, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Luiz Alves e Silva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Martins Oliveira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mascarello Bisch
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elvira Maria Saraiva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Angela Hampshire Lopes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Vidal CJ, Montenegro MF, Muñoz-Delgado E, Campoy FJ, Cabezas-Herrera J, Moral-Naranjo MT. The AChE membrane-binding tail PRiMA is down-regulated in muscle and nerve of mice with muscular dystrophy by merosin deficiency. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 203:330-4. [PMID: 22906800 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Since Duchenne muscular dystrophy was attributed to mutations in the dystrophin gene, more than 30 genes have been found to be causally related with muscular dystrophies, about half of them encoding proteins of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC). Through laminin-2, the DGC bridges the muscle cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. Decreased levels of PRiMA-linked acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) have been observed in dystrophic muscle and nerve of dystrophin-deficient (mdx) and laminin-2 deficient (Lama2dy) mice. To help explain these observations, the relative content of AChE, BuChE and PRiMA mRNAs were compared in normal and Lama2dy mouse muscle and sciatic nerve. The 17-fold lower level of PRiMA mRNA in Lama2dy muscle explained the deficit in PRiMA-linked ChEs. This would increase acetylcholine availability and, eventually, the desensitization of nicotinic receptors. Abnormal development of the Schwann cells led to peripheral neuropathy in the Lama2dy mouse. Compared with normal nerve, dystrophic nerve displayed 4-fold less AChE-T mRNA, 3-fold more BuChE mRNA and 2.5-fold less PRiMA mRNA, which agreed with the lower AChE activity in dystrophic nerve, its increased BuChE activity and the specific drop in PRiMA-linked BuChE. The widely accepted role of glial cells as the source of BuChE, the observed dysmyelination of Lama2dy nerve and its increased BuChE activity support the idea that BuChE up-regulation is related with the aberrant differentiation of the Schwann cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Vidal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Edificio de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, E-30071 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kasten-Jolly J, Pabello N, Bolivar VJ, Lawrence DA. Developmental lead effects on behavior and brain gene expression in male and female BALB/cAnNTac mice. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:1005-20. [PMID: 22609695 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) was one of the first poisons identified, and the developing nervous system is particularly vulnerable to its toxic effects. Relatively low, subclinical doses, of Pb that produce no overt signs of encephalopathy can affect cognitive, emotional, and motor functions. In the present study, the effects of developmental Pb-exposure on behavioral performance and gene expression in BALB/cAnNTac mice were evaluated. Pups were exposed to Pb from gestational-day (gd) 8 to postnatal-day (pnd) 21 and later evaluated in exploratory behavior, rotarod, Morris water maze, and resident-intruder assays as adults. Pb-exposure caused significant alterations in exploratory behavior and water maze performance during the probe trial, but rotarod performance was not affected. Pb-exposed males displayed violent behavior towards their cage mates, but not to a stranger in the resident-intruder assay. Gene expression analysis at pnd21 by microarray and qRT-PCR was performed to provide a molecular link to the behavior changes that were observed. Pb strongly up-regulated gene expression within the signaling pathways of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), extra-cellular matrix (ECM) receptor, focal adhesion, and vascular endothelial growth-factor (VEGF), but Pb down-regulated gene expression within the pathways for glycan structures-biosynthesis 1, purine metabolism, and N-glycan biosynthesis. Pb increased transcription of genes for major histocompatibility (MHC) proteins, the chemokine Ccl28, chemokine receptors, IL-7, IL7R, and proteases. The qRT-PCR analysis indicated an increase of gene expression in the whole brain for caspase 1 and NOS2. Analysis of IL-1β, caspase 1, NOS2, Trail, IL-18 and IL-33 gene expression of brain regions indicated that Pb perturbed the inter-regional expression pattern of pro-inflammatory genes. Brain region protein concentrations for IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, showed a significant decrease only within the cortex region. Results indicate that Pb differentially affects the behavior of male and female mice in that females did less exploration and the males were selectively more aggressive. Gene expression data pointed to evidence of neuroinflammation in the brain of both female and male mice. Pb had more of an effect in the males on expression of vomeronasal receptor genes associated with odor detection and social behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kasten-Jolly
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lin YC, Marra KG. Injectable systems and implantable conduits for peripheral nerve repair. Biomed Mater 2012; 7:024102. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/7/2/024102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
48
|
Kim Y, Remacle AG, Chernov AV, Liu H, Shubayev I, Lai C, Dolkas J, Shiryaev SA, Golubkov VS, Mizisin AP, Strongin AY, Shubayev VI. The MMP-9/TIMP-1 axis controls the status of differentiation and function of myelin-forming Schwann cells in nerve regeneration. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33664. [PMID: 22438979 PMCID: PMC3306282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myelinating Schwann cells (mSCs) form myelin in the peripheral nervous system. Because of the works by us and others, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has recently emerged as an essential component of the Schwann cell signaling network during sciatic nerve regeneration. Methodology/Principal Findings In the present study, using the genome-wide transcriptional profiling of normal and injured sciatic nerves in mice followed by extensive bioinformatics analyses of the data, we determined that an endogenous, specific MMP-9 inhibitor [tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1] was a top up-regulated gene in the injured nerve. MMP-9 capture followed by gelatin zymography and Western blotting of the isolated samples revealed the presence of the MMP-9/TIMP-1 heterodimers and the activated MMP-9 enzyme in the injured nerve within the first 24 h post-injury. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 co-localized in mSCs. Knockout of the MMP-9 gene in mice resulted in elevated numbers of de-differentiated/immature mSCs in the damaged nerve. Our comparative studies using MMP-9 knockout and wild-type mice documented an aberrantly enhanced proliferative activity and, accordingly, an increased number of post-mitotic Schwann cells, short internodes and additional nodal abnormalities in remyelinated nerves of MMP-9 knockout mice. These data imply that during the first days post-injury MMP-9 exhibits a functionally important anti-mitogenic activity in the wild-type mice. Pharmacological inhibition of MMP activity suppressed the expression of Nav1.7/1.8 channels in the crushed nerves. Conclusion/Significance Collectively, our data established an essential role of the MMP-9/TIMP-1 axis in guiding the mSC differentiation and the molecular assembly of myelin domains in the course of the nerve repair process. Our findings of the MMP-dependent regulation of Nav channels, which we document here for the first time, provide a basis for therapeutic intervention in sensorimotor pathologies and pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngsoon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Albert G. Remacle
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Andrei V. Chernov
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Huaqing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Igor Shubayev
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Calvin Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Dolkas
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sergey A. Shiryaev
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Vladislav S. Golubkov
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Mizisin
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alex Y. Strongin
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Veronica I. Shubayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lou D, Sun B, Wei H, Deng X, Chen H, Xu D, Li G, Xu H, Wang Y. Spatiotemporal Expression of Testicular Protein Kinase 1 After Rat Sciatic Nerve Injury. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 47:180-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9712-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
50
|
Simons M, Snaidero N, Aggarwal S. Cell polarity in myelinating glia: from membrane flow to diffusion barriers. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1821:1146-53. [PMID: 22314181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Myelin-forming glia are highly polarized cells that synthesize as an extension of their plasma membrane, a multilayered myelin membrane sheath, with a unique protein and lipid composition. In most cells polarity is established by the polarized exocytosis of membrane vesicles to the distinct plasma membrane domains. Since myelin is composed of a stack of tightly packed membrane layers that do not leave sufficient space for the vesicular trafficking, we hypothesize that myelin does not use polarized exocytosis as a primary mechanism, but rather depends on lateral transport of membrane components in the plasma membrane. We suggest a model in which vesicle-mediated transport is confined to the cytoplasmic channels, from where transport to the compacted areas occurs by lateral flow of cargo within the plasma membrane. A diffusion barrier that is formed by MBP and the two adjacent cytoplasmic leaflets of the myelin bilayers acts a molecular sieve and regulates the flow of the components. Finally, we highlight potential mechanism that may contribute to the assembly of specific lipids within myelin. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Lipids and Vesicular Transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Simons
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|