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Dabrowski KR, Daws SE. Morphine-Driven m6A Epitranscriptomic Neuroadaptations in Primary Cortical Cultures. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04219-z. [PMID: 38780720 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Opioid overdose is the leading cause of accidental death in the United States and remains a major public health concern, despite significant resources aimed at combating opioid misuse. Neurobiological research to elucidate molecular and cellular consequences of opioid exposure is required to define avenues to explore for reversal of opioid-induced neuroadaptations. Opioids impart well-documented regulation of the transcriptome and epigenetic modifications in the brain, but opioid-induced epitranscriptomic posttranscriptional regulation of RNA is vastly understudied. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is significantly enriched in the brain and involved in learning, memory, and reward. m6A modifications have not been studied in opioid use disorder, despite being the most common RNA modification. We detected significant regulation of m6A-modifying enzymes in rat primary cortical cultures following morphine treatment, including AlkB Homolog 5 (Alkbh5). The m6a demethylase ALKBH5 functions as an m6A eraser, removing m6A modifications from mRNA. We hypothesized that chronic opioid treatment regulates m6A modifications through modulation of Alkbh5 and profiled m6A modifications in primary cortical cultures following chronic morphine treatment and Alkbh5 knock-down. We observed differential regulation of m6A modifications for a common set of transcripts following morphine or Alkbh5 knock-down, and the two treatments elicited concordant m6A epitranscriptomic profiles, suggesting that a subset of morphine-driven m6A modifications may be mediated through downregulation of Alkbh5 in cortical cultures. Gene Ontology terms of commonly regulated transcripts included serotonin secretion, synapse disassembly, neuron remodeling, and immune response. Thus, we conclude that morphine can drive epitranscriptomic changes, a subset of which may occur in an Alkbh5-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad R Dabrowski
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie E Daws
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Neural Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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2
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Mitra A, Deats SP, Dickson PE, Zhu J, Gardin J, Nieman BJ, Henkelman RM, Tsai NP, Chesler EJ, Zhang ZW, Kumar V. Tmod2 Is a Regulator of Cocaine Responses through Control of Striatal and Cortical Excitability and Drug-Induced Plasticity. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1389232024. [PMID: 38508714 PMCID: PMC11063827 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1389-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Drugs of abuse induce neuroadaptations, including synaptic plasticity, that are critical for transition to addiction, and genes and pathways that regulate these neuroadaptations are potential therapeutic targets. Tropomodulin 2 (Tmod2) is an actin-regulating gene that plays an important role in synapse maturation and dendritic arborization and has been implicated in substance abuse and intellectual disability in humans. Here, we mine the KOMP2 data and find that Tmod2 knock-out mice show emotionality phenotypes that are predictive of addiction vulnerability. Detailed addiction phenotyping shows that Tmod2 deletion does not affect the acute locomotor response to cocaine administration. However, sensitized locomotor responses are highly attenuated in these knock-outs, indicating perturbed drug-induced plasticity. In addition, Tmod2 mutant animals do not self-administer cocaine indicating lack of hedonic responses to cocaine. Whole-brain MR imaging shows differences in brain volume across multiple regions, although transcriptomic experiments did not reveal perturbations in gene coexpression networks. Detailed electrophysiological characterization of Tmod2 KO neurons showed increased spontaneous firing rate of early postnatal and adult cortical and striatal neurons. Cocaine-induced synaptic plasticity that is critical for sensitization is either missing or reciprocal in Tmod2 KO nucleus accumbens shell medium spiny neurons, providing a mechanistic explanation of the cocaine response phenotypes. Combined, these data, collected from both males and females, provide compelling evidence that Tmod2 is a major regulator of plasticity in the mesolimbic system and regulates the reinforcing and addictive properties of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jiuhe Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | | | - Brian J Nieman
- Mouse Imaging Centre and Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - R Mark Henkelman
- Mouse Imaging Centre and Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Nien-Pei Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | | | | | - Vivek Kumar
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609
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3
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Larnerd C, Kachewar N, Wolf FW. Drosophila learning and memory centers and the actions of drugs of abuse. Learn Mem 2024; 31:a053815. [PMID: 38862166 PMCID: PMC11199947 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053815.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Drug addiction and the circuitry for learning and memory are intimately intertwined. Drugs of abuse create strong, inappropriate, and lasting memories that contribute to many of their destructive properties, such as continued use despite negative consequences and exceptionally high rates of relapse. Studies in Drosophila melanogaster are helping us understand how drugs of abuse, especially alcohol, create memories at the level of individual neurons and in the circuits where they function. Drosophila is a premier organism for identifying the mechanisms of learning and memory. Drosophila also respond to drugs of abuse in ways that remarkably parallel humans and rodent models. An emerging consensus is that, for alcohol, the mushroom bodies participate in the circuits that control acute drug sensitivity, not explicitly associative forms of plasticity such as tolerance, and classical associative memories of their rewarding and aversive properties. Moreover, it is becoming clear that drugs of abuse use the mushroom body circuitry differently from other behaviors, potentially providing a basis for their addictive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Larnerd
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Neha Kachewar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Fred W Wolf
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
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4
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Ujcikova H, Lee YS, Roubalova L, Svoboda P. The impact of multifunctional enkephalin analogs and morphine on the protein changes in crude membrane fractions isolated from the rat brain cortex and hippocampus. Peptides 2024; 174:171165. [PMID: 38307418 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Endogenous opioid peptides serve as potent analgesics through the opioid receptor (OR) activation. However, they often suffer from poor metabolic stability, low lipophilicity, and low blood-brain barrier permeability. Researchers have developed many strategies to overcome the drawbacks of current pain medications and unwanted biological effects produced by the interaction with opioid receptors. Here, we tested multifunctional enkephalin analogs LYS739 (MOR/DOR agonist and KOR partial antagonist) and LYS744 (MOR/DOR agonist and KOR full antagonist) under in vivo conditions in comparison with MOR agonist, morphine. We applied 2D electrophoretic resolution to investigate differences in proteome profiles of crude membrane (CM) fractions isolated from the rat brain cortex and hippocampus exposed to the drugs (10 mg/kg, seven days). Our results have shown that treatment with analog LYS739 induced the most protein changes in cortical and hippocampal samples. The identified proteins were mainly associated with energy metabolism, cell shape and movement, apoptosis, protein folding, regulation of redox homeostasis, and signal transduction. Among these, the isoform of mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit beta (ATP5F1B) was the only protein upregulation in the hippocampus but not in the brain cortex. Contrarily, the administration of analog LYS744 caused a small number of protein alterations in both brain parts. Our results indicate that the KOR full antagonism, together with MOR/DOR agonism of multifunctional opioid ligands, can be beneficial in treating chronic pain states by reducing changes in protein expression levels but retaining analgesic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Ujcikova
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4 14200, Czech Republic.
| | - Yeon Sun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Lenka Roubalova
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4 14200, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Svoboda
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4 14200, Czech Republic
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Pandey S, Miller CA. Targeting the cytoskeleton as a therapeutic approach to substance use disorders. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107143. [PMID: 38499081 PMCID: PMC11034636 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUD) are chronic relapsing disorders governed by continually shifting cycles of positive drug reward experiences and drug withdrawal-induced negative experiences. A large body of research points to plasticity within systems regulating emotional, motivational, and cognitive processes as drivers of continued compulsive pursuit and consumption of substances despite negative consequences. This plasticity is observed at all levels of analysis from molecules to networks, providing multiple avenues for intervention in SUD. The cytoskeleton and its regulatory proteins within neurons and glia are fundamental to the structural and functional integrity of brain processes and are potentially the major drivers of the morphological and behavioral plasticity associated with substance use. In this review, we discuss preclinical studies that provide support for targeting the brain cytoskeleton as a therapeutic approach to SUD. We focus on the interplay between actin cytoskeleton dynamics and exposure to cocaine, methamphetamine, alcohol, opioids, and nicotine and highlight preclinical studies pointing to a wide range of potential therapeutic targets, such as nonmuscle myosin II, Rac1, cofilin, prosapip 1, and drebrin. These studies broaden our understanding of substance-induced plasticity driving behaviors associated with SUD and provide new research directions for the development of SUD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Pandey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Courtney A Miller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
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Cruz B, Castañeda K, Aranda M, Hinojosa CA, Castro-Gutierrez R, Flores RJ, Spencer CT, Vozella V, Roberto M, Gadad BS, Roychowdhury S, O’Dell LE. Alcohol self-administration and nicotine withdrawal alter biomarkers of stress and inflammation and prefrontal cortex changes in Gβ subunits. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2023; 49:321-332. [PMID: 36206520 PMCID: PMC10348398 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2022.2121656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background: Although alcohol and nicotine are often used together, the biological consequences of these substances are not well understood. Identifying shared targets will inform cessation pharmacotherapies and provide a deeper understanding of how co-use of alcohol and nicotine impacts health, including biomarkers of stress and inflammation.Objective: We examined the effects of nicotine exposure and withdrawal on alcohol self-administration (SA), stress and inflammatory biomarkers, and a G-protein coupled receptor subunit (Gβ) in brain areas associated with drug use.Methods: Male rats were trained to SA alcohol and then received a nicotine pump (n = 7-8 per group). We assessed alcohol intake for 12 days during nicotine exposure and then following pump removal to elicit withdrawal. After the behavioral studies, we assessed plasma leptin, corticosterone, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and Gβ protein expression in the amygdala, nucleus accumbens (NAc), and prefrontal cortex (PFC).Results: Nicotine exposure or withdrawal did not alter alcohol intake (p > .05). Alcohol and nicotine withdrawal elevated corticosterone levels (p = .015) and decreased Gβ levels in the PFC (p = .004). In the absence of nicotine, alcohol SA suppressed IL-1β levels (p = .039). Chronic exposure to nicotine or withdrawal during alcohol SA did not alter leptin levels or Gβ expression in the amygdala or NAc (p's > .05).Conclusions: The combination of alcohol SA and nicotine withdrawal produced a persistent increase in stress biomarkers and a suppression in Gβ expression in the PFC, providing an important first step toward understanding the common biological mechanisms of alcohol/nicotine misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Cruz
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karen Castañeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Aranda
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Cecilia A. Hinojosa
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | | | - Rodolfo J. Flores
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Charles T. Spencer
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Valentina Vozella
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bharathi S. Gadad
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, USA
- Southwest Brain Bank, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Sukla Roychowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Laura E. O’Dell
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
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7
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van den Oord EJCG, Xie LY, Zhao M, Aberg KA, Clark SL. A single-nucleus transcriptomics study of alcohol use disorder in the nucleus accumbens. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13250. [PMID: 36577731 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression studies offer promising opportunities to better understand the processes underlying alcohol use disorder (AUD). As cell types differ in their function, gene expression profiles will typically vary across cell types. When studying bulk tissue, failure to account for this cellular diversity has a detrimental impact on the ability to detect disease associations. We therefore assayed the transcriptomes of 32,531 individual nuclei extracted from the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of nine donors with AUD and nine controls (72% male). Our study identified 17 clearly delineated cell types. We detected 26 transcriptome-wide significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that mainly involved medium spiny neurons with both D1-type and D2-type dopamine receptors, microglia (MGL) and oligodendrocytes. A higher than expected number of DEGs replicated in an existing single nucleus gene expression study of alcohol dependence in the prefrontal cortex (enrichment ratio 1.91, p value 0.019) with two genes remaining significant after a Bonferroni correction. Our most compelling result involved CD53 in MGL that replicated in the same cell type in the prefrontal cortex and was previously implicated in studies of DNA methylation, bulk gene expression and genetic variants. Several DEGs were previously reported to be associated with AUD (e.g., PER1 and MGAT5). The DEGs for MSN.3 seemed involved in neurodegeneration, disruption of circadian rhythms, alterations in glucose metabolism and changes in synaptic plasticity. For MGL, the DEGs implicated neuroinflammation and immune-related processes and for OLI, disruptions in myelination. This identification of the specific cell-types from which the association signals originate will be key for designing proper follow-up experiments and, eventually, novel clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J C G van den Oord
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Lin Y Xie
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Karolina A Aberg
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Shaunna L Clark
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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8
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Ujcikova H, Roubalova L, Lee YS, Slaninova J, Brejchova J, Svoboda P. The Dose-Dependent Effects of Multifunctional Enkephalin Analogs on the Protein Composition of Rat Spleen Lymphocytes, Cortex, and Hippocampus; Comparison with Changes Induced by Morphine. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081969. [PMID: 36009516 PMCID: PMC9406115 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to test the effect of 7-day exposure of rats to multifunctional enkephalin analogs LYS739 and LYS744 at doses of 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg on the protein composition of rat spleen lymphocytes, brain cortex, and hippocampus. Alterations of proteome induced by LYS739 and LYS744 were compared with those elicited by morphine. The changes in rat proteome profiles were analyzed by label-free quantification (MaxLFQ). Proteomic analysis indicated that the treatment with 3 mg/kg of LYS744 caused significant alterations in protein expression levels in spleen lymphocytes (45), rat brain cortex (31), and hippocampus (42). The identified proteins were primarily involved in RNA processing and the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics. In spleen lymphocytes, the administration of the higher 10 mg/kg dose of both enkephalin analogs caused major, extensive modifications in protein expression levels: LYS739 (119) and LYS744 (182). Among these changes, the number of proteins associated with immune responses and apoptotic processes was increased. LYS739 treatment resulted in the highest number of alterations in the rat brain cortex (152) and hippocampus (45). The altered proteins were functionally related to the regulation of transcription and cytoskeletal reorganization, which plays an essential role in neuronal plasticity. Administration with LYS744 did not increase the number of altered proteins in the brain cortex (26) and hippocampus (26). Our findings demonstrate that the effect of κ-OR full antagonism of LYS744 is opposite in the central nervous system and the peripheral region (spleen lymphocytes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Ujcikova
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Lenka Roubalova
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yeon Sun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Jirina Slaninova
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Brejchova
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Svoboda
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
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Damuka N, Martin TJ, Bansode AH, Krizan I, Martin CW, Miller M, Whitlow CT, Nader MA, Solingapuram Sai KK. Initial Evaluations of the Microtubule-Based PET Radiotracer, [11C]MPC-6827 in a Rodent Model of Cocaine Abuse. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:817274. [PMID: 35295607 PMCID: PMC8918945 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.817274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeMicrotubules (MTs) are structural units made of α and β tubulin subunits in the cytoskeleton responsible for axonal transport, information processing, and signaling mechanisms—critical for healthy brain function. Chronic cocaine exposure affects the function, organization, and stability of MTs in the brain, thereby impairing overall neurochemical and cognitive processes. At present, we have no reliable, non-invasive methods to image MTs for cocaine use disorder (CUD). Recently we reported the effect of cocaine in patient-derived neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Here we report preliminary results of a potential imaging biomarker of CUD using the brain penetrant MT-based radiotracer, [11C]MPC-6827, in an established rodent model of cocaine self-administration (SA).MethodsCell uptake studies were performed with [11C]MPC-6827 in SH-SY5Y cells, treated with or without cocaine (n = 6/group) at 30 and 60 min incubations. MicroPET/CT brain scans were performed in rats at baseline and 35 days after cocaine self-administration and compared with saline-treated rats as controls (n = 4/sex). Whole-body post-PET biodistribution, plasma metabolite assay, and brain autoradiography were performed in the same rats from imaging.ResultsCocaine-treated SH-SY5Y cells demonstrated a ∼26(±4)% decrease in radioactive uptake compared to non-treated controls. Both microPET/CT imaging and biodistribution results showed lower (∼35 ± 3%) [11C]MPC-6827 brain uptake in rats that had a history of cocaine self-administration compared to the saline-treated controls. Plasma metabolite assays demonstrate the stability (≥95%) of the radiotracer in both groups. In vitro autoradiography also demonstrated lower radioactive uptake in cocaine rats compared to the control rats. [11C]MPC-6827’s in vitro SH-SY5Y neuronal cell uptake, in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, ex vivo biodistribution, and in vitro autoradiography results corroborated well with each other, demonstrating decreased radioactive brain uptake in cocaine self-administered rats versus controls. There were no significant differences either in cocaine intake or in [11C]MPC-6827 uptake between the male and female rats.ConclusionsThis project is the first to validate in vivo imaging of the MT-associations with CUD in a rodent model. Our initial observations suggest that [11C]MPC-6827 uptake decreases in cocaine self-administered rats and that it may selectively bind to destabilized tubulin units in the brain. Further longitudinal studies correlating cocaine intake with [11C]MPC-6827 PET brain measures could potentially establish the MT scaffold as an imaging biomarker for CUD, providing researchers and clinicians with a sensitive tool to better understand the biological underpinnings of CUD and tailor new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Damuka
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Thomas J. Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Avinash H. Bansode
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Ivan Krizan
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Conner W. Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Mack Miller
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Christopher T. Whitlow
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Michael A. Nader
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kiran Kumar Solingapuram Sai
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Kiran Kumar Solingapuram Sai,
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Proteomic Analysis Unveils Expressional Changes in Cytoskeleton- and Synaptic Plasticity-Associated Proteins in Rat Brain Six Months after Withdrawal from Morphine. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070683. [PMID: 34357055 PMCID: PMC8304287 DOI: 10.3390/life11070683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug withdrawal is associated with abstinence symptoms including deficits in cognitive functions that may persist even after prolonged discontinuation of drug intake. Cognitive deficits are, at least partially, caused by alterations in synaptic plasticity but the precise molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully identified. In the present study, changes in proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiles of selected brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum) from rats abstaining for six months after cessation of chronic treatment with morphine were determined by label-free quantitative (LFQ) proteomic analysis. Interestingly, prolonged morphine withdrawal was found to be associated especially with alterations in protein phosphorylation and to a lesser extent in protein expression. Gene ontology (GO) term analysis revealed enrichment in biological processes related to synaptic plasticity, cytoskeleton organization, and GTPase activity. More specifically, significant changes were observed in proteins localized in synaptic vesicles (e.g., synapsin-1, SV2a, Rab3a), in the active zone of the presynaptic nerve terminal (e.g., Bassoon, Piccolo, Rims1), and in the postsynaptic density (e.g., cadherin 13, catenins, Arhgap35, Shank3, Arhgef7). Other differentially phosphorylated proteins were associated with microtubule dynamics (microtubule-associated proteins, Tppp, collapsin response mediator proteins) and the actin–spectrin network (e.g., spectrins, adducins, band 4.1-like protein 1). Taken together, a six-month morphine withdrawal was manifested by significant alterations in the phosphorylation of synaptic proteins. The altered phosphorylation patterns modulating the function of synaptic proteins may contribute to long-term neuroadaptations induced by drug use and withdrawal.
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Levran O, Randesi M, Adelson M, Kreek MJ. OPRD1 SNPs associated with opioid addiction are cis-eQTLs for the phosphatase and actin regulator 4 gene, PHACTR4, a mediator of cytoskeletal dynamics. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:316. [PMID: 34031368 PMCID: PMC8144180 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several OPRD1 intronic variants were associated with opioid addiction (OD) in a population-specific manner. This follow-up study aims to further characterize the OPRD1 haplotype pattern of the risk variants in different populations and apply in silico analysis to identify potential causal variants. A population-specific haplotype pattern was revealed based on six OPRD1 eQTL SNPs and five common haplotypes were identified in a sample of European ancestry (CEU). A European-specific haplotype ('Hap 3') that includes SNPs previously associated with OD and is tagged by SNP rs2236861 is more common in subjects with OD. It is quite common (10%) in CEU but is absent in the African sample (YRI) and extends upstream of OPRD1. SNP rs2236857 is most probably a non-causal variant in LD with the causal SNP/s in a population-specific manner. The study provides an explanation for the lack of association in African Americans, despite its high frequency in this population. OD samples homozygous for 'Hap 3' were reanalyzed using a denser coverage of the region and revealed at least 25 potentially regulatory SNPs in high LD. Notably, GTEx data indicate that some of the SNPs are eQTLs for the upstream phosphatase and actin regulator 4 (PHACTR4), in the cortex, and others are eQTLs for OPRD1 and the upstream lncRNA ENSG00000270605, in the cerebellum. The study highlights the limitation of single SNP analysis and the sensitivity of association studies of OPRD1 to a genetic background. It proposes a long-range functional connection between OPRD1 and PHACTR4. PHACTR4, a mediator of cytoskeletal dynamics, may contribute to drug addiction by modulating synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Levran
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Matthew Randesi
- grid.134907.80000 0001 2166 1519The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY USA
| | - Miriam Adelson
- grid.134907.80000 0001 2166 1519The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY USA ,Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment and Research, Las Vegas, NV USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- grid.134907.80000 0001 2166 1519The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY USA
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12
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Yang X, Wen Y, Zhang Y, Gao F, Yang J, Yang Z, Yan C. Dynamic Changes of Cytoskeleton-Related Proteins Within Reward-Related Brain Regions in Morphine-Associated Memory. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:626348. [PMID: 33584180 PMCID: PMC7876246 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.626348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced memory engages complex and dynamic processes and is coordinated at multiple reward-related brain regions. The spatiotemporal molecular mechanisms underlying different addiction phases remain unknown. We investigated the role of β-actin, as well as its potential modulatory protein activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc/Arg3.1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), in reward-related associative learning and memory using morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice. CPP was established by alternate morphine (10 mg/kg) injections and extinguished after a 10-day extinction training, while the withdrawal group failed to extinguish without training. In the nucleus accumbens (NAc), morphine enhanced the level of β-actin and Arc only during extinction, while p-ERK1/2 was increased during both CPP acquisition and extinction phases. In the dorsal hippocampus, morphine induced an upregulation of p-ERK only during extinction, while p-β-actin was elevated during both CPP establishment and extinction. In the dorsal hippocampus, Arc was elevated during CPP formation and suppressed during extinction. Compared with the NAc and dorsal hippocampus, dynamic changes in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and caudate putamen (CPu) were not very significant. These results suggested region-specific changes of p-β-actin, Arc/Arg3.1, and p-ERK1/2 protein during establishment and extinction phases of morphine-induced CPP. These findings unveiled a spatiotemporal molecular regulation in opiate-induced plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yichong Wen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Feifei Gao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingsi Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuojin Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunxia Yan
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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13
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Ben Zablah Y, Merovitch N, Jia Z. The Role of ADF/Cofilin in Synaptic Physiology and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:594998. [PMID: 33282872 PMCID: PMC7688896 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.594998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin-depolymerization factor (ADF)/cofilin, a family of actin-binding proteins, are critical for the regulation of actin reorganization in response to various signals. Accumulating evidence indicates that ADF/cofilin also play important roles in neuronal structure and function, including long-term potentiation and depression. These are the most extensively studied forms of long-lasting synaptic plasticity and are widely regarded as cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory. ADF/cofilin regulate synaptic function through their effects on dendritic spines and the trafficking of glutamate receptors, the principal mediator of excitatory synaptic transmission in vertebrates. Regulation of ADF/cofilin involves various signaling pathways converging on LIM domain kinases and slingshot phosphatases, which phosphorylate/inactivate and dephosphorylate/activate ADF/cofilin, respectively. Actin-depolymerization factor/cofilin activity is also regulated by other actin-binding proteins, activity-dependent subcellular distribution and protein translation. Abnormalities in ADF/cofilin have been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, investigating the roles of ADF/cofilin in the brain is not only important for understanding the fundamental processes governing neuronal structure and function, but also may provide potential therapeutic strategies to treat brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssif Ben Zablah
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Merovitch
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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14
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Radcliffe RA, Dowell R, Odell AT, Richmond PA, Bennett B, Larson C, Kechris K, Saba LM, Rudra P, Wen S. Systems genetics analysis of the LXS recombinant inbred mouse strains:Genetic and molecular insights into acute ethanol tolerance. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240253. [PMID: 33095786 PMCID: PMC7584226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have been using the Inbred Long- and Short-Sleep mouse strains (ILS, ISS) and a recombinant inbred panel derived from them, the LXS, to investigate the genetic underpinnings of acute ethanol tolerance which is considered to be a risk factor for alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Here, we have used RNA-seq to examine the transcriptome of whole brain in 40 of the LXS strains 8 hours after a saline or ethanol "pretreatment" as in previous behavioral studies. Approximately 1/3 of the 14,184 expressed genes were significantly heritable and many were unique to the pretreatment. Several thousand cis- and trans-eQTLs were mapped; a portion of these also were unique to pretreatment. Ethanol pretreatment caused differential expression (DE) of 1,230 genes. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis suggested involvement in numerous biological processes including astrocyte differentiation, histone acetylation, mRNA splicing, and neuron projection development. Genetic correlation analysis identified hundreds of genes that were correlated to the behaviors. GO analysis indicated that these genes are involved in gene expression, chromosome organization, and protein transport, among others. The expression profiles of the DE genes and genes correlated to AFT in the ethanol pretreatment group (AFT-Et) were found to be similar to profiles of HDAC inhibitors. Hdac1, a cis-regulated gene that is located at the peak of a previously mapped QTL for AFT-Et, was correlated to 437 genes, most of which were also correlated to AFT-Et. GO analysis of these genes identified several enriched biological process terms including neuron-neuron synaptic transmission and potassium transport. In summary, the results suggest widespread genetic effects on gene expression, including effects that are pretreatment-specific. A number of candidate genes and biological functions were identified that could be mediating the behavioral responses. The most prominent of these was Hdac1 which may be regulating genes associated with glutamatergic signaling and potassium conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Radcliffe
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO, United States of America
| | - Robin Dowell
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Aaron T. Odell
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Phillip A. Richmond
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Beth Bennett
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Colin Larson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Laura M. Saba
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Pratyaydipta Rudra
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
| | - Shi Wen
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
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15
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Altered Actin Filament Dynamics in the Drosophila Mushroom Bodies Lead to Fast Acquisition of Alcohol Consumption Preference. J Neurosci 2019; 39:8877-8884. [PMID: 31558618 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0973-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use is highly prevalent in the United States and across the world, and every year millions of people suffer from alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Although the genetic contribution to developing AUDs is estimated to be 50-60%, many of the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Previous studies from our laboratory revealed that Drosophila melanogaster lacking RhoGAP18B and Ras Suppressor 1 (Rsu1) display reduced sensitivity to ethanol-induced sedation. Both Rsu1 and RhoGAP18B are negative regulators of the small Rho-family GTPase, Rac1, a modulator of actin dynamics. Here we investigate the role of Rac1 and its downstream target, the actin-severing protein cofilin, in alcohol consumption preference. We show that these two regulators of actin dynamics can alter male experience-dependent alcohol preference in a bidirectional manner: expressing either activated Rac1 or dominant-negative cofilin in the mushroom bodies (MBs) abolishes experience-dependent alcohol preference. Conversely, dominant-negative Rac1 or activated cofilin MB expression lead to faster acquisition of alcohol preference. Our data show that Rac1 and cofilin activity are key to determining the rate of acquisition of alcohol preference, revealing a critical role of actin dynamics regulation in the development of voluntary self-administration in Drosophila SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The risks for developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD) are strongly determined by genetic factors. Understanding the genes and molecular mechanisms that contribute to that risk is therefore a necessary first step for the development of targeted therapeutic intervention. Here we show that regulators of actin cytoskeleton dynamics can bidirectionally determine the acquisition rate of alcohol self-administration, highlighting this process as a key mechanism contributing to the risk of AUD development.
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16
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Parkhurst SJ, Adhikari P, Navarrete JS, Legendre A, Manansala M, Wolf FW. Perineurial Barrier Glia Physically Respond to Alcohol in an Akap200-Dependent Manner to Promote Tolerance. Cell Rep 2019; 22:1647-1656. [PMID: 29444420 PMCID: PMC5831198 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol is the most common drug of abuse. It exerts its behavioral effects by acting on widespread neural circuits; however, its impact on glial cells is less understood. We show that Drosophila perineurial glia are critical for ethanol tolerance, a simple form of behavioral plasticity. The perineurial glia form the continuous outer cellular layer of the blood-brain barrier and are the interface between the brain and the circulation. Ethanol tolerance development requires the A kinase anchoring protein Akap200 specifically in perineurial glia. Akap200 tightly coordinates protein kinase A, actin, and calcium signaling at the membrane to control tolerance. Furthermore, ethanol causes a structural remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and perineurial membrane topology in an Akap200-dependent manner, without disrupting classical barrier functions. Our findings reveal an active molecular signaling process in the cells at the blood-brain interface that permits a form of behavioral plasticity induced by ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Parkhurst
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Pratik Adhikari
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Jovana S Navarrete
- Molecular Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Arièle Legendre
- Molecular Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Miguel Manansala
- Molecular Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Fred W Wolf
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA; Molecular Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
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17
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Pei F, Li H, Liu B, Bahar I. Quantitative Systems Pharmacological Analysis of Drugs of Abuse Reveals the Pleiotropy of Their Targets and the Effector Role of mTORC1. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:191. [PMID: 30906261 PMCID: PMC6418047 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing treatments against drug addiction are often ineffective due to the complexity of the networks of protein-drug and protein-protein interactions (PPIs) that mediate the development of drug addiction and related neurobiological disorders. There is an urgent need for understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie drug addiction toward designing novel preventive or therapeutic strategies. The rapidly accumulating data on addictive drugs and their targets as well as advances in machine learning methods and computing technology now present an opportunity to systematically mine existing data and draw inferences on potential new strategies. To this aim, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of cellular pathways implicated in a diverse set of 50 drugs of abuse using quantitative systems pharmacology methods. The analysis of the drug/ligand-target interactions compiled in DrugBank and STITCH databases revealed 142 known and 48 newly predicted targets, which have been further analyzed to identify the KEGG pathways enriched at different stages of drug addiction cycle, as well as those implicated in cell signaling and regulation events associated with drug abuse. Apart from synaptic neurotransmission pathways detected as upstream signaling modules that “sense” the early effects of drugs of abuse, pathways involved in neuroplasticity are distinguished as determinants of neuronal morphological changes. Notably, many signaling pathways converge on important targets such as mTORC1. The latter emerges as a universal effector of the persistent restructuring of neurons in response to continued use of drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Pei
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hongchun Li
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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18
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Laguesse S, Morisot N, Phamluong K, Sakhai SA, Ron D. mTORC2 in the dorsomedial striatum of mice contributes to alcohol-dependent F-Actin polymerization, structural modifications, and consumption. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1539-1547. [PMID: 29497165 PMCID: PMC5983552 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Actin is highly enriched at dendritic spines, and actin remodeling plays an essential role in structural plasticity. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) is a regulator of actin polymerization. Here, we report that alcohol consumption increases F-actin content in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) of mice, thereby altering dendritic spine morphology in a mechanism that requires mTORC2. Specifically, we found that excessive alcohol consumption increases mTORC2 activity in the DMS, and that knockdown of Rictor, an essential component of mTORC2 signaling, reduces actin polymerization, and attenuates the alcohol-dependent alterations in spine head size and the number of mushroom spines. Finally, we show that knockdown of Rictor in the DMS reduces alcohol consumption, whereas intra-DMS infusion of the mTORC2 activator, A-443654, increases alcohol intake. Together, these results suggest that mTORC2 in the DMS facilitates the formation of F-actin, which in turn induces changes in spine structure to promote and/or maintain excessive alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Laguesse
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA ,Present Address: N.M. Brains On-line LLC, South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Nadege Morisot
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA ,0000 0001 0805 7253grid.4861.bPresent Address: S.L. GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Khanhky Phamluong
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Samuel A. Sakhai
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Dorit Ron
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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19
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Gonzalez DA, Jia T, Pinzón JH, Acevedo SF, Ojelade SA, Xu B, Tay N, Desrivières S, Hernandez JL, Banaschewski T, Büchel C, Bokde AL, Conrod PJ, Flor H, Frouin V, Gallinat J, Garavan H, Gowland PA, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Lathrop M, Martinot JL, Paus T, Smolka MN, Rodan AR, Schumann G, Rothenfluh A. The Arf6 activator Efa6/PSD3 confers regional specificity and modulates ethanol consumption in Drosophila and humans. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:621-628. [PMID: 28607459 PMCID: PMC5729071 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitously expressed genes have been implicated in a variety of specific behaviors, including responses to ethanol. However, the mechanisms that confer this behavioral specificity have remained elusive. Previously, we showed that the ubiquitously expressed small GTPase Arf6 is required for normal ethanol-induced sedation in adult Drosophila. Here, we show that this behavioral response also requires Efa6, one of (at least) three Drosophila Arf6 guanine exchange factors. Ethanol-naive Arf6 and Efa6 mutants were sensitive to ethanol-induced sedation and lacked rapid tolerance upon re-exposure to ethanol, when compared with wild-type flies. In contrast to wild-type flies, both Arf6 and Efa6 mutants preferred alcohol-containing food without prior ethanol experience. An analysis of the human ortholog of Arf6 and orthologs of Efa6 (PSD1-4) revealed that the minor G allele of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs13265422 in PSD3, as well as a haplotype containing rs13265422, was associated with an increased frequency of drinking and binge drinking episodes in adolescents. The same haplotype was also associated with increased alcohol dependence in an independent European cohort. Unlike the ubiquitously expressed human Arf6 GTPase, PSD3 localization is restricted to the brain, particularly the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the same PSD3 haplotype was also associated with a differential functional magnetic resonance imaging signal in the PFC during a Go/No-Go task, which engages PFC-mediated executive control. Our translational analysis, therefore, suggests that PSD3 confers regional specificity to ubiquitous Arf6 in the PFC to modulate human alcohol-drinking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante A. Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Program in Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Tianye Jia
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, United Kingdom,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge H. Pinzón
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Summer F. Acevedo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Shamsideen A. Ojelade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Program in Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Bing Xu
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, United Kingdom,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Tay
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, United Kingdom,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, United Kingdom,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeannie L. Hernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Arun L.W. Bokde
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patricia J. Conrod
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, United Kingdom,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Canada
| | - Herta Flor
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Neurospin, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA
| | - Penny A. Gowland
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark Lathrop
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 “Imaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Tomás Paus
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom,Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany,Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Aylin R. Rodan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, United Kingdom,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Rothenfluh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Program in Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Department of Psychiatry, Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
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20
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Kalsi G, Euesden J, Coleman JRI, Ducci F, Aliev F, Newhouse SJ, Liu X, Ma X, Wang Y, Collier DA, Asherson P, Li T, Breen G. Genome-Wide Association of Heroin Dependence in Han Chinese. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167388. [PMID: 27936112 PMCID: PMC5147879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction is a costly and recurring healthcare problem, necessitating a need to understand risk factors and mechanisms of addiction, and to identify new biomarkers. To date, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for heroin addiction have been limited; moreover they have been restricted to examining samples of European and African-American origin due to difficulty of recruiting samples from other populations. This is the first study to test a Han Chinese population; we performed a GWAS on a homogeneous sample of 370 Han Chinese subjects diagnosed with heroin dependence using the DSM-IV criteria and 134 ethnically matched controls. Analysis using the diagnostic criteria of heroin dependence yielded suggestive evidence for association between variants in the genes CCDC42 (coiled coil domain 42; p = 2.8x10-7) and BRSK2 (BR serine/threonine 2; p = 4.110−6). In addition, we found evidence for risk variants within the ARHGEF10 (Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 10) gene on chromosome 8 and variants in a region on chromosome 20q13, which is gene-poor but has a concentration of mRNAs and predicted miRNAs. Gene-based association analysis identified genome-wide significant association between variants in CCDC42 and heroin addiction. Additionally, when we investigated shared risk variants between heroin addiction and risk of other addiction-related and psychiatric phenotypes using polygenic risk scores, we found a suggestive relationship with variants predicting tobacco addiction, and a significant relationship with variants predicting schizophrenia. Our genome wide association study of heroin dependence provides data in a novel sample, with functionally plausible results and evidence of genetic data of value to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursharan Kalsi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, MRC SGDP Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Euesden
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. I. Coleman
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, MRC SGDP Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Ducci
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, MRC SGDP Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Actuarial Sciences and Risk Management, Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Stephen J. Newhouse
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, MRC SGDP Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiehe Liu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingcheng Wang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - David A. Collier
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, MRC SGDP Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom
- Lilly UK, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Asherson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, MRC SGDP Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gerome Breen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, MRC SGDP Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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21
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da Silva E Silva DA, Frozino Ribeiro A, Damasceno S, Rocha CS, Berenguer de Matos AH, Boerngen-Lacerda R, Correia D, Brunialti Godard AL. Inflexible ethanol intake: A putative link with the Lrrk2 pathway. Behav Brain Res 2016; 313:30-37. [PMID: 27411784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholism is a complex multifactorial disorder with a strong genetic influence. Although several studies have shown the impact of high ethanol intake on the striatal gene expression, few have addressed the relationship between the patterns of gene expression underlying the compulsive behaviour associated with the two major concerns in addiction: the excessive drug consumption and relapsing. In this study, we used a chronic three-bottle free-choice murine model to address striatal transcript regulation among animals with different ethanol intakes and preferences: Light Drinkers (preference for water throughout the experiment), Heavy Drinkers (preference for ethanol with a non-compulsive intake) and Inflexible Drinkers (preference for ethanol and simultaneous loss of control over the drug intake). Our aim was to correlate the intake patterns observed in this model with gene expression changes in the striatum, a brain region critical for the development of alcohol addiction. We found that the transcripts of the Lrrk2 gene, which encodes a multifunctional protein with kinase and GTPase activities, is upregulated only in Inflexible Drinkers suggesting, for the first time, that the Lrrk2 pathway plays a major role in the compulsive ethanol intake behaviour of addicted subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Frozino Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Faculdade de Filosofia de Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Samara Damasceno
- Departmento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Cristiane S Rocha
- Departmento de Genética Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Medicas, Universidade de Campinas, Tessália Vieira de Camargo, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H Berenguer de Matos
- Departmento de Genética Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Medicas, Universidade de Campinas, Tessália Vieira de Camargo, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Roseli Boerngen-Lacerda
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Jardim das Américas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 19031, Curitiba, PR 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Diego Correia
- Departmento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 31270-901, Brazil; Departamento de Farmacologia, Jardim das Américas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 19031, Curitiba, PR 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Brunialti Godard
- Departmento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
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22
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I Believe I Can Fly!: Use of Drosophila as a Model Organism in Neuropsychopharmacology Research. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:1439-46. [PMID: 26576740 PMCID: PMC4832023 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are of complex etiology, often including a large genetic component. In order to help identify and study the molecular and physiological mechanisms that such genes participate in, numerous animal models have been established in a variety of species. Over the past decade, this has increasingly included the vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we outline why we study an invertebrate organism in the context of neuropsychiatric disorders, and we discuss how we can gain insight from studies in Drosophila. We focus on a few disorders and findings to make the larger point that modeling these diseases in flies can have both mechanistic and predictive validity. Highlighting some translational examples, we underline the fact that their brains works more like ours than one would have anticipated.
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23
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Abstract
Alcohol abuse is highly prevalent, but little is understood about the molecular causes. Here, we report that Ras suppressor 1 (Rsu1) affects ethanol consumption in flies and humans. Drosophila lacking Rsu1 show reduced sensitivity to ethanol-induced sedation. We show that Rsu1 is required in the adult nervous system for normal sensitivity and that it acts downstream of the integrin cell adhesion molecule and upstream of the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) GTPase to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. In an ethanol preference assay, global loss of Rsu1 causes high naïve preference. In contrast, flies lacking Rsu1 only in the mushroom bodies of the brain show normal naïve preference but then fail to acquire ethanol preference like normal flies. Rsu1 is, thus, required in distinct neurons to modulate naïve and acquired ethanol preference. In humans, we find that polymorphisms in RSU1 are associated with brain activation in the ventral striatum during reward anticipation in adolescents and alcohol consumption in both adolescents and adults. Together, these data suggest a conserved role for integrin/Rsu1/Rac1/actin signaling in modulating reward-related phenotypes, including ethanol consumption, across phyla.
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24
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Smith LN, Jedynak JP, Fontenot MR, Hale CF, Dietz KC, Taniguchi M, Thomas FS, Zirlin BC, Birnbaum SG, Huber KM, Thomas MJ, Cowan CW. Fragile X mental retardation protein regulates synaptic and behavioral plasticity to repeated cocaine administration. Neuron 2014; 82:645-58. [PMID: 24811383 PMCID: PMC4052976 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Repeated cocaine exposure causes persistent, maladaptive alterations in brain and behavior, and hope for effective therapeutics lies in understanding these processes. We describe here an essential role for fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA-binding protein and regulator of dendritic protein synthesis, in cocaine conditioned place preference, behavioral sensitization, and motor stereotypy. Cocaine reward deficits in FMRP-deficient mice stem from elevated mGluR5 (or GRM5) function, similar to a subset of fragile X symptoms, and do not extend to natural reward. We find that FMRP functions in the adult nucleus accumbens (NAc), a critical addiction-related brain region, to mediate behavioral sensitization but not cocaine reward. FMRP-deficient mice also exhibit several abnormalities in NAc medium spiny neurons, including reduced presynaptic function and premature changes in dendritic morphology and glutamatergic neurotransmission following repeated cocaine treatment. Together, our findings reveal FMRP as a critical mediator of cocaine-induced behavioral and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9070, USA
| | - Jakub P. Jedynak
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Miles R. Fontenot
- Medical Science Training Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9070, USA
| | - Carly F. Hale
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9070, USA
| | - Karen C. Dietz
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9070, USA
| | - Makoto Taniguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9070, USA
| | - Feba S. Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9070, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Zirlin
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9070, USA
| | - Shari G. Birnbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9070, USA
| | - Kimberly M. Huber
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mark J. Thomas
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Wallin Medical Biosciences Building, 2101 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christopher W. Cowan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9070, USA
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25
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Peru y Colón de Portugal RL, Ojelade SA, Penninti PS, Dove RJ, Nye MJ, Acevedo SF, Lopez A, Rodan AR, Rothenfluh A. Long-lasting, experience-dependent alcohol preference in Drosophila. Addict Biol 2014; 19:392-401. [PMID: 24164972 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To understand the molecular and neural mechanisms underlying alcohol addiction, many models ranging from vertebrates to invertebrates have been developed. In Drosophila melanogaster, behavioral paradigms from assaying acute responses to alcohol and to behaviors more closely modeling addiction have emerged in recent years. However, both the CAFÉ assay, similar to a two-bottle choice consumption assay, as well as conditioned odor preference, where ethanol is used as the reinforcer, are labor intensive and have low throughput. To address this limitation, we have established a novel ethanol consumption preference assay, called FRAPPÉ, which allows for fast, high throughput measurement of consumption in individual flies, using a fluorescence plate reader. We show that naïve flies do not prefer to consume ethanol, but various pre-exposures, such as ethanol vapor or voluntary ethanol consumption, induce ethanol preference. This ethanol-primed preference is long lasting and is not driven by calories contained in ethanol during the consumption choice. Our novel experience-dependent model of ethanol preference in Drosophila-a highly genetically tractable organism-therefore recapitulates salient features of human alcohol abuse and will facilitate the molecular understanding of the development of alcohol preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raniero L. Peru y Colón de Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry; UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
- Program in Neuroscience; UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | - Shamsideen A. Ojelade
- Department of Psychiatry; UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
- Program in Neuroscience; UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | | | - Rachel J. Dove
- Department of Psychiatry; UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | - Matthew J. Nye
- Department of Psychiatry; UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | - Summer F. Acevedo
- Department of Psychiatry; UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | - Antonio Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry; UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | - Aylin R. Rodan
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Internal Medicine; UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | - Adrian Rothenfluh
- Department of Psychiatry; UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
- Program in Neuroscience; UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
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26
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Ojelade SA, Acevedo SF, Rothenfluh A. The role of the actin cytoskeleton in regulating Drosophila behavior. Rev Neurosci 2014; 24:471-84. [PMID: 24077615 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2013-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the function of the cytoskeleton has been studied extensively in developing and mature neurons. Actin, a major cytoskeletal protein, is indispensable for the structural integrity and plasticity of neurons and their synapses. Disruption of actin dynamics has significant consequence for neurons, neuronal circuits, and the functions they govern. In particular, cell adhesion molecules, members of the Rho family of GTPases, and actin-binding proteins are important modulators of actin dynamics and neuronal as well as behavioral plasticity. In this review, we discuss recent advances in Drosophila that highlight the importance of actin regulatory proteins in mediating fly behaviors such as circadian rhythm, courtship behavior, learning and memory, and the development of drug addiction.
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27
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Kumar V, Kim K, Joseph C, Kourrich S, Yoo SH, Huang HC, Vitaterna MH, de Villena FPM, Churchill G, Bonci A, Takahashi JS. C57BL/6N mutation in cytoplasmic FMRP interacting protein 2 regulates cocaine response. Science 2014; 342:1508-12. [PMID: 24357318 DOI: 10.1126/science.1245503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The inbred mouse C57BL/6J is the reference strain for genome sequence and for most behavioral and physiological phenotypes. However, the International Knockout Mouse Consortium uses an embryonic stem cell line derived from a related C57BL/6N substrain. We found that C57BL/6N has a lower acute and sensitized response to cocaine and methamphetamine. We mapped a single causative locus and identified a nonsynonymous mutation of serine to phenylalanine (S968F) in Cytoplasmic FMRP interacting protein 2 (Cyfip2) as the causative variant. The S968F mutation destabilizes CYFIP2, and deletion of the C57BL/6N mutant allele leads to acute and sensitized cocaine-response phenotypes. We propose that CYFIP2 is a key regulator of cocaine response in mammals and present a framework to use mouse substrains to identify previously unknown genes and alleles regulating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
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28
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Kiraly DD, Nemirovsky NE, LaRese TP, Tomek SE, Yahn SL, Olive MF, Eipper BA, Mains RE. Constitutive knockout of kalirin-7 leads to increased rates of cocaine self-administration. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 84:582-90. [PMID: 23894151 PMCID: PMC3781382 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.087106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kalirin-7 (Kal7) is a Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is localized in neuronal postsynaptic densities. Kal7 interacts with the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor and regulates aspects of dendritic spine dynamics both in vitro and in vivo. Chronic treatment with cocaine increases dendritic spine density in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of rodents and primates. Kal7 mRNA and protein are upregulated in the NAc following cocaine treatment, and the presence of Kal7 is necessary for the normal proliferation of dendritic spines following cocaine use. Mice that constitutively lack Kal7 [Kalirin-7 knockout mice (Kal7(KO))] demonstrate increased locomotor sensitization to cocaine and a decreased place preference for cocaine. Here, using an intravenous cocaine self-administration paradigm, Kal7(KO) mice exhibit increased administration of cocaine at lower doses as compared with wild-type (Wt) mice. Analyses of mRNA transcript levels from the NAc of mice that self-administered saline or cocaine reveal that larger splice variants of the Kalrn gene are increased by cocaine more dramatically in Kal7(KO) mice than in Wt mice. Additionally, transcripts encoding the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor increased in Wt mice that self-administered cocaine but were unchanged in similarly experienced Kal7(KO) mice. These findings suggest that Kal7 participates in the reinforcing effects of cocaine, and that Kal7 and cocaine interact to alter the expression of genes related to critical glutamatergic signaling pathways in the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew D Kiraly
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut (D.D.K., T.P.L., B.A.E., R.E.M.); and Department of Psychology, Program in Behavioral Neuroscience (N.E.N., S.E.T., S.L.Y., M.F.O.) and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience (M.F.O.), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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