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Yuan Y, Zhang G, Fang H, Peng S, Xia Y, Wang F. The ecology of the sewer systems: Microbial composition, function, assembly, and network in different spatial locations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 359:121107. [PMID: 38728984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Microbial induced concrete corrosion (MICC) is the primary deterioration affecting global sewers. Disentangling ecological mechanisms in the sewer system is meaningful for implementing policies to protect sewer pipes using trenchless technology. It is necessary to understand microbial compositions, interaction networks, functions, alongside assembly processes in sewer microbial communities. In this study, sewer wastewater samples and microbial samples from the upper part (UP), middle part (MP) and bottom part (BP) of different pipes were collected for 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis. It was found that BP harbored distinct microbial communities and the largest proportion of unique species (1141) compared to UP and MP. The community in BP tended to be more clustered. Furthermore, significant differences in microbial functions existed in different spatial locations, including the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle and sulfur cycle. Active microbial sulfur cycling indicated the corrosion risk of MICC. Among the environmental factors, the oxidation‒reduction potential drove changes in BP, while sulfate managed changes in UP and BP. Stochasticity dominated community assembly in the sewer system. Additionally, the sewer microbial community exhibited numerous positive links. BP possessed a more complex, modular network with higher modularity. These deep insights into microbial ecology in the sewer system may guide engineering safety and disaster prevention in sewer infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Yuan
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University. Zhengzhou 450001, China; Yellow River Laboratory, Zhengzhou University. Zhengzhou 450001, China; National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Major Infrastructure Testing and Rehabilitation Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Conservancy and Transportation Infrastructure Safety, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guangyi Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University. Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Hongyuan Fang
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University. Zhengzhou 450001, China; Yellow River Laboratory, Zhengzhou University. Zhengzhou 450001, China; National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Major Infrastructure Testing and Rehabilitation Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Conservancy and Transportation Infrastructure Safety, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Siwei Peng
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University. Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yangyang Xia
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University. Zhengzhou 450001, China; Yellow River Laboratory, Zhengzhou University. Zhengzhou 450001, China; National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Major Infrastructure Testing and Rehabilitation Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Conservancy and Transportation Infrastructure Safety, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fuming Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University. Zhengzhou 450001, China; Yellow River Laboratory, Zhengzhou University. Zhengzhou 450001, China; National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Major Infrastructure Testing and Rehabilitation Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Conservancy and Transportation Infrastructure Safety, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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2
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Silamat B, Mark O, Djordjević S, Chaiwiwatworakul P. Implementation of two-phase modeling of hydrogen sulfide in fresh market's combined sewers in Rat Burana, Bangkok. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120852. [PMID: 38608577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the sewer gases commonly found in wastewater collection systems. This anaerobic degradation product causes issues, ranging from odor nuisances and health hazards to pipe corrosion. Several studies have provided an understanding of H2S formation mechanism, including simulations of H2S emissions in sewers, especially in pressurized systems. However, the present models necessitate a large amount of data due to the complexity of the H2S processes and common routine-monitoring water quality parameters may not fit the requirements. This study aims to simulate the fate and transport of H2S in both air and water phases in combined sewers, with a realization of practicableness of the application. The study case is centered around a fresh market in Bangkok, where the sewers are commonly plagued with garbage-related issues. These challenges pose difficulties for site monitoring across various aspects, necessitating the application of unconventional methods. On-site hydrodynamics, wastewater quality, and H2S gas concentration data were monitored on hourly and daily bases. It was found that the sulfides in the combined sewerage were correlated with sewage quality, e.g., COD, sulfate (SO42-), and pH concentrations in particular. The model results were in an acceptable range of accuracy (R2 = 0.63; NSE = 0.52; RMSE = 1.18) after being calibrated with the measured hydrogen sulfide gas concentration. The results lead to the conclusion that the simplified model is practical and remains effective even in sewers with untraditional conditions. This could hold promise as a fundamental tool in shaping effective H2S mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyapa Silamat
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Ole Mark
- Innovation Urban Drainage, Krüger A/S, Gladsaxevej 363, Denmark
| | - Slobodan Djordjević
- Centre for Water Systems, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
| | - Pichet Chaiwiwatworakul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand.
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3
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Li Y, He Y, Guo H, Hou J, Dai S, Zhang P, Tong Y, Ni BJ, Zhu T, Liu Y. Sulfur-containing substances in sewers: Transformation, transportation, and remediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133618. [PMID: 38335612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing substances in sewers frequently incur unpleasant odors, corrosion-related economic loss, and potential human health concerns. These observations are principally attributed to microbial reactions, particularly the involvement of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in sulfur reduction process. As a multivalent element, sulfur engages in complex bioreactions in both aerobic and anaerobic environments. Organic sulfides are also present in sewage, and these compounds possess the potential to undergo transformation and volatilization. In this paper, a comprehensive review was conducted on the present status regarding sulfur transformation, transportation, and remediation in sewers, including both inorganic and organic sulfur components. The review extensively addressed reactions occurring in the liquid and gas phase, as well as examined detection methods for various types of sulfur compounds and factors affecting sulfur transformation. Current remediation measures based on corresponding mechanisms were presented. Additionally, the impacts of measures implemented in sewers on the subsequent wastewater treatment plants were also discussed, aiming to attain better management of the entire wastewater system. Finally, challenges and prospects related to the issue of sulfur-containing substances in sewers were proposed to facilitate improved management and development of the urban water system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanying He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haixiao Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiaqi Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Suwan Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Peiyao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yindong Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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4
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Steininger F, Zieger SE, Koren K. Timing matters: the overlooked issue of response time mismatch in pH-dependent analyte sensing using multiple sensors. Analyst 2023; 148:5957-5962. [PMID: 37861449 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01207g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of pH-dependent analytes is crucial for a wide range of applications, including environmental monitoring, industrial processes, and healthcare diagnostics. In multi-sensor systems, combining data from multiple sensors offers the potential for more comprehensive analysis, yet it is important to be aware of the limitations of this approach. In this paper, we investigate the often-overlooked issue of response time mismatch among sensors, which can introduce significant errors in calculated sum parameters. We present a model and software application (SensinSilico) that allows predicting the error arising from a mismatch of sensor response times. The model was compared and validated using experimental results from calculations of total dissolved sulphide (TDS). These calculations were based on data from concurrent sensor measurements of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and pH, which had different response times. We believe that SensinSilico has the potential to be a powerful tool for researchers, professionals, and end-users, enabling them to estimate and minimize errors arising from response time mismatches, enhancing the accuracy and reliability of their results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Steininger
- Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Department of Biology, Section for Microbiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Silvia E Zieger
- Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Department of Biology, Section for Microbiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Data Scientist and Environmental Consultant - SilviaZieger SP, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Klaus Koren
- Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Department of Biology, Section for Microbiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Xu Z, Yang Q, Jiang X, Dong Y, Hu Z, Shi L, Zhao R. Multi-dimension analysis of volatile sulfur compound emissions from an urban wastewater treatment plant. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118632. [PMID: 37499412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Long-term monitoring of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) released at the water-air interface from different treatment units of an anaerobic/oxic (A/O) wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was carried out to assess the temporal and spatial emission characteristics of VSCs, to explore relationships between wastewater quality and VSC release. The VSC from non-aerated and aerated units were collected using dynamic and static chambers, respectively, and determined using gas chromatography. The VSC emission fluxes diminished in the order of primary sedimentation tank (PST) > anaerobic areas (ANA) > oxic section 1 (OX1). VSCs were not detected in the oxic section 2 (OX2), the oxic areas section 3 (OX3), and the final setting basin (FSB). Release capacities of VSCs descended in the order of summer > fall > spring > winter, with July, August, and September being the months with the highest VSC release capacities. VSC emission fluxes correlated well with wastewater temperatures, sulfate concentrations, and COD. VSC emission flux empirical equations based on wastewater temperature, sulfate concentrations, and COD were established. Based on the established VSC emission empirical equation, a control strategy to reduce the operating costs of deodorization facilities was proposed. This strategy is economically efficient and reduces the consumption of electrical energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongze Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Qing Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Xiancong Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yufan Dong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Zhanhong Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Lei Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Ruhan Zhao
- Xuchang Electrical Vocational College, Xuchang, 461002, China
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6
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Yan X, Sun J, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Li W, Xu J, Dai X, Ni BJ. Low-rate ferrate dosing damages the microbial biofilm structure through humic substances destruction and facilitates the sewer biofilm control. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 235:119834. [PMID: 36913810 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The microbial activities in sewer biofilms are recognized as a major reason for sewer pipe corrosion, malodor, and greenhouse gas emissions. However, conventional methods to control sewer biofilm activities were based on the inhibitory or biocidal effect of chemicals and often required long exposure time or high dosing rates due to the protection of sewer biofilm structure. Therefore, this study attempt to use ferrate (Fe(VI)), a green and high-valent iron, at low dosing rates to damage the sewer biofilm structure so as to enhance sewer biofilm control efficiency. The results showed the biofilm structure started to crush when the Fe(VI) dosage was 15 mg Fe(VI)/L and the damage enhanced with the increasing dosage. The determination of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) showed that Fe(VI) treatment at 15-45 mgFe/L mainly decreased the content of humic substances (HS) in biofilm EPS. This is because the functional groups, such as C-O, -OH, and C=O, which held the large molecular structure of HS, were the primary target of Fe(VI) treatment as suggested by 2D-Fourier Transform Infrared spectra. As a result, the coiled chain of EPS maintained by HS was turned to extended and dispersed and consequently led to a loosed biofilm structure. The XDLVO analysis suggested that both the microbial interaction energy barrier and secondary energy minimum were increased after Fe(VI) treatment, suggesting that the treated biofilm was less likely to aggregate and easier to be removed by the shear stress caused by high wastewater flow. Moreover, combined Fe(VI) and free nitrous acid (FNA) dosing experiments showed for achieving 90% inactivation, the FNA dosing rate could be reduced by 90% with the exposure time decreasing by 75% at a low Fe(VI) dosing rate and the total cost was substantially decreased. These results suggested that applying low-rate Fe(VI) dosing for sewer biofilm structure destruction is expected to be an economical way to facilitate sewer biofilm control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yizhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zisha Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chuning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Xu
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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7
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Zhang L, Qiu YY, Sharma KR, Shi T, Song Y, Sun J, Liang Z, Yuan Z, Jiang F. Hydrogen sulfide control in sewer systems: A critical review of recent progress. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 240:120046. [PMID: 37224665 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In sewer systems where anaerobic conditions are present, sulfate-reducing bacteria reduce sulfate to hydrogen sulfide (H2S), leading to sewer corrosion and odor emission. Various sulfide/corrosion control strategies have been proposed, demonstrated, and optimized in the past decades. These included (1) chemical addition to sewage to reduce sulfide formation, to remove dissolved sulfide after its formation, or to reduce H2S emission from sewage to sewer air, (2) ventilation to reduce the H2S and humidity levels in sewer air, and (3) amendments of pipe materials/surfaces to retard corrosion. This work aims to comprehensively review both the commonly used sulfide control measures and the emerging technologies, and to shed light on their underlying mechanisms. The optimal use of the above-stated strategies is also analyzed and discussed in depth. The key knowledge gaps and major challenges associated with these control strategies are identified and strategies dealing with these gaps and challenges are recommended. Finally, we emphasize a holistic approach to sulfide control by managing sewer networks as an integral part of an urban water system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ying Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keshab R Sharma
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tao Shi
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yarong Song
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jianliang Sun
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhensheng Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Feng Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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8
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Steininger F, Koren K, Revsbech NP, Marzocchi U. Microsensor for total dissolved sulfide (TDS). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 323:138229. [PMID: 36841451 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Total Dissolved Sulfide (TDS) concentrations can either be derived from simultaneous measurement of pH and one of the sulfide species or determined indirectly in samples following an acidification step. Here we report a microsensor that allows for direct measurement of TDS in aquatic media without the need for pH monitoring. An acidic chamber placed in front of a commercial, amperometric H2S microsensor allows for the in-situ conversion of dissolved ionic sulfide species to H2S, which in turn is oxidized at the transducer anode. A typical sensor had a tip opening of 30 μm, a response time of <50 s and linear range between 0.5 and 650 μM. The sensor performance can be largely tuned by altering the geometry of the chamber. Sensors of different sensitivity (0.04-2.93 pA/μM) showed no noticeable change in zero current and sensitivity during continuous polarization over 7 weeks. The sensor was successfully applied to resolve microscale TDS gradients in freshwater and marine sediments. Other avenues of application include the online monitoring of industrial and urban sewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Steininger
- Center for Water Technology (WATEC), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Klaus Koren
- Center for Water Technology (WATEC), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Peter Revsbech
- Center for Water Technology (WATEC), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ugo Marzocchi
- Center for Water Technology (WATEC), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Electromicrobiology (CEM), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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9
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Wang X, Jiang C, Wang D, Yang Y, Fan L, Xu S, Zhuang X. Quorum sensing responses of activated sludge to free nitrous acid: Zoogloea deformation, AHL redistribution, and microbiota acclimatization. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 238:119993. [PMID: 37146395 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Free nitrous acid (FNA) has been widely employed for improvement of wastewater management by altering sludge characteristic and function based on its polymer lysing and biocidal capacity. Sludge characteristic and function are commonly considered as the joint consequence of microbial individual behaviors and quorum sensing (QS) involved collective behaviours, but the role of the latter in FNA treatment was still as-yet-unidentified and addressed in this research. The results of sludge morphology and component characterized FNA-induced zoogloea deformation, including inner cell exposure, half of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) reduction and adsorption site depletion. During zoogloea deformation, four acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), including C4-HSL, C8-HSL, C10-HSL and C12-HSL, transferred inward of microbiota, and their total contents reduced by 66% because of depressed signal production, augmented decomposer and recognition. Transcriptome analysis revealed that differentially expressed QS driven by AHL redistribution facilitated microbiota acclimatization including cellular motility and hydrolase synthesis for EPS consumption. Boosted motility may favor escaping from stress spot and moderating intercellular acidity based on cell motility test. Feasible EPS consumption provided nutrition for heterotrophic metabolisms testified by pure culture with EPS as sole nutrition. Our work thus comprehensively revealed QS behaviours responding to FNA and deepened the understanding to FNA treatment performance in wastewater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cancan Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Danhua Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Lijing Fan
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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10
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Park SH, Batchelor B, Ghosh A. Gas transfer model for a multistage vortex aerator: A novel oxygen transfer system for dissolved oxygen improvement. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115704. [PMID: 35842992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel aerator for enhancing the oxygen transfer rate and efficiency, named multistage vortex aerator (MVA), was developed. It uses vortex flow in repeated stages to increase the gas-liquid interfacial area and to decrease the thickness of the stagnant layer at the interface between the two phases. The basic characteristics of oxygen transfer using this aerator were investigated using the American Society of Civil Engineers standard procedure. The MVA could rapidly transfer oxygen to water to a concentration higher than 40 mg/L in 60 min owing to the effect of high purity oxygen, additional pressure induced by water and gas, and vortex flow dynamics. A gas transfer model was developed for describing the non-steady state operation of the aerator. This model is based on the mass and molar balances of oxygen in gas and water. It could successfully simulate the DO change inside the aerator. This study can help better understand the oxygen transfer mechanism and evaluate the performance of the new aerator at the various temperatures, pressures, and gas compositions found in diverse environmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hyuk Park
- Department of ICT Integrated Safe Ocean Smart Cities Engineering, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-daero Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bill Batchelor
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-daero Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
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11
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Shi J, Li X, Zhang S, Sharma E, Sivakumar M, Sherchan SP, Jiang G. Enhanced decay of coronaviruses in sewers with domestic wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:151919. [PMID: 34826473 PMCID: PMC8610560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent outbreaks caused by coronaviruses and their supposed potential fecal-oral transmission highlight the need for understanding the survival of infectious coronavirus in domestic sewers. To date, the survivability and decay of coronaviruses were predominately studied using small volumes of wastewater (normally 5-30 mL) in vials (in-vial tests). However, real sewers are more complicated than bulk wastewater (wastewater matrix only), in particular the presence of sewer biofilms and different operational conditions. This study investigated the decay of infectious human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), two typical surrogate coronaviruses, in laboratory-scale reactors mimicking the gravity (GS, gravity-driven sewers) and rising main sewers (RM, pressurized sewers) with and without sewer biofilms. The in-sewer decay of both coronaviruses was greatly enhanced in comparison to those reported in bulk wastewater through in-vial tests. 99% of HCoV-229E and FIPV decayed within 2 h under either GS or RM conditions with biofilms, in contrast to 6-10 h without biofilms. There is limited difference in the decay of HCoV and FIPV in reactors operated as RM or GS, with the T90 and T99 difference of 7-10 min and 14-20 min, respectively. The decay of both coronaviruses in sewer biofilm reactors can be simulated by biphasic first-order kinetic models, with the first-order rate constant 2-4 times higher during the first phase than the second phase. The decay of infectious HCoV and FIPV was significantly faster in the reactors with sewer biofilms than in the reactors without biofilms, suggesting an enhanced decay of these surrogate viruses due to the presence of biofilms and related processes. The mechanism of biofilms in virus adsorption and potential inactivation remains unclear and requires future investigations. The results indicate that the survivability of infectious coronaviruses detected using bulk wastewater overestimated the infectivity risk of coronavirus during wastewater transportations in sewers or the downstream treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Shi
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Xuan Li
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Shuxin Zhang
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Elipsha Sharma
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Muttucumaru Sivakumar
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Samendra P Sherchan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Guangming Jiang
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
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12
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Zhang Z, Chang N, Wang S, Lu J, Li K, Zheng C. Enhancing sulfide mitigation via the sustainable supply of oxygen from air-nanobubbles in gravity sewers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152203. [PMID: 34890666 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditional air or oxygen injection is an effective and economical mitigation strategy for sulfide control in pressure sewers, but it is not suitable for gravity sewers due to the low solubility of oxygen in water under normal atmospheric conditions. Herein, an air-nanobubble (ANB) injection method was proposed for sulfide mitigation in gravity sewers, and its sulfide control efficiency was evaluated by long-term laboratory gravity sewer reactors. The results showed that an average inhibition rate of 45.36% for sulfide was obtained when ANBs were implemented, which was 3.75 times higher than that of the traditional air injection method, revealing the effectiveness and feasibility of the ANB injection method. As suggested by microbial community analysis of sewer biofilms, the relative abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) decreased 40.57% while that of sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) increased 215.27% in the presence of ANBs, indicating that sulfide mitigation by ANB injection included both the inhibition of sulfide production and the oxidation of dissolved sulfide. The specific cost consumption of ANB injection was 1.7 $/kg-S, which was only 6.85% of that of traditional air injection (24.8 $/kg-S), suggesting that the sustainable supply of oxygen based on ANB injection is not only environmentally but also economically beneficial for sulfide mitigation. The findings of this study may provide an efficient sulfide mitigation strategy for the management of corrosion and malodour issues in the poorly ventilated gravity sewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Chang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheping Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China; Xi'an Municipal Design and Research Institute, No.100 Zhuque Road, Xi'an 710068, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsuo Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kexin Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Cailin Zheng
- Ankang Municipal Facilities Management, House and Urban Rural Development Department of Ankang, NO.1 Bingjiang Road, Ankang 725000, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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13
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Veshareh MJ, Dolfing J, Nick HM. Importance of thermodynamics dependent kinetic parameters in nitrate-based souring mitigation studies. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 206:117673. [PMID: 34624655 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Souring is the unwanted formation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) by sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM) in sewer systems and seawater flooded oil reservoirs. Nitrate treatment (NT) is one of the major methods to alleviate souring: The mechanism of souring remediation by NT is stimulation of nitrate reducing microorganisms (NRM) that depending on the nitrate reduction pathway can outcompete SRM for common electron donors, or oxidize sulfide to sulfate. However, some nitrate reduction pathways may challenge the efficacy of NT. Therefore, a precise understanding of souring rate, nitrate reduction rate and pathways is crucial for efficient souring management. Here, we investigate the necessity of incorporating two thermodynamic dependent kinetic parameters, namely, the growth yield (Y), and FT, a parameter related to the minimum catabolic energy production required by cells to utilize a given catabolic reaction. We first show that depending on physiochemical conditions, Y and FT for SRM change significantly in the range of [0-0.4] mole biomass per mole electron donor and [0.0006-0.5], respectively, suggesting that these parameters should not be considered constant and that it is important to couple souring models with thermodynamic models. Then, we highlight this further by showing an experimental dataset that can be modeled very well by considering variable FT. Next, we show that nitrate based lithotrophic sulfide oxidation to sulfate (lNRM3) is the dominant nitrate reduction pathway. Then, arguing that thermodynamics would suggest that S° consumption should proceed faster than S0 production, we infer that the reason for frequently observed S0 accumulation is its low solubility. Last, we suggest that nitrate based souring treatment will suffer less from S0 accumulation if we (i) act early, (ii) increase temperature and (iii) supplement stoichiometrically sufficient nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Jahanbani Veshareh
- Danish Hydrocarbon Research and Technology Centre, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Jan Dolfing
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hamidreza M Nick
- Danish Hydrocarbon Research and Technology Centre, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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14
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Abstract
Concrete sewer pipes can be corroded by the biogenic sulfuric acid (H2SO4) generated from microbiological activities in a process called biocorrosion or microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC). In this study, inhibitors that can reduce Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans growth and thus may reduce the accumulation of biofilm components responsible for the biodegradation of concrete were used. D-tyrosine, tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate (THPS) and TiO2 nanoparticles were investigated as potential inhibitors of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) growth. Results showed that most of the chemicals used can inhibit SOB growth at a concentration lower than 100 mg/L. TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited the highest biocide effect and potential biocorrosion mitigation activity, followed by D-tyrosine and THPS.
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15
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Comparison of H2S Gas Sensors: A Sensor Management Procedure for Sewer Monitoring. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131910779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) emissions are one of the major problems associated with sewer networks. This gas, with its characteristic smell of rotten eggs is highly toxic and leads to the corrosion of sewer infrastructures. To protect cities and ensure the safety of sewer workers, sewers are commonly monitored using H2S gas sensors. In this work, three commercial H2S gas sensors for air quality monitoring were compared at two different sites in Berlin, Germany. Two of the sensors provide online access to data, while the other one is a data logger. Moreover, based on statistical measures (RMSE, MAE, MB, and a graphical analysis), we evaluated whether a rotation/exchange between data logger (reference) and online sensors is possible without significant differences in the gas measurements. Experimental evaluation revealed that measurement differences are dependent on the H2S concentration range. The deviation between sensors increases as the H2S concentration rises. Therefore, the interchange between reference and online sensors depends on the application site and the H2S levels. At lower ranges (0–10 ppm) there were no observed problems. Finally, to support practitioners on-site, a management procedure in the form of a decision-making tool is proposed for assessing whether gas sensors should be exchanged/rotated.
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16
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Zan F, Tang W, Jiang F, Chen G. Diversion of food waste into the sulfate-laden sewer: Interaction and electron flow of sulfidogenesis and methanogenesis. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117437. [PMID: 34298275 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diverting food waste (FW) into the sulfate-laden sewer may pose a significant influence on the production of methane and sulfide in sewers. Identifying microbial electron utilization is essential to understanding the interaction of sulfidogenesis and methanogenesis in depth. Here, we reported sulfide and methane production from the sewer bioreactors receiving sulfate-laden wastewater (160 mg S/L), with and without FW addition. Long-term monitoring showed that the addition of FW (1 g/L) could boost both sulfide (by 39%) and methane (by 44%) production. As for the electrons used for sulfidogenesis and methanogenesis, about 98% flowed to sulfidogenesis. Cryosection-fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that high sulfate content suppressed the accumulation of methanogens in biofilm outer layer, whereas methanogens in the inner layer were enriched with FW addition. Moreover, the FW addition fostered the diversity of the fermentative bacteria and changed the type of methanogens in biofilms, and up-regulated the key enzymes expressions for sulfidogenesis and methanogenesis. A model-based investigation suggests that increased FW-to-sewage ratios would exert a significant impact on methane production than on sulfide production. The microbial electron flows were highly dependent on sulfate concentration and FW-to-sewage ratios. The findings of this study suggest that sulfate and substrate levels play a key role in microbial electron utilization for sulfide and methane production, and diverting FW into the sulfate-laden sewer may exert negative impacts on sewer management and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Zan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water & Wastewater Treatment, MOHURD, and Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety and Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wentao Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Wang J, Liu GH, Wang J, Xu X, Shao Y, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Qi L, Wang H. Current status, existent problems, and coping strategy of urban drainage pipeline network in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43035-43049. [PMID: 34125384 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Urban drainage pipeline systems collect and transport domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, and rainwater. They are important components of urban infrastructure. The quality of drainage facilities directly determines the level of urban development and affects the urban landscape and sanitary environment. In recent years, however, the phenomenon of "attaching importance to construction, despising management and maintenance" has prevailed in China's urban drainage pipeline network. The problems such as structural damage, corrosion, and blockage of the sewage pipelines are becoming increasingly prominent in China, causing a lot of operational challenges such as direct discharge of sewage, backward irrigation of river and lake water, infiltration of external water, and overflow pollution. To comprehensively acquire these information about China's urban drainage pipeline network, this paper reviews current status of construction, operation, management and maintenance, existent problems, and coping strategy of the sewage pipelines. Finally, future directions are also discussed in detail for rational construction and maintenance of sewage pipelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Low-carbon Water Environmental Technology Center, School of Environment & Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Low-carbon Water Environmental Technology Center, School of Environment & Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junyan Wang
- Low-carbon Water Environmental Technology Center, School of Environment & Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglong Xu
- Low-carbon Water Environmental Technology Center, School of Environment & Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Shao
- Low-carbon Water Environmental Technology Center, School of Environment & Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Low-carbon Water Environmental Technology Center, School of Environment & Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Low-carbon Water Environmental Technology Center, School of Environment & Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Qi
- Low-carbon Water Environmental Technology Center, School of Environment & Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongchen Wang
- Low-carbon Water Environmental Technology Center, School of Environment & Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China
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18
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Edathil AA, Kannan P, Haija MA, Banat F. Sulfide remediation from wastewater using hydrothermally synthesized δ-MnO 2/porous graphitic carbon as adsorbent. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110429. [PMID: 33171121 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A facile hydrothermal assisted in-situ precipitation technique was employed for synthesizing highly efficient porous graphitic carbon/manganese dioxide (PGC/MnO2) nanocomposite adsorbent using calcium alginate as carbon precursor. Morphological and structural characterization using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques confirmed the interconnected nanoporous architecture and birnessite (δ) MnO2 polymorph evenly distributed on the PGC structure. The synergistic effect of PGC and MnO2 was exploited for enhanced sulfide removal from wastewater via adsorptive oxidation. The effect of different experimental parameters, including solution pH, initial sulfide concentration, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on removal efficiency was investigated. The equilibrium and kinetic data for sulfide adsorption by PGC/MnO2 nanocomposite fitted well with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. The maximum uptake capacity of sulfide by the nanocomposite was determined as 500 mg/g with complete sulfide removal. Further, it was estimated that a typical field application using the synthesized nanocomposite adsorbent would require 0.5-1 g/L per 200 mg/L of sulfide contaminated wastewater. Based on the experimental results, a schematic of the adsorptive oxidation mechanism of PGC/MnO2 nanocomposite is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Achazhiyath Edathil
- National Center for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pravin Kannan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohammad Abu Haija
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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19
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Wang Z, Zheng M, Duan H, Ni G, Yu W, Liu Y, Yuan Z, Hu S. Acidic aerobic digestion of anaerobically-digested sludge enabled by a novel ammonia-oxidizing bacterium. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 194:116962. [PMID: 33657493 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is a commonly used process for the reduction and stabilization of wasted activated sludge generated in wastewater treatment plants. However, anaerobically-digested (AD) sludge is still a problematic waste stream due to its large volume and often poor quality. In this study, two aerobic digesters were set up to treat anaerobically-digested sludge, with one digester operated in self-generated acidic condition as the experimental reactor, and one at neutral pH as the control reactor. The acidic condition in the experimental reactor was driven by an inoculated special ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, 'Candidatus Nitrosoglobus', which can tolerate low pH. As a result of ammonium oxidation by Ca. Nitrosoglobus, the pH decreased to 4.8 ± 0.2 and nitrite accumulated to and stayed at 200.0 ± 17.2 mg N L-1, from which free nitrous acid (FNA) at 8.5 ± 1.8 mg HNO2N L-1 formed in-situ. As a combined effect of low pH and high concentration of FNA, the experimental reactor reduced the total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS) and non-volatile solids (NVS) in the AD sludge by 25.2 ± 7.0%, 29.8 ± 4.3%, and 22.6 ± 5.5%, respectively. In contrast, the control reactor without Ca. Nitrosoglobus inoculation (operated at a near-neutral pH of 6.8 ± 0.3 and no FNA formation) only reduced VS in the AD sludge by 10.4 ± 4.3%, along with negligible NVS reduction. Additionally, the acidic aerobic digestion in the experimental reactor significantly stabilized AD sludge, decreasing the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) to 0.5 ± 0.1 mg O2 g-1VS h-1 and the most probable number (MPN) of Faecal Coliforms to 2.4 ± 0.1 log(MPN g-1TS), both of which meet USEPA standards for Class A biosolids. In comparison, the control reactor produced biosolids at Class B level only, with an SOUR of 1.8 ± 0.2 mg O2 g-1VS h-1 and a Faecal Coliforms MPN of 3.6 ± 0.1 log(MPN g-1TS). By reducing the volume and improving the quality of the AD sludge, the acidic aerobic digestion of AD sludge enabled by Ca. Nitrosoglobus has the potential to significantly save the sludge disposal costs in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Wang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Min Zheng
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Haoran Duan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Gaofeng Ni
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yanchen Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shihu Hu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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20
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Zheng T, Li W, Ma Y, Liu J. Time-based succession existed in rural sewer biofilms: Bacterial communities, sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea, and sulfide and methane generation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:144397. [PMID: 33385817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rural sewers are applied widely to collect rural sewage and biofilm characteristics in rural sewers may be different with municipal sewers. The succession of bacteria communities, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and methanogenic archaea (MA) need to be studied since rural sewers have a potential risk of sulfide and methane accumulation. In this study, lab-scale rural sewer facilities were established to analyze the characteristics of sewer biofilm and the generation of sulfide and methane. The results indicate that the variation tendency of biofilm thickness in rural sewers was different with municipal sewers. Time-based bacterial succession existed in rural sewer biofilms and the predominant genus was changed from Acinetobacter (approximately 19.10%) to Pseudomonas (approximately 12.61%). SRB (mean 1.49 × 106dsrA copies/cm2) were abundant than MA (mean 2.57 × 105mcrA copies/cm2) while MA were eliminated gradually in rural sewer biofilms. The tendency of sulfide and methane generation was similar with the number variation of SRB and MA, indicating sulfide accumulation might be more serious trouble than methane accumulation in a long-run rural sewer. Overall, this study deeply analyzed the succession of rural sewer biofilms and found that MA and methane were automatically inhibited in rural sewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wenkai Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingqun Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Junxin Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
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21
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Zan F, Guo G, Zheng T, Chen G. Biofilm development in a pilot-scale gravity sewer: Physical characteristics, microstructure, and microbial communities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110838. [PMID: 33581085 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The existence of abundant biofilms on sewer pipeline walls can lead to negative environmental impacts, such as poisonous gas release and pipe corrosions through transforming various pollutants. Investigating the formation process of sewer biofilms is of importance in advancing knowledge of sewer operation and maintenance. In this study, the changes in physical characteristics, microstructure, and microbial communities of sewer biofilm were analyzed in-depth in a pilot-scale gravity sewer during a 45-day operation. The results show that a high specific surface area at the early stage could channel the substrates for stimulating the primary colonizers (e.g., Cytophagia, Sphingobacteriia, Alpha-, and Betaproteobacteria), which could excrete an extracellular matrix to facilitate biofilm growth. The sewer biofilms were gradually formed with 62 g VS/m2 organic content, 1.2 mm biofilm thickness, and 89 mg/cm3 dry density after 45 days operation. Moreover, the biofilm growth promoted the emergence of facultative bacteria and anaerobes (affiliated with Flavobacteriia, Gemmatimonadetes, Deltaproteobacteria, and Epsilonproteobacteria). Microelectrode analysis further verified that an anaerobic zone existed in mature biofilm with a negative oxidation-reduction potential (-105 mV), where approximately 0.1 μmol/L of sulfide was produced. Our results suggest that the migration of the microbial community correlated with the changes in the evolved physical characteristics and microstructure of sewer biofilm, and this can contribute to the strategies for sulfide control for improving sewer maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Zan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Center, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Gang Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Tianlong Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Center, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
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22
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Mei K, Cheng X, Gu T, Zheng Y, Gong P, Li B, Zhang C, Zhang L, Dai B. Effects of Fe and Al ions during hydrogen sulphide (H 2S)-induced corrosion of tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C 4AF) and tricalcium aluminate (C 3A). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123928. [PMID: 33264978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With high concentration and toxic H2S gas found in sewage facilities, it has ultra-high leakage risk and great environment impact, once the sealing material failure. In this study, hydrogen sulphide (H2S)-induced corrosion effects of tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C4AF) and tricalcium aluminate (C3A) phases of cement were evaluated during the initial stages of reaction. Both phase changes and bond structures were examined by techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicate that corrosion occurred through a stepwise reaction promoted by Fe ions. The effects of Fe and Al ions were further quantitatively investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and 27Al solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR). Compared with hydrated samples, the Fe ions were changed with Fe(II) ions increasing and Fe(III) ions reducing, and the AlOx group was observed to be transformed form AlO4 to AlO6 after H2S corrosion. Changes obtained will be benefit the further development of hazardous H2S control material and risk management operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Mei
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China; State Key Laboratory of Geo-mechanics and Geo-technical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Xiaowei Cheng
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China; State Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China.
| | - Tao Gu
- Engineering Technology Research Institute, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, Guanghan, Sichuan 618300, China
| | - Youzhi Zheng
- Engineering Technology Research Institute, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, Guanghan, Sichuan 618300, China
| | - Peng Gong
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China; State Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Bin Li
- Engineering Technology Research Institute, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, Guanghan, Sichuan 618300, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China; State Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Geo-mechanics and Geo-technical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Bibo Dai
- The State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health for Metal Mines, Maanshan, Anhui 243000, China
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23
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Xing Y, Chen XD, Wang SP, Zhang ZQ, Liu X, Lu JS. Effect of minocycline on the changes in the sewage chemical index and microbial communities in sewage pipes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123792. [PMID: 33254801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing use of drugs in cities, the sewer is becoming the most suitable place for antibiotic accumulation and transfer. In order to reveal the occurrence and fate of antibiotic sewage during pipeline migration, we used an anaerobic reactor device to simulate the concentration change of minocycline in the sewer and its impact on the sewage quality. The results showed that 90.8 % of minocycline was removed during sewer transportation. In the presence of minocycline, although the consumption of Chemical Oxygen Demand and total nitrogen in the sewage did not change significantly, the consumption rate of total phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and the growth rate of ammonia nitrogen at the front end of the pipeline were decreased from 29.4 %, 86.3 %, 60.3 % to 3.7 %, 81.5 %, 18.3 % respectively. Minocycline inhibited the reduction of SO42-, while also reducing the production of H2S gas and increasing the release of CH4 gas. Moreover, the decline in the abundance of functional bacteria such as phosphorus accumulating organisms was consistent with the consumption of sewage nutrients. This experiment provides data support for the risk of wastewater leakage of medical and pharmaceutical wastewater into domestic sewage, and will helps to maintain the safe operation of actual sewage pipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xing
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xing-du Chen
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - She-Ping Wang
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jin-Suo Lu
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
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24
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Wilk ŁJ, Ciechanowska A, Kociołek-Balawejder E. Adsorptive-Oxidative Removal of Sulfides from Water by MnO 2-Loaded Carboxylic Cation Exchangers. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13225124. [PMID: 33202896 PMCID: PMC7696700 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid ion exchangers (HIX) containing manganese(IV) oxide (MnO2) based on macroporous and gel-type carboxylic cation exchangers as supporting materials were obtained. The hybrid materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K and mercury porosimetry. HIX with introduced MnO2 (20.0–32.8 wt% Mn) were tested for removal of dissolved sulfides from anoxic aqueous solutions with 100–500 mg S2−/dm3 concentrations. The process proceeded effortlessly at pH 10–13 despite unfavorable electrostatic interactions of the reactants. The highest exhibited sorption capacity was 144.3 ± 7.1 mg S2−/g. Approximately 65% of dissolved sulfides were oxidized to S2O32− ions and repelled from HIX structure. On average, 13% of sulfide removal products were adsorbed by the MnO2 surface. The impact of MnO2 load and the ionic form of HIX functional groups on removal of sulfides and resulting products was examined. The mechanism of the process is suggested.
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25
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Wang S, Corredor Garcia JL, Davidson J, Nichols A. Conductance-Based Interface Detection for Multi-Phase Pipe Flow. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20205854. [PMID: 33081178 PMCID: PMC7589208 DOI: 10.3390/s20205854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sediment and flow depth monitoring in sewers is important for informing flow models and for predicting and mitigating against sewer blockage formation and surcharge. In this study, a novel sensor based on conductance measurement has been developed and tested under a laboratory environment and validated by a finite-element model. The relative conductance is measured between pairs of adjacent electrodes to provide a conductance profile along the sensor length. A piecewise linear relationship between conductance and electrode length was derived and the interface positions between sediment, water, and air can be determined from the profile. The results demonstrated that the root mean square error of the model and the measured interface level are within 1.4% and 2.6% of sensor’s measurement range. An error distribution of interface height shows that all anticipated errors are within the resolution of the electrode length increments. Furthermore, it was found that the conductivity of the measured medium is proportional to the gradient of the linear relationship of conductance and electrode length. It could therefore prove a valuable new tool for the accurate quantification of sediment and flow levels in sewer conduits, coastal environments, drainage systems for transport networks, and other industrial or academic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Wang
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; (S.W.); (J.L.C.G.)
| | - Jesus Leonardo Corredor Garcia
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; (S.W.); (J.L.C.G.)
| | - Jonathan Davidson
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Andrew Nichols
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; (S.W.); (J.L.C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-114-222-0256
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26
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Choi PM, Bowes DA, O'Brien JW, Li J, Halden RU, Jiang G, Thomas KV, Mueller JF. Do food and stress biomarkers work for wastewater-based epidemiology? A critical evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 736:139654. [PMID: 32497888 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dietary characteristics and oxidative stress are closely linked to the wellbeing of individuals. In recent years, various urinary biomarkers of food and oxidative stress have been proposed for use in wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), in efforts to objectively monitor the food consumed and the oxidative stress experienced by individuals in a wastewater catchment. However, it is not clear whether such biomarkers are suitable for wastewater-based epidemiology. This study presents a suite of 30 urinary food and oxidative stress biomarkers and evaluates their applicability for WBE studies. This includes 22 biomarkers which were not previously considered for WBE studies. Daily per capita loads of biomarkers were measured from 57 wastewater influent samples from nine Australian catchments. Stability of biomarkers were assessed using laboratory scale sewer reactors. Biomarkers of consumption of vitamin B2, vitamin B3 and fibre, as well as a component of citrus had per capita loads in line with reported literature values despite susceptibility of degradation in sewer reactors. Consumption biomarkers of red meat, fish, fruit, other vitamins and biomarkers of stress had per capita values inconsistent with literature findings, and/or degraded rapidly in sewer reactors, indicating that they are unsuitable for use as WBE biomarkers in the traditional quantitative sense. This study serves to communicate the suitability of food and oxidative stress biomarkers for future WBE research.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Choi
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - D A Bowes
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, United States of America; OneWaterOneHealth, Arizona State University Foundation, United States of America
| | - J W O'Brien
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - J Li
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - R U Halden
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, United States of America; OneWaterOneHealth, Arizona State University Foundation, United States of America
| | - G Jiang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Australia; School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - K V Thomas
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - J F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Australia
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27
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Sanitation Network Sulfide Modeling as a Tool for Asset Management. The Case of the City of Murcia (Spain). SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) generated in sewer networks induces corrosion which today constitutes the main cause of deterioration of concrete pipes. Information regarding the H2S concentration inside sewer networks, as well as its control and reduction, has become one of the most important concerns in sanitation systems management nowadays. Modeling sulfide dynamics is the key to understanding corrosion processes. A dynamic model (called EMU-SANETSUL) was developed to calculate the H2S concentration in both the water and the gas phases of the main sewers of the city of Murcia (Spain). The model was calibrated with data from field measurements taken from both the gas phase and wastewater. Samples were taken in the network from 2016 to 2019. The model achieved an accuracy index and error index in the ranges of 57% and 15%, respectively. Empirical equations of reaction are used, and calibration parameters are detailed. The code uses an explicit discretization technique, named the Discrete Volume Element Method (DVEM). A map with the annual average concentration of H2S at the gas phase inside each pipe of the simulated network is presented. Values are compared with the mechanical deterioration inventory from closed-circuit television (CCTV) inspections performed by the Municipal Sanitation Company of the city of Murcia (EMUASA). Mechanical deterioration of pipes has diverse causes, including corrosion of pipes by H2S. Sections with high H2S concentrations that match with mechanical wear can be considered susceptible to being prioritized when rehabilitation works are being planned. Therefore, H2S concentration modeling provides valuable information for asset management of the sewer network.
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28
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Song Y, Wightman E, Kulandaivelu J, Bu H, Wang Z, Yuan Z, Jiang G. Rebar corrosion and its interaction with concrete degradation in reinforced concrete sewers. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 182:115961. [PMID: 32622125 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Concrete corrosion, as a major issue in sewer management, has attracted considerable research. In comparison, the corrosion of reinforcing steel bar (rebar) is not well understood. Particularly, fundamental knowledge of rebar corrosion and its interactions with concrete corrosion/cracking is largely lacking. This study investigated rebar corrosion and concrete degradation using reinforced concrete coupons exposed in a pilot sewer system. The physical-chemical corrosion characteristics were investigated in local regions; the nature of rebar rusts was analyzed using the advanced mineral analytical techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD); further, the interactions between rebar corrosion and concrete corrosion/cracking were elucidated by characterizing the microstructure and element distribution in interfacial areas using Mineral Liberation Analysis (MLA). The rebar corrosion products were found to be iron oxides, oxyhydroxides, chlorides, sulfides and sulfates. The predominant rebar corrosion reactions varied with exposure time and the development of concrete corrosion. When concrete corrosion reached rebar surface, the cracking of the concrete cover was influenced by multiple effects, including the macro-cracking induced by the corrosion products expansion, and the micro-cracking accelerated by the dissolution, diffusion and deposition of Fe derived from rebar rusts at the concrete corrosion front. A conceptual model elucidating rebar corrosion and the complex interactions between rebar corrosion and concrete degradation is proposed to support the development of corrosion prevention and refurbishment strategies for reinforced concrete sewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Song
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Elaine Wightman
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, 4068, Australia
| | | | - Hao Bu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiyao Wang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; School of Civil, Mining & Environmental Engineering, The University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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29
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Pang Y, Gu T, Zhang G, Yu Z, Zhou Y, Zhu DZ, Zhang Y, Zhang T. Experimental study on volatile sulfur compound inhibition using a single-chamber membrane-free microbial electrolysis cell. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:30571-30582. [PMID: 32468370 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Odor emissions from sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants have attracted much attention due to the potential negative effects on human health. A single-chamber membrane-free microbial electrolysis cell was proposed for the removal of sulfides in a sewer system. The feasibility of the use of volatile sulfur compounds and their removal efficiency in liquid and headspace gas phases were investigated using synthetic wastewater with real sewer sediment and Ru/Ir-coated titanium electrodes. The results indicate that hydrogen sulfide and volatile organic sulfur compounds were effectively inhibited in the liquid phase upon electrochemical treatment at current densities of 1.55, 2.06, and 2.58 mA/cm2, and their removal rates reached up to 86.2-100%, except for dimethyl trisulfide, the amount of which increased greatly at 1.55 mA/cm2. In addition, the amount of volatile sulfur compounds in the headspace decreased greatly; however, the total theoretical odor concentration was still high, and methanethiol and ethanethiol greatly contributed to the total strength of the odor concentration due to their low odor threshold concentrations. The major pathway for sulfide removal in the single-chamber membrane-free microbial electrolysis cell is biotic oxidation, the removal rate of which was 0.4-0.5 mg/min, 4-5 times that of indirect electrochemical oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Pang
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tianfeng Gu
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guijiao Zhang
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Zhiguang Yu
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yongchao Zhou
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - David Z Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Yiping Zhang
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tuqiao Zhang
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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30
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Zhang J, Zhu Q, Xing Z. Preparation of new materials by ethylene glycol modification and Al(OH) 3 coating NZVI to remove sulfides in water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 390:122049. [PMID: 32007862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) modified by ethylene glycol (EG), and then an aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) film was wound on it to make a new material (EG-NZVI@Al(OH)3), it is used to remove sulfides in water and it has greatly improved the performance of sulfide removal. At different pH values, Al(OH)3 film can effectively improve the adsorption of sulfide by EG-NZVI @Al(OH)3. Al(OH)3 film can also enhance suspension stability and reduce NZVI corrosion in water. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization methods were used to prove that the NZVI was successfully modified by EG and coated by Al(OH)3, achieved the role of protecting NZVI from being oxidized during preparation and drying, and enhanced suspension stability, chemical reactivity and longevity. The removal of sulfides in water by NZVI is mainly through the formation of surface complexes, iron mercapto oxide (FeOSH) and the precipitates of iron sulfide (FeS, FeS2, FeSn) adsorbed on the surface of NZVI. Al(OH)3 film is positively charged It will cause electrostatic adsorption and adsorption on sulfur ions. EG-NZVI@Al(OH)3 is used to remove sulfide from 2.5-50 mg/L aqueous solution. It shows the highest adsorption capacity is 175.5 mg/g. And the mechanism of adsorption is speculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Zipeng Xing
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, Harbin 150080, China
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31
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Van Dinh C. Anticorrosion Behavior of the SiO 2/Epoxy Nanocomposite-Concrete Lining System under H 2SO 4 Acid Aqueous Environment. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10533-10542. [PMID: 32426611 PMCID: PMC7227047 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Concrete structures in the sewer are corroded by sulfuric acid solution resulted from the actions of microorganisms in a sewer environment. Many reports pointed out that it can shorten the service life of concrete sewer networks from 10 to 50 years. Isolation of sulfuric acid solution from the surface of the sewerage concrete structures by using a polymer lining is effective corrosion protection. This study presents the preparation of a silica-epoxy nanocomposite material used for this lining purpose. Diffusion behavior, the cohesion of the lining on the concrete surface under the severer conditions, was investigated. Dispersion and distribution of the nanoparticles in the epoxy matrix confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis contribute to the enhancement of the lining's barrier properties to water and to H2SO4 acid solution at different temperatures. An improvement of cohesion between the concrete and the nanocomposite lining was found. The nanocomposite lining remained cohesive on a concrete substrate almost two times longer than the neat lining when they were exposed to the 10.0 wt % H2SO4 acid solution at both 40 and 60 °C. The energy-dispersive system combined SEM analysis results of the pulled-off linings confirmed that the corrosion of the concrete interfaces is because of H2SO4 acid. It contributes to the adhesion loss of the lining. Thus, loaded nanosilica particles into epoxy enhance barrier properties, bond strength, and longevity of the service life of the sewerage concrete structure.
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32
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Sun J, Wei L, Yin R, Jiang F, Shang C. Microbial iron reduction enhances in-situ control of biogenic hydrogen sulfide by FeOOH granules in sediments of polluted urban waters. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 171:115453. [PMID: 31918385 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the abiotic and biotic processes in the in-situ control of biogenic hydrogen sulfide generated from microbial sulfate reduction by ferric (FeIII) (hydr)oxides (FeOOH) granules in the sediments of polluted urban waters. Granular ferric hydroxide (GFH, β-FeOOH) and granular ferric oxide (GFO, α-FeOOH) dosed in the organic- and sulfate-rich sediments had 180% and 19% higher sulfide removal capacities than those used for the purely abiotic removal of dissolved sulfide, respectively. The enhancement was attributable to the involvement of the biotic pathways, besides the abiotic pathways (mainly sulfide oxidation). The FeOOH granules stimulated the microbial reduction of surface FeIII by iron-reducing bacteria (e.g., Desulfovibrio and Carnobacterium), and increased the microbial sulfate reduction by 24%-30% under an organic-rich condition, likely due to the enhanced organic fermentation. The microbial iron reduction significantly enhanced the removal of the formed biogenic hydrogen sulfide through increasing sulfide precipitation because it remarkably promoted the release of Fe2+ ions from the granule surface, likely due to the involvement of siderophores as ligands. This biotic pathway led to the formation of amorphous FeS(s) as a major sulfur product (56%-81%), instead of elemental sulfur. The enhancement in the sulfide control performance was much more pronounced when the poorly ordered GFH was used, because of the faster Fe2+ release, compared to the highly ordered GFO. The abiotic and biotic mechanisms elucidated in this study provide insights into the iron-sulfur chemistry in the sediments of various polluted waters (e.g., storm drains, urban rivers, and estuary), where the manually-dosed and naturally-occurring FeIII (hydr)oxides control biogenic hydrogen sulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Li Wei
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chii Shang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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33
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Duan H, Gao S, Li X, Ab Hamid NH, Jiang G, Zheng M, Bai X, Bond PL, Lu X, Chislett MM, Hu S, Ye L, Yuan Z. Improving wastewater management using free nitrous acid (FNA). WATER RESEARCH 2020; 171:115382. [PMID: 31855696 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Free nitrous acid (FNA), the protonated form of nitrite, has historically been an unwanted substance in wastewater systems due to its inhibition on a wide range of microorganisms. However, in recent years, advanced understanding of FNA inhibitory and biocidal effects on microorganisms has led to the development of a series of FNA-based applications that improve wastewater management practices. FNA has been used in sewer systems to control sewer corrosion and odor; in wastewater treatment to achieve carbon and energy efficient nitrogen removal; in sludge management to improve the sludge reduction and energy recovery; in membrane systems to address membrane fouling; and in wastewater algae systems to facilitate algae harvesting. This paper aims to comprehensively and critically review the current status of FNA-based applications in improving wastewater management. The underlying mechanisms of FNA inhibitory and biocidal effects are also reviewed and discussed. Knowledge gaps and current limitations of the FNA-based applications are identified; and perspectives on the development of FNA-based applications are discussed. We conclude that the FNA-based technologies have great potential for enhancing the performance of wastewater systems; however, further development and demonstration at larger scales are still required for their wider applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Duan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Shuhong Gao
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, United States
| | - Xuan Li
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nur Hafizah Ab Hamid
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Min Zheng
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xue Bai
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Philip L Bond
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xuanyu Lu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mariella M Chislett
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Shihu Hu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Liu Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Yan X, Sun J, Kenjiahan A, Dai X, Ni BJ, Yuan Z. Rapid and strong biocidal effect of ferrate on sulfidogenic and methanogenic sewer biofilms. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 169:115208. [PMID: 31670088 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For the control of sulfide and methane in sewers, it is favorable to reduce their production rather than to remove them after generation. In this study, we revealed rapid and strong biocidal effect of ferrate (Fe(VI)) on sulfidogenic and methanogenic sewer biofilms, leading to control of sulfide and methane production in sewer. The inactivation of the microorganisms in sewer biofilms by Fe(VI) could be accomplished within 15 min for a single dosing event and the biocidal effect could be enhanced by applying pulse dosing strategy. The microbiological analysis showed that the key functional genes involved in sulfide and methane production, i.e. dsrA and mcrA, in the viable cells after Fe(VI) dosing were decreased substantially by 84.2% and 86.6%, respectively. Significant drops were also observed in the relative abundances of viable sulfide reducing bacteria (SRB) and methanogenic archaea (MA). The direct dosing of Fe(VI) into a sewer reactor led to instant and complete suppression of sulfidogenic and methanogenic activities, and the recovery of the activities resembled the regrowth of residual SRB and MA. The results of this study suggested the feasibility for developing an efficient and cost-effective sulfide and methane control strategy using Fe(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Ahezhuoli Kenjiahan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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35
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Wilk ŁJ, Ciechanowska A, Kociołek-Balawejder E. Removal of sulfides from water using a hybrid ion exchanger containing manganese(IV) oxide. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Pikaar I, Flugen M, Lin HW, Salehin S, Li J, Donose BC, Dennis PG, Bethke L, Johnson I, Rabaey K, Yuan Z. Full-scale investigation of in-situ iron and alkalinity generation for efficient sulfide control. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 167:115032. [PMID: 31546029 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide induced corrosion of concrete sewer pipes is a major issue for wastewater utilities globally. One of the most commonly used methods to combat hydrogen sulfide is the addition of ferric chloride. While a reliable and effective method, ferric chloride is acidic causing OH&S concerns as well as alkalinity consumption in sewage. This study investigates, under full-scale field conditions, an alternative method for sulfide control by in-situ electrochemical generation of iron ions using sacrificial iron electrodes. This method concomitantly produces alkalinity through cathodic OH- generation, rather than consumption. The gaseous hydrogen sulfide concentrations at the discharge wet well of a real-life rising main (length: ∼1 km in, diameter: 150 mm) decreased from 173 ppm to 43 ppm (90 percentile of peak values), when a current of 0.86 A/m3 of sewage was applied. The 90 percentile peak H2S value was further reduced to 6.6 ppm when the applied current was increased to 1.14 A/m3 sewage. Moreover, methane generation was almost completely inhibited from 25.3 ± 1.46 mg COD/L to 0.06 ± 0.04 mg COD/L. The overall cell voltage remained constant throughout the experimental period clearly showing the stability of the process. Detailed characterization of the down-stream sewer pipe biofilm revealed the complexity of the iron chemistry as the in-situ produced iron ions undergo transformation into a variety of iron species. Overall, this study demonstrates that in-situ generation of iron and alkalinity is an effective alternative method for hydrogen sulfide control in sewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilje Pikaar
- The University of Queensland, The School of Civil Engineering, QLD, 4072, Australia; The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Markus Flugen
- The University of Queensland, The School of Civil Engineering, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Hui-Wen Lin
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taiwan" to "Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sirajus Salehin
- The University of Queensland, The School of Civil Engineering, QLD, 4072, Australia; The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jiuling Li
- The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Bogdan C Donose
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemical Engineering, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Paul G Dennis
- The University of Queensland, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Lisa Bethke
- The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ian Johnson
- The City of Gold Coast, 833 Southport Nerang Road, Nerang, QLD, 4211, Australia
| | - Korneel Rabaey
- The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), QLD, 4072, Australia; Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), QLD, 4072, Australia
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37
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An IVTIFN–TOPSIS Based Computational Approach for Pipe Materials Selection. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9245457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) approach, coupling intervalued trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy number (IVTIFN) with the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to facilitate the selection of pipe materials. Their integration can maximize the advantage in better expressing decision maker’s preference on the proposed evaluation criteria by using a bounded limit instead of an exact value, to rank material alternatives based upon their functional, economic and environmental attributes. To reduce possible information overlapping resulted from the criteria, Mahalanobis distance is incorporated into IVTIFN–TOPSIS to improve the selection results. An illustrative example is provided to verify the proposed approach and demonstrate its practical application, in which four common alternative materials, including carbon steel, galvanized steel, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and high-density polyethylenes (HDPE), are subject to precise selection to determine their adaptability in waste-water piping. The selection result indicates that the plastic materials are superior to the metal materials. In particular, HDPE is the optimal material alternative for waste-water collection and transport.
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38
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Abdel-Aal M, Villa R, Jawiarczyk N, Alibardi L, Jensen H, Schellart A, Jefferson B, Shepley P, Tait S. Potential influence of sewer heat recovery on in-sewer processes. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 80:2344-2351. [PMID: 32245926 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heat recovery from combined sewers has a significant potential for practical renewable energy provision as sources of heat demand and sewer pipes are spread across urban areas. Sewers are continuously recharged with relatively hot wastewater, as well as interacting with heat sources from surrounding air and soil. However, the potential effects of modifying sewage temperature on in-sewer processes have received little attention. The deposition of fats, oils and greases (FOGs) and hydrogen sulphide formation are biochemical processes and are thus influenced by temperature. This paper utilises a case study approach to simulate anticipated temperature reductions in a sewer network due to heat recovery. A laboratory investigation into the formation of FOG deposits at temperatures varying between 5 °C and 20 °C provided mixed results, with only a weak temperature influence, highlighting the need for more research to fully understand the influence of the wastewater composition as well as temperature on FOG deposit formation. A separate modelling investigation into the formation of hydrogen sulphide when inflow temperature is varied between 5 °C and 20 °C showed considerable reductions in hydrogen sulphide formation. Hence, heat extraction from sewers could be a promising method for managing some in-sewer processes, combined with traditional methods such as chemical dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Abdel-Aal
- School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Stephenson Street, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK E-mail:
| | - Raffaella Villa
- School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Natalia Jawiarczyk
- Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Luca Alibardi
- Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Henriette Jensen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Alma Schellart
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Bruce Jefferson
- Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Paul Shepley
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Simon Tait
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
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39
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O'Brien JW, Choi PM, Li J, Thai PK, Jiang G, Tscharke BJ, Mueller JF, Thomas KV. Evaluating the stability of three oxidative stress biomarkers under sewer conditions and potential impact for use in wastewater-based epidemiology. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 166:115068. [PMID: 31542546 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater contains a wealth of information about the population who contribute to it including biological and chemical markers of human activity and exposures. F2-isoprostanes have been proposed as oxidative stress biomarkers that can be measured in wastewater to provide a measure of oxidative stress at the population level. While an association between tobacco use and their level in wastewater has been demonstrated, an in-sewer stability assessment has not been conducted to support their use as oxidative stress biomarkers for wastewater-based epidemiology studies. In this study we investigated the stability of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), its metabolite dinor-11β-Prostaglandin F2α (dnPGF2α) and Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (representative of other classes of prostaglandins) in laboratory-scale sewer reactors simulating real sewers. PGF2α, dnPGF2α and PGE2 were all found to be sufficiently stable under typical sewer conditions therefore satisfying the stability requirement of wastewater-based epidemiology population health biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake W O'Brien
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Phil M Choi
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Jiaying Li
- The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Phong K Thai
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; School of Civil, Mining & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Tscharke
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
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40
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Li X, O'Moore L, Song Y, Bond PL, Yuan Z, Wilkie S, Hanzic L, Jiang G. The rapid chemically induced corrosion of concrete sewers at high H 2S concentration. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 162:95-104. [PMID: 31255785 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Concrete corrosion in sewers is primarily caused by H2S in sewer atmosphere. H2S concentration can vary from several ppm to hundreds of ppm in real sewers. Our understanding of sewer corrosion has increased dramatically in recent years, however, there is limited knowledge of the concrete corrosion at high H2S levels. This study examined the corrosion development in sewers with high H2S concentrations. Fresh concrete coupons, manufactured according to sewer pipe standards, were exposed to corrosive conditions in a pilot-scale gravity sewer system with gaseous H2S at 1100 ± 100 ppm. The corrosion process was continuously monitored by measuring the surface pH, corrosion product composition, corrosion loss and the microbial community. The surface pH of concrete was reduced from 10.5 ± 0.3 to 3.1 ± 0.5 within 20 days and this coincided with a rapid corrosion rate of 3.5 ± 0.3 mm year -1. Microbial community analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated the absence of sulfide-oxidizing microorganisms in the corrosion layer. The chemical analysis of corrosion products supported the reaction of cement with sulfuric acid formed by the chemical oxidation of H2S. The rapid corrosion of concrete in the gravity pipe was confirmed to be caused by the chemical oxidation of hydrogen sulfide at high concentrations. This is in contrast to the conventional knowledge that is focused on microbially induced corrosion. This first-ever systematic investigation shows that chemically induced oxidation of H2S leads to the rapid corrosion of new concrete sewers within a few weeks. These findings contribute novel understanding of in-sewer corrosion processes and hold profound implications for sewer operation and corrosion management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Liza O'Moore
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Yarong Song
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Philp L Bond
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Simeon Wilkie
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Australia; Division of Civil Engineering, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Lucija Hanzic
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Guangming Jiang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Australia; School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia.
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41
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Ai T, He Q, Xu J, Yin F, Li H, Ai H. A conceptual method to simultaneously inhibit methane and hydrogen sulfide production in sewers: The carbon metabolic pathway and microbial community shift. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 246:119-127. [PMID: 31176177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the impact of COD/SO42- ratio in sewage on methane and hydrogen sulfide production in sewer biofilms was investigated by using three identical lab-scale gravity sewer systems. The results showed that the COD/SO42- played a key role in the competition between methanogenic archaea (MA) and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). Both the lowest methane and hydrogen sulfide production were obtained at COD/SO42- ratio of 6. The carbon transformation revealed that the activity of both MA and SRB was inhibited at this COD/SO42- ratio. Methanosarcina and Methanobacterium were the two dominant MA, while Desulfonema, Desulfotomaculum and Desulfovibrio were the dominant SRB in this case. The specific SRB activity measured by batch tests proved that acetate was mainly degraded by the MA, while propionate was the preferred substrate for the SRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ai
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Jingwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Feixian Yin
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Hainan Ai
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China.
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42
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Tu X, Xu M, Li J, Li E, Feng R, Zhao G, Huang S, Guo J. Enhancement of using combined packing materials on the removal of mixed sulfur compounds in a biotrickling filter and analysis of microbial communities. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:52. [PMID: 31345193 PMCID: PMC6659214 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Packing materials is a critical design consideration when employing biological reactor to treat malodorous gases. The acidification of packing bed usually results in a significant drop in the removal efficiency. In the present study, a biotrickling filter (BTF2) packed with plastic balls in the upper layer and with lava rocks in the bottom layer, was proposed to mitigate the acidification. Results Results showed that using combined packing materials efficiently enhanced the removal performance of BTF2 when compared with BTF1, which was packed with sole lava rocks. Removal efficiencies of more than 92.5% on four sulfur compounds were achieved in BTF2. Average pH value in its bottom packing bed was about 4.86, significantly higher than that in BTF1 (2.85). Sulfate and elemental sulfur were observed to accumulate more in BTF1 than in BTF2. Analysis of principal coordinate analysis proved that structure of microbial communities in BTF2 changed less after the shutdown but more when the initial pH value was set at 5.5. Network analysis of significant co-occurrence patterns based on the correlations between microbial taxa revealed that BTF2 harbored more diverse microorganisms involving in the bio-oxidation of sulfur compounds and had more complex interactions between microbial species. Conclusions Results confirmed that using combined packing materials effectively improved conditions for the growth of microorganisms. The robustness of reactor against acidification, adverse temperature and gas supply shutdown was greatly enhanced. These provided a theoretical basis for using mixed packing materials to improve removal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Tu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiying Xu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Enze Li
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongfang Feng
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobin Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Guo
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
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43
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Huang H, Zheng X, Yang S, Chen Y. More than sulfidation: Roles of biogenic sulfide in attenuating the impacts of CuO nanoparticle on antibiotic resistance genes during sludge anaerobic digestion. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 158:1-10. [PMID: 31004981 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic sulfide (BS) in anaerobic digesters was previously suggested to mitigate the potential impacts of metallic nanoparticles (M-NPs) on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) propagation by sulfidation of the M-NPs. In this study, a new role of BS in regulating ARGs responses to M-NPs is reported. It was observed that CuO NPs at environmentally relevant level had no significant effects on the spread of ARGs. However, higher dosage (50 mg/gTSS) contributed to the propagation of ARGs, whose abundances would be effectively reduced by 74-115% if BS production was stimulated. Instead, introduction of EDTA, a metal ion chelator, resulted in much lower attenuation efficiencies (12-40%), indicating that restriction of the bioavailability of CuO NPs might not be the only reason for the buffering of ARG responses in the presence of BS. Further investigation showed that the presence of BS together with activation of key enzymes (O-acetyl serine sulfhydrylase and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase) supplied and favored the biosynthesis and transformation of cysteine, which mitigated the oxidative stress induced by CuO NPs. Moreover, the amounts of cysteine and its metabolite glutathione in sludge were associated with the abundances of ARGs negatively, implying that in situ generated cysteine was the important ARGs regulator. Exploration of possible mechanisms revealed that the biosynthesized cysteine might limit gene transfer potential via mobile genetic elements, as cysteine restricted the abundances of intI 1, Tn916/1545 and ISCR 1. In addition, the cysteine remarkably alleviated the copper stress and copper resistance, which in turn blocked possible co-selection between copper and antibiotic resistance. This work provides new insight into attenuation of the bio-effects of NPs in digesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Shouye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, School of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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44
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Sun X, Jiang G, Bond PL, Keller J. Periodic deprivation of gaseous hydrogen sulfide affects the activity of the concrete corrosion layer in sewers. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 157:463-471. [PMID: 30981977 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide induced concrete corrosion significantly reduces the service life of the sewer systems. Gaseous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels are a key factor affecting the corrosion rate and these fluctuate due to the diurnal flow pattern of sewers. Currently, there is little known about how such fluctuations, in particular the periodic deprivation of H2S, may affect the corrosion activity. This study investigated the impact of the deprivation of H2S on the sulfide uptake rate (SUR) of concrete coupons incubated in laboratory corrosion chambers. After systematic evaluation of the gaseous H2S concentration profiles of two sewer systems, two types of profiles, i.e. short- (1 h) and long- (12 h) term deprivation of H2S, were applied to the concrete coupons. In comparison to the baseline SUR, exposing the concrete coupon to 0 ppm of H2S for 1 h consistently caused a temporary increase of the SUR (i.e. 3.2%-12.5%) following re-supply of H2S at baseline levels. With the continuous re-supply of H2S, there was gradual and steady decrease of SUR to the level close to the baseline SUR. However, for the case after deprivation of H2S for 12 h, the SUR was 5.1% lower than baseline SUR and gradually increased to a level similar to the baseline SUR during the 20-30 min of continuous re-supply of H2S. In addition, the simultaneous deprivation of H2S and O2 for 1 h had negligible impact on the SUR. Further analysis suggests that the historically accumulated intermediates of sulfide oxidation could act as electron donors for sulfide oxidizing bacteria (SOB). The replenishment of the intermediates upon the re-supply of H2S could play a key role in the increase of SUR after short-term deprivation of H2S. However, the activity of SOB could be diminished after long-term deprivation of H2S, although the sulfur intermediates still could be available. Estimating the sulfide uptake by concrete using the SUR of the average H2S concentration could lead to overestimation of the sulfide uptake. There could be more significant overestimation for the case with longer deprivation of H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sun
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guangming Jiang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Philip L Bond
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jurg Keller
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Kulandaivelu J, Gao J, Song Y, Shrestha S, Li X, Li J, Doederer K, Keller J, Yuan Z, Mueller JF, Jiang G. Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Illicit Drugs from Wastewater Due to Ferric Dosing in Sewers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6245-6254. [PMID: 31067854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b07155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferric (Fe3+) salt dosing is an efficient sulfide control strategy in the sewer network, with potential for multiple benefits including phosphorus removal in the biological reactors and sulfide emission control in the anaerobic digesters of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). This paper extends the knowledge on the benefit of iron dosing by exploring its impact on the fate of organic micropollutants (MPs) in the wastewater using sewer reactors simulating a rising main sewer pipe. The sulfide produced by the sewer biofilms reacted with Fe3+ forming black colored iron sulfide (FeS). Among the selected MPs, morphine, methadone, and atenolol had >90% initial rapid removal within 5 min of ferric dosing in the sewer reactor. The ultimate removal after 6 h of retention time in the reactor reached 93-97%. Other compounds, ketamine, codeine, carbamazepine, and acesulfame had 30-70% concentration decrease. The ultimate removal varied between 35 and 70% depending on the biodegradability of those MPs. In contrast, paracetamol had no initial removal. The rapid removal of MPs was likely due to adsorption to the FeS surface, which is further confirmed by batch tests with different FeS concentrations. The results showed a direct relationship between the removal of MPs and FeS concentration. The transformation kinetics of these compounds in the reactor without Fe3+ dosing is in good agreement with biodegradation associated with the sewer biofilms in the reactor. This study revealed a significant additional benefit of dosing ferric salts in sewers, that is, the removal of MPs before the sewage enters the WWTP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianfa Gao
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences , The University of Queensland , Woollongabba , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Yarong Song
- Advanced Water Management Centre , The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Sohan Shrestha
- Advanced Water Management Centre , The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Xuan Li
- Advanced Water Management Centre , The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Jiaying Li
- Advanced Water Management Centre , The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Katrin Doederer
- Advanced Water Management Centre , The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Jurg Keller
- Advanced Water Management Centre , The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre , The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences , The University of Queensland , Woollongabba , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- Advanced Water Management Centre , The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University of Arts and Science , Sichuan , China
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales 2522 , Australia
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Wiley PE. Reduction of hydrogen sulfide gas in a small wastewater collection system using sodium hydroxide. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:483-490. [PMID: 30624825 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Kennebunk Sewer District collection system experienced H2 S-induced corrosion downstream of terminus manholes for the Wells Road and Boothby Road pumping stations. An automated odor control system using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was developed to mitigate further corrosion. System performance was quantified by recording the [H2 S] in the terminus manholes before and after NaOH treatment. Preliminary evaluation at the Wells Road facility demonstrated significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the average [H2 S] between the treatment (4.8 ± 0.3 ppm) and control (67 ± 1.5 ppm). Permanent systems installed at both facilities in 2017 yielded similar positive results. The average [H2 S] in the Wells and Boothby Road terminus manholes reduced from 89.4 ± 1.0 to 8.0 ± 0.1 ppm and from 7.9 ± 0.2 to 0.82 ± 0.06 ppm, respectively. This work demonstrates the ability of the NaOH system presented here to minimize emission of corrosive H2 S gas in small collection systems. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Biologically-produced hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) gas corrodes sewer collection system components and results in premature asset failure. Maintaining wastewater pH above 8.5 by injecting sodium hydroxide (NaOH) minimizes H2 S emission by shifting the molar distribution of sulfur species and partially inhibiting the anaerobes that produce H2 S. The practical application of this approach may be limited to small wastewater collection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Wiley
- Portsmouth Public Works Department, Portsmouth, New Hampshire
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Liang ZS, Zhang L, Wu D, Chen GH, Jiang F. Systematic evaluation of a dynamic sewer process model for prediction of odor formation and mitigation in large-scale pressurized sewers in Hong Kong. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 154:94-103. [PMID: 30776618 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate and mitigate odor formation and emission in sewers, several sewer models have been developed. Although these models can predict the immediate effects of chemical dosing on odor emission control, the long-term effects due to the variation of biofilm dynamics were generally underestimated. Therefore, in this study, we developed a dynamic model to simulate sewer processes initiated by sewer. The dynamic sewer process model was calibrated and validated with experimental data collected from two pressurized mains in actual operation in Hong Kong (TCS and MH17). The results show that the dynamic model can satisfactorily predict the dynamic concentrations of sulfide and ammonium (with measured and simulated values differing by less than 6%). The model was employed to systematically assess the long-term effects of three commonly used control strategies, i.e. addition of nitrate salts, addition of biocides, and hydraulic flushing, on sulfide formation and to predict sewer biofilm compositions. The modeling results reveal that the effect of odor mitigation measures on sulfide control varied with time due to the re-establishment of sulfate-reducing bacteria community in sewer biofilm. The long-term effect of nitrate addition would be diminishing because of the growth of heterotrophic denitrifies in sewer biofilms (increased from 7% to 21% after 55 days of nitrate addition) to consumed more nitrate. After dosing biocide or hydraulic flushing in sewers, sulfide production would rebound in the following several days due to the regrowth of sewer biofilms, indicating that the optimization of odor mitigation strategies is necessary. This study highlights that the biofilm dynamics shall be involved in the simulation of odor formation and emission, to evaluate and optimize the long-term effects of mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Sheng Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Management and Treatment, MOE Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute(Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute(Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute(Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Management and Treatment, MOE Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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48
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Jin P, Gu Y, Shi X, Yang W. Non-negligible greenhouse gases from urban sewer system. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:100. [PMID: 31057666 PMCID: PMC6486696 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The urban sewer system is an important component of urban water infrastructure for sewage collection and transportation, and in-sewer transportation of sewage can cause multitudinous contaminant degradations which lead to formation of gaseous products. Although the greenhouse gases of methane and carbon dioxide have been confirmed to consist in the gaseous products, the mechanisms of greenhouse gas generation were unclear and the significances of greenhouse gases emission from sewers were generally underestimated. RESULTS In this study, 3 years of monitoring was conducted to evaluate the greenhouse gases emission in 37-km-long urban sewer systems covering 13 km2. The results showed that the emission of carbon dioxide and methane was extensively existing in sewers, and especially, exhibited a characteristic of regional difference. In order to reveal the formation mechanism of carbon dioxide and methane in sewers, the metagenomic approach was utilized to analyze the annotated pathways and homologous bio-enzymes, and it indicated that fourteen pivotal annotated pathways were involved in the carbon dioxide and methane generation. According to the metagenomics and 3-year monitoring results, the total amounts of carbon dioxide and methane emission in sewers were calculated by the transformation venation of contaminants (such as methyl alcohol, methylamine and acetic acid along branch sewer, sub-main sewer and main sewer, respectively). The calculation results showed that the total greenhouse gas emissions in sewer were calculated to be 199 t/day in Xi'an, and if scaling up as population proportion, the greenhouse gas emission from sewer systems in China could be 30,685 t/day. Comparing with the greenhouse gas emissions from different metropolises (New York City, London and Tokyo) and industries (dairy farms, automobile production and steel enterprises), the amount of greenhouse gases produced by the urban sewer system is much higher. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the transformation pathways of contaminants which promoted the generation of greenhouse gases in sewers. Based on this analysis, the greenhouse gas emissions along sewer systems were calculated. The results indicate that the greenhouse gas emission from sewer systems is non-negligible, and should be attracted sufficient attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkang Jin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, 710055 Shaanxi China
| | - Yonggang Gu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, 710055 Shaanxi China
| | - Xuan Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, 710055 Shaanxi China
| | - Wenna Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, 710055 Shaanxi China
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49
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Li X, Khademi F, Liu Y, Akbari M, Wang C, Bond PL, Keller J, Jiang G. Evaluation of data-driven models for predicting the service life of concrete sewer pipes subjected to corrosion. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 234:431-439. [PMID: 30640168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Concrete corrosion is one of the most significant failure mechanisms of sewer pipes, and can reduce the sewer service life significantly. To facilitate the management and maintenance of sewers, it is essential to obtain reliable prediction of the expected service life of sewers, especially if that is based on limited environmental conditions. Recently, a long-term study was performed to identify the controlling factors of concrete sewer corrosion using well-controlled laboratory-scale corrosion chambers to vary levels of H2S concentration, relative humidity, temperature and in-sewer location. Using the results of the long-term study, three different data-driven models, i.e. multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural network (ANN), and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), as well as the interaction between environmental parameters, were assessed for predicting the corrosion initiation time (ti) and corrosion rate (r). This was performed using the sewer environmental factors as the input under 12 different scenarios after allowing for an initiation corrosion period. ANN and ANFIS models showed better performance than MLR models, with or without considering the interactions between environmental factors. With the limited input data available, it was observed that ti prediction by these models is quite sensitive, however, they are more robust for predicting r as long as the H2S concentration is available. Using the H2S concentration as a single input, all three data driven models can reasonably predict the sewer service life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Faezehossadat Khademi
- Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, USA.
| | - Yiqi Liu
- School of Automation Science & Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Mahmoud Akbari
- Civil Engineering Department, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Chengduan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Sichuan, China.
| | - Philip L Bond
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jurg Keller
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Guangming Jiang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Australia; School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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50
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Li J, Sharma K, Liu Y, Jiang G, Yuan Z. Real-time prediction of rain-impacted sewage flow for on-line control of chemical dosing in sewers. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 149:311-321. [PMID: 30465989 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemical dosing is a commonly used strategy for mitigating sewer corrosion and odour problems caused by sulfide production. Prediction of sewage flow variation in real-time is critical for the optimization of chemical dosing to achieve cost-effective mitigation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Autoregressive (AR) models have previously been used for real-time sewage prediction. However, the prediction showed significant delays in wet weather conditions. In this paper, autoregressive with exogenous inputs (ARX) models are employed to reduce the delays with rainfall data used as model inputs. The model is applied to predicting sewage flows at two real-life sewage pumping stations (SPSs) with different hydraulic characteristics and climatic conditions. The calibrated models were capable of predicting flow rates in both cases, much more accurately than previously developed AR models under wet weather conditions. Simulation of on-line chemical dosing control based on the predicted flows showed excellent sulfide mitigation performance at reduced cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuling Li
- Advanced Water Management Centre, Building 60, Research Road, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Keshab Sharma
- Advanced Water Management Centre, Building 60, Research Road, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Yiqi Liu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, Building 60, Research Road, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; School of Automation Science & Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushang Road, Guang Zhou, 510640, China.
| | - Guangming Jiang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, Building 60, Research Road, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, Building 60, Research Road, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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