1
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Zhou Y, Tada M, Cai Z, Andhey PS, Swain A, Miller KR, Gilfillan S, Artyomov MN, Takao M, Kakita A, Colonna M. Human early-onset dementia caused by DAP12 deficiency reveals a unique signature of dysregulated microglia. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:545-557. [PMID: 36658241 PMCID: PMC9992145 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The TREM2-DAP12 receptor complex sustains microglia functions. Heterozygous hypofunctional TREM2 variants impair microglia, accelerating late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Homozygous inactivating variants of TREM2 or TYROBP-encoding DAP12 cause Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD), an early-onset dementia characterized by cerebral atrophy, myelin loss and gliosis. Mechanisms underpinning NHD are unknown. Here, single-nucleus RNA-sequencing analysis of brain specimens from DAP12-deficient NHD individuals revealed a unique microglia signature indicating heightened RUNX1, STAT3 and transforming growth factor-β signaling pathways that mediate repair responses to injuries. This profile correlated with a wound healing signature in astrocytes and impaired myelination in oligodendrocytes, while pericyte profiles indicated vascular abnormalities. Conversely, single-nuclei signatures in mice lacking DAP12 signaling reflected very mild microglial defects that did not recapitulate NHD. We envision that DAP12 signaling in microglia attenuates wound healing pathways that, if left unchecked, interfere with microglial physiological functions, causing pathology in human. The identification of a dysregulated NHD microglia signature sparks potential therapeutic strategies aimed at resetting microglia signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyue Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mari Tada
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Zhangying Cai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Prabhakar S Andhey
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amanda Swain
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kelly R Miller
- 10x Genomics, Pleasanton, CA, USA
- Deepcell, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Masaki Takao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Internal Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), National Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Brain Bank, Mihara Memorial Hospital, Isesaki, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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2
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Khalfaoui L, Pabelick CM. Airway smooth muscle in contractility and remodeling of asthma: potential drug target mechanisms. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:19-29. [PMID: 36744401 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2177533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is characterized by enhanced airway contractility and remodeling where airway smooth muscle (ASM) plays a key role, modulated by inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms by which ASM contributes to these features of asthma is essential for the development of novel asthma therapies. AREAS COVERED Inflammation in asthma contributes to a multitude of changes within ASM including enhanced airway contractility, proliferation, and fibrosis. Altered intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) regulation or Ca2+ sensitization contributes to airway hyperreactivity. Increased airway wall thickness from ASM proliferation and fibrosis contributes to structural changes seen with asthma. EXPERT OPINION ASM plays a significant role in multiple features of asthma. Increased ASM contractility contributes to hyperresponsiveness, while altered ASM proliferation and extracellular matrix production promote airway remodeling both influenced by inflammation of asthma and conversely even influencing the local inflammatory milieu. While standard therapies such as corticosteroids or biologics target inflammation, cytokines, or their receptors to alleviate asthma symptoms, these approaches do not address the underlying contribution of ASM to hyperresponsiveness and particularly remodeling. Therefore, novel therapies for asthma need to target abnormal contractility mechanisms in ASM and/or the contribution of ASM to remodeling, particularly in asthmatics resistant to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Khalfaoui
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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3
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Schellenberg LM, Regenthal R, Abraham G. The Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 reduces the β 2-adrenoceptor density but enhance cAMP formation in primary equine bronchial epithelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174323. [PMID: 34246652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study addresses the effect of the Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 on the β2-adrenoceptor density and β-agonist-stimulated intracellular second messenger cAMP formation in primary equine bronchial epithelial cells (EBEC). Y-27632 significantly decreased the β2-adrenoceptor number (Bmax) without markedly affecting the receptor affinity (dissociation constant, KD) to the radioligand [125I]-iodocyanopindolol (ICYP). In contrast, Y-27632 augmented the β-agonist-stimulated intracellular cAMP production. Herein, Y-27632 markedly increased the maximal cAMP responses (Emax) (isoproterenol > epinephrine > norepinephrine) but did not shift the β-agonist concentration-effect curves to the left. The β2-selective antagonist ICI 118.551 and the β1/β2-antagonsit propranolol but not the β1-selctive antagonist CGP 20712A reversed the isoproterenol-induced cAMP formation equally in Y-27632-treated and control EBEC, suggesting the effect was merely related to the β2-subtype. These results show that Y-27632 differentially regulates the receptor density and function. Thus, these findings provide the first evidence that the functional interaction of the β2-adrenoceptor and Rho-kinase (ROCK) signaling pathways decreases the receptor expression but enhances receptor downstream cAMP formation. This differential regulation of the receptor density and function by Y-27632 should be further reconsidered with regard to the beneficial effect of the drug in asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Marie Schellenberg
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Regenthal
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16 -18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Getu Abraham
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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4
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Do DC, Zhang Y, Tu W, Hu X, Xiao X, Chen J, Hao H, Liu Z, Li J, Huang SK, Wan M, Gao P. Type II alveolar epithelial cell-specific loss of RhoA exacerbates allergic airway inflammation through SLC26A4. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e148147. [PMID: 34101619 PMCID: PMC8410088 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase RhoA and its downstream effectors are critical regulators in the pathophysiological processes of asthma. The underlying mechanism, however, remains undetermined. Here, we generated an asthma mouse model with RhoA–conditional KO mice (Sftpc-cre;RhoAfl/fl) in type II alveolar epithelial cells (AT2) and demonstrated that AT2 cell–specific deletion of RhoA leads to exacerbation of allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation with elevated Th2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Notably, Sftpc-cre;RhoAfl/fl mice showed a significant reduction in Tgf-β1 levels in BALF and lung tissues, and administration of recombinant Tgf-β1 to the mice rescued Tgf-β1 and alleviated the increased allergic airway inflammation observed in Sftpc-cre;RhoAfl/fl mice. Using RNA sequencing technology, we identified Slc26a4 (pendrin), a transmembrane anion exchange, as the most upregulated gene in RhoA-deficient AT2 cells. The upregulation of SLC26A4 was further confirmed in AT2 cells of asthmatic patients and mouse models and in human airway epithelial cells expressing dominant-negative RHOA (RHOA-N19). SLA26A4 was also elevated in serum from asthmatic patients and negatively associated with the percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%). Furthermore, SLC26A4 inhibition promoted epithelial TGF-β1 release and attenuated allergic airway inflammation. Our study reveals a RhoA/SLC26A4 axis in AT2 cells that functions as a protective mechanism against allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danh C Do
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Tu
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Respirology & Allergy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojun Xiao
- Institute of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingsi Chen
- Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- JHMI Deep Sequencing and Microarray Core Facility, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Respirology & Allergy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peisong Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Role of Airway Smooth Muscle in Inflammation Related to Asthma and COPD. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:139-172. [PMID: 33788192 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle contributes to both contractility and inflammation in the pathophysiology of asthma and COPD. Airway smooth muscle cells can change the degree of a variety of functions, including contraction, proliferation, migration, and the secretion of inflammatory mediators (phenotype plasticity). Airflow limitation, airway hyperresponsiveness, β2-adrenergic desensitization, and airway remodeling, which are fundamental characteristic features of these diseases, are caused by phenotype changes in airway smooth muscle cells. Alterations between contractile and hyper-contractile, synthetic/proliferative phenotypes result from Ca2+ dynamics and Ca2+ sensitization. Modulation of Ca2+ dynamics through the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel/L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel linkage and of Ca2+ sensitization through the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway contributes not only to alterations in the contractile phenotype involved in airflow limitation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and β2-adrenergic desensitization but also to alteration of the synthetic/proliferative phenotype involved in airway remodeling. These Ca2+ signal pathways are also associated with synergistic effects due to allosteric modulation between β2-adrenergic agonists and muscarinic antagonists. Therefore, airway smooth muscle may be a target tissue in the therapy for these diseases. Moreover, the phenotype changing in airway smooth muscle cells with focuses on Ca2+ signaling may provide novel strategies for research and development of effective remedies against both bronchoconstriction and inflammation.
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6
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Suto W, Sakai H, Chiba Y. Sustained exposure to prostaglandin D 2 augments the contraction induced by acetylcholine via a DP 1 receptor-mediated activation of p38 in bronchial smooth muscle of naive mice. J Smooth Muscle Res 2020; 55:1-13. [PMID: 30918168 PMCID: PMC6433600 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.55.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), one of the key lipid mediators of
allergic airway inflammation, is increased in the airways of asthmatics.
However, the role of PGD2 in the pathogenesis of asthma is not fully
understood. In the present study, effects of PGD2 on smooth muscle
contractility of the airways were determined to elucidate its role in the
development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). In a murine model of allergic
asthma, antigen challenge to the sensitized animals caused a sustained increase
in PGD2 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, indicating
that smooth muscle cells of the airways are continually exposed to
PGD2 after the antigen exposure. In bronchial smooth muscles
(BSMs) isolated from naive mice, a prolonged incubation with PGD2
(10−5 M, for 24 h) induced an augmentation of contraction induced
by acetylcholine (ACh): the ACh concentration-response curve was significantly
shifted upward by the 24-h incubation with PGD2. Application of
PGD2 caused phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 in cultured BSM
cells: both of the PGD2-induced events were abolished by laropiprant
(a DP1 receptor antagonist) but not by fevipiprant (a DP2
receptor antagonist). In addition, the BSM hyperresponsiveness to ACh induced by
the 24-h incubation with PGD2 was significantly inhibited by
co-incubation with SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor), whereas U0126 (a ERK1/2
inhibitor) had no effect on it. These findings suggest that prolonged exposure
to PGD2 causes the BSM hyperresponsiveness via the DP1
receptor-mediated activation of p38. A sustained increase in PGD2 in
the airways might be a cause of the AHR in allergic asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Suto
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Chiba
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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7
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Chu S, Liu W, Lu Y, Yan M, Guo Y, Chang N, Jiang M, Bai G. Sinigrin Enhanced Antiasthmatic Effects of Beta Adrenergic Receptors Agonists by Regulating cAMP-Mediated Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:723. [PMID: 32508648 PMCID: PMC7251054 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of patients suffer from asthma worldwide. However, the first-line drugs used to treat asthma, namely, the beta-adrenergic receptors agonists (β-agonists), are not recommended for use as monotherapy because of their severe dose-related side effects. This limitation has prompted the search for new therapies, which can be used in conjunction with β--agonists so that lower doses can be administered. Sinigrin is a major compound found in many antiasthmatic medicinal plants. In this study, we explored the antiasthmatic activity of sinigrin when used in combination with β-agonists and its underlying mechanism. Sinigrin enhanced the asthma-relieving effects of isoproterenol and reduced the effective isoproterenol dose in an acute-asthma model in guinea pigs. Mechanistically, sinigrin enhanced the cAMP levels induced by β-agonists by inhibiting PDE4. The resulting increase in cAMP levels stimulated the activity of the downstream effector protein kinase A, which would be expected to ultimately induce the relaxation of airway smooth muscle. In conclusion, sinigrin enhances the asthma-relieving effects of β-agonists by regulating the cAMP signaling pathway and represents a potential add-on drug to β-agonists for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Menglin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Nianwei Chang
- Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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8
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Zhang Y, Saradna A, Ratan R, Ke X, Tu W, Do DC, Hu C, Gao P. RhoA/Rho-kinases in asthma: from pathogenesis to therapeutic targets. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e01134. [PMID: 32355562 PMCID: PMC7190398 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic and heterogeneous disease characterised by airway inflammation and intermittent airway narrowing. The key obstacle in the prevention and treatment of asthma has been our incomplete understanding of its aetiology and biological mechanisms. The ras homolog family member A (RhoA) of the Rho family GTPases has been considered to be one of the most promising and novel therapeutic targets for asthma. It is well known that RhoA/Rho‐kinases play an important role in the pathophysiology of asthma, including airway smooth muscle contraction, airway hyper‐responsiveness, β‐adrenergic desensitisation and airway remodelling. However, recent advances have suggested novel roles for RhoA in regulating allergic airway inflammation. Specifically, RhoA has been shown to regulate allergic airway inflammation through controlling Th2 or Th17 cell differentiation and to regulate airway remodelling through regulating mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation. In this review, we evaluate the literature regarding the recent advances in the activation of RhoA/Rho‐kinase, cytokine and epigenetic regulation of RhoA/Rho‐kinase, and the role of RhoA/Rho‐kinase in regulating major features of asthma, such as airway hyper‐responsiveness, remodelling and inflammation. We also discuss the importance of the newly identified role of RhoA/Rho‐kinase signalling in MSC differentiation and bronchial epithelial barrier dysfunction. These findings indicate the functional significance of the RhoA/Rho‐kinase pathway in the pathophysiology of asthma and suggest that RhoA/Rho‐kinase signalling may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA.,Department of Respiratory Medicine Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Arjun Saradna
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA.,Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo NY USA
| | - Rhea Ratan
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Xia Ke
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Wei Tu
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA.,Department of Respirology and Allergy Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Danh C Do
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Peisong Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
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9
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Nayak AP, Shah SD, Michael JV, Deshpande DA. Bitter Taste Receptors for Asthma Therapeutics. Front Physiol 2019; 10:884. [PMID: 31379597 PMCID: PMC6647873 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has primarily relied on the use of beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonists (bronchodilators) and corticosteroids, and more recently, monoclonal antibody therapies (biologics) targeting specific cytokines and their functions. Although these approaches provide relief from exacerbations, questions remain on their long-term efficacy and safety. Furthermore, current therapeutics do not address progressive airway remodeling (AR), a key pathological feature of severe obstructive lung disease. Strikingly, agonists of the bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) deliver robust bronchodilation, curtail allergen-induced inflammatory responses in the airways and regulate airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell proliferation and mitigate features of AR in vitro and in animal models. The scope of this review is to provide a comprehensive and systematic insight into our current understanding of TAS2Rs with an emphasis on the molecular events that ensue TAS2R activation in distinct airway cell types and expand on the pleiotropic effects of TAS2R targeting in mitigating various pathological features of obstructive lung diseases. Finally, we will discuss specific opportunities that could help the development of selective agonists for specific TAS2R subtypes in the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay P Nayak
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sushrut D Shah
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - James V Michael
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Deepak A Deshpande
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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10
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Jin A, Bao R, Roth M, Liu L, Yang X, Tang X, Yang X, Sun Q, Lu S. microRNA-23a contributes to asthma by targeting BCL2 in airway epithelial cells and CXCL12 in fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21153-21165. [PMID: 31020662 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The deregulated cross-talk between airway epithelial cells with subepithelial fibroblasts during inflammation drives the pathogenesis of asthma. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase activity assay suggested that B cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) and CXC ligand 12 (CXCL12) are potential targets of miR-23a. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of microRNA-23a (miR-23a) on BCL2, and CXCL12 in asthma. In E3 rats, miR-23a was upregulated in lung tissues after antigen-induced pulmonary inflammation during acute and chronic inflammation. Immunohistochemistry showed downregulation of BCL2 in the epithelium and of CXCL12 in subepithelial fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Treatment of isolated cells with miR-23a mimic or inhibitor modified the expression of BCL2 and of CXCL12 in the expected cell type-specific manner. Moreover, in epithelial cells, interleukin-4 upregulated miR-23a expression and thereby decreased the expression of BCL2, while increasing the caspase-3 expression, which was followed by apoptosis. In fibroblasts, the expression of miR-23a was increased by thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). Consequently, the CXCL12 expression was abrogated. The phosphorylation of CREB was also downregulated by TSLP through the action of miR-23a. This study describes a novel mechanism, where miR-23a is an important cell type-specific regulator for asthma-associated airway wall remodeling parameter. Thus, miR-23a may present a potential new target for the therapy of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Jin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rujuan Bao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Blood Transfusion, Tangdu Hospital, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Roth
- Department of Biomedicine, Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingzhu Sun
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Biomedicine, Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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11
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Latek D, Rutkowska E, Niewieczerzal S, Cielecka-Piontek J. Drug-induced diabetes type 2: In silico study involving class B GPCRs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208892. [PMID: 30650080 PMCID: PMC6334951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A disturbance of glucose homeostasis leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the severe side effects that may occur during a prolonged use of many drugs currently available on the market. In this manuscript we describe the most common cases of drug-induced T2DM, discuss available pharmacotherapies and propose new ones. Among various pharmacotherapies of T2DM, incretin therapies have recently focused attention due to the newly determined crystal structure of incretin hormone receptor GLP1R. Incretin hormone receptors: GLP1R and GIPR together with the glucagon receptor GCGR regulate food intake and insulin and glucose secretion. Our study showed that incretin hormone receptors, named also gut hormone receptors as they are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, could potentially act as unintended targets (off-targets) for orally administrated drugs. Such off-target interactions, depending on their effect on the receptor (stimulation or inhibition), could be beneficial, like in the case of incretin mimetics, or unwanted if they cause, e.g., decreased insulin secretion. In this in silico study we examined which well-known pharmaceuticals could potentially interact with gut hormone receptors in the off-target way. We observed that drugs with the strongest binding affinity for gut hormone receptors were also reported in the medical information resources as the least disturbing the glucose homeostasis among all drugs in their class. We suggested that those strongly binding molecules could potentially stimulate GIPR and GLP1R and/or inhibit GCGR which could lead to increased insulin secretion and decreased hepatic glucose production. Such positive effect on the glucose homeostasis could compensate for other, adverse effects of pharmacotherapy which lead to drug-induced T2DM. In addition, we also described several top hits as potential substitutes of peptidic incretin mimetics which were discovered in the drug repositioning screen using gut hormone receptors structures against the ZINC15 compounds subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Latek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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12
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Prostaglandin D₂ Induces Ca 2+ Sensitization of Contraction without Affecting Cytosolic Ca 2+ Level in Bronchial Smooth Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103036. [PMID: 30301147 PMCID: PMC6213397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂) is one of the key lipid mediators of allergic airway inflammation, including bronchial asthma. However, the role of PGD₂ in the pathogenesis of asthma is not fully understood. In the present study, the effect of PGD₂ on smooth muscle contractility of the airways was determined to elucidate its role in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). In isolated bronchial smooth muscles (BSMs) of naive mice, application of PGD₂ (10-9⁻10-5 M) had no effect on the baseline tension. However, when the tissues were precontracted partially with 30 mM K⁺ (in the presence of 10-6 M atropine), PGD₂ markedly augmented the contraction induced by the high K⁺ depolarization. The PGD₂-induced augmentation of contraction was significantly inhibited both by 10-6 M laropiprant (a selective DP₁ antagonist) and 10-7 M Y-27632 (a Rho-kinase inhibitor), indicating that a DP₁ receptor-mediated activation of Rho-kinase is involved in the PGD₂-induced BSM hyperresponsiveness. Indeed, the GTP-RhoA pull-down assay revealed an increase in active form of RhoA in the PGD₂-treated mouse BSMs. On the other hand, in the high K⁺-depolarized cultured human BSM cells, PGD₂ caused no further increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. These findings suggest that PGD₂ causes RhoA/Rho-kinase-mediated Ca2+ sensitization of BSM contraction to augment its contractility. Increased PGD₂ level in the airways might be a cause of the AHR in asthma.
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13
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Chiba Y, Danno S, Suto R, Suto W, Yamane Y, Hanazaki M, Katayama H, Sakai H. Intranasal administration of recombinant progranulin inhibits bronchial smooth muscle hyperresponsiveness in mouse allergic asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L215-L223. [PMID: 28982738 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00575.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) is a growth factor with multiple biological functions and has been suggested as an endogenous inhibitor of Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-mediated signaling. TNF-α is believed to be one of the important mediators of the pathogenesis of asthma, including airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). In the present study, effects of recombinant PGRN on TNF-α-mediated signaling and antigen-induced hypercontractility were examined in bronchial smooth muscles (BSMs) both in vitro and in vivo. Cultured human BSM cells (hBSMCs) and male BALB/c mice were used. The mice were sensitized and repeatedly challenged with ovalbumin antigen. Animals also received intranasal administrations of recombinant PGRN into the airways 1 h before each antigen inhalation. In hBSMCs, PGRN inhibited both the degradation of IκB-α (an index of NF-κB activation) and the upregulation of RhoA (a contractile machinery-associated protein that contributes to the BSM hyperresponsiveness) induced by TNF-α, indicating that PGRN has an ability to inhibit TNF-α-mediated signaling also in the BSM cells. In BSMs of the repeatedly antigen-challenged mice, an augmented contractile responsiveness to acetylcholine with an upregulation of RhoA was observed: both the events were ameliorated by pretreatments with PGRN intranasally. Interestingly, a significant decrease in PGRN expression was found in the airways of the repeatedly antigen-challenged mice rather than those of control animals. In conclusion, exogenously applied PGRN into the airways ameliorated the antigen-induced BSM hyperresponsiveness, probably by blocking TNF-α-mediated response. Increasing PGRN levels might be a promising therapeutic for AHR in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Chiba
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, Hoshi University , Tokyo , Japan.,Department of Biology, Hoshi University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shunta Danno
- Department of Biology, Hoshi University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Rena Suto
- Department of Biology, Hoshi University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Wataru Suto
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, Hoshi University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yamato Yamane
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, Hoshi University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Motohiko Hanazaki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School , Kurashiki , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katayama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School , Kurashiki , Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Analytical Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University , Tokyo , Japan
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14
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Bitter or not? BitterPredict, a tool for predicting taste from chemical structure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12074. [PMID: 28935887 PMCID: PMC5608695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bitter taste is an innately aversive taste modality that is considered to protect animals from consuming toxic compounds. Yet, bitterness is not always noxious and some bitter compounds have beneficial effects on health. Hundreds of bitter compounds were reported (and are accessible via the BitterDB http://bitterdb.agri.huji.ac.il/dbbitter.php), but numerous additional bitter molecules are still unknown. The dramatic chemical diversity of bitterants makes bitterness prediction a difficult task. Here we present a machine learning classifier, BitterPredict, which predicts whether a compound is bitter or not, based on its chemical structure. BitterDB was used as the positive set, and non-bitter molecules were gathered from literature to create the negative set. Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), based on decision trees machine-learning algorithm was applied to molecules that were represented using physicochemical and ADME/Tox descriptors. BitterPredict correctly classifies over 80% of the compounds in the hold-out test set, and 70–90% of the compounds in three independent external sets and in sensory test validation, providing a quick and reliable tool for classifying large sets of compounds into bitter and non-bitter groups. BitterPredict suggests that about 40% of random molecules, and a large portion (66%) of clinical and experimental drugs, and of natural products (77%) are bitter.
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15
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Prakash YS, Halayko AJ, Gosens R, Panettieri RA, Camoretti-Mercado B, Penn RB. An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement: Current Challenges Facing Research and Therapeutic Advances in Airway Remodeling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:e4-e19. [PMID: 28084822 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201611-2248st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway remodeling (AR) is a prominent feature of asthma and other obstructive lung diseases that is minimally affected by current treatments. The goals of this Official American Thoracic Society (ATS) Research Statement are to discuss the scientific, technological, economic, and regulatory issues that deter progress of AR research and development of therapeutics targeting AR and to propose approaches and solutions to these specific problems. This Statement is not intended to provide clinical practice recommendations on any disease in which AR is observed and/or plays a role. METHODS An international multidisciplinary group from within academia, industry, and the National Institutes of Health, with expertise in multimodal approaches to the study of airway structure and function, pulmonary research and clinical practice in obstructive lung disease, and drug discovery platforms was invited to participate in one internet-based and one face-to-face meeting to address the above-stated goals. Although the majority of the analysis related to AR was in asthma, AR in other diseases was also discussed and considered in the recommendations. A literature search of PubMed was performed to support conclusions. The search was not a systematic review of the evidence. RESULTS Multiple conceptual, logistical, economic, and regulatory deterrents were identified that limit the performance of AR research and impede accelerated, intensive development of AR-focused therapeutics. Complementary solutions that leverage expertise of academia and industry were proposed to address them. CONCLUSIONS To date, numerous factors related to the intrinsic difficulty in performing AR research, and economic forces that are disincentives for the pursuit of AR treatments, have thwarted the ability to understand AR pathology and mechanisms and to address it clinically. This ATS Research Statement identifies potential solutions for each of these factors and emphasizes the importance of educating the global research community as to the extent of the problem as a critical first step in developing effective strategies for: (1) increasing the extent and impact of AR research and (2) developing, testing, and ultimately improving drugs targeting AR.
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Banathy A, Cheung-Flynn J, Goleniewska K, Boyd KL, Newcomb DC, Peebles RS, Komalavilas P. Heat Shock-Related Protein 20 Peptide Decreases Human Airway Constriction Downstream of β2-Adrenergic Receptor. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:225-33. [PMID: 26909644 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0139oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe bronchospasm refractory to β-agonists is a challenging aspect of asthma therapy, and novel therapeutics are needed. β-agonist-induced airway smooth muscle (ASM) relaxation is associated with increases in the phosphorylation of the small heat shock-related protein (HSP) 20. We hypothesized that a transducible phosphopeptide mimetic of HSP20 (P20 peptide) causes relaxation of human ASM (HASM) by interacting with target(s) downstream of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) pathway. The effect of the P20 peptide on ASM contractility was determined in human and porcine ASM using a muscle bath. The effect of the P20 peptide on filamentous actin dynamics and migration was examined in intact porcine ASM and cultured primary HASM cells. The efficacy of the P20 peptide in vivo on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was determined in an ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge murine model of allergic airway inflammation. P20 peptide caused dose-dependent relaxation of carbachol-precontracted ASM and blocked carbachol-induced contraction. The β2AR inhibitor, (±)-1-[2,3-(dihydro-7-methyl-1H-inden-4-yl)oxy]-3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]-2-butanol hydrochloride (ICI 118,551), abrogated isoproterenol but not P20 peptide-mediated relaxation. The P20 peptide decreased filamentous actin levels in intact ASM, disrupted stress fibers, and inhibited platelet-derived growth factor-induced migration of HASM cells. The P20 peptide treatment reduced methacholine-induced AHR in OVA mice without affecting the inflammatory response. These results suggest that the P20 peptide decreased airway constriction and disrupted stress fibers through regulation of the actin cytoskeleton downstream of β2AR. Thus, the P20 peptide may be a potential therapeutic for asthma refractory to β-agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kelly L Boyd
- 3 Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | | | - R Stokes Peebles
- 2 Medicine, and.,4 Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Padmini Komalavilas
- Departments of 1 Surgery.,4 Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
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17
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Dong HM, Le YQ, Wang YH, Zhao HJ, Huang CW, Hu YH, Luo LS, Wan X, Wei YL, Chu ZQ, Li W, Cai SX. Extracellular heat shock protein 90α mediates HDM-induced bronchial epithelial barrier dysfunction by activating RhoA/MLC signaling. Respir Res 2017; 18:111. [PMID: 28558721 PMCID: PMC5450201 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The disruption and hyperpermeability of bronchial epithelial barrier are closely related to the pathogenesis of asthma. House dust mite (HDM), one of the most important allergens, could increase the airway epithelial permeability. Heat shock protein (Hsp) 90α is also implicated in the lung endothelial barrier dysfunction by disrupting RhoA signaling. However, the effect of extracellular Hsp90α (eHsp90α) on the bronchial epithelial barrier disruption induced by HDM has never been reported. Methods To investigate the involvement of eHsp90α in the bronchial epithelial barrier disruption induced by HDM, normal human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE14o- (16HBE) cells were treated by HDM, human recombinant (hr) Hsp90α and hrHsp90β respectively and pretreated by1G6-D7, a specific anti-secreted Hsp90α monoclonal antibody (mAb). Hsp90α-silencing cells were also constructed. To further evaluate the role of RhoA signaling in this process, cells were pretreated by inhibitors of Rho kinase, GSK429286A and Y27632 2HCl. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and FITC-dextran flux (FITC-DX) were examined as the epithelial barrier function. Expression and localization of adherens junctional proteins E-cadherin and β-catenin were evaluated by western blotting and immunofluorescence respectively. The level of eHsp90α was investigated by concentration and purification of condition media. RhoA activity was determined by using a Rho G-LISA® RhoA activation assay kitTM biochem kit, and the phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC), the downstream signal molecule of RhoA, was assessed by western blotting. Results The epithelial barrier disruption and the loss of adherens junctional proteins E-cadherin and β-catenin in cytomembrane were observed in HDM-treated 16HBE cells, paralleled with the increase of eHsp90α secretion. All of which were rescued in Hsp90α-silencing cells or by pretreating 16HBE cells with 1G6-D7. Also, 1G6-D7 suppressed RhoA activity and MLC phosphorylation induced by HDM. Furthermore, inhibitors of Rho kinase prevented and restored the airway barrier disruption. Consistently, it was hrHsp90α instead of hrHsp90β that promoted barrier dysfunction and activated RhoA/MLC signaling in 16HBE cells. Conclusions The eHsp90α mediates HDM-induced human bronchial epithelial barrier dysfunction by activating RhoA/MLC signaling, suggesting that eHsp90α is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Ming Dong
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yan-Qing Le
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hai-Jin Zhao
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chao-Wen Huang
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ya-Hui Hu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li-Shan Luo
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xuan Wan
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yi-Lan Wei
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Chu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Southern California Keck, Medical Centre, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Shao-Xi Cai
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Russo A, Ranieri M, Di Mise A, Dossena S, Pellegrino T, Furia E, Nofziger C, Debellis L, Paulmichl M, Valenti G, Tamma G. Interleukin-13 increases pendrin abundance to the cell surface in bronchial NCI-H292 cells via Rho/actin signaling. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1163-1176. [PMID: 28378089 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-13 (IL13) is a major player in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in several respiratory disorders. Emerging data suggest that an increased expression of pendrin in airway epithelia is associated with elevated airway hyperreactivity in asthma. Here, we investigate the effect of IL13 on pendrin localization and function using bronchiolar NCI-H292 cells. The data obtained revealed that IL13 increases the cell surface expression of pendrin. This effect was paralleled by a significant increase in the intracellular pH, possibly via indirect stimulation of NHE. IL13 effect on pendrin localization and intracellular pH was reversed by theophylline, a bronchodilator compound used to treat asthma. IL13 upregulated RhoA activity, a crucial protein controlling actin dynamics, via G-alpha-13. Specifically, IL13 stabilized actin cytoskeleton and promoted co-localization and a direct molecular interaction between pendrin and F-actin in the plasma membrane region. These effects were reversed following exposure of cells to theophylline. Selective inhibition of Rho kinase, a downstream effector of Rho, reduced the IL13-dependent cell surface expression of pendrin. Together, these data indicate that IL13 increases pendrin abundance to the cell surface via Rho/actin signaling, an effect reversed by theophylline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Russo
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Marianna Ranieri
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Dossena
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tommaso Pellegrino
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Emilia Furia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Charity Nofziger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lucantonio Debellis
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Markus Paulmichl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Istituto Nazionsale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (I.N.B.B.), Rome, Italy.,Centre of Excellence Genomic and Proteomics GEBCA, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy. .,Istituto Nazionsale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (I.N.B.B.), Rome, Italy.
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Fukushima T, Yamasaki A, Harada T, Chikumi H, Watanabe M, Okazaki R, Takata M, Hasegawa Y, Kurai J, Yanai M, Yamamoto A, Sueda Y, Halayko AJ, Shimizu E. γ-Tocotrienol Inhibits TGF-β1-Induced Contractile Phenotype Expression of Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells. Yonago Acta Med 2017; 60:16-23. [PMID: 28331417 PMCID: PMC5355840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tocotrienols, members of the vitamin E family, exist in four different isoforms (α, β, γ and δ tocotrienol) that have can be protective against brain damage, as well as having anticancer effects in vivo and in vitro. We have shown that γ-tocotrienol inhibits human airway smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB by suppressing RhoA activation. In this study, we tested whether γ-tocotrienol modulates transforming growth factor (TGF) -β-induced induction of human airway smooth muscle (ASM) into a contractile phenotype and concomitant synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins. METHODS ASM cells were stimulated with TGF-β1 (2 ng/mL) for 48 hours and the effect of γ-tocotrienol (50 μM) on α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin and collagen I expression was assessed using Western blotting. The signaling pathways involved in TGF-β1 stimulation were also investigated. RESULTS TGF-β1 increased α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin and collagen Ⅰ abundance by 3- to 5-fold. This response was inhibited significantly by γ-tocotrienol. Furthermore, γ-tocotrienol suppressed RhoA activation, but did not affect Smad2 or Smad3 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION These results indicate that γ-tocotrienol has potential for benefit in modulating on airway remodeling in asthma, likely via a mechanism involving the suppression of TGF-β activation of RhoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Fukushima
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Akira Yamasaki
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Tomoya Harada
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroki Chikumi
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Masanari Watanabe
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Ryota Okazaki
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Miki Takata
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hasegawa
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Jun Kurai
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yanai
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamamoto
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sueda
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- †Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, and Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4 Canada
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, school of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
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Chen JG, Ping NN, Liang D, Li MY, Mi YN, Li S, Cao L, Cai Y, Cao YX. The expression of bitter taste receptors in mesenteric, cerebral and omental arteries. Life Sci 2017; 170:16-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Kasahara DI, Mathews JA, Ninin FMC, Wurmbrand AP, Liao JK, Shore SA. Role of ROCK2 in CD4 + cells in allergic airways responses in mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:224-235. [PMID: 27886408 PMCID: PMC5280456 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rho kinases (ROCKs) contribute to allergic airways disease. ROCKs also play a role in lymphocyte proliferation and migration. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of ROCK2 acting within CD4+ cells in allergic airways responses. METHODS ROCK2-haploinsufficient (ROCK2+/- ) and wild-type mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA). ROCK2+/- mice then received either CD4+ cells from ROCK2-sufficient OVA TCR transgenic (OT-II) mice or saline i.v. 48 h before challenge with aerosolized OVA. Wild-type mice received saline before challenge. Allergic airways responses were measured 48 h after the last challenge. Allergic airways responses were also assessed in mice lacking ROCK2 only in CD4+ cells (ROCK2CD4Cre mice) vs. control (CD4-Cre and ROCK2flox/flox ) mice. RESULTS OVA-induced increases in bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytes, eosinophils, IL-13, IL-5, and eotaxin were reduced in ROCK2+/- vs. wild-type mice, as were airway hyperresponsiveness and mucous hypersecretion. In ROCK2+/- mice, adoptive transfer with CD4+ cells from OT-II mice restored effects of OVA on lymphocytes, eosinophils, IL-13, IL-5, and mucous hypersecretion to wild-type levels, whereas eotaxin and airway hyperresponsiveness were not affected. ROCK2 inhibitors reduced IL-13-induced release of eotaxin from airway smooth muscle (ASM), similar to effects of these inhibitors on ASM contractility. Despite the ability of adoptive transfer to restore allergic airways inflammation in ROCK2-insufficient mice, allergic inflammation was not different in ROCK2CD4Cre vs. control mice. CONCLUSION ROCK2 contributes to allergic airways responses likely via effects within ASM cells and within non-lymphocyte cells involved in lymphocyte activation and migration into the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I. Kasahara
- Physiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-6021
| | - Joel A. Mathews
- Physiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-6021
| | - Fernanda M. C. Ninin
- Physiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-6021
| | - Allison P. Wurmbrand
- Physiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-6021
| | - James K. Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Stephanie A. Shore
- Physiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-6021
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Chiba Y, Tanoue G, Suto R, Suto W, Hanazaki M, Katayama H, Sakai H. Interleukin-17A directly acts on bronchial smooth muscle cells and augments the contractility. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 69:377-385. [PMID: 31994114 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although interleukin-17 (IL-17) contributes to the induction of airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma, its effect on bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) remains largely unknown. Evidence support an involvement of RhoA/Rho-kinase in BSM contraction, and the pathway has now been proposed as a novel target for asthma therapy. To clarify the role of IL-17 on the development of BSM hyperresponsiveness, effects of IL-17A on BSM contractility and RhoA expression were investigated. METHODS Male BALB/c mice and cultured human BSM cells (hBSMCs) were used. RESULTS In the murine model of allergic asthma, BSM hyperresponsiveness with an IL-17A up-regulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were observed. RT-PCR analyses revealed the expression of receptors for IL-17A in mouse BSMs and hBSMCs. In the hBSMCs, incubation with IL-17A caused an up-regulation of RhoA protein. Western blot analyses also revealed phosphorylations of JNKs/ERKs and a down-regulation of IκB-α in the IL-17A-treated hBSMCs, indicating that IL-17A could act on BSM cells directly. However, IL-17A did not activate STAT6, which is also known as a signaling molecule that causes an up-regulation of RhoA when activated by IL-13. On the other hand, IL-17A caused a down-regulation of miR-133a-3p, a microRNA that negatively regulates RhoA translation. In the naive mice, in vivo IL-17A treatment to the airways by intranasal instillation induced a BSM hyperresponsiveness with RhoA protein up-regulation. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that IL-17 directly acts on BSM cells and up-regulates RhoA protein probably via a down-regulation of miR-133a-3p, resulting in an induction of the BSM hyperresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Chiba
- Department of Biology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Gen Tanoue
- Department of Biology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rena Suto
- Department of Biology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Suto
- Department of Biology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Hanazaki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katayama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Analytical Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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Prakash YS. Emerging concepts in smooth muscle contributions to airway structure and function: implications for health and disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L1113-L1140. [PMID: 27742732 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00370.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway structure and function are key aspects of normal lung development, growth, and aging, as well as of lung responses to the environment and the pathophysiology of important diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and fibrosis. In this regard, the contributions of airway smooth muscle (ASM) are both functional, in the context of airway contractility and relaxation, as well as synthetic, involving production and modulation of extracellular components, modulation of the local immune environment, cellular contribution to airway structure, and, finally, interactions with other airway cell types such as epithelium, fibroblasts, and nerves. These ASM contributions are now found to be critical in airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling that occur in lung diseases. This review emphasizes established and recent discoveries that underline the central role of ASM and sets the stage for future research toward understanding how ASM plays a central role by being both upstream and downstream in the many interactive processes that determine airway structure and function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Prakash
- Departments of Anesthesiology, and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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24
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Sayyed DR, Jung SH, Kim MS, Han ET, Park WS, Hong SH, Kim YM, Ha KS. In situ PKA activity assay by selective detection of its catalytic subunit using antibody arrays. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-016-1108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lai PF, Tribe RM, Johnson MR. Differential impact of acute and prolonged cAMP agonist exposure on protein kinase A activation and human myometrium contractile activity. J Physiol 2016; 594:6369-6393. [PMID: 27328735 DOI: 10.1113/jp272320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Over 15 million babies are born prematurely each year with approximately 1 million of these babies dying as a direct result of preterm delivery. β2 -Adrenoreceptor agonists that act via cAMP can reduce uterine contractions to delay preterm labour, but their ability to repress uterine contractions lasts ≤ 48 h and their use does not improve neonatal outcomes. Previous research has suggested that cAMP inhibits myometrial contractions via protein kinase A (PKA) activation, but this has yet to be demonstrated with PKA-specific agonists. We investigated the role of PKA in mediating cAMP-induced human myometrial relaxation, and the impact of prolonged cAMP elevation on myometrial contractility. Our findings suggest that PKA is not the sole mediator of cAMP-induced myometrial relaxation and that prolonged prophylactic elevation of cAMP alone is unlikely to prevent preterm labour (PTL). ABSTRACT Acute cAMP elevation inhibits myometrial contractility, but the mechanisms responsible are not fully elucidated and the long-term effects are uncertain. Both need to be defined in pregnant human myometrium before the therapeutic potential of cAMP-elevating agents in the prevention of preterm labour can be realised. In the present study, we tested the hypotheses that PKA activity is necessary for cAMP-induced myometrial relaxation, and that prolonged cAMP elevation can prevent myometrial contractions. Myometrial tissues obtained from term, pre-labour elective Caesarean sections were exposed to receptor-independent cAMP agonists to determine the relationship between myometrial contractility (spontaneous and oxytocin-induced), PKA activity, HSP20 phosphorylation and expression of contraction-associated and cAMP signalling proteins. Acute (1 h) application of cAMP agonists promoted myometrial relaxation, but this was weakly related to PKA activation. A PKA-specific activator, 6-Bnz-cAMP, increased PKA activity (6.8 ± 2.0 mean fold versus vehicle; P = 0.0313) without inducing myometrial relaxation. Spontaneous myometrial contractility declined after 24 h but was less marked when tissues were constantly exposed to cAMP agonists, especially for 8-bromo-cAMP (4.3 ± 1.2 mean fold versus vehicle; P = 0.0043); this was associated with changes to calponin, cofilin and HSP20 phosphorylated/total protein levels. Oxytocin-induced contractions were unaffected by pre-incubation with cAMP agonists despite treatments being able to enhance PKA activity and HSP20 phosphorylation. These data suggest that cAMP-induced myometrial relaxation is not solely dependent on PKA activity and the ability of cAMP agonists to repress myometrial contractility is lost with prolonged exposure. We conclude that cAMP agonist treatment alone may not prevent preterm labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei F Lai
- Academic Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Imperial College London, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Rachel M Tribe
- Division of Women's Health, Kings College London and Women's Health Academic Centre, Kings Health Partners, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Mark R Johnson
- Academic Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Imperial College London, London, SW10 9NH, UK.
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26
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Rodríguez-Ramos F, Andrade-Moreno MÁ, Alfaro-Romero A, Balderas-López JL, Navarrete A. Gnaphaliin A and gnaphaliin B synergize the relaxant effect of salbutamol but not of ipratropium in guinea pig trachea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:533-41. [PMID: 27061296 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work was aimed to investigate the pharmacodynamic interactions between gnaphaliins A and B with ipratropium bromide (IBR) and salbutamol (SAL) using the guinea pig trachea model through application of the combination index (CI)-isobologram equation. METHODS The guinea pig trachea rings in isolated chamber with Krebs-Henseleit solution (37°C) were contracted with carbachol (3 μm), and then, concentration-relaxant effect curves were constructed for individual drugs and in combination at fixed constant ratios (1 : 1, 3 : 1 and 1 : 3). Median effect and combination index (CI)-isobologram equations were used for determining interactions. KEY FINDINGS Gnaphaliin A and gnaphaliin B showed clear synergistic interaction with salbutamol, reducing the dose of salbutamol more than sevenfolds to produce the same relaxant effect. However, the combination of either flavonoids with ipratropium bromide showed no interaction. CONCLUSIONS Applying the combination index-isobologram method, we determined that gnaphaliin A and gnaphaliin B have synergistic effect with salbutamol due probably to their inhibitory effect on phosphodiesterases to maintain high levels of cAMP in the tracheal smooth muscle. However, these compounds did not show any effect with ipratropium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rodríguez-Ramos
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico.,Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, DCNI, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, México, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Alfaro-Romero
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico
| | - José Luis Balderas-López
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico
| | - Andrés Navarrete
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico
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Sharma P, Panebra A, Pera T, Tiegs BC, Hershfeld A, Kenyon LC, Deshpande DA. Antimitogenic effect of bitter taste receptor agonists on airway smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L365-76. [PMID: 26684251 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00373.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a hallmark feature of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clinical studies and animal models have demonstrated increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass, and ASM thickness is correlated with severity of the disease. Current medications control inflammation and reverse airway obstruction effectively but have limited effect on remodeling. Recently we identified the expression of bitter taste receptors (TAS2R) on ASM cells, and activation with known TAS2R agonists resulted in ASM relaxation and bronchodilation. These studies suggest that TAS2R can be used as new therapeutic targets in the treatment of obstructive lung diseases. To further establish their effectiveness, in this study we aimed to determine the effects of TAS2R agonists on ASM growth and promitogenic signaling. Pretreatment of healthy and asthmatic human ASM cells with TAS2R agonists resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of ASM proliferation. The antimitogenic effect of TAS2R ligands was not dependent on activation of protein kinase A, protein kinase C, or high/intermediate-conductance calcium-activated K(+) channels. Immunoblot analyses revealed that TAS2R agonists inhibit growth factor-activated protein kinase B phosphorylation without affecting the availability of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, suggesting TAS2R agonists block signaling downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Furthermore, the antimitogenic effect of TAS2R agonists involved inhibition of induced transcription factors (activator protein-1, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3, E2 factor, nuclear factor of activated T cells) and inhibition of expression of multiple cell cycle regulatory genes, suggesting a direct inhibition of cell cycle progression. Collectively, these findings establish the antimitogenic effect of TAS2R agonists and identify a novel class of receptors and signaling pathways that can be targeted to reduce or prevent airway remodeling as well as bronchoconstriction in obstructive airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Sharma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Alfredo Panebra
- Department of Medicine (Pulmonary Division), University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tonio Pera
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Brian C Tiegs
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Alena Hershfeld
- Department of Medicine (Pulmonary Division), University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lawrence C Kenyon
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Deepak A Deshpande
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
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Bhattacharjee D, Chogtu B, Magazine R. Statins in Asthma: Potential Beneficial Effects and Limitations. Pulm Med 2015; 2015:835204. [PMID: 26618001 PMCID: PMC4651730 DOI: 10.1155/2015/835204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma's sustenance as a global pandemic, across centuries, can be attributed to the lack of an understanding of its workings and the inability of the existing treatment modalities to provide a long lasting cure without major adverse effects. The discovery of statins boosted by a better comprehension of the pathophysiology of asthma in the past few decades has opened up a potentially alternative line of treatment that promises to be a big boon for the asthmatics globally. However, the initial excellent results from the preclinical and animal studies have not borne the results in clinical trials that the scientific world was hoping for. In light of this, this review analyzes the ways by which statins could benefit in asthma via their pleiotropic anti-inflammatory properties and explain some of the queries raised in the previous studies and provide recommendations for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Bharti Chogtu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Rahul Magazine
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
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29
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Hu M, Ou-Yang HF, Han XP, Ti XY, Wu CG. KyoT2 downregulates airway remodeling in asthma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:14171-14179. [PMID: 26823730 PMCID: PMC4713516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The typical pathological features of asthma are airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). KyoT2, a negative modulator of Notch signaling, has been linked to asthma in several previous studies. However, whether KyoT2 is involved in the regulation of airway remodeling or the modulation of airway resistance in asthma is unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of KyoT2 in preventing asthma-associated airway remodeling and AHR. BALB/c mice were used to generate a mouse model of asthma. Additionally, the expression of Hes1 and Notch1 in airway was analyzed using Immunofluorescence examination. The asthmatic mice were intranasally administered adenovirus expressing KyoT2 and were compared to control groups. Furthermore, subepithelial fibrosis and other airway remodeling features were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, Van Gieson's staining and Masson's trichrome staining. AHR was also evaluated. This study revealed that KyoT2 downregulated the expression of Hes1, repressed airway remodeling, and alleviated AHR in asthmatic mice. It is reasonable to assume that KyoT2 downregulates airway remodeling and resistance in asthmatic mice through a Hes1-dependent mechanism. Therefore, KyoT2 is a potential clinical treatment strategy for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, 306 Hospital of PLABeijing 100101, China
| | - Hai-Feng Ou-Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, China
| | - Xing-Peng Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, China
| | - Xin-Yu Ti
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, China
| | - Chang-Gui Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, China
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Kume H, Fukunaga K, Oguma T. Research and development of bronchodilators for asthma and COPD with a focus on G protein/KCa channel linkage and β2-adrenergic intrinsic efficacy. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 156:75-89. [PMID: 26432616 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bronchodilators are used to improve symptoms and lung function in asthma and COPD. Airway smooth muscle tone is regulated by both muscarinic and β2-adrenergic receptor activity. Large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (KCa) channels are activated by β2-adrenergic receptor agonists, via Gs, and suppressed by muscarinic receptor antagonists via Gi. This functional antagonism converges on the G protein/KCa channel linkages. Membrane potential regulated by KCa channels contributes to airway smooth muscle tension via Ca(2+) influx passing through voltage-dependent Ca(2+) (VDC) channels. The Gs/KCa/VDC channel linkage is a key process in not only physiological effects, but also in dysfunction of β2-adrenergic receptors and airway remodeling. Moreover, this pathway is involved in the synergistic effects between β2-adrenergic receptor agonists and muscarinic receptor antagonists. Intrinsic efficacy is also an important characteristic for both maintenance and loss of β2-adrenergic action. Allosteric modulators of G protein-coupled receptors contribute not only to this synergistic effect between β2-adrenergic and muscarinic M2 receptors, but also to intrinsic efficacy. The effects of weak partial agonists are suppressed by lowering receptor number, disordering receptor function, and enhancing functional antagonism; in contrast, those of full or strong partial agonists are not suppressed. Excessive exposure to full agonists causes β2-adrenergic desensitization; in contrast, exposure to partial agonists does not cause desensitization. Intrinsic efficacy may provide the rationale for the clinical use of β2-adrenergic receptor agonists in asthma and COPD. In conclusion, the G protein/KCa linkage and intrinsic efficacy (allosteric effects) may be therapeutic targets for research and development of novel agents against both airway obstruction and airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kume
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Fukunaga
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Oguma
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
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Glucagon Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Modulates OVA-Induced Airway Inflammation and Mucus Secretion Involving a Protein Kinase A (PKA)-Dependent Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) Signaling Pathway in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20195-211. [PMID: 26343632 PMCID: PMC4613197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic pulmonary inflammatory disease, featured with mucus hyper-secretion in the airway. Recent studies found that glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs, including liraglutide and exenatide, possessed a potent anti-inflammatory property through a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent signaling pathway. Therefore, the aim of current study was to investigate the value of GLP-1 analog therapy liraglutide in airway inflammation and mucus secretion in a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma, and its underlying molecular mechanism. In our study, BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged by OVA to induce chronic asthma. Pathological alterations, the number of cells and the content of inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and mucus secretion were observed and measured. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression of E-selectin and MUC5AC were analyzed by qPCR and Western blotting. Then, the phosphorylation of PKA and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 were also measured by Western blotting. Further, NF-κB p65 DNA binding activity was detected by ELISA. OVA-induced airway inflammation, airway mucus hyper-secretion, the up-regulation of E-selectin and MUC5AC were remarkably inhibited by GLP-1 in mice (all p < 0.01). Then, we also found that OVA-reduced phosphorylation of PKA, and OVA-enhanced NF-κB p65 activation and NF-κB p65 DNA binding activity were markedly improved by GLP-1 (all p < 0.01). Furthermore, our data also figured out that these effects of GLP-1 were largely abrogated by the PKA inhibitor H-89 (all p < 0.01). Taken together, our results suggest that OVA-induced asthma were potently ameliorated by GLP-1 possibly through a PKA-dependent inactivation of NF-κB in mice, indicating that GLP-1 analogs may be considered an effective and safe drug for the potential treatment of asthma in the future.
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32
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Ma S, Deng J, Li B, Li X, Yan Z, Zhu J, Chen G, Wang Z, Jiang H, Miao L, Li J. Development of Second-Generation Small-Molecule RhoA Inhibitors with Enhanced Water Solubility, Tissue Potency, and Significant in vivo Efficacy. ChemMedChem 2014; 10:193-206. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Gold MG, Gonen T, Scott JD. Local cAMP signaling in disease at a glance. J Cell Sci 2014; 126:4537-43. [PMID: 24124191 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.133751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) operates in discrete subcellular regions within which proteins that synthesize, break down or respond to the second messenger are precisely organized. A burgeoning knowledge of compartmentalized cAMP signaling is revealing how the local control of signaling enzyme activity impacts upon disease. The aim of this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster is to highlight how misregulation of local cyclic AMP signaling can have pathophysiological consequences. We first introduce the core molecular machinery for cAMP signaling, which includes the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), and then consider the role of A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) in coordinating different cAMP-responsive proteins. The latter sections illustrate the emerging role of local cAMP signaling in four disease areas: cataracts, cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Gold
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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35
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Robinett KS, Koziol-White CJ, Akoluk A, An SS, Panettieri RA, Liggett SB. Bitter taste receptor function in asthmatic and nonasthmatic human airway smooth muscle cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:678-83. [PMID: 24219573 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0439rc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) have recently been found to be expressed on human airway smooth muscle (HASM), and their activation results in marked relaxation. These agents have been proposed as a new class of bronchodilators in the treatment of obstructive lung diseases because they act via a different mechanism than β-agonists. The TAS2R signal transduction pathway in HASM has multiple elements that are potentially subject to regulation by inflammatory, genetic, and epigenetic mechanisms associated with asthma. To address this, expression, signaling, and physiologic functions of the three major TAS2Rs (subtypes 10, 14, and 31) on HASM were studied. Transcript expression of these TAS2Rs was not decreased in HASM cells derived from donors with asthma compared with those without asthma (n = 6 from each group). In addition, intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) signaling using TAS2R subtype-specific agonists (diphenhydramine, chloroquine, saccharin, and flufenamic acid) was not impaired in the cells derived from donors with asthma, nor was the response to quinine, which activates all three subtypes. HASM cell mechanics measured by magnetic twisting cytometry revealed equivalent TAS2R-mediated relaxation of methacholine-treated cells between the two groups. Human precision-cut lung slices treated with IL-13 caused a decrease in β-agonist (formoterol)-mediated relaxation of carbachol-contracted airways compared with control slices. In contrast, TAS2R-mediated relaxation was unaffected by IL-13. We conclude that TAS2R expression or function is unaffected in HASM cells derived from patients with asthma or the IL-13 inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn S Robinett
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Matera MG, Page C, Cazzola M. PDE inhibitors currently in early clinical trials for the treatment of asthma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:1267-75. [PMID: 24865624 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.921157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PDE inhibitors could be useful in the treatment of asthma because of their bronchodilator and/or anti-inflammatory activities. Recently, some selective PDE3, PDE4 and PDE3/4 inhibitors have been shown to have beneficial effects in patients with asthma suggesting that such drugs may offer novel therapeutic options for the treatment of this disease. AREAS COVERED The authors describe the main PDE families that could be involved in asthma as well as the PDE inhibitors that have been evaluated for the treatment of asthma. EXPERT OPINION Although the potential therapeutic utility of PDE inhibitors has been demonstrated in various animal models of asthma, their clinical efficacy have been restricted by the dose-limiting side effects; no PDE inhibitor has yet been approved for the treatment of patients with asthma. Although new PDE inhibitors have been synthesised, most data are from cellular and tissue-level studies with human trials still on the horizon. Apparently, only CHF 6001, an inhaled PDE4 inhibitor, and RPL554, a dual PDE3/4 inhibitor, are still under clinical development. Further data from these new drugs are eagerly anticipated to better understand where these drugs might stand in the future treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Matera
- Second University of Naples, Department of Experimental Medicine, Unit of Pharmacology , Naples , Italy
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Donovan C, Simoons M, Esposito J, Ni Cheong J, Fitzpatrick M, Bourke JE. Rosiglitazone is a superior bronchodilator compared to chloroquine and β-adrenoceptor agonists in mouse lung slices. Respir Res 2014; 15:29. [PMID: 24621080 PMCID: PMC3995634 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current therapy for relieving bronchoconstriction may be ineffective in severe asthma, particularly in the small airways. The aim of this study was to further characterise responses to the recently identified novel bronchodilators rosiglitazone (RGZ) and chloroquine (CQ) under conditions where β-adrenoceptor agonist efficacy was limited or impaired in mouse small airways within lung slices. Methods Relaxation to RGZ and CQ was assessed following submaximal methacholine (MCh) pre-contraction, in slices treated overnight with either RGZ, CQ or albuterol (ALB) (to induce β-adrenoceptor desensitization), and in slices treated with caffeine/ryanodine in which contraction is associated with increases in Ca2+ sensitivity in the absence of contractile agonist-induced Ca2+ oscillations. Furthermore, the effects of RGZ, CQ, ALB and isoproterenol (ISO) on the initiation and development of methacholine-induced contraction were also compared. Results RGZ and CQ, but not ALB or ISO, elicited complete relaxation with increasing MCh pre-contraction and maintained their potency and efficacy following β-adrenoceptor desensitization. RGZ, CQ and ALB maintained efficacy following overnight incubation with RGZ or CQ. Relaxation responses to all dilators were generally maintained but delayed after caffeine/ryanodine. Pre-treatment with RGZ, but not CQ, ALB or ISO, reduced MCh potency. Conclusions This study demonstrates the superior effectiveness of RGZ in comparison to CQ and β-adrenoceptor agonists as a dilator of mouse small airways. Further investigation of the mechanisms underlying the relatively greater efficacy of RGZ under these conditions are warranted and should be extended to include studies in human asthmatic airways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jane Elizabeth Bourke
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Liggett SB. Bitter taste receptors in the wrong place: novel airway smooth muscle targets for treating asthma. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN CLINICAL AND CLIMATOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2014; 125:64-75. [PMID: 25125719 PMCID: PMC4112707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to expand the classes of drugs used to treat obstructive lung diseases to achieve better outcomes. With only one class of direct bronchodilators (β-agonists), we sought to find receptors on human airway smooth muscle (ASM) that act via a unique mechanism to relax the muscle, have a diverse agonist binding profile to enhance the probability of finding new therapeutics, and relax ASM with equal or greater efficacy than β-agonists. We have found that human and mouse ASM express six bitter taste receptor (TAS2R) subtypes, previously thought only to exist in taste buds of the tongue. Agonists acting at TAS2Rs evoke profound bronchodilation via a Ca(2+)-dependent mechanism. TAS2R function is not altered in asthma models, undergoes minimal tachyphylaxis upon repetitive dosing, and relaxes even under extreme desensitization of relaxation by β-agonists. Taken together, TAS2Rs on ASM represent a novel pathway to consider for development of agonists in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anti-Asthmatic Agents/pharmacology
- Asthma/drug therapy
- Asthma/metabolism
- Asthma/physiopathology
- Bronchoconstriction/drug effects
- Bronchodilator Agents/pharmacology
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Design
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth/physiopathology
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Respiratory System/drug effects
- Respiratory System/metabolism
- Respiratory System/physiopathology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B. Liggett
- Correspondence and reprint requests: Stephen B. Liggett, MD,
Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC02, Tampa, FL 33612813-974-7715813-974-3886
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Prakash YS. Airway smooth muscle in airway reactivity and remodeling: what have we learned? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L912-33. [PMID: 24142517 PMCID: PMC3882535 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00259.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now established that airway smooth muscle (ASM) has roles in determining airway structure and function, well beyond that as the major contractile element. Indeed, changes in ASM function are central to the manifestation of allergic, inflammatory, and fibrotic airway diseases in both children and adults, as well as to airway responses to local and environmental exposures. Emerging evidence points to novel signaling mechanisms within ASM cells of different species that serve to control diverse features, including 1) [Ca(2+)]i contractility and relaxation, 2) cell proliferation and apoptosis, 3) production and modulation of extracellular components, and 4) release of pro- vs. anti-inflammatory mediators and factors that regulate immunity as well as the function of other airway cell types, such as epithelium, fibroblasts, and nerves. These diverse effects of ASM "activity" result in modulation of bronchoconstriction vs. bronchodilation relevant to airway hyperresponsiveness, airway thickening, and fibrosis that influence compliance. This perspective highlights recent discoveries that reveal the central role of ASM in this regard and helps set the stage for future research toward understanding the pathways regulating ASM and, in turn, the influence of ASM on airway structure and function. Such exploration is key to development of novel therapeutic strategies that influence the pathophysiology of diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Prakash
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 4-184 W Jos SMH, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Rho kinase/ROCK is critical in vital signal transduction pathways central to many essential cellular activities. Since ROCK possess multiple substrates, modulation of ROCK activity is useful for treatment of many diseases. AREAS COVERED Significant progress has been made in the development of ROCK inhibitors over the past two years (Jan 2012 to Aug 2013). Patent search in this review was based on FPO IP Research and Communities and Espacenet Patent Search. In this review, patent applications will be classified into four groups for discussions. The grouping is mainly based on structures or scaffolds (groups 1 and 2) and biological functions of ROCK inhibitors (groups 3 and 4). These four groups are i) ROCK inhibitors based on classical structural elements for ROCK inhibition; ii) ROCK inhibitors based on new scaffolds; iii) bis-functional ROCK inhibitors; and iv) novel applications of ROCK inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Although currently only one ROCK inhibitor (fasudil) is used as a drug, more drugs based on ROCK inhibition are expected to be advanced into market in the near future. Several directions should be considered for future development of ROCK inhibitors, such as soft ROCK inhibitors, bis-functional ROCK inhibitors, ROCK2 isoform-selective inhibitors, and ROCK inhibitors as antiproliferation agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbo Feng
- Translational Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute , Scripps Florida, #2A1, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458 , USA +1 561 228 2201 ;
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Levit A, Nowak S, Peters M, Wiener A, Meyerhof W, Behrens M, Niv MY. The bitter pill: clinical drugs that activate the human bitter taste receptor TAS2R14. FASEB J 2013; 28:1181-97. [PMID: 24285091 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-242594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) mediate aversive response to toxic food, which is often bitter. These G-protein-coupled receptors are also expressed in extraoral tissues, and emerge as novel targets for therapeutic indications such as asthma and infection. Our goal was to identify ligands of the broadly tuned TAS2R14 among clinical drugs. Molecular properties of known human bitter taste receptor TAS2R14 agonists were incorporated into pharmacophore- and shape-based models and used to computationally predict additional ligands. Predictions were tested by calcium imaging of TAS2R14-transfected HEK293 cells. In vitro testing of the virtual screening predictions resulted in 30-80% success rates, and 15 clinical drugs were found to activate the TAS2R14. hERG potassium channel, which is predominantly expressed in the heart, emerged as a common off-target of bitter drugs. Despite immense chemical diversity of known TAS2R14 ligands, novel ligands and previously unknown polypharmacology of drugs were unraveled by in vitro screening of computational predictions. This enables rational repurposing of traditional and standard drugs for bitter taste signaling modulation for therapeutic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Levit
- 2The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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