1
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Aizik G, Ostertag-Hill CA, Chakraborty P, Choi W, Pan M, Mankus DV, Lytton-Jean AKR, Kohane DS. Injectable hydrogel based on liposome self-assembly for controlled release of small hydrophilic molecules. Acta Biomater 2024; 183:101-110. [PMID: 38834149 PMCID: PMC11239275 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Controlled release of low molecular weight hydrophilic drugs, administered locally, allows maintenance of high concentrations at the target site, reduces systemic side effects, and improves patient compliance. Injectable hydrogels are commonly used as a vehicle. However, slow release of low molecular weight hydrophilic drugs is very difficult to achieve, mainly due to a rapid diffusion of the drug out of the drug delivery system. Here we present an injectable and self-healing hydrogel based entirely on the self-assembly of liposomes. Gelation of liposomes, without damaging their structural integrity, was induced by modifying the cholesterol content and surface charge. The small hydrophilic molecule, sodium fluorescein, was loaded either within the extra-liposomal space or encapsulated into the aqueous cores of the liposomes. This encapsulation strategy enabled the achievement of controlled and adjustable release profiles, dependent on the mechanical strength of the gel. The hydrogel had a high mechanical strength, minimal swelling, and slow degradation. The liposome-based hydrogel had prolonged mechanical stability in vivo with benign tissue reaction. This work presents a new class of injectable hydrogel that holds promise as a versatile drug delivery system. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The porous nature of hydrogels poses a challenge for delivering small hydrophilic drug, often resulting in initial burst release and shorten duration of release. This issue is particularly pronounced with physically crosslinked hydrogels, since their matrix can swell and dissipate rapidly, but even in cases where the polymers in the hydrogel are covalently cross-linked, small molecules can be rapidly released through its porous mesh. Here we present an injectable self-healing hydrogel based entirely on the self-assembly of liposomes. Small hydrophilic molecules were entrapped inside the extra-liposomal space or loaded into the aqueous cores of the liposomes, allowing controlled and tunable release profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Aizik
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Management, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Claire A Ostertag-Hill
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Priyadarshi Chakraborty
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Management, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wonmin Choi
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Management, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michelle Pan
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Management, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David V Mankus
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Abigail K R Lytton-Jean
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel S Kohane
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Management, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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2
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Rijns L, Baker MB, Dankers PYW. Using Chemistry To Recreate the Complexity of the Extracellular Matrix: Guidelines for Supramolecular Hydrogel-Cell Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17539-17558. [PMID: 38888174 PMCID: PMC11229007 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels have emerged as a promising class of extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking materials in regenerative medicine. Here, we briefly describe current state-of-the-art of ECM-mimicking hydrogels, ranging from natural to hybrid to completely synthetic versions, giving the prelude to the importance of supramolecular interactions to make true ECM mimics. The potential of supramolecular interactions to create ECM mimics for cell culture is illustrated through a focus on two different supramolecular hydrogel systems, both developed in our laboratories. We use some recent, significant findings to present important design principles underlying the cell-material interaction. To achieve cell spreading, we propose that slow molecular dynamics (monomer exchange within fibers) is crucial to ensure the robust incorporation of cell adhesion ligands within supramolecular fibers. Slow bulk dynamics (stress-relaxation─fiber rearrangements, τ1/2 ≈ 1000 s) is required to achieve cell spreading in soft gels (<1 kPa), while gel stiffness overrules dynamics in stiffer gels. Importantly, this resonates with the findings of others which specialize in different material types: cell spreading is impaired in case substrate relaxation occurs faster than clutch binding and focal adhesion lifetime. We conclude with discussing considerations and limitations of the supramolecular approach as well as provide a forward thinking perspective to further understand supramolecular hydrogel-cell interactions. Future work may utilize the presented guidelines underlying cell-material interactions to not only arrive at the next generation of ECM-mimicking hydrogels but also advance other fields, such as bioelectronics, opening up new opportunities for innovative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rijns
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew B. Baker
- Department
of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology
Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht
University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y. W. Dankers
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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3
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Li S, Yang J. Double-crosslinked self-healing hydrogel alleviates osteoarthritis by protecting from wearing and targeting NF-kB signaling. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38860745 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2360759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease that causes pain, morbidity, and disability. The main strategy for OA treatment focuses on inflammation suppression, inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, and protection of articular cartilage. These functions cannot be performed effectively by monotherapy. Therefore, an effective drug delivery system is required, capable of containing and controlling the efflux of various drugs to alleviate osteoclastogenesis, protect cartilage and subchondral bone, and suppress inflammation. In this work, an encapsulation system is constructed using a self-healing chitosan hydrogel and allocated compound drugs. The self-healing gel is composed of branched-functionalized chitosan, created by simultaneously using polycaprolactone polyethylene glycol azide as a block polymer and the host-guest assembly of β-cyclodextrin and adamantane. Inhibitors of the NFkB pathway are loaded into the cavities of β-cyclodextrin and the spring-like structure of the block polymer, which can be rapidly released upon joint friction (due to the reassembly of β-cyclodextrin and adamantane by shear stress and the stretch of the block polymer). In vitro experiments using BMMs and the ATDC5 cell line confirm that the developed hydrogel can simultaneously suppress osteoclastogenesis and induce chondrogenesis. Additionally, a model of knee arthritis in C57 mice was used to confirm that this double-crosslinked encapsulation system can lubricate the knee joint surface and provide adequate protection on demand through shear-responsive drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyun Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration, Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration, Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Wang X, Zeng Y, Yuan Z, Chen F, Lo WK, Yuan Y, Li T, Yan X, Wang S. Forced capillary wetting of viscoelastic fluids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 662:555-562. [PMID: 38367573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Achieving rapid capillary wetting is highly desirable in nature and industries. Previous endeavors have primarily concentrated on passive wetting strategies through surface engineering. However, these approaches are inadequate for high-viscosity fluids due to the significant viscous resistance, especially for non-Newtonian fluids. In contrast, forced wetting emerges as a promising method to address the challenges associated with achieving rapid wetting of non-Newtonian fluids in capillaries. EXPERIMENTS To investigate the forced wetting behavior of viscoelastic fluids in capillaries, we employ Xanthan Gum (XG) aqueous solutions as target fluids with the storage modulus significantly exceeding the loss modulus. We utilize smooth glass capillaries connected to a syringe pump to achieve high moving speeds of up to 1 m/s. FINDINGS Our experiments reveal a significant distinction in the power-law exponent that governs the scaling relationship between the dynamic contact angle and velocity for viscoelastic fluids compared to Newtonian fluids. This exponent is considerably smaller and varies based on the concentration of viscoelastic fluids and the diameter of the capillaries. We suggest that the viscosity dominates the wetting dynamics of viscoelastic fluids, manifested by the contact line morphology-dependent behavior. This insight has significant implications for microfluidics and drug injectability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Nature-Inspired Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yijun Zeng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenyue Yuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feipeng Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Kin Lo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Nature-Inspired Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongjiu Yuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Nature-Inspired Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Nature-Inspired Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Steven Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Nature-Inspired Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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5
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Deo KA, Murali A, Tronolone JJ, Mandrona C, Lee HP, Rajput S, Hargett SE, Selahi A, Sun Y, Alge DL, Jain A, Gaharwar AK. Granular Biphasic Colloidal Hydrogels for 3D Bioprinting. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303810. [PMID: 38749006 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Granular hydrogels composed of hydrogel microparticles are promising candidates for 3D bioprinting due to their ability to protect encapsulated cells. However, to achieve high print fidelity, hydrogel microparticles need to jam to exhibit shear-thinning characteristics, which is crucial for 3D printing. Unfortunately, this overpacking can significantly impact cell viability, thereby negating the primary advantage of using hydrogel microparticles to shield cells from shear forces. To overcome this challenge, a novel solution: a biphasic, granular colloidal bioink designed to optimize cell viability and printing fidelity is introduced. The biphasic ink consists of cell-laden polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel microparticles embedded in a continuous gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-nanosilicate colloidal network. Here, it is demonstrated that this biphasic bioink offers outstanding rheological properties, print fidelity, and structural stability. Furthermore, its utility for engineering complex tissues with multiple cell types and heterogeneous microenvironments is demonstrated, by incorporating β-islet cells into the PEG microparticles and endothelial cells in the GelMA-nanosilicate colloidal network. Using this approach, it is possible to induce cell patterning, enhance vascularization, and direct cellular function. The proposed biphasic bioink holds significant potential for numerous emerging biomedical applications, including tissue engineering and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaivalya A Deo
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Aparna Murali
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - James J Tronolone
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Cole Mandrona
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Hung Pang Lee
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Satyam Rajput
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Sarah E Hargett
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Amirali Selahi
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Nutrition, College of Agriculture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Daniel L Alge
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
- Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Akhilesh K Gaharwar
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics & Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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6
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Ryoo H, Giovanni R, Kimmel H, Jain I, Underhill GH. Combinatorial Microgels for 3D ECM Screening and Heterogeneous Microenvironmental Culture of Primary Human Hepatic Stellate Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303128. [PMID: 38348560 PMCID: PMC11022709 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease affects 30% of the United States population and its progression can lead to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and increased risks for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NASH is characterized by a highly heterogeneous liver microenvironment created by the fibrotic activity of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). While HSCs have been widely studied in 2D, further advancements in physiologically relevant 3D culture platforms for the in vitro modeling of these heterogeneous environments are needed. In this study, the use of stiffness-variable, extracellular matrix (ECM) protein-conjugated polyethylene glycol microgels as 3D cell culture scaffolds to modulate HSC activation is demonstrated. These microgels as a high throughput ECM screening system to identify HSC matrix remodeling and metabolic activities in distinct heterogeneous microenvironmental conditions are further employed. The 6 kPa fibronectin microgels are shown to significantly increase HSC matrix remodeling and metabolic activities in single or multiple-component microenvironments. Overall, heterogeneous microenvironments consisting of multiple distinct ECM microgels promoted a decrease in HSC matrix remodeling and metabolic activities compared to homogeneous microenvironments. The study envisions this ECM screening platform being adapted to a broad number of cell types to aid the identification of ECM microenvironments that best recapitulate the desired phenotype, differentiation, or drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ryoo
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Regina Giovanni
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Hannah Kimmel
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Ishita Jain
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Gregory H. Underhill
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
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7
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Carvalho BG, Nakayama A, Miwa H, Han SW, de la Torre LG, Di Carlo D, Lee J, Kim HJ, Khademhosseini A, de Barros NR. Gelatin methacryloyl granular scaffolds for localized mRNA delivery. AGGREGATE (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2024; 5:e464. [PMID: 38800607 PMCID: PMC11126212 DOI: 10.1002/agt2.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
mRNA therapy is the intracellular delivery of messenger RNA (mRNA) to produce desired therapeutic proteins. Developing strategies for local mRNA delivery is still required where direct intra-articular injections are inappropriate for targeting a specific tissue. The mRNA delivery efficiency depends on protecting nucleic acids against nuclease-mediated degradation and safe site-specific intracellular delivery. Herein, we report novel mRNA-releasing matrices based on RGD-moiety-rich gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) microporous annealed particle (MAP) scaffolds. GelMA concentration in aerogel-based microgels (μgels) produced through a microfluidic process, MAP stiffnesses, and microporosity are crucial parameters for cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation. After being loaded with mRNA complexes, MAP scaffolds composed of 10 % GelMA μgels display excellent cell viability with increasing cell infiltration, adhesion, proliferation, and gene transfer. The intracellular delivery is achieved by the sustained release of mRNA complexes from MAP scaffolds and cell adhesion on mRNA-releasing scaffolds. These findings highlight that hybrid systems can achieve efficient protein expression by delivering mRNA complexes, making them promising mRNA-releasing biomaterials for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Gregatti Carvalho
- Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Brazil; Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 90064, USA
| | - Aya Nakayama
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 90064, USA
| | - Hiromi Miwa
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), 90095, USA
| | - Sang Won Han
- Center for Cell Therapy and Molecular, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 04044-010, Brazil
| | - Lucimara Gaziola de la Torre
- Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), 90095, USA
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 37673, Republic of Korea; Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 90064, USA; College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 30019, Republic of Korea; Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India
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8
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Baur E, Tiberghien B, Amstad E. 3D Printing of Double Network Granular Elastomers with Locally Varying Mechanical Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2313189. [PMID: 38530246 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Fast advances in the design of soft actuators and robots demand for new soft materials whose mechanical properties can be changed over short length scales. Elastomers can be formulated as highly stretchable or rather stiff materials and hence, are attractive for these applications. They are most frequently cast such that their composition cannot be changed over short length scales. A method that allows to locally change the composition of elastomers on hundreds of micrometer lengths scales is direct ink writing (DIW). Unfortunately, in the absence of rheomodifiers, most elastomer precursors cannot be printed through DIW. Here, 3D printable double network granular elastomers (DNGEs) whose ultimate tensile strain and stiffness can be varied over an unprecedented range are introduced. The 3D printability of these materials is leveraged to produce an elastomer finger containing rigid bones that are surrounded by a soft skin. Similarly, the rheological properties of the microparticle-based precursors are leveraged to cast elastomer slabs with locally varying stiffnesses that deform and twist in a predefined fashion. These DNGEs are foreseen to open up new avenues in the design of the next generation of smart wearables, strain sensors, prosthesis, soft actuators, and robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Baur
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- National Center of Competence in Research Bio-Inspired Materials, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Tiberghien
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Esther Amstad
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- National Center of Competence in Research Bio-Inspired Materials, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
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9
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D’Elia A, Jones OL, Canziani G, Sarkar B, Chaiken I, Rodell CB. Injectable Granular Hydrogels Enable Avidity-Controlled Biotherapeutic Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1577-1588. [PMID: 38357739 PMCID: PMC10934254 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics represent a rapidly growing class of pharmaceutical agents that hold great promise for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer and autoimmune dysfunction. Conventional systemic delivery approaches, however, result in off-target drug exposure and a short therapeutic half-life, highlighting the need for more localized and controlled delivery. We have developed an affinity-based protein delivery system that uses guest-host complexation between β-cyclodextrin (CD, host) and adamantane (Ad, guest) to enable sustained localized biomolecule presentation. Hydrogels were formed by the copolymerization of methacrylated CD and methacrylated dextran. Extrusion fragmentation of bulk hydrogels yielded shear-thinning and self-healing granular hydrogels (particle diameter = 32.4 ± 16.4 μm) suitable for minimally invasive delivery and with a high host capacity for the retention of guest-modified proteins. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was controllably conjugated to Ad via EDC chemistry without affecting the affinity of the Ad moiety for CD (KD = 12.0 ± 1.81 μM; isothermal titration calorimetry). The avidity of Ad-BSA conjugates was directly tunable through the number of guest groups attached, resulting in a fourfold increase in the complex half-life (t1/2 = 5.07 ± 1.23 h, surface plasmon resonance) that enabled a fivefold reduction in protein release at 28 days. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the conjugation of Ad to immunomodulatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and IFNγ) did not detrimentally affect cytokine bioactivity and enabled their sustained release. Our strategy of avidity-controlled delivery of protein-based therapeutics is a promising approach for the sustained local presentation of protein therapeutics and can be applied to numerous biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle
M. D’Elia
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Olivia L. Jones
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Gabriela Canziani
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel
University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Biplab Sarkar
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Irwin Chaiken
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel
University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Christopher B. Rodell
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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10
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Richbourg NR, Irakoze N, Kim H, Peyton SR. Outlook and opportunities for engineered environments of breast cancer dormancy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl0165. [PMID: 38457510 PMCID: PMC10923521 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Dormant, disseminated breast cancer cells resist treatment and may relapse into malignant metastases after decades of quiescence. Identifying how and why these dormant breast cancer cells are triggered into outgrowth is a key unsolved step in treating latent, metastatic breast cancer. However, our understanding of breast cancer dormancy in vivo is limited by technical challenges and ethical concerns with triggering the activation of dormant breast cancer. In vitro models avoid many of these challenges by simulating breast cancer dormancy and activation in well-controlled, bench-top conditions, creating opportunities for fundamental insights into breast cancer biology that complement what can be achieved through animal and clinical studies. In this review, we address clinical and preclinical approaches to treating breast cancer dormancy, how precisely controlled artificial environments reveal key interactions that regulate breast cancer dormancy, and how future generations of biomaterials could answer further questions about breast cancer dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Richbourg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ninette Irakoze
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Hyuna Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Shelly R. Peyton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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11
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Tuftee C, Alsberg E, Ozbolat IT, Rizwan M. Emerging granular hydrogel bioinks to improve biological function in bioprinted constructs. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:339-352. [PMID: 37852853 PMCID: PMC10939978 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in 3D bioprinting have been hindered by the trade-off between printability and biological functionality. Existing bioinks struggle to meet both requirements simultaneously. However, new types of bioinks composed of densely packed microgels promise to address this challenge. These bioinks possess intrinsic porosity, allowing for cell growth, oxygen and nutrient transport, and better immunomodulatory properties, leading to superior biological functions. In this review, we highlight key trends in the development of these granular bioinks. Using examples, we demonstrate how granular bioinks overcome the trade-off between printability and cell function. Granular bioinks show promise in 3D bioprinting, yet understanding their unique structure-property-function relationships is crucial to fully leverage the transformative capabilities of these new types of bioinks in bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Tuftee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center (JBVAMC), Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center (JBVAMC) at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ibrahim Tarik Ozbolat
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Neurosurgery Department, Penn State University; Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Medical Oncology Department, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
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12
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Sommerfeld IK, Malyaran H, Neuss S, Demco DE, Pich A. Multiresponsive Core-Shell Microgels Functionalized by Nitrilotriacetic Acid. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:903-923. [PMID: 38170471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive microgels with ionizable functional groups offer versatile applications, e.g., by the uptake of oppositely charged metal ions or guest molecules such as drugs, dyes, or proteins. Furthermore, the incorporation of carboxylic groups enhances mucoadhesive properties, crucial for various drug delivery applications. In this work, we successfully synthesized poly{N-vinylcaprolactam-2,2'-[(5-acrylamido-1-carboxypentyl)azanediyl]diacetic acid} [p(VCL/NTAaa)] microgels containing varying amounts of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) using precipitation polymerization. We performed fundamental characterization by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering. Despite their potential multiresponsiveness, prior studies on NTA-functionalized microgels lack in-depth analysis of their stimuli-responsive behavior. This work addresses this gap by assessing the microgel responsiveness to temperature, ionic strength, and pH. Morphological investigations were performed via NMR relaxometry, nanoscale imaging (AFM and SEM), and reaction calorimetry. Finally, we explored the potential application of the microgels by conducting cytocompatibility experiments and demonstrating the immobilization of the model protein cytochrome c in the microgels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel K Sommerfeld
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI─Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hanna Malyaran
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, BioInterface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Neuss
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, BioInterface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dan E Demco
- DWI─Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI─Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
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13
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Tanner GI, Schiltz L, Narra N, Figueiredo ML, Qazi TH. Granular Hydrogels Improve Myogenic Invasion and Repair after Volumetric Muscle Loss. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303576. [PMID: 38329892 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injuries including volumetric muscle loss (VML) lead to excessive tissue scarring and permanent functional disability. Despite its high prevalence, there is currently no effective treatment for VML. Bioengineering interventions such as biomaterials that fill the VML defect to support cell and tissue growth are a promising therapeutic strategy. However, traditional biomaterials developed for this purpose lack the pore features needed to support cell infiltration. The present study investigates for the first time, the impact of granular hydrogels on muscle repair - hypothesizing that their flowability will permit conformable filling of the defect site and their inherent porosity will support the invasion of native myogenic cells, leading to effective muscle repair. Small and large microparticle fragments are prepared from photocurable hyaluronic acid polymer via extrusion fragmentation and facile size sorting. In assembled granular hydrogels, particle size and degree of packing significantly influence pore features, rheological behavior, and injectability. Using a mouse model of VML, it is demonstrated that, in contrast to bulk hydrogels, granular hydrogels support early-stage (satellite cell invasion) and late-stage (myofiber regeneration) muscle repair processes. Together, these results highlight the promising potential of injectable and porous granular hydrogels in supporting endogenous repair after severe muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle I Tanner
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Leia Schiltz
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Niharika Narra
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Marxa L Figueiredo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Taimoor H Qazi
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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14
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Klar RM, Cox J, Raja N, Lohfeld S. The 3D-McMap Guidelines: Three-Dimensional Multicomposite Microsphere Adaptive Printing. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:94. [PMID: 38392141 PMCID: PMC10886723 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Microspheres, synthesized from diverse natural or synthetic polymers, are readily utilized in biomedical tissue engineering to improve the healing of various tissues. Their ability to encapsulate growth factors, therapeutics, and natural biomolecules, which can aid tissue regeneration, makes microspheres invaluable for future clinical therapies. While microsphere-supplemented scaffolds have been investigated, a pure microsphere scaffold with an optimized architecture has been challenging to create via 3D printing methods due to issues that prevent consistent deposition of microsphere-based materials and their ability to maintain the shape of the 3D-printed structure. Utilizing the extrusion printing process, we established a methodology that not only allows the creation of large microsphere scaffolds but also multicomposite matrices into which cells, growth factors, and therapeutics encapsulated in microspheres can be directly deposited during the printing process. Our 3D-McMap method provides some critical guidelines for issues with scaffold shape fidelity during and after printing. Carefully timed breaks, minuscule drying steps, and adjustments to extrusion parameters generated an evenly layered large microsphere scaffold that retained its internal architecture. Such scaffolds are superior to other microsphere-containing scaffolds, as they can release biomolecules in a highly controlled spatiotemporal manner. This capability permits us to study cell responses to the delivered signals to develop scaffolds that precisely modulate new tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland M Klar
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - James Cox
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Naren Raja
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Stefan Lohfeld
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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15
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An C, Zhang S, Xu J, Zhang Y, Dou Z, Shao F, Long C, yang J, Wang H, Liu J. The microparticulate inks for bioprinting applications. Mater Today Bio 2024; 24:100930. [PMID: 38293631 PMCID: PMC10825055 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a groundbreaking technology for fabricating intricate and functional tissue constructs. Central to this technology are the bioinks, which provide structural support and mimic the extracellular environment, which is crucial for cellular executive function. This review summarizes the latest developments in microparticulate inks for 3D bioprinting and presents their inherent challenges. We categorize micro-particulate materials, including polymeric microparticles, tissue-derived microparticles, and bioactive inorganic microparticles, and introduce the microparticle ink formulations, including granular microparticles inks consisting of densely packed microparticles and composite microparticle inks comprising microparticles and interstitial matrix. The formulations of these microparticle inks are also delved into highlighting their capabilities as modular entities in 3D bioprinting. Finally, existing challenges and prospective research trajectories for advancing the design of microparticle inks for bioprinting are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng An
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shiying Zhang
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jiqing Xu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhenzhen Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Fei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Canling Long
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Jianhua yang
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Huanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, China
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16
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Ataie Z, Horchler S, Jaberi A, Koduru SV, El-Mallah JC, Sun M, Kheirabadi S, Kedzierski A, Risbud A, Silva ARAE, Ravnic DJ, Sheikhi A. Accelerating Patterned Vascularization Using Granular Hydrogel Scaffolds and Surgical Micropuncture. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307928. [PMID: 37824280 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Bulk hydrogel scaffolds are common in reconstructive surgery. They allow for the staged repair of soft tissue loss by providing a base for revascularization. Unfortunately, they are limited by both slow and random vascularization, which may manifest as treatment failure or suboptimal repair. Rapidly inducing patterned vascularization within biomaterials has profound translational implications for current clinical treatment paradigms and the scaleup of regenerative engineering platforms. To address this long-standing challenge, a novel microsurgical approach and granular hydrogel scaffold (GHS) technology are co-developed to hasten and pattern microvascular network formation. In surgical micropuncture (MP), targeted recipient blood vessels are perforated using a microneedle to accelerate cell extravasation and angiogenic outgrowth. By combining MP with an adjacent GHS with precisely tailored void space architecture, microvascular pattern formation as assessed by density, diameter, length, and intercapillary distance is rapidly guided. This work opens new translational opportunities for microvascular engineering, advancing reconstructive surgery, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaman Ataie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Summer Horchler
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Arian Jaberi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Srinivas V Koduru
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Jessica C El-Mallah
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Mingjie Sun
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Sina Kheirabadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Alexander Kedzierski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Aneesh Risbud
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | | | - Dino J Ravnic
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Amir Sheikhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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17
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Surman F, Asadikorayem M, Weber P, Weber D, Zenobi-Wong M. Ionically annealed zwitterionic microgels for bioprinting of cartilaginous constructs. Biofabrication 2024; 16:025004. [PMID: 38176081 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad1b1f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Foreign body response (FBR) is a pervasive problem for biomaterials used in tissue engineering. Zwitterionic hydrogels have emerged as an effective solution to this problem, due to their ultra-low fouling properties, which enable them to effectively inhibit FBRin vivo. However, no versatile zwitterionic bioink that allows for high resolution extrusion bioprinting of tissue implants has thus far been reported. In this work, we introduce a simple, novel method for producing zwitterionic microgel bioink, using alginate methacrylate (AlgMA) as crosslinker and mechanical fragmentation as a microgel fabrication method. Photocrosslinked hydrogels made of zwitterionic carboxybetaine acrylamide (CBAA) and sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) are mechanically fragmented through meshes with aperture diameters of 50 and 90µm to produce microgel bioink. The bioinks made with both microgel sizes showed excellent rheological properties and were used for high-resolution printing of objects with overhanging features without requiring a support structure or support bath. The AlgMA crosslinker has a dual role, allowing for both primary photocrosslinking of the bulk hydrogel as well as secondary ionic crosslinking of produced microgels, to quickly stabilize the printed construct in a calcium bath and to produce a microporous scaffold. Scaffolds showed ∼20% porosity, and they supported viability and chondrogenesis of encapsulated human primary chondrocytes. Finally, a meniscus model was bioprinted, to demonstrate the bioink's versatility at printing large, cell-laden constructs which are stable for furtherin vitroculture to promote cartilaginous tissue production. This easy and scalable strategy of producing zwitterionic microgel bioink for high resolution extrusion bioprinting allows for direct cell encapsulation in a microporous scaffold and has potential forin vivobiocompatibility due to the zwitterionic nature of the bioink.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Surman
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maryam Asadikorayem
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Weber
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Weber
- Division of Hand Surgery, University Children's Hospital, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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18
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Widener AE, Roberts A, Phelps EA. Granular Hydrogels for Harnessing the Immune Response. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2303005. [PMID: 38145369 PMCID: PMC11196388 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to understand the current progress in immune-instructive granular hydrogels and identify the key features used as immunomodulatory strategies. Published work is systematically reviewed and relevant information about granular hydrogels used throughout these studies is collected. The base polymer, microgel generation technique, polymer crosslinking chemistry, particle size and shape, annealing strategy, granular hydrogel stiffness, pore size and void space, degradability, biomolecule presentation, and drug release are cataloged for each work. Several granular hydrogel parameters used for immune modulation: porosity, architecture, bioactivity, drug release, cell delivery, and modularity, are identified. The authors found in this review that porosity is the most significant factor influencing the innate immune response to granular hydrogels, while incorporated bioactivity is more significant in influencing adaptive immune responses. Here, the authors' findings and summarized results from each section are presented and suggestions are made for future studies to better understand the benefits of using immune-instructive granular hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne E Widener
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr., Gainesville, 32611, USA
| | - Abilene Roberts
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr., Gainesville, 32611, USA
| | - Edward A Phelps
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr., Gainesville, 32611, USA
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19
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Muir VG, Fainor M, Orozco BS, Hilliard RL, Boyes M, Smith HE, Mauck RL, Schaer TP, Burdick JA, Gullbrand SE. Injectable Radiopaque Hyaluronic Acid Granular Hydrogels for Intervertebral Disc Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2303326. [PMID: 38142300 PMCID: PMC11193841 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels offer minimally-invasive treatment options for degenerative disc disease, a prevalent condition affecting millions annually. Many hydrogels explored for intervertebral disc (IVD) repair suffer from weak mechanical integrity, migration issues, and expulsion. To overcome these limitations, an injectable and radiopaque hyaluronic acid granular hydrogel is developed. The granular structure provides easy injectability and low extrusion forces, while the radiopacity enables direct visualization during injection into the disc and non-invasive monitoring after injection. The radiopaque granular hydrogel is injected into rabbit disc explants to investigate restoration of healthy disc mechanics following needle puncture injury ex vivo and then delivered in a minimally-invasive manner into the intradiscal space in a clinically-relevant in vivo large animal goat model of IVD degeneration initiated through degradation by chondroitinase. The radiopaque granular hydrogel successfully halted loss of disc height due to degeneration. Further, the hydrogel not only enhanced proteoglycan content and reduced collagen content in the nucleus pulposus (NP) region compared to degenerative discs, but also helped to maintain the structural integrity of the disc and promote healthy segregation of the NP and annulus fibrosus regions. Overall, this study demonstrates the great potential of an injectable radiopaque granular hydrogel for treatment of degenerative disc disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G Muir
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Matthew Fainor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brianna S Orozco
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rachel L Hilliard
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Madeline Boyes
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Harvey E Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert L Mauck
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Thomas P Schaer
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Sarah E Gullbrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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20
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Brunel LG, Christakopoulos F, Kilian D, Cai B, Hull SM, Myung D, Heilshorn SC. Embedded 3D Bioprinting of Collagen Inks into Microgel Baths to Control Hydrogel Microstructure and Cell Spreading. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2303325. [PMID: 38134346 PMCID: PMC11192865 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Microextrusion-based 3D bioprinting into support baths has emerged as a promising technique to pattern soft biomaterials into complex, macroscopic structures. It is hypothesized that interactions between inks and support baths, which are often composed of granular microgels, can be modulated to control the microscopic structure within these macroscopic-printed constructs. Using printed collagen bioinks crosslinked either through physical self-assembly or bioorthogonal covalent chemistry, it is demonstrated that microscopic porosity is introduced into collagen inks printed into microgel support baths but not bulk gel support baths. The overall porosity is governed by the ratio between the ink's shear viscosity and the microgel support bath's zero-shear viscosity. By adjusting the flow rate during extrusion, the ink's shear viscosity is modulated, thus controlling the extent of microscopic porosity independent of the ink composition. For covalently crosslinked collagen, printing into support baths comprised of gelatin microgels (15-50 µm) results in large pores (≈40 µm) that allow human corneal mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to readily spread, while control samples of cast collagen or collagen printed in non-granular support baths do not allow cell spreading. Taken together, these data demonstrate a new method to impart controlled microscale porosity into 3D printed hydrogels using granular microgel support baths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia G. Brunel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fotis Christakopoulos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Kilian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Betty Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M. Hull
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Myung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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21
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Wasnik K, Gupta PS, Mukherjee S, Oviya A, Prakash R, Pareek D, Patra S, Maity S, Rai V, Singh M, Singh G, Yadav DD, Das S, Maiti P, Paik P. Poly( N-acryloylglycine-acrylamide) Hydrogel Mimics the Cellular Microenvironment and Promotes Neurite Growth with Protection from Oxidative Stress. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5644-5661. [PMID: 37993284 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the glycine-based acryloyl monomer is polymerized to obtain a neurogenic polymeric hydrogel for regenerative applications. The synthesized poly(N-acryloylglycine-acrylamide) [poly(NAG-b-A)] nanohydrogel exhibits high swelling (∼1500%) and is mechanically very stable, biocompatible, and proliferative in nature. The poly(NAG-b-A) nanohydrogel provides a stable 3D extracellular mimetic environment and promotes healthy neurite growth for primary cortical neurons by facilitating cellular adhesion, proliferation, actin filament stabilization, and neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, the protective role of the poly(NAG-b-A) hydrogel for the neurons in oxidative stress conditions is revealed and it is found that it is a clinically relevant material for neuronal regenerative applications, such as for promoting nerve regeneration via GSK3β inhibition. This hydrogel additionally plays an important role in modulating the biological microenvironment, either as an agonist and antagonist or as an antioxidant. Furthermore, it favors the physiological responses and eases the neurite growth efficiency. Additionally, we found out that the conversion of glycine-based acryloyl monomers into their corresponding polymer modulates the mechanical performance, mimics the cellular microenvironment, and accelerates the self-healing capability due to the responsive behavior towards reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, the p(NAG-b-A) hydrogel could be a potential candidate to induce neuronal regeneration since it provides a physical cue and significantly boosts neurite outgrowth and also maintains the microtubule integrity in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Wasnik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Prem Shankar Gupta
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Alagu Oviya
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Ravi Prakash
- School of Material Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Divya Pareek
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Sukanya Patra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Somedutta Maity
- School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500 046, India
| | - Vipin Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Monika Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Gurmeet Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Desh Deepak Yadav
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Santanu Das
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School of Material Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Pradip Paik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
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22
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Liu Y, Suarez-Arnedo A, Caston EL, Riley L, Schneider M, Segura T. Exploring the Role of Spatial Confinement in Immune Cell Recruitment and Regeneration of Skin Wounds. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304049. [PMID: 37721722 PMCID: PMC10874253 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Microporous annealed particle (MAP) scaffolds are injectable granular materials comprised of micron sized hydrogel particles (microgels). The diameter of these microgels directly determines the size of the interconnected void space between particles where infiltrating or encapsulated cells reside. This tunable porosity allows the authors to use MAP scaffolds to study the impact of spatial confinement (SC) on both cellular behaviors and the host response to biomaterials. Despite previous studies showing that pore size and SC influence cellular phenotypes, including mitigating macrophage inflammatory response, there is still a gap in knowledge regarding how SC within a biomaterial modulates immune cell recruitment in vivo in wounds and implants. Thus, the immune cell profile within confined and unconfined biomaterials is studied using small (40 µm), medium (70 µm), and large (130 µm) diameter spherical microgels, respectively. This work uncovered that MAP scaffolds impart regenerative wound healing with an IgG1-biased Th2 response. MAP scaffolds made with large microgels promote a balanced pro-regenerative macrophage response, resulting in enhanced wound healing with mature collagen regeneration and reduced inflammation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive Campus Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Alejandra Suarez-Arnedo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive Campus Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Eleanor L.P. Caston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive Campus Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Lindsay Riley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive Campus Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Michelle Schneider
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive Campus Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Clinical Science Departments of Neurology and Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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23
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Li S, Niu D, Fang H, Chen Y, Li J, Zhang K, Yin J, Fu P. Tissue adhesive, ROS scavenging and injectable PRP-based 'plasticine' for promoting cartilage repair. Regen Biomater 2023; 11:rbad104. [PMID: 38235061 PMCID: PMC10793072 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) that has various growth factors has been used clinically in cartilage repair. However, the short residence time and release time at the injury site limit its therapeutic effect. The present study fabricated a granular hydrogel that was assembled from gelatin microspheres and tannic acid through their abundant hydrogen bonding. Gelatin microspheres with the gelatin concentration of 10 wt% and the diameter distribution of 1-10 μm were used to assemble by tannic acid to form the granular hydrogel, which exhibited elasticity under low shear strain, but flowability under higher shear strain. The viscosity decreased with the increase in shear rate. Meanwhile, the granular hydrogel exhibited self-healing feature during rheology test. Thus, granular hydrogel carrying PRP not only exhibited well-performed injectability but also performed like a 'plasticine' that possessed good plasticity. The granular hydrogel showed tissue adhesion ability and reactive oxygen species scavenging ability. Granular hydrogel carrying PRP transplanted to full-thickness articular cartilage defects could integrate well with native cartilage, resulting in newly formed cartilage articular fully filled in defects and well-integrated with the native cartilage and subchondral bone. The unique features of the present granular hydrogel, including injectability, plasticity, porous structure, tissue adhesion and reactive oxygen species scavenging provided an ideal PRP carrier toward cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Niu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Haowei Fang
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yancheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Jinyan Li
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Kunxi Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Jingbo Yin
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Peiliang Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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24
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Seymour AJ, Kilian D, Navarro RS, Hull SM, Heilshorn SC. 3D printing microporous scaffolds from modular bioinks containing sacrificial, cell-encapsulating microgels. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7598-7615. [PMID: 37824082 PMCID: PMC10842430 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00721a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Microgel-based biomaterials have inherent porosity and are often extrudable, making them well-suited for 3D bioprinting applications. Cells are commonly introduced into these granular inks post-printing using cell infiltration. However, due to slow cell migration speeds, this strategy struggles to achieve depth-independent cell distributions within thick 3D printed geometries. To address this, we leverage granular ink modularity by combining two microgels with distinct functions: (1) structural, UV-crosslinkable microgels made from gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and (2) sacrificial, cell-laden microgels made from oxidized alginate (AlgOx). We hypothesize that encapsulating cells within sacrificial AlgOx microgels would enable the simultaneous introduction of void space and release of cells at depths unachievable through cell infiltration alone. Blending the microgels in different ratios produces a family of highly printable GelMA : AlgOx microgel inks with void fractions ranging from 0.03 to 0.35. As expected, void fraction influences the morphology of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) within GelMA : AlgOx inks. Crucially, void fraction does not alter the ideal HUVEC distribution seen throughout the depth of 3D printed samples. This work presents a strategy for fabricating constructs with tunable porosity and depth-independent cell distribution, highlighting the promise of microgel-based inks for 3D bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J Seymour
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David Kilian
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Renato S Navarro
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Sarah M Hull
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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25
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Morley CD, Ding EA, Carvalho EM, Kumar S. A Balance between Inter- and Intra-Microgel Mechanics Governs Stem Cell Viability in Injectable Dynamic Granular Hydrogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304212. [PMID: 37653580 PMCID: PMC10841739 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels are increasingly explored for the delivery of cells to tissue. These materials exhibit both liquid-like properties, protecting cells from mechanical stress during injection, and solid-like properties, providing a stable 3D engraftment niche. Many strategies for modulating injectable hydrogels tune liquid- and solid-like material properties simultaneously, such that formulation changes designed to improve injectability can reduce stability at the delivery site. The ability to independently tune liquid- and solid-like properties would greatly facilitate formulation development. Here, such a strategy is presented in which cells are ensconced in the pores between microscopic granular hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels (microgels), where elasticity is tuned with static covalent intra-microgel crosslinks and flowability with mechanosensitive adamantane-cyclodextrin (AC) inter-microgel crosslinks. Using the same AC-free microgels as a 3D printing support bath, the location of each cell is preserved as it exits the needle, allowing identification of the mechanism driving mechanical trauma-induced cell death. The microgel AC concentration is varied to find the threshold from microgel yielding- to AC interaction-dominated injectability, and this threshold is exploited to fabricate a microgel with better injection-protecting performance. This delivery strategy, and the balance between intra- and inter-microgel properties it reveals, may facilitate the development of new cell injection formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron D Morley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Erika A Ding
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Emily M Carvalho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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26
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Wang Z, Xu Z, Yang X, Li M, Yip RCS, Li Y, Chen H. Current application and modification strategy of marine polysaccharides in tissue regeneration: A review. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213580. [PMID: 37634336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Marine polysaccharides (MPs) are exceptional bioactive materials that possess unique biochemical mechanisms and pharmacological stability, making them ideal for various tissue engineering applications. Certain MPs, including agarose, alginate, carrageenan, chitosan, and glucan have been successfully employed as biological scaffolds in animal studies. As carriers of signaling molecules, scaffolds can enhance the adhesion, growth, and differentiation of somatic cells, thereby significantly improving the tissue regeneration process. However, the biological benefits of pure MPs composite scaffold are limited. Therefore, physical, chemical, enzyme modification and other methods are employed to expand its efficacy. Chemically, the structural properties of MPs scaffolds can be altered through modifications to functional groups or molecular weight reduction, thereby enhancing their biological activities. Physically, MPs hydrogels and sponges emulate the natural extracellular matrix, creating a more conducive environment for tissue repair. The porosity and high permeability of MPs membranes and nanomaterials expedite wound healing. This review explores the distinctive properties and applications of select MPs in tissue regeneration, highlighting their structural versatility and biological applicability. Additionally, we provide a brief overview of common modification strategies employed for MP scaffolds. In conclusion, MPs have significant potential and are expected to be a novel regenerative material for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokun Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Xuan Yang
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Man Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Ryan Chak Sang Yip
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Hao Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China; The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, NO. 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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27
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Liu Y, Suarez-Arnedo A, Riley L, Miley T, Xia J, Segura T. Spatial Confinement Modulates Macrophage Response in Microporous Annealed Particle (MAP) Scaffolds. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300823. [PMID: 37165945 PMCID: PMC10592513 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are essential in the initiation, maintenance, and transition of inflammatory processes such as foreign body response and wound healing. Mounting evidence suggests that physical factors also modulate macrophage activation. 2D in vitro systems demonstrate that constraining macrophages to small areas or channels modulates their phenotypes and changes their responses to known inflammatory agents such as lipopolysaccharide. However, how dimensionality and pore size affect macrophage phenotype is less explored. In this work, the change in macrophage M1/M2 polarization when confined in microporous annealed particle (MAP) scaffolds is studied. Particles sizes (40, 70, and 130 µm) are selected using outputs from software LOVAMAP that analyzes the characteristics of 3D pores in MAP gels. As the size of building block particle correlates with pore size inside the scaffolds, the three types of scaffold allow us to study how the degree of spatial confinement modulates the behavior of embedded macrophages. Spatially confining macrophages in scaffolds with pore size on the scale of cells leads to a reduced level of the inflammatory response, which is correlated with a change in cell morphology and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University
| | | | - Lindsay Riley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University
| | - Tasman Miley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University
| | - Jingyi Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University
- Clinical Science Departments of Neurology and Dermatology, Duke University
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28
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Xia W, Wang Q, Liu M, Lu S, Yu H, Yin H, You M, Chen Q, Wang B, Lin F. Antifouling and Injectable Granular Hydrogel for the Prevention of Postoperative Intrauterine Adhesion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44676-44688. [PMID: 37721504 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative intrauterine adhesion (IUA), caused by endometrial basal layer injury, is one of the main causes of female infertility. The excessive deposition of fibrin as well as fibroblast is considered the root cause of IUA. However, few clinical strategies are effective in preventing extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition at endometrial wounds that include protein and cell deposits. Herein, the injectable granular poly(N-(2-hydroxyethyl) acrylamide) (PHEAA) hydrogel (granular PHEAA gel), which presents excellent antifouling properties and remarkably prevents protein and cell adhesions, is used to prevent postoperative IUA. The granular PHEAA gel with a jammed network structure exhibits outstanding injectability and superior stability. Compared with the IUA group, the granular PHEAA gel can promote regeneration of the endometrium while reducing the area of endometrial fibrosis. Immunohistochemical staining experiments indicate that the granular PHEAA gel can improve the proliferation of the endometrium, promote vascularization, and enhance anti-inflammatory effect in IUA rats. And the granular PHEAA gel can effectively slow down the fibrosis of uterine tissue. Importantly, the number of embryos is significantly increased after injecting granular PHEAA gel, inferring that there is an obvious reproductive function recovery of injured endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qilin Wang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 352001, China
| | | | - Shaoping Lu
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 352001, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 352001, China
| | - Haiyan Yin
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 352001, China
| | - Min You
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 352001, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 352001, China
| | - Bujun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Pingyang People's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325499, China
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29
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Ribezzi D, Gueye M, Florczak S, Dusi F, de Vos D, Manente F, Hierholzer A, Fussenegger M, Caiazzo M, Blunk T, Malda J, Levato R. Shaping Synthetic Multicellular and Complex Multimaterial Tissues via Embedded Extrusion-Volumetric Printing of Microgels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301673. [PMID: 37269532 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In living tissues, cells express their functions following complex signals from their surrounding microenvironment. Capturing both hierarchical architectures at the micro- and macroscale, and anisotropic cell patterning remains a major challenge in bioprinting, and a bottleneck toward creating physiologically-relevant models. Addressing this limitation, a novel technique is introduced, termed Embedded Extrusion-Volumetric Printing (EmVP), converging extrusion-bioprinting and layer-less, ultra-fast volumetric bioprinting, allowing spatially pattern multiple inks/cell types. Light-responsive microgels are developed for the first time as bioresins (µResins) for light-based volumetric bioprinting, providing a microporous environment permissive for cell homing and self-organization. Tuning the mechanical and optical properties of gelatin-based microparticles enables their use as support bath for suspended extrusion printing, in which features containing high cell densities can be easily introduced. µResins can be sculpted within seconds with tomographic light projections into centimeter-scale, granular hydrogel-based, convoluted constructs. Interstitial microvoids enhanced differentiation of multiple stem/progenitor cells (vascular, mesenchymal, neural), otherwise not possible with conventional bulk hydrogels. As proof-of-concept, EmVP is applied to create complex synthetic biology-inspired intercellular communication models, where adipocyte differentiation is regulated by optogenetic-engineered pancreatic cells. Overall, EmVP offers new avenues for producing regenerative grafts with biological functionality, and for developing engineered living systems and (metabolic) disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ribezzi
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Marième Gueye
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Sammy Florczak
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Franziska Dusi
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dieuwke de Vos
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Manente
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Andreas Hierholzer
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Massimiliano Caiazzo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Torsten Blunk
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
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30
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Widener AE, Roberts A, Phelps EA. Single versus dual microgel species for forming guest-host microporous annealed particle PEG-MAL hydrogel. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1379-1389. [PMID: 37010360 PMCID: PMC10909382 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Inter-particle secondary crosslinks allow microporous annealed particle (MAP) hydrogels to be formed. Methods to introduce secondary crosslinking networks in MAP hydrogels include particle jamming, annealing with covalent bonds, and reversible noncovalent interactions. Here, we investigate the effect of two different approaches to secondary crosslinking of polyethylene glycol (PEG) microgels via reversible guest-host interactions. We generated a dual-particle MAP-PEG hydrogel using two species of PEG microgels, one functionalized with the guest molecule, adamantane, and the other with the host molecule, β-cyclodextrin (Inter-MAP-PEG). In a different approach, a mono-particle MAP-PEG hydrogel was generated using one species of microgel functionalized with both guest and host molecules (Intra-MAP-PEG). The Intra-MAP-PEG formed a homogenous distribution due to the single type of microgels used. We then compared the mechanical properties of these two types of MAP-PEG hydrogels and found that Intra-MAP-PEG resulted in significantly softer gels with lower yield stress. We investigated the effect of intra-particle guest-host interactions through titrated weight percentage and the concentration of functional groups added to the hydrogel. We found that there was an ideal concentration of guest-host molecules that enables intra- and inter-particle guest-host interactions with sufficient covalent crosslinking. Based on these studies, Intra-MAP-PEG provides a homogeneous guest-host hydrogel that is shear-thinning with reversible secondary crosslinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne E. Widener
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Abilene Roberts
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Edward A. Phelps
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Reynolds DS, de Lázaro I, Blache ML, Liu Y, Jeffreys NC, Doolittle RM, Grandidier E, Olszewski J, Dacus MT, Mooney DJ, Lewis JA. Microporogen-Structured Collagen Matrices for Embedded Bioprinting of Tumor Models for Immuno-Oncology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210748. [PMID: 37163476 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Embedded bioprinting enables the rapid design and fabrication of complex tissues that recapitulate in vivo microenvironments. However, few biological matrices enable good print fidelity, while simultaneously facilitate cell viability, proliferation, and migration. Here, a new microporogen-structured (µPOROS) matrix for embedded bioprinting is introduced, in which matrix rheology, printing behavior, and porosity are tailored by adding sacrificial microparticles composed of a gelatin-chitosan complex to a prepolymer collagen solution. To demonstrate its utility, a 3D tumor model is created via embedded printing of a murine melanoma cell ink within the µPOROS collagen matrix at 4 °C. The collagen matrix is subsequently crosslinked around the microparticles upon warming to 21 °C, followed by their melting and removal at 37 °C. This process results in a µPOROS matrix with a fibrillar collagen type-I network akin to that observed in vivo. Printed tumor cells remain viable and proliferate, while antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells incorporated in the matrix migrate to the tumor site, where they induce cell death. The integration of the µPOROS matrix with embedded bioprinting opens new avenues for creating complex tissue microenvironments in vitro that may find widespread use in drug discovery, disease modeling, and tissue engineering for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Reynolds
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Irene de Lázaro
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Manon L Blache
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Yutong Liu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Nicholas C Jeffreys
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Ramsey M Doolittle
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Estée Grandidier
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, 69007, France
| | - Jason Olszewski
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mason T Dacus
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jennifer A Lewis
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Ryoo H, Underhill GH. Combinatorial Microgels for 3D ECM Screening and Heterogeneous Microenvironmental Culture of Primary Human Hepatic Stellate Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.05.539608. [PMID: 37214995 PMCID: PMC10197534 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.05.539608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease affects 30% of the United States population and its progression can lead to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can result in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NASH is characterized by a highly heterogeneous liver microenvironment created by the fibrotic activity of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). While HSCs have been widely studied in 2D, further advancements in physiologically-relevant 3D culture platforms for the in vitro modeling of these heterogeneous environments are needed. In this study, we have demonstrated the use of stiffness-variable, ECM protein-conjugated polyethylene glycol microgels as 3D cell culture scaffolds to modulate HSC activation. We further employed these microgels as a high throughput ECM screening system to identify HSC matrix remodeling and metabolic activities in distinct heterogeneous microenvironmental conditions. In particular, 6 kPa fibronectin microgels were shown to significantly increase HSC matrix remodeling and metabolic activities in single or multiple component microenvironments. Overall, heterogeneous microenvironments consisting of multiple distinct ECM microgels promoted a decrease in HSC matrix remodeling and metabolic activities compared to homogeneous microenvironments. We envision this ECM screening platform being adapted to a broad number of cell types to aid the identification of ECM microenvironments that best recapitulate the desired phenotype, differentiation, or drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ryoo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gregory H. Underhill
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Liu Y, Suarez-Arnedo A, Caston E, Riley L, Schneider M, Segura T. Exploring the Role of Spatial Confinement in Immune Cell Recruitment and Regeneration of Skin Wounds. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.30.538879. [PMID: 37162980 PMCID: PMC10168413 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.30.538879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Microporous annealed particle (MAP) scaffolds are injectable granular materials comprised of micron sized hydrogel particles (microgels). The diameter of these microgels directly determines the size of the interconnected void space between particles where infiltrating or encapsulated cells reside. This tunable porosity allows us to use MAP scaffolds to study the impact of spatial confinement (SC) on both cellular behaviors and the host response to biomaterials. Despite previous studies showing that pore size and SC influence cellular phenotypes, including mitigating the macrophage inflammatory response, there is still a gap in knowledge regarding how SC within a biomaterial modulates immune cell recruitment in vivo in wounds and implants. Thus, we studied the immune cell profile within confined and unconfined biomaterials using small (40 μm), medium (70 μm), and large (130 μm) diameter spherical microgels, respectively. We discovered that MAP scaffolds imparted regenerative wound healing with an IgG1-biased Th2 response. MAP scaffolds generated from 130 μm diameter microgels have a median pore size that can accommodate ∼40 µm diameter spheres induced a more balanced pro-regenerative macrophage response and better wound healing outcomes with more mature collagen regeneration and reduced levels of inflammation.
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34
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Muir VG, Weintraub S, Dhand AP, Fallahi H, Han L, Burdick JA. Influence of Microgel and Interstitial Matrix Compositions on Granular Hydrogel Composite Properties. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206117. [PMID: 36717272 PMCID: PMC10074081 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Granular hydrogels are an emerging class of biomaterials formed by jamming hydrogel microparticles (i.e., microgels). These materials have many advantageous properties that can be tailored through microgel design and extent of packing. To enhance the range of properties, granular composites can be formed with a hydrogel interstitial matrix between the packed microgels, allowing for material flow and then stabilization after crosslinking. This approach allows for distinct compartments (i.e., microgels and interstitial space) with varied properties to engineer complex material behaviors. However, a thorough investigation of how the compositions and ratios of microgels and interstitial matrices influence material properties has not been performed. Herein, granular hydrogel composites are fabricated by combining fragmented hyaluronic acid (HA) microgels with interstitial matrices consisting of photocrosslinkable HA. Microgels of varying compressive moduli (10-70 kPa) are combined with interstitial matrices (0-30 vol.%) with compressive moduli varying from 2-120 kPa. Granular composite structure (confocal imaging), mechanics (local and bulk), flow behavior (rheology), and printability are thoroughly assessed. Lastly, variations in the interstitial matrix chemistry (covalent vs guest-host) and microgel degradability are investigated. Overall, this study describes the influence of granular composite composition on structure and mechanical properties of granular hydrogels towards informed designs for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G. Muir
- Department of BioengineeringSchool of Engineering and Applied SciencesUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Shoshana Weintraub
- Department of BioengineeringSchool of Engineering and Applied SciencesUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Abhishek P. Dhand
- Department of BioengineeringSchool of Engineering and Applied SciencesUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Hooman Fallahi
- School of Biomedical EngineeringScience and Health SystemsDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical EngineeringScience and Health SystemsDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of BioengineeringSchool of Engineering and Applied SciencesUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- BioFrontiers InstituteUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO80303USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringCollege of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO80303USA
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An C, Li H, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Yang J, Zhang L, Ren C, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang H. Hyaluronic acid-based multifunctional carriers for applications in regenerative medicine: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123307. [PMID: 36652984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an important type of naturally derived carbohydrate polymer with specific polysaccharide macromolecular structures and multifaceted biological functions, including biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, biodegradability, and bioactivity. Specifically, HA hydrogels in a microscopic scale have been widely used for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and medical cosmetology, considering their superior properties outperforming the more conventional monolithic hydrogels in network homogeneity, degradation profile, permeability, and injectability. Herein, we reviewed the recent progress in the preparation and applications of HA microgels in biomedical fields. We first summarized the fabrication of HA microgels by focusing on the different crosslinking/polymerization schemes for HA gelation and the miniaturized fabrication techniques for producing HA-based microparticles. We then highlighted the use of HA-based microgels for different applications in regenerative medicine, including cartilage repair, bioactive delivery, diagnostic imaging, modular tissue engineering. Finally, we discussed the challenges and future perspectives in bridging the translational gap in the utilization of HA-based microgels in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical school, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; State key laboratory of fine chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China; Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen.
| | - Hanting Li
- State key laboratory of fine chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yanqiu Zhao
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen
| | - Shiying Zhang
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- State key laboratory of fine chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- State key laboratory of fine chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Eye Hospital, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Changle Ren
- Department of Joint Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen.
| | - Huanan Wang
- State key laboratory of fine chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China.
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Zhang S, Pan Y, Mao Z, Zhang J, Zhang K, Yin J, Wang C. Hyaluronic acid- g-lipoic acid granular gel for promoting diabetic wound healing. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10402. [PMID: 36925704 PMCID: PMC10013829 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients are prone to developing chronic inflammation after trauma and have persistent nonhealing wounds. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and recurrent bacterial infections at the site of long-term wounds also further delay skin wound healing and tissue regeneration. In this study, a granular gel (which exhibits ROS scavenging and antibacterial properties) is fabricated based on hyaluronic acid-g-lipoic acid (HA-LA). Briefly, HA-LA is synthesized to fabricate HA-LA microgels, which are further assembled by Ag+ via its coordination effect with disulfide in dithiolane to form a granular gel. The extrudable bulk granular gel possesses a shear-thinning feature and is immediately restored to a solid state after extrusion, and this can be easily applied to the whole wound area. Therefore, the grafted LA not only allows for the construction of the granular gel but also removes excess ROS from the microenvironment. Additionally, the presence of Ag+ realizes the assembly of microgels and has antibacterial effects. In vivo experiments show that the HA-LA granular gel eliminates excessive ROS at the wound site and up-regulates the secretion of reparative growth factors, thus, accelerating common and diabetic wound healing significantly. Therefore, the ROS-scavenging granular gel that can be applied to the wound surface with chronic inflammation demonstrates strong clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixi Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Pan
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Mao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Kunxi Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Yin
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People's Republic of China
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An C, Zhou R, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Liu W, Liu J, Bao B, Sun K, Ren C, Zhang Y, Lin Q, Zhang L, Cheng F, Song J, Zhu L, Wang H. Microfluidic-templated cell-laden microgels fabricated using phototriggered imine-crosslinking as injectable and adaptable granular gels for bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:91-107. [PMID: 36427687 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Injectable granular gels consisting of densely packed microgels serving as scaffolding biomaterial have recently shown great potential for applications in tissue regeneration, which allow administration via minimally invasive surgery, on-target cargo delivery, and high efficiency in nutrient/waste exchange. However, limitations such as insufficient mechanical strength, structural integrity, and uncontrollable differentiation of the encapsulated cells in the scaffolds hamper their further applications in the biomedical field. Herein, we developed a new class of granular gels via bottom-up assembly of cell-laden microgels via photo-triggered imine-crosslinking (PIC) chemistry based on the microfluidic technique. The particulate nature of the granular gels rendered them with shear-thinning and self-healing behavior, thereby functioning as an injectable and adaptable cellularized scaffold for bone tissue regeneration. Specifically, single cell-laden, monodisperse microgels composed of methacrylate- and o-nitrobenzene-functionalized hyaluronic acid and gelatin were prepared using a high-throughput microfluidic technique with a production rate up to 3.7 × 108 microgels/hr, wherein the PIC chemistry alleviated the oxygen inhibition on free-radical polymerization and facilitated enhanced fabrication accuracy, accelerated gelation rate, and improved network strength. Further in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that the microgels can serve as carriers to support the activity of the encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells; these cell-laden microgels can also be used as cellularized bone fillers to induce the regeneration of bone tissues as evidenced by the in vivo experiment using the rat femoral condyle defect model. In general, these results represent a significant step toward the precise fabrication of engineered tissue mimics with single-cell resolution and high cell-density and can potentially offer a powerful tool for the design and applications of a next generation of tissue engineering strategy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Using microfluidic droplet-based technology, we hereby developed a new class of injectable and moldable granular gels via bottom-up assembly of cell-laden microgels as a versatile platform for tissue regeneration. Phototriggered imine-crosslinking chemistry was introduced for microgel cross-linkage, which allowed for the fabrication of microgels with improved matrix homogeneity, accelerated gelation process, and enhanced mechanical strength. We demonstrated that the microgel building blocks within the granular gels facilitated the proliferation and differentiation of the encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells, which can further serve as a cellularized scaffold for the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng An
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Central Laboratory, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen & The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Renjie Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Weijian Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- Central Laboratory, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen & The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingkun Bao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Changle Ren
- Department of Joint Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116044, PR China; Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen & The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuning Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Eye Hospital, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Fang Cheng
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Jiankang Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Linyong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Huanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, PR China.
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Feng Z, Su X, Wang T, Sun X, Yang H, Guo S. The Role of Microsphere Structures in Bottom-Up Bone Tissue Engineering. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020321. [PMID: 36839645 PMCID: PMC9964570 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects have caused immense healthcare concerns and economic burdens throughout the world. Traditional autologous allogeneic bone grafts have many drawbacks, so the emergence of bone tissue engineering brings new hope. Bone tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary biomedical engineering method that involves scaffold materials, seed cells, and "growth factors". However, the traditional construction approach is not flexible and is unable to adapt to the specific shape of the defect, causing the cells inside the bone to be unable to receive adequate nourishment. Therefore, a simple but effective solution using the "bottom-up" method is proposed. Microspheres are structures with diameters ranging from 1 to 1000 µm that can be used as supports for cell growth, either in the form of a scaffold or in the form of a drug delivery system. Herein, we address a variety of strategies for the production of microspheres, the classification of raw materials, and drug loading, as well as analyze new strategies for the use of microspheres in bone tissue engineering. We also consider new perspectives and possible directions for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110002, China; (Z.F.); (X.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110002, China; (Z.F.); (X.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110002, China; (Z.F.); (X.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Huazhe Yang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China;
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110002, China; (Z.F.); (X.S.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (S.G.)
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Yazdani N, Willits RK. Mimicking the neural stem cell niche: An engineer’s view of cell: material interactions. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.1086099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells have attracted attention in recent years to treat neurodegeneration. There are two neurogenic regions in the brain where neural stem cells reside, one of which is called the subventricular zone (SVZ). The SVZ niche is a complicated microenvironment providing cues to regulate self-renewal and differentiation while maintaining the neural stem cell’s pool. Many scientists have spent years understanding the cellular and structural characteristics of the SVZ niche, both in homeostasis and pathological conditions. On the other hand, engineers focus primarily on designing platforms using the knowledge they acquire to understand the effect of individual factors on neural stem cell fate decisions. This review provides a general overview of what we know about the components of the SVZ niche, including the residing cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), growth factors, their interactions, and SVZ niche changes during aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, an overview will be given on the biomaterials used to mimic neurogenic niche microenvironments and the design considerations applied to add bioactivity while meeting the structural requirements. Finally, it will discuss the potential gaps in mimicking the microenvironment.
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40
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Jammed microgels fabricated via various methods for biological studies. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Emiroglu DB, Bekcic A, Dranseikiene D, Zhang X, Zambelli T, deMello AJ, Tibbitt MW. Building block properties govern granular hydrogel mechanics through contact deformations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd8570. [PMID: 36525484 PMCID: PMC9757745 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Granular hydrogels have been increasingly exploited in biomedical applications, including wound healing and cardiac repair. Despite their utility, design guidelines for engineering their macroscale properties remain limited, as we do not understand how the properties of granular hydrogels emerge from collective interactions of their microgel building blocks. In this work, we related building block features (stiffness and size) to the macroscale properties of granular hydrogels using contact mechanics. We investigated the mechanics of the microgel packings through dynamic oscillatory rheology. In addition, we modeled the system as a collection of two-body interactions and applied the Zwanzig and Mountain formula to calculate the plateau modulus and viscosity of the granular hydrogels. The calculations agreed with the dynamic mechanical measurements and described how microgel properties and contact deformations define the rheology of granular hydrogels. These results support a rational design framework for improved engineering of this fascinating class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Börte Emiroglu
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandar Bekcic
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dalia Dranseikiene
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETHZurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETHZurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J. deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark W. Tibbitt
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Soni SS, D'Elia AM, Alsasa A, Cho S, Tylek T, O'Brien EM, Whitaker R, Spiller KL, Rodell CB. Sustained release of drug-loaded nanoparticles from injectable hydrogels enables long-term control of macrophage phenotype. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:6951-6967. [PMID: 36341688 PMCID: PMC9724601 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels may be pre-formed through dynamic crosslinks, allowing for injection and subsequent retention in the tissue by shear-thinning and self-healing processes, respectively. These properties enable the site-specific delivery of encapsulated therapeutics; yet, the sustained release of small-molecule drugs and their cell-targeted delivery remains challenging due to their rapid diffusive release and non-specific cellular biodistribution. Herein, we develop an injectable hydrogel system composed of a macrophage-targeted nanoparticle (cyclodextrin nanoparticles, CDNPs) crosslinked by adamantane-modified hyaluronic acid (Ad-HA). The polymer-nanoparticle hydrogel uniquely leverages cyclodextrin's interaction with small molecule drugs to create a spatially discrete drug reservoir and with adamantane to yield dynamic, injectable hydrogels. Through an innovative two-step drug screening approach and examination of 45 immunomodulatory drugs with subsequent in-depth transcriptional profiling of both murine and human macrophages, we identify celastrol as a potent inhibitor of pro-inflammatory (M1-like) behavior that furthermore promotes a reparatory (M2-like) phenotype. Celastrol encapsulation within the polymer-nanoparticle hydrogels permitted shear-thinning injection and sustained release of drug-laden nanoparticles that targeted macrophages to modulate cell behavior for greater than two weeks in vitro. The modular hydrogel system is a promising approach to locally modulate cell-specific phenotype in a range of applications for immunoregenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya S Soni
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Arielle M D'Elia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Abdulrahman Alsasa
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sylvia Cho
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Tina Tylek
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Erin M O'Brien
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Ricardo Whitaker
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Kara L Spiller
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Christopher B Rodell
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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43
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Weigel N, Li Y, Fery A, Thiele J. From microfluidics to hierarchical hydrogel materials. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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44
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Krömmelbein C, Xie X, Seifert J, Konieczny R, Friebe S, Käs J, Riedel S, Mayr SG. Electron beam treated injectable agarose/alginate beads prepared by electrospraying. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120024. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Emerging biomaterials and technologies to control stem cell fate and patterning in engineered 3D tissues and organoids. Biointerphases 2022; 17:060801. [DOI: 10.1116/6.0002034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to create complex three-dimensional cellular models that can effectively replicate the structure and function of human organs and tissues in vitro has the potential to revolutionize medicine. Such models could facilitate the interrogation of developmental and disease processes underpinning fundamental discovery science, vastly accelerate drug development and screening, or even be used to create tissues for implantation into the body. Realization of this potential, however, requires the recreation of complex biochemical, biophysical, and cellular patterns of 3D tissues and remains a key challenge in the field. Recent advances are being driven by improved knowledge of tissue morphogenesis and architecture and technological developments in bioengineering and materials science that can create the multidimensional and dynamic systems required to produce complex tissue microenvironments. In this article, we discuss challenges for in vitro models of tissues and organs and summarize the current state-of-the art in biomaterials and bioengineered systems that aim to address these challenges. This includes both top-down technologies, such as 3D photopatterning, magnetism, acoustic forces, and cell origami, as well as bottom-up patterning using 3D bioprinting, microfluidics, cell sheet technology, or composite scaffolds. We illustrate the varying ways that these can be applied to suit the needs of different tissues and applications by focussing on specific examples of patterning the bone-tendon interface, kidney organoids, and brain cancer models. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future prospects in applying materials science and bioengineering to develop high-quality 3D tissue structures for in vitro studies.
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Widener AE, Duraivel S, Angelini TE, Phelps EA. Injectable Microporous Annealed Particle Hydrogel Based on Guest-Host-Interlinked Polyethylene Glycol Maleimide Microgels. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022; 2:2200030. [PMID: 36419640 PMCID: PMC9678130 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microporous annealed particle (MAP) hydrogels have emerged as a versatile biomaterial platform for regenerative medicine. MAP hydrogels have been used for the delivery of cells and organoids but often require annealing post injection by an external source. We engineered an injectable, self-annealing MAP hydrogel with reversible interparticle linkages based on guest-host functionalized polyethylene glycol maleimide (PEG-MAL) microgels. We evaluated the effect of guest-host linkages on different types of microgels fabricated by either batch emulsion or mechanical fragmentation methods. Batch emulsion generated small spherical microgels with controllable 10-100 μm diameters and mechanical fragmentation generated irregular microgels with larger diameters (100-200 μm). Spherical microgels (15 μm) showed self-healing behavior and completely recovered from high strain while fragmented microgels (133 μm) did not recover. Guest-host interactions significantly contributed to the mechanical properties of spherical microgels but had no effect on fragmented microgels. Spherical microgels were superior to the fragmented microgels for co-injection of immune cells and pancreatic islets due to their lower force of injection, demonstrating more homogeneously distributed cells and greater cell viability after injection. Based on these studies, the spherical guest-host MAP hydrogels provide a controllable, injectable scaffold for engineered microenvironments and cell delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne E Widener
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Senthilkumar Duraivel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas E Angelini
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Edward A Phelps
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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47
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Recent Advances in Macroporous Hydrogels for Cell Behavior and Tissue Engineering. Gels 2022; 8:gels8100606. [PMID: 36286107 PMCID: PMC9601978 DOI: 10.3390/gels8100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels have been extensively used as scaffolds in tissue engineering for cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation because of their high-water content and biocompatibility similarity to the extracellular matrix. However, submicron or nanosized pore networks within hydrogels severely limit cell survival and tissue regeneration. In recent years, the application of macroporous hydrogels in tissue engineering has received considerable attention. The macroporous structure not only facilitates nutrient transportation and metabolite discharge but also provides more space for cell behavior and tissue formation. Several strategies for creating and functionalizing macroporous hydrogels have been reported. This review began with an overview of the advantages and challenges of macroporous hydrogels in the regulation of cellular behavior. In addition, advanced methods for the preparation of macroporous hydrogels to modulate cellular behavior were discussed. Finally, future research in related fields was discussed.
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48
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Cunha AF, Matias AF, Dias C, Oliveira MB, Araújo NAM, Mano JF. Cell Response in Free-Packed Granular Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40469-40480. [PMID: 36044384 PMCID: PMC9773234 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The study of the interactions of living adherent cells with mechanically stable (visco)elastic materials enables understanding and exploitation of physiological phenomena mediated by cell-extracellular communication. Insights into the interaction of cells and surrounding objects with different stability patterns upon cell contact might unveil biological responses to engineer innovative applications. Here, we hypothesize that the efficiency of cell attachment, spreading, and movement across a free-packed granular bed of microparticles depends on the microparticle diameter, raising the possibility of a necessary minimum traction force for the reinforcement of cell-particle bonds and long-term cell adhesion. The results suggest that microparticles with diameters of 14-20 μm are prone to cell-mediated mobility, holding the potential of inducing early cell detachment, while objects with diameters from 38 to 85 μm enable long-lasting cell adhesion and proliferation. An in silico hybrid particle-based model that addresses the time-dependent biological mechanisms of cell adhesion is proposed, providing inspiration for engineering platforms to address healthcare-related challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F. Cunha
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - André F.
V. Matias
- Centro
de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento
de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristóvão
S. Dias
- Centro
de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento
de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana B. Oliveira
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nuno A. M. Araújo
- Centro
de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento
de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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49
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Zhu Y, Sun Y, Rui B, Lin J, Shen J, Xiao H, Liu X, Chai Y, Xu J, Yang Y. A Photoannealed Granular Hydrogel Facilitating Hyaline Cartilage Regeneration via Improving Chondrogenic Phenotype. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40674-40687. [PMID: 36052731 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based chondrocyte implantation presents a promising tissue engineering strategy for cartilage repair. However, the widely used elastic hydrogels usually restrict cell volume expansion and induce the dedifferentiation of encapsulated chondrocytes. To address this limitation, a photoannealed granular hydrogel (GH) composed of hyaluronic acid, polyethylene glycol, and gelatin was formulated for cartilage regeneration in this study. The unannealed GH prepared by Diels-Alder cross-linked microgels could be mixed with chondrocytes and delivered to cartilage defects by injection, after which light was introduced to anneal the scaffold, leading to the formation of a stable and microporous chondrocyte deploying scaffold. The in vitro studies showed that GH could promote the volume expansion and morphology recovery of chondrocytes and significantly improve their chondrogenic phenotype compared to the nongranular hydrogel (nGH) with similar compositions. Further in vivo studies of subcutaneous culture and the rat full-thickness cartilage defect model proved that chondrocyte loaded GH could significantly stimulate hyaline cartilage matrix deposition and connection, therefore facilitating hyaline-like cartilage regeneration. Finally, the mechanistic study revealed that GH might improve chondrogenic phenotype via activating the AMP-activated protein kinase/glycolysis axis. This study proves the great feasibility of GHs as in situ chondrocyte deploying scaffolds for cartilage regeneration and brings new insights in designing hydrogel scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Biyu Rui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Junqing Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Junjie Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Huimin Xiao
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xuanzhe Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yimin Chai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
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50
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Zhu S, Li Y, He Z, Ji L, Zhang W, Tong Y, Luo J, Yu D, Zhang Q, Bi Q. Advanced injectable hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:954501. [PMID: 36159703 PMCID: PMC9493100 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.954501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of tissue engineering makes it an effective strategy for repairing cartilage defects. The significant advantages of injectable hydrogels for cartilage injury include the properties of natural extracellular matrix (ECM), good biocompatibility, and strong plasticity to adapt to irregular cartilage defect surfaces. These inherent properties make injectable hydrogels a promising tool for cartilage tissue engineering. This paper reviews the research progress on advanced injectable hydrogels. The cross-linking method and structure of injectable hydrogels are thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, polymers, cells, and stimulators commonly used in the preparation of injectable hydrogels are thoroughly reviewed. Finally, we summarize the research progress of the latest advanced hydrogels for cartilage repair and the future challenges for injectable hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senbo Zhu
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeju He
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lichen Ji
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Tong
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Junchao Luo
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Center for Operating Room, Department of Nursing, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Bi
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Bi,
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