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Liu L, Ei K, Dattaroy D, Barella LF, Cui Y, Gray SM, Guedikian C, Chen M, Weinstein LS, Knuth E, Jin E, Merrins MJ, Roman J, Kaestner KH, Doliba N, Campbell JE, Wess J. Intra-islet α-cell Gs signaling promotes glucagon release. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5129. [PMID: 38879678 PMCID: PMC11180188 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucagon, a hormone released from pancreatic α-cells, is critical for maintaining euglycemia and plays a key role in the pathophysiology of diabetes. To stimulate the development of new classes of therapeutic agents targeting glucagon release, key α-cell signaling pathways that regulate glucagon secretion need to be identified. Here, we focused on the potential importance of α-cell Gs signaling on modulating α-cell function. Studies with α-cell-specific mouse models showed that activation of α-cell Gs signaling causes a marked increase in glucagon secretion. We also found that intra-islet adenosine plays an unexpected autocrine/paracrine role in promoting glucagon release via activation of α-cell Gs-coupled A2A adenosine receptors. Studies with α-cell-specific Gαs knockout mice showed that α-cell Gs also plays an essential role in stimulating the activity of the Gcg gene, thus ensuring proper islet glucagon content. Our data suggest that α-cell enriched Gs-coupled receptors represent potential targets for modulating α-cell function for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- Molecular Signaling Section, LBC, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Kimberley Ei
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Diptadip Dattaroy
- Molecular Signaling Section, LBC, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Luiz F Barella
- Molecular Signaling Section, LBC, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yinghong Cui
- Molecular Signaling Section, LBC, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sarah M Gray
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Carla Guedikian
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lee S Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Emily Knuth
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Erli Jin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Matthew J Merrins
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jeffrey Roman
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicolai Doliba
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan E Campbell
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Jürgen Wess
- Molecular Signaling Section, LBC, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Yang H, Luo J, Liu X, Luo Y, Lai X, Zou F. Unveiling cell subpopulations in T1D mouse islets using single-cell RNA sequencing. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E723-E734. [PMID: 38506753 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00323.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of beta cells by immune cells. The interactions among cells within the islets may be closely linked to the pathogenesis of T1D. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) to analyze the cellular heterogeneity within the islets of a T1D mouse model. We established a T1D mouse model induced by streptozotocin and identified cell subpopulations using scRNA-Seq technology. Our results revealed 11 major cell types in the pancreatic islets of T1D mice, with heterogeneity observed in the alpha and beta cell subgroups, which may play a crucial role in the progression of T1D. Flow cytometry further confirmed a mature alpha and beta cell reduction in T1D mice. Overall, our scRNA-Seq analysis provided insights into the cellular heterogeneity of T1D islet tissue and highlighted the potential importance of alpha and beta cells in developing T1D.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we created a comprehensive single-cell atlas of pancreatic islets in a T1D mouse model using scRNA-Seq and identified 11 major cell types in the islets, highlighting the role of alpha and beta cells in T1D. This study revealed a significant reduction in the maturity alpha and beta cells in T1D mice through flow cytometry. It also demonstrated the heterogeneity of alpha and beta cells, potentially crucial for T1D progression. Overall, our scRNA-Seq analysis provided new insights for understanding and treating T1D by studying cell subtype changes and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang University Affiliated Hospital, Jiujiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junming Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Lai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Hansen JB, Novak I. Editorial overview: New and revitalized old targets in metabolic disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2024; 75:102434. [PMID: 38277941 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2024.102434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob B Hansen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biology, Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ivana Novak
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biology, Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Aglan HA, Kotob SE, Mahmoud NS, Kishta MS, Ahmed HH. Bone marrow stem cell-derived β-cells: New issue for diabetes cell therapy. Tissue Cell 2024; 86:102280. [PMID: 38029457 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
This investigation aimed to establish the promising role of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) growing from bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in relieving hyperglycemia induced in rats. BM-MSCs were differentiated into IPCs using three different protocols. The efficiency of BM-MSCs differentiation into IPCs in vitro was confirmed by detecting IPCs specific gene expression (Foxa-2, PDX-1 and Ngn-3) and insulin release assay. The in vivo study design included 3 groups of male Wistar rats; negative control group, diabetic group and IPCs-transfused group (5 ×106 cells of the most functional IPCs/rat). One month after IPCs infusion, serum glucose, insulin, c-peptide and visfatin levels as well as pancreatic glucagon level were quantified. Gene expression analysis of pancreatic Foxa-2 and Sox-17, IGF-1 and FGF-10 was done. Additionally, histological investigation of pancreatic tissue sections was performed. Our data clarified that, the most functional IPCs are those generated from BM-MSCs using differentiation protocol 3 as indicated by the significant up-regulation of Foxa-2, PDX-1 and Ngn-3 gene expression levels. These findings were further emphasized by releasing of a significant amount of insulin in response to glucose load. The transplantation of the IPCs in diabetic rats elicited significant decline in serum glucose, visfatin and pancreatic glucagon levels along with significant rise in serum insulin and c-peptide levels. Moreover, it triggered significant up-regulation in the expression levels of pancreatic Foxa-2, Sox-17, IGF-1 and FGF-10 genes versus the untreated diabetic counterpart. The histopathological examination of pancreatic tissue almost assisted the biochemical and molecular genetic analyses. These results disclose that the cell therapy holds potential to develop a new cure for DM based on the capability of BM-MSCs to generate β-cell phenotype using specific protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer A Aglan
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cell Lab., Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Soheir E Kotob
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nadia S Mahmoud
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cell Lab., Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Kishta
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cell Lab., Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Ahmed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cell Lab., Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Sun Y, Mehmood A, Giampieri F, Battino MA, Chen X. Insights into the cellular, molecular, and epigenetic targets of gamma-aminobutyric acid against diabetes: a comprehensive review on its mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37694998 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2255666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease due to impaired or defective insulin secretion and is considered one of the most serious chronic diseases worldwide. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a naturally occurring non-protein amino acid commonly present in a wide range of foods. A number of studies documented that GABA has good anti-diabetic potential. This review summarized the available dietary sources of GABA as well as animal and human studies on the anti-diabetic properties of GABA, while also discussing the underlying mechanisms. GABA may modulate diabetes through various pathways such as inhibiting the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, promoting β-cell proliferation, stimulating insulin secretion from β-cells, inhibiting glucagon secretion from α-cells, improving insulin resistance and glucose tolerance, and increasing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, further mechanistic studies on animals and human are needed to confirm the therapeutic effects of GABA against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
| | - Maurizio Antonio Battino
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Xiumin Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Martins da Silva R, de Oliveira Daumas Filho CR, Calixto C, Nascimento da Silva J, Lopes C, da Silva Vaz I, Logullo C. PEPCK and glucose metabolism homeostasis in arthropods. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 160:103986. [PMID: 37454751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The fat body is responsible for a variety of functions related to energy metabolism in arthropods, by controlling the processes of de novo glucose production (gluconeogenesis) and glycogen metabolism. The rate-limiting factor of gluconeogenesis is the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), generally considered to be the first committed step in this pathway. Although the study of PEPCK and gluconeogenesis has been for decades restricted to mammalian models, especially focusing on muscle and liver tissue, current research has demonstrated particularities about the regulation of this enzyme in arthropods, and described new functions. This review will focus on arthropod PEPCK, discuss different aspects to PEPCK regulation and function, its general role in the regulation of gluconeogenesis and other pathways. The text also presents our views on potentially important new directions for research involving this enzyme in a variety of metabolic adaptations (e.g. diapause), discussing enzyme isoforms, roles during arthropod embryogenesis, as well as involvement in vector-pathogen interactions, contributing to a better understanding of insect vectors of diseases and their control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Martins da Silva
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular - INCT, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato de Oliveira Daumas Filho
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular - INCT, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christiano Calixto
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular - INCT, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jhenifer Nascimento da Silva
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular - INCT, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cintia Lopes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular - INCT, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Itabajara da Silva Vaz
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular - INCT, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Centro de Biotecnologia and Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Logullo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular - INCT, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Abstract
Plasma glucose is tightly regulated via the secretion of the two glucose-regulating hormones insulin and glucagon. Situated next to the insulin-secreting β-cells, the α-cells produce and secrete glucagon-one of the body's few blood glucose-increasing hormones. Diabetes is a bihormonal disorder, resulting from both inadequate insulin secretion and dysregulation of glucagon. The year 2023 marks the 100th anniversary of the discovery of glucagon, making it particularly timely to highlight the roles of this systemic metabolic messenger in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E MacDonald
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Göteborg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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dos Santos KC, Olofsson C, Cunha JPMCM, Roberts F, Catrina S, Fex M, Ekberg NR, Spégel P. The impact of macronutrient composition on metabolic regulation: An Islet-Centric view. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 236:e13884. [PMID: 36056607 PMCID: PMC9787959 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM The influence of dietary carbohydrates and fats on weight gain is inconclusively understood. We studied the acute impact of these nutrients on the overall metabolic state utilizing the insulin:glucagon ratio (IGR). METHODS Following in vitro glucose and palmitate treatment, insulin and glucagon secretion from islets isolated from C57Bl/6J mice was measured. Our human in vivo study included 21 normoglycaemia (mean age 51.9 ± 16.5 years, BMI 23.9 ± 3.5 kg/m2 , and HbA1c 36.9 ± 3.3 mmol/mol) and 20 type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosed individuals (duration 12 ± 7 years, mean age 63.6 ± 4.5 years, BMI 29.1 ± 2.4 kg/m2 , and HbA1c 52.3 ± 9.5 mmol/mol). Individuals consumed a carbohydrate-rich or fat-rich meal (600 kcal) in a cross-over design. Plasma insulin and glucagon levels were measured at -30, -5, and 0 min, and every 30 min until 240 min after meal ingestion. RESULTS The IGR measured from mouse islets was determined solely by glucose levels. The palmitate-stimulated hormone secretion was largely glucose independent in the analysed mouse islets. The acute meal tolerance test demonstrated that insulin and glucagon secretion is dependent on glycaemic status and meal composition, whereas the IGR was dependent upon meal composition. The relative reduction in IGR elicited by the fat-rich meal was more pronounced in obese individuals. This effect was blunted in T2D individuals with elevated HbA1c levels. CONCLUSION The metabolic state in normoglycaemic individuals and T2D-diagnosed individuals is regulated by glucose. We demonstrate that consumption of a low carbohydrate diet, eliciting a catabolic state, may be beneficial for weight loss, particularly in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klinsmann Carolo dos Santos
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of ChemistryLund UniversityLundSweden,Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Camilla Olofsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University HospitalKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | | | - Fiona Roberts
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Sergiu‐Bogdan Catrina
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University HospitalKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden,Centrum for DiabetesAcademic Specialist CentrumStockholmSweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Neda Rajamand Ekberg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University HospitalKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden,Centrum for DiabetesAcademic Specialist CentrumStockholmSweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of ChemistryLund UniversityLundSweden
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