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Roy R, Samanta S, Pandit S, Naaz T, Banerjee S, Rawat JM, Chaubey KK, Saha RP. An Overview of Bacteria-Mediated Heavy Metal Bioremediation Strategies. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1712-1751. [PMID: 37410353 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Contamination-free groundwater is considered a good source of potable water. Even in the twenty-first century, over 90 percent of the population is reliant on groundwater resources for their lives. Groundwater influences the economical state, industrial development, ecological system, and agricultural and global health conditions worldwide. However, different natural and artificial processes are gradually polluting groundwater and drinking water systems throughout the world. Toxic metalloids are one of the major sources that pollute the water system. In this review work, we have collected and analyzed information on metal-resistant bacteria along with their genetic information and remediation mechanisms of twenty different metal ions [arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), palladium (Pd), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), antimony (Sb), gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), tungsten (W), and uranium (U)]. We have surveyed the scientific information available on bacteria-mediated bioremediation of various metals and presented the data with responsible genes and proteins that contribute to bioremediation, bioaccumulation, and biosorption mechanisms. Knowledge of the genes responsible and self-defense mechanisms of diverse metal-resistance bacteria would help us to engineer processes involving multi-metal-resistant bacteria that may reduce metal toxicity in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, 700126, India.
| | - Saikat Samanta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, 700126, India
| | - Soumya Pandit
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Tahseena Naaz
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Srijoni Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, 700126, India
| | - Janhvi Mishra Rawat
- Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era Deemed to Be University, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kundan Kumar Chaubey
- Division of Research and Innovation, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Rudra P Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, 700126, India.
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2
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Russel JG, Bhaskaran K. A low-cost in-situ bioremediation process for perchlorate contaminated aqueous phase. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130035. [PMID: 36166905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate is a known endocrine-disrupting micropollutant. The efficiency of a low-cost in-situ bio-remediation process for perchlorate-contaminated aqueous phase was evaluated in a bench-scale unit in this study. The two-stage process unit comprises an anaerobic leach bed unit (5.3 L) for generating leachate and an anaerobic filter bed unit (10 L) inoculated with an isolated perchlorate reducing Serratia marcescens (GenBank Accession No. JQ807993). Organic leachate produced from anaerobic digestion of vegetable waste served as a sole substrate for the perchlorate reduction, and needle-felt natural fibre was used as a filter bed medium. The filter bed unit removed 98.5% of perchlorate at 10 mg/L initial concentration (volumetric loading, 39 mg/L/day) at an optimal soluble COD concentration of 40 mg/L in the leachate and a hydraulic retention time of 6.15 h. Controlled leachate delivery results in an effluent COD < 20 mg/L, reducing the risk of residual organic contamination in the treated water. Considering the many advantages, this approach would be more feasible for treating perchlorate-contaminated aquifers, streams, and surface canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Godwin Russel
- Environmental Technology Division, CSIR-NIIST 19, Thiruvananthapuram, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Krishnakumar Bhaskaran
- Environmental Technology Division, CSIR-NIIST 19, Thiruvananthapuram, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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3
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Patel AK, Singhania RR, Albarico FPJB, Pandey A, Chen CW, Dong CD. Organic wastes bioremediation and its changing prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153889. [PMID: 35181362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing inappropriate anthropogenic activities and industrialization have resulted in severe environmental pollution worldwide. Their effective treatment is vital for general health concerns. Depending on the characteristics of pollutants, the severity of pollution may differ. For sustainable treatment of polluted environments, bioremediation is accepted as the most efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly method hence largely preferred. However, every bioremediation technique has its own unique advantages and limitations due to its defined applications criteria. In bioremediation, microorganisms play a decisive role in detoxification by degrading, mineralizing and accumulating various forms of harmful and biodegradable pollutants from the surroundings and transforming them into less lethal forms. Bioremediation is performed ex-situ or in-situ, based on location of polluted site as well as characteristics, type and strength of the pollutants. Furthermore, the most popular methodologies for bioremediation include bioaugmentation, biostimulation, bioattenuation among others which depend on the prevailing environmental factors into the microbial system. Implementing them appropriately and effectively under ex-situ or in-situ method is extremely important not only for obtaining efficient treatment but also for the best economic, environmental, and social impacts. Therefore, this review aims to analyze various bioremediation methods for organic pollutants remediation from soil/sediments and wastewater, their strength, limitation, and insights for the selection of appropriate bioremediation techniques based on nature, types, degree, and location of the pollution. The novelty aspect of the article is to give updates on several key supporting technologies which have recently emerged and exhibited great potential to enhance the present bioremediation efficiency such as nanobubble, engineered biochar, mixotrophic microalgae, nanotechnology etc. Moreover, amalgamation of these technologies with existing bioremediation facilities are significantly changing the scenario and scope of environmental remediation towards sustainable bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Frank Paolo Jay B Albarico
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Fisheries and Marine Research Station (FaMaRS), Fisheries and Marine Sciences Department, College of Fisheries and Allied Sciences, Northern Negros State College of Science and Technology, Sagay City 6122, Philippines
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India; Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, India; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
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Xing Z, Su X, Zhang X, Zhang L, Zhao T. Direct aerobic oxidation (DAO) of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons: A review of key DAO bacteria, biometabolic pathways and in-situ bioremediation potential. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 162:107165. [PMID: 35278801 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of aquifers and vadose zones with chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAH) is a world-wide issue. Unlike other reactions, direct aerobic oxidation (DAO) of CAHs does not require growth substrates and avoids the generation of toxic by-products. Here, we critically review the current understanding of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons-DAO and its application in bioreactors and at the field scale. According to reports on chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons-DAO bacteria, isolates mainly consisted of Methylobacterium and Proteobacterium. Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons-DAO bacteria are characterized by tolerance to a high concentration of CAHs and highly efficient removal of CAHs. Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (t-DCE) is easily transformed biomass for bacteria, followed by 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA), dichloromethane (DCM), vinyl chloride (VC) and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (c-DCE). Significant differences in the maximum specific growth rates were observed with different CAHs and biometabolic pathways for DCM, 1,2-DCA, VC and c-DCE degradation have been successfully parsed. Detection of the functional genes etnC and etnE is useful for the determination of active VC DAO bacteria. Additionally, DAO bacteria have been successfully applied to CAHs in new types of bioreactors with satisfactory results. To the best of the authors' knowledge, only one study on DAO-CAHs was conducted in-situ and resulted in 99% CAH removal. Lastly, we put forward future development prospect of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons-DAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xia Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Tiantao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
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Hussain A, Rehman F, Rafeeq H, Waqas M, Asghar A, Afsheen N, Rahdar A, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. In-situ, Ex-situ, and nano-remediation strategies to treat polluted soil, water, and air - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133252. [PMID: 34902385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology, as an emerging science, has taken over all fields of life including industries, health and medicine, environmental issues, agriculture, biotechnology etc. The use of nanostructure molecules has revolutionized all sectors. Environmental pollution is a great concern now a days, in all industrial and developing as well as some developed countries. A number of remedies are in practice to overcome this problem. The application of nanotechnology in the bioremediation of environmental pollutants is a step towards revolution. The use of various types of nanoparticles (TiO2 based NPs, dendrimers, Fe based NPs, Silica and carbon nanomaterials, Graphene based NPs, nanotubes, polymers, micelles, nanomembranes etc.) is in practice to diminish environmental hazards. For this many In-situ (bioventing, bioslurping, biosparging, phytoremediation, permeable reactive barrier etc.) and Ex-situ (biopile, windrows, bioreactors, land farming etc.) methodologies are employed. Improved properties like nanoscale size, less time utilization, high adaptability for In-situ and Ex-situ use, undeniable degree of surface-region to-volume proportion for possible reactivity, and protection from ecological elements make nanoparticles ideal for natural applications. There are distinctive nanomaterials and nanotools accessible to treat the pollutants. Each of these methods and nanotools depends on the properties of foreign substances and the pollution site. The current designed review highlights the techniques used for bioremediation of environmental pollutants as well as use of various nanoparticles along with proposed In-situ and Ex-situ bioremediation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fazeelat Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Rafeeq
- Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan
| | - Asma Asghar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Afsheen
- Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol, P. O. Box. 98613-35856, Iran
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
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6
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Hegde GM, Aditya S, Wangdi D, Chetri BK. Mycoremediation: A Natural Solution for Unnatural Problems. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8877-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Kalsi A, Celin SM, Sharma S, Sahai S, Sharma JG. Bioaugmentation for remediation of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) contaminated soil using a clay based bioformulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126575. [PMID: 34274803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioaugmentation is an important remediation strategy for hazardous organic compounds. A microcosm study was conducted to evaluate the remediation of soils contaminated with hazardous high explosive, Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) using an eco-friendly bioformulation. Janibacter cremeus, an enriched indigenous soil bacterium isolated from the explosive contaminated site was immobilized in a mixture of calcite and cocopeat for bioaugmentation. The developed bioformulation showed a consistent viability for 150 days, at 4 °C storage conditions. HMX at field concentrations was degraded in microcosms for 35 days under unsaturated (aerobic) and saturated (anoxic) moisture conditions. Negligible degradation was observed under unsaturated moisture conditions, whereas, saturated conditions led to substantial decrease in HMX. Mass spectrometric (MS) analysis revealed the formation of nitroso derivatives of HMX during the anoxic degradation. Also, observed was the presence of 5-hydroxy-4-nitro-2,4-diazapentanal, a precursor of 4- nitro-2,4-diazabutanal, which eventually could be mineralized. An inexpensive and natural carrier when chosen for immobilization of explosive degrading microbes was found to be effective in the in situ remediation of explosive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchita Kalsi
- Centre for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety (CFEES), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi 110054, India; Delhi Technological University (DTU), Delhi 110042, India
| | - S Mary Celin
- Centre for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety (CFEES), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi 110054, India.
| | | | - Sandeep Sahai
- Centre for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety (CFEES), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi 110054, India
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Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals and agricultural pesticides have mutagenic, carcinogenic, immunotoxic and teratogenic effects and cause drastic changes in soil physicochemical and microbiological characteristics, thereby representing a serious danger to health and environment. Therefore, soil pollution urgently requires the application of a series of physicochemical and biological techniques and treatments to minimize the extent of damage. Among them, bioremediation has been shown to be an alternative that can offer an economically viable way to restore polluted areas. Due to the difficulty in choosing the best bioremediation technique for each type of pollutant and the paucity of literature on soil bioremediation enhanced by the use of specific additives, we reviewed the main in situ and ex situ methods, their current properties and applications. The first section discusses the characteristics of each class of pollutants in detail, while the second section presents current bioremediation technologies and their main uses, followed by a comparative analysis showing their respective advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we address the application of surfactants and biosurfactants as well as the main trends in the bioremediation of contaminated soils.
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Nair RR, Russel JG, Pradeep S, Ajay SV, Krishnakumar B. A novel ex-situ bio-remediation process for perchlorate contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125947. [PMID: 32069722 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel, ex-situ remediation process for perchlorate contaminated soil is reported in this study. This approach comprises washing the contaminated soil with water, followed by treatment of the wash water in a bioreactor. The treated water reused for the next batch of soil, and the cycle continued. The pilot-scale treatment unit comprising of a soil washing unit (0.75 m3) and a fixed-film bioreactor (140 L), both connected in series for continuous operation for a period of three months. The bioreactor was inoculated with a novel perchlorate reducing microbial consortium comprising Serratia marcescens (Gen bank no. HM751096), Bacillus pumilus (Gen bank no. JQ820452) and Micrococcus sp. (Gen bank no. KJ410671). The microbial activity was supported by glucose (glucose/perchlorate ratio = 5), and trace mineral solution. In a typical washing cycle, 2.5 g perchlorate (KClO4) spiked in 670 kg soil was completely removed in three washing cycles, that completed in 6.3 h consuming ∼360 L water. The pooled wash water containing perchlorate at 8.5 mg/L was treated completely in the bioreactor operated at 4.5 h HRT and -200 mV ORP. Compared with both in-situ and ex-situ remediation methods reported, the present approach has many advantages for treating perchlorate contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rothish R Nair
- Environmental Technology Division, CSIR NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram, 19, India
| | - Jasmin G Russel
- Environmental Technology Division, CSIR NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram, 19, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-NIIST, India
| | - S Pradeep
- Environmental Technology Division, CSIR NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram, 19, India
| | - S V Ajay
- Environmental Technology Division, CSIR NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram, 19, India
| | - B Krishnakumar
- Environmental Technology Division, CSIR NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram, 19, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-NIIST, India.
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10
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Liang X, Zhuang J, Löffler FE, Zhang Y, DeBruyn JM, Wilhelm SW, Schaeffer SM, Radosevich M. Viral and bacterial community responses to stimulated Fe(III)-bioreduction during simulated subsurface bioremediation. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:2043-2055. [PMID: 30773777 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of fermentable substrate(s) to subsurface environments stimulates Fe(III)-bioreduction and achieves detoxification of organic/inorganic contaminants. Although, much research has been conducted on the microbiology of such engineered systems at lab and field scales, little attention has been given to the phage-host interactions and virus community dynamics in these environments. The objective was to determine the responses of soil bacterial communities and viral assemblages to stimulated anaerobic Fe(III)-bioreduction following electron donor (e.g. acetate) addition. Microbial communities, including viral assemblages, were investigated after 60 days of Fe(III)-bioreduction in laboratory-scale columns continuously fed with acetate-amended artificial groundwater. Viral abundances were greatest in the influent section and decreased along the flow path. Acetate availability was important in influencing bacterial diversity, microbial interactions and viral abundance and community composition. The impact of acetate addition was most evident in the influent section of the columns. The increased relative abundance of Fe(III)-reducing bacteria coincided with an increase in viral abundance in areas of the columns exhibiting the most Fe(III) reduction. The genetic composition of viruses in these column sections also differed from the control column and distal sections of acetate-treated columns suggesting viral communities responded to biostimulated Fe(III)-bioreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Frank E Löffler
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.,Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Yingyue Zhang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jennifer M DeBruyn
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Steven W Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Sean M Schaeffer
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Mark Radosevich
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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11
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Kumar PS, C. FC. Soil Bioremediation Techniques. ADVANCED TREATMENT TECHNIQUES FOR INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER 2019. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5754-8.ch003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution is rising rapidly due to the existence of pollutants or natural alterations in the soil. It makes the drinking water ineffective and unusable by the human beings. The major cause of the soil contamination is agricultural activities, industrial activities, and inadmissible disposal of waste in the soil. The most common pollutants to accumulate in the soil are petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, lead, and other heavy metals. The important technology to remediate the pollutants or contaminants in the soil is bioremediation. The utilization of bioremediation in the contaminated soil is increasing rapidly due to the presence of toxic pollutants. It is the most advanced technologies which make use of organisms to deteriorate the harmful compounds in order to prevent the soil pollution. The aim of the chapter is to describe the available bioremediation technologies and their application in removing the pollutants exist in the soil.
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12
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Sihota N, McAlexander B, Lyverse M, Mayer KU. Multi-year CO 2 efflux measurements for assessing natural source zone depletion at a large hydrocarbon-impacted site. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2018; 219:50-60. [PMID: 30409437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The changing landscape of fuel consumption related, in part, to increased engine efficiency and the inexpensive supply of natural gas, has led to the closure of multiple refineries. As the operational lifetime of many refineries exceeds 100 years, historical releases of oil and refined products is common. To evaluate remediation and rehabilitation options, there is a need to understand the rate and distribution of natural hydrocarbon mass losses across these large properties. Here, surficial CO2 flux measurements were used to evaluate naturally occurring hydrocarbon mass losses at a large-scale former refinery that has been closed since 1982. Natural source zone depletion (NSZD) rates over a five-year period (2012-2016) were derived from surficial CO2 efflux measurements on a high-resolution grid (N > 80). Results demonstrate substantial variations of mass loss rates across the site. Average site-wide mass loss rates ranged from 1.1-5.4 g TPH m-2 d-1 as C10H22 with a multi-year average of 4.0 g TPH m-2 d-1 as decane (C10H22), consistent with observations at other sites. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the same average mass loss rates would have been obtained with fewer measurement locations (N = 20-30). Comparing NSZD rates to site metadata show CO2 fluxes to be a reasonably good proxy for zones of subsurface hydrocarbon contamination - particularly with respect to vadose zone impacts. It is hypothesized that the observed decline of NSZD rates over the study period is related to rise of groundwater levels, leading to increased submergence of the smear zone. Overall, mass loss rates calculated from CO2 fluxes show NSZD can result in substantial contaminant removal, which may rival that obtained from engineered remediation, under some conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sihota
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road, San Ramon, CA 94583-2324, United States.
| | - B McAlexander
- Trihydro, 20 Myrtle St, Orono, ME 04473, United States
| | - M Lyverse
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road, San Ramon, CA 94583-2324, United States
| | - K U Mayer
- University of British Columbia, Dept. of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, 2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4, Canada
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13
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Support Tool for Identifying In Situ Remediation Technology for Sites Contaminated by Hexavalent Chromium. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sites contaminated by hexavalent chromium raise concerns relating to the toxicity of the pollutant, as well as for the increased solubility of its compounds, which helps it to seep into aquifers. Chemical and biological in situ treatment technologies, with good potential in terms of environmental sustainability, have recently been designed and implemented on a wide scale. A useful support tool is shown in the manuscript in the preliminary phase of assessing possible technologies applicable according to the site-specific characteristics of sites. The actual efficacy of the technologies identified should nevertheless be verified in laboratory trials and pilot tests.
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Lhotský O, Krákorová E, Linhartová L, Křesinová Z, Steinová J, Dvořák L, Rodsand T, Filipová A, Kroupová K, Wimmerová L, Kukačka J, Cajthaml T. Assessment of biodegradation potential at a site contaminated by a mixture of BTEX, chlorinated pollutants and pharmaceuticals using passive sampling methods - Case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:1451-1465. [PMID: 28763941 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes a pilot remediation test of a co-mingled plume containing BTEX, chlorinated pollutants and pharmaceuticals. Remediation was attempted using a combination of various approaches, including a pump and treat system applying an advanced oxidation process and targeted direct push injections of calcium peroxide. The remediation process was monitored intensively and extensively throughout the pilot test using various conventional and passive sampling methods, including next-generation amplicon sequencing. The results showed that the injection of oxygen-saturated treated water with residual hydrogen peroxide and elevated temperature enhanced the in situ removal of monoaromatics and chlorinated pollutants. In particular, in combination with the injection of calcium peroxide, the conditions facilitated the in situ bacterial biodegradation of the pollutants. The mean groundwater concentration of benzene decreased from 1349μg·L-1 prior to the test to 3μg·L-1 within 3months after the calcium peroxide injections; additionally, monochlorobenzene decreased from 1545μg·L-1 to 36μg·L-1, and toluene decreased from 143μg·L-1 to 2μg·L-1. Furthermore, significant degradation of the contaminants bound to the soil matrix in less permeable zones was observed. Based on a developed 3D model, 90% of toluene and 88% of chlorobenzene bound to the soil were removed during the pilot test, and benzene was removed almost completely. On the other hand, the psychopharmaceuticals were effectively removed by the employed advanced oxidation process only from the treated water, and their concentration in groundwater remained stagnant due to inflow from the surroundings and their absence of in situ degradation. The employment of passive sampling techniques, including passive diffusion bags (PDB) for volatile organic pollutants and their respective transformation products, polar organic compound integrative samplers (POCIS) for the pharmaceuticals and in situ soil microcosms for microbial community analysis, was proven to be suitable for monitoring remediation in saturated zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Lhotský
- DEKONTA a.s., Volutová 2523, CZ-158 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Krákorová
- DEKONTA a.s., Volutová 2523, CZ-158 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Linhartová
- Institute of Microbiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zdena Křesinová
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Steinová
- Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, CZ-461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Dvořák
- Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, CZ-461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Torgeir Rodsand
- ALS Laboratory Group Norway AS, Drammensveien 173, N-0214 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alena Filipová
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Kroupová
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Wimmerová
- ALS Laboratory Group Norway AS, Drammensveien 173, N-0214 Oslo, Norway; Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kukačka
- DEKONTA a.s., Volutová 2523, CZ-158 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Cajthaml
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Palma E, Daghio M, Franzetti A, Petrangeli Papini M, Aulenta F. The bioelectric well: a novel approach for in situ treatment of hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 11:112-118. [PMID: 28696043 PMCID: PMC5743819 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Groundwater contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) is a widespread problem which poses serious environmental and health concerns. Recently, microbial electrochemical technologies (MET) have attracted considerable attention for remediation applications, having the potential to overcome some of the limiting factors of conventional in situ bioremediation systems. So far, field‐scale application of MET has been largely hindered by the limited availability of scalable system configurations. Here, we describe the ‘bioelectric well’ a bioelectrochemical reactor configuration, which can be installed directly within groundwater wells and can be applied for in situ treatment of organic contaminants, such as PHs. A laboratory‐scale prototype of the bioelectric well has been set up and operated in continuous‐flow regime with phenol as the model contaminant. The best performance was obtained when the system was inoculated with refinery sludge and the anode potentiostatically controlled at +0.2 V versus SHE. Under this condition, the influent phenol (25 mg l−1) was nearly completely (99.5 ± 0.4%) removed, with an average degradation rate of 59 ± 3 mg l−1 d and a coulombic efficiency of 104 ± 4%. Microbial community analysis revealed a remarkable enrichment of Geobacter species on the surface of the graphite anode, clearly pointing to a direct involvement of this electro‐active bacterium in the current‐generating and phenol‐oxidizing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza Palma
- Department of Chemistry - Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.,Water Research Institute (IRSA) - National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria km 29, 300, Monterotondo (RM), 00015, Italy
| | - Matteo Daghio
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences - University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, Milan, 20126, Italy
| | - Andrea Franzetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences - University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, Milan, 20126, Italy
| | | | - Federico Aulenta
- Water Research Institute (IRSA) - National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria km 29, 300, Monterotondo (RM), 00015, Italy
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Chiu H, Verpoort F, Liu J, Chang Y, Kao C. Using intrinsic bioremediation for petroleum–hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater cleanup and migration containment: Effectiveness and mechanism evaluation. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Azubuike CC, Chikere CB, Okpokwasili GC. Bioremediation techniques-classification based on site of application: principles, advantages, limitations and prospects. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:180. [PMID: 27638318 PMCID: PMC5026719 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental pollution has been on the rise in the past few decades owing to increased human activities on energy reservoirs, unsafe agricultural practices and rapid industrialization. Amongst the pollutants that are of environmental and public health concerns due to their toxicities are: heavy metals, nuclear wastes, pesticides, green house gases, and hydrocarbons. Remediation of polluted sites using microbial process (bioremediation) has proven effective and reliable due to its eco-friendly features. Bioremediation can either be carried out ex situ or in situ, depending on several factors, which include but not limited to cost, site characteristics, type and concentration of pollutants. Generally, ex situ techniques apparently are more expensive compared to in situ techniques as a result of additional cost attributable to excavation. However, cost of on-site installation of equipment, and inability to effectively visualize and control the subsurface of polluted sites are of major concerns when carrying out in situ bioremediation. Therefore, choosing appropriate bioremediation technique, which will effectively reduce pollutant concentrations to an innocuous state, is crucial for a successful bioremediation project. Furthermore, the two major approaches to enhance bioremediation are biostimulation and bioaugmentation provided that environmental factors, which determine the success of bioremediation, are maintained at optimal range. This review provides more insight into the two major bioremediation techniques, their principles, advantages, limitations and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Chibueze Azubuike
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, PMB 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, 500004, Rivers State, Nigeria.
| | - Chioma Blaise Chikere
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, PMB 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, 500004, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Gideon Chijioke Okpokwasili
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, PMB 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, 500004, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Daghio M, Tatangelo V, Franzetti A, Gandolfi I, Papacchini M, Careghini A, Sezenna E, Saponaro S, Bestetti G. Hydrocarbon degrading microbial communities in bench scale aerobic biobarriers for gasoline contaminated groundwater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 130:34-39. [PMID: 25747304 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) are some of the main constituents of gasoline and can be accidentally released in the environment. In this work the effect of bioaugmentation on the microbial communities in a bench scale aerobic biobarrier for gasoline contaminated water treatment was studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Catabolic genes (tmoA and xylM) were quantified by qPCR, in order to estimate the biodegradation potential, and the abundance of total bacteria was estimated by the quantification of the number of copies of the 16S rRNA gene. Hydrocarbon concentration was monitored over time and no difference in the removal efficiency for the tested conditions was observed, either with or without the microbial inoculum. In the column without the inoculum the most abundant genera were Acidovorax, Bdellovibrio, Hydrogenophaga, Pseudoxanthomonas and Serpens at the beginning of the column, while at the end of the column Thauera became dominant. In the inoculated test the microbial inoculum, composed by Rhodococcus sp. CE461, Rhodococcus sp. CT451 and Methylibium petroleiphilum LMG 22953, was outcompeted. Quantitative PCR results showed an increasing in xylM copy number, indicating that hydrocarbon degrading bacteria were selected during the treatment, although only a low increase of the total biomass was observed. However, the bioaugmentation did not lead to an increase in the degradative potential of the microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Daghio
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Tatangelo
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Franzetti
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Isabella Gandolfi
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Careghini
- Politecnico di Milano, DICA Sez. Ambientale, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sezenna
- Politecnico di Milano, DICA Sez. Ambientale, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Saponaro
- Politecnico di Milano, DICA Sez. Ambientale, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bestetti
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
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