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Warrington JP, Collins HE, Davidge ST, do Carmo JM, Goulopoulou S, Intapad S, Loria AS, Sones JL, Wold LE, Zinkhan EK, Alexander BT. Guidelines for in vivo models of developmental programming of cardiovascular disease risk. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H221-H241. [PMID: 38819382 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00060.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Research using animals depends on the generation of offspring for use in experiments or for the maintenance of animal colonies. Although not considered by all, several different factors preceding and during pregnancy, as well as during lactation, can program various characteristics in the offspring. Here, we present the most common models of developmental programming of cardiovascular outcomes, important considerations for study design, and provide guidelines for producing and reporting rigorous and reproducible cardiovascular studies in offspring exposed to normal conditions or developmental insult. These guidelines provide considerations for the selection of the appropriate animal model and factors that should be reported to increase rigor and reproducibility while ensuring transparent reporting of methods and results.
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Grants
- 20YVNR35490079 American Heart Association (AHA)
- R01HL139348 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01HL135158 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- U54GM115428 HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- R01AG057046 HHS | NIH | National Institute on Aging (NIA)
- P20 GM104357 NIGMS NIH HHS
- HL146562-04S1 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- P30 GM149404 NIGMS NIH HHS
- P20GM104357 HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- P01HL51971 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01HL143459 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01HL146562 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01HL163003 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01HL163818 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01DK121411 HHS | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
- R01HL147844 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- Excellence Faculty Support Grant Jewish Heritage Fund
- P30GM149404 HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- P30GM14940 HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- P20GM121334 HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- 23SFRNPCS1067044 American Heart Association (AHA)
- R01 HL146562 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R56HL159447 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- P20GM135002 HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- FS154313 CIHR
- U54 GM115428 NIGMS NIH HHS
- 1R01HL163076 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
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Affiliation(s)
- Junie P Warrington
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Helen E Collins
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Styliani Goulopoulou
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States
- Department of Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States
| | - Suttira Intapad
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Analia S Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Jenny L Sones
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Loren E Wold
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Erin K Zinkhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah and Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Barbara T Alexander
- Department of Physiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
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2
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Yu K, Zhang Q, Wei Y, Chen R, Kan H. Global association between air pollution and COVID-19 mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167542. [PMID: 37797765 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic presents unprecedented challenge for global public health systems and exacerbates existing health disparities. Epidemiological evidence suggested a potential linkage between particulate and gaseous pollutants and COVID-19 mortality. We aimed to summarize the overall risk of COVID-19 mortality associated with ambient air pollutants over the short- and long-term. METHODS For the systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched five databases for studies evaluating the risk of COVID-19 mortality from exposure to air pollution. Inclusion of articles was assessed independently on the basis of research topic and availability of effect estimates. The risk estimates (relative risk) for each pollutant were pooled with a random-effect model. Potential heterogeneity was explored by subgroup analysis. Funnel plots and trim-and-fill methods were employed to assess and adjust for publication bias. FINDINGS The systematic review retrieved 2059 records, and finally included 43 original studies. PM2.5 (RR: 1.71, 95 % CI: 1.40-2.08, per 10 μg/m3 increase), NO2 (RR: 1.33, 1.07-1.65, per 10 ppb increase) and O3 (RR: 1.61, 1.00-2.57, per 10 ppb increase) were positively associated with COVID-19 mortality for long-term exposures. Accordingly, a higher risk of COVID-19 mortality was associated with PM2.5 (1.05, 1.02-1.08), PM10 (1.05, 1.01-1.08), and NO2 (1.40, 1.04-1.90) for short-term exposures. There was some heterogeneity across subgroups of income level and geographical areas. CONCLUSION Both long-term and short-term exposures to ambient air pollution may increase the risk of COVID-19 mortality. Future studies utilizing individual-level information on demographics, exposures, outcome ascertainment and confounders are warranted to improve the accuracy of estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Yu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingli Zhang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhao Wei
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Zahedi N, Pourajam S, Zaker E, Kouhpayeh S, Mirbod SM, Tavangar M, Boshtam M, Hatami Kahkesh K, Qian Q, Zhang F, Shariati L, Khanahmad H, Boshtam M. The potential therapeutic impacts of trehalose on cardiovascular diseases as the environmental-influenced disorders: An overview of contemporary findings. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 226:115674. [PMID: 36925035 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) as environmental-influenced disorders, are a major concern and the leading cause of death worldwide. A range of therapeutic approaches has been proposed, including conventional and novel methods. Natural compounds offer a promising alternative for CVD treatment due to their ability to regulate molecular pathways with minimal adverse effects. Trehalose is natural compound and disaccharide with unique biological functions and cardio-protective properties. The cardio-protective effects of trehalose are generated through its ability to induce autophagy, which is mediated by the transcription factors TFEB and FOXO1. The stimulation of TFEB plays a significant role in regulating autophagy genes and autophagosome formation. Activation of FOXO1 through dephosphorylation of Foxo1 and blocking of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) also triggers autophagy dramatically. Trehalose has been shown to reduce CVD risk factors, including atherosclerosis, cardiac remodeling after a heart attack, cardiac dysfunction, high blood pressure, and stroke. It also reduces structural abnormalities of mitochondria, cytokine production, vascular inflammation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and pyroptosis. This review provides a molecular overview of trehalose's cardioprotective functions, including its mechanisms of autophagy and its potential to improve CVD symptoms based on clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Zahedi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Pourajam
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Erfan Zaker
- Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Shirin Kouhpayeh
- Department of Immunology, Erythron Genetics and Pathobiology Laboratory, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Mahnaz Mirbod
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrsa Tavangar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Kaveh Hatami Kahkesh
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Qiuping Qian
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Boshtam
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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4
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Ecological study of ambient air pollution exposure and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in elderly. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21295. [PMID: 36494401 PMCID: PMC9734746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24653-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an independent risk factor, ambient air pollution can assume a considerable part in mortality and worsening of cardiovascular disease. We sought to investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease mortality and their risk factors in Iranian's elderly population. This inquiry was conducted ecologically utilizing recorded data on cardiovascular disease mortality from 1990 to 2019 for males and females aged 50 years or more from the Global Burden of Disease dataset. Data was interned into Joinpoint software 4.9.0.0 to present Annual Percent Change (APC), Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC), and its confidence intervals. The relationship between recorded data on ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease' mortality, the prevalence of high systolic blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol levels, high body mass index, and diabetes mellitus type2 was investigated using the Spearman correlation test in R 3.5.0 software. Our finding demonstrated that cardiovascular diseases in elderly males and females in Iran had a general decreasing trend (AAPC = -0.77% and -0.65%, respectively). The results showed a positive correlation between exposure to ambient ozone pollution (p ≤ 0.001, r = 0.94) ambient particulate and air pollution (p < 0.001, r = 0.99) and mortality of cardiovascular disease. Also, ambient air pollution was positively correlated with high systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001, r = 0.98), high LDL cholesterol levels (p < 0.001, r = 0.97), high body mass index (p < 0.001, r = 0.91), diabetes mellitus type2 (p < 0.001, r = 0.77). Evidence from this study indicated that ambient air pollution, directly and indirectly, affects cardiovascular disease mortality in two ways by increasing the prevalence of some traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Evidence-based clinical and public health methodologies are necessary to decrease the burden of death and disability associated with cardiovascular disease.
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5
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Hetrick AL, Mitchell MS, Villarosa-Hurlocker MC, Sullivan TS. The Consequence of Unethical Leader Behavior to Employee Well-Being: Does Support from the Organization Mitigate or Exacerbate the Stress Experience? HUMAN PERFORMANCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08959285.2022.2123486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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6
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Sauvain JJ, Hemmendinger M, Suárez G, Creze C, Hopf NB, Jouannique V, Debatisse A, Pralong JA, Wild P, Canu IG. Malondialdehyde and anion patterns in exhaled breath condensate among subway workers. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:16. [PMID: 35216613 PMCID: PMC8876786 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underground transportation systems can contribute to the daily particulates and metal exposures for both commuter and subway workers. The redox and metabolic changes in workers exposed to such metal-rich particles have yet to be characterized. We hypothesize that the distribution of nitrosative/oxidative stress and related metabolic biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are modified depending on exposures. RESULTS Particulate number and size as well as mass concentration and airborne metal content were measured in three groups of nine subway workers (station agents, locomotive operators and security guards). In parallel, pre- and post-shift EBC was collected daily during two consecutive working weeks. In this biological matrix, malondialdehyde, lactate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, formate, pyruvate, the sum of nitrite and nitrate (ΣNOx) and the ratio nitrite/nitrate as well as metals and nanoparticle concentrations was determined. Weekly evolution of the log-transformed selected biomarkers as well as their association with exposure variables was investigated using linear mixed effects models with the participant ID as random effect. The professional activity had a strong influence on the pattern of anions and malondialdehyde in EBC. The daily number concentration and the lung deposited surface area of ultrafine particles was consistently and mainly associated with nitrogen oxides variations during the work-shift, with an inhibitory effect on the ΣNOx. We observed that the particulate matter (PM) mass was associated with a decreasing level of acetate, lactate and ΣNOx during the work-shift, suggestive of a build-up of these anions during the previous night in response to exposures from the previous day. Lactate was moderately and positively associated with some metals and with the sub-micrometer particle concentration in EBC. CONCLUSIONS These results are exploratory but suggest that exposure to subway PM could affect concentrations of nitrogen oxides as well as acetate and lactate in EBC of subway workers. The effect is modulated by the particle size and can correspond to the body's cellular responses under oxidative stress to maintain the redox and/or metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Sauvain
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Maud Hemmendinger
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Suárez
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Camille Creze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Jouannique
- Service Santé-Travail, Autonomous Paris Transport Authority (RATP), 88 Boulevard Sébastopol, 75003, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Debatisse
- Service Santé-Travail, Autonomous Paris Transport Authority (RATP), 88 Boulevard Sébastopol, 75003, Paris, France
| | - Jacques A Pralong
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Wild
- Division of Research Management, National Research and Safety Institute (INRS), Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandoeuvre Cedex, France
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
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7
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Khadka S, Awasthi M, Lamichhane RR, Ojha C, Mamudu HM, Lavie CJ, Daggubati R, Paul TK. The Cardiovascular Effects of Electronic Cigarettes. Curr Cardiol Rep 2021; 23:40. [PMID: 33694009 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-021-01469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are gaining rapid popularity among all age groups, especially among youth. They have evolved into technologically advanced devices capable of delivering nicotine concentration and other substances. In addition to nicotine, e-cigarettes' constituents possess variety of toxic chemicals that have adverse effects on human body. RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, steady downward trend in tobacco usage has been observed; however, e-cigarette use is on upward trend. E-cigarettes are advertised as "safer" alternatives to conventional smoking and as an aid to smoking cessation. Emerging studies have, however, shown that e-cigarettes have harmful effects on the cardiovascular system and that most of the e-cigarette users are dual users, concurrently using e-cigarettes and smoking conventional cigarettes. Despite a gap in clinical studies and randomized trials analyzing adverse cardiovascular effects of e-cigarette use, the existing literature supports that different constituents of e-cigarettes such as nicotine, carbonyls, and particulate matters carry potential risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) on its users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Khadka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, East Tennessee State University, 329 N State of Franklin Rd, Johnson City, TN, 37604, USA
| | - Manul Awasthi
- Department of Health Services Management and Policy, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | | | - Chandra Ojha
- Texas Tech University of Health Sciences, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Hadii M Mamudu
- Department of Health Services Management and Policy, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ramesh Daggubati
- Division of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Timir K Paul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, East Tennessee State University, 329 N State of Franklin Rd, Johnson City, TN, 37604, USA.
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8
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Tanwar V, Adelstein JM, Wold LE. Double trouble: combined cardiovascular effects of particulate matter exposure and coronavirus disease 2019. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:85-95. [PMID: 33084879 PMCID: PMC7665323 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly grown into a pandemic. According to initial reports, the lungs were thought to be the primary target, but recent case studies have shown its reach can extend to other organs including the heart and blood vessels. The severity of cardiac complications of COVID-19 depends on multiple underlying factors, with air pollutant exposure being one of them, as reported by several recent studies. Airborne particulate matter (PM) attracts heightened attention due to its implication in various diseases, especially respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Inhaled PM not only carries microorganisms inside the body but also elicits local and systemic inflammatory responses resulting in altering the host’s immunity and increasing susceptibility to infection. Previous and recent studies have documented that PM acts as a ‘carrier’ for the virus and aids in spreading viral infections. This review presents the mechanisms and effects of viral entry and how pollution can potentially modulate pathophysiological processes in the heart. We aimed to concisely summarize studies examining cardiovascular outcomes in COVID-19 patients and postulate on how PM can influence these outcomes. We have also reviewed evidence on the use of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors, namely angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, in patients with COVID-19. The interplay of pollution and SARS-CoV-2 is essential to understanding the effects of accentuated cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 and deserves in-depth experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Tanwar
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 473 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeremy M Adelstein
- Medical Student Research Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Loren E Wold
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 473 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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9
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Buchanan ND, Grimmer JA, Tanwar V, Schwieterman N, Mohler PJ, Wold LE. Cardiovascular risk of electronic cigarettes: a review of preclinical and clinical studies. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:40-50. [PMID: 31696222 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the most preventable risk factor related to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Tobacco usage has declined in recent years; however, the use of alternative nicotine delivery methods, particularly e-cigarettes, has increased exponentially despite limited data on their short- and long-term safety and efficacy. Due to their unique properties, the impact of e-cigarettes on cardiovascular physiology is not fully known. Here, we summarize both preclinical and clinical data extracted from short- and long-term studies on the cardiovascular effects of e-cigarette use. Current findings support that e-cigarettes are not a harm-free alternative to tobacco smoke. However, the data are primarily derived from acute studies. The impact of chronic e-cigarette exposure is essentially unstudied. To explore the uniqueness of e-cigarettes, we contemplate the cardiovascular effects of individual e-cigarette constituents. Overall, data suggest that exposure to e-cigarettes could be a potential cardiovascular health concern. Further preclinical research and randomized trials are needed to expand basic and clinical investigations before considering e-cigarettes safe alternatives to conventional cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Buchanan
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 473 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jacob A Grimmer
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 473 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vineeta Tanwar
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 473 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Neill Schwieterman
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 473 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peter J Mohler
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 473 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Loren E Wold
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 473 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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10
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Kunovac A, Hathaway QA, Pinti MV, Taylor AD, Hollander JM. Cardiovascular adaptations to particle inhalation exposure: molecular mechanisms of the toxicology. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H282-H305. [PMID: 32559138 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00026.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ambient air, occupational settings, and the use and distribution of consumer products all serve as conduits for toxicant exposure through inhalation. While the pulmonary system remains a primary target following inhalation exposure, cardiovascular implications are exceptionally culpable for increased morbidity and mortality. The epidemiological evidence for cardiovascular dysfunction resulting from acute or chronic inhalation exposure to particulate matter has been well documented, but the mechanisms driving the resulting disturbances remain elusive. In the current review, we aim to summarize the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are directly linked to cardiovascular health following exposure to a variety of inhaled toxicants. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the biochemical changes in the cardiovascular system following particle inhalation exposure and to highlight potential biomarkers that exist across multiple exposure paradigms. We attempt to integrate these molecular signatures in an effort to provide direction for future investigations. This review also characterizes how molecular responses are modified in at-risk populations, specifically the impact of environmental exposure during critical windows of development. Maternal exposure to particulate matter during gestation can lead to fetal epigenetic reprogramming, resulting in long-term deficits to the cardiovascular system. In both direct and indirect (gestational) exposures, connecting the biochemical mechanisms with functional deficits outlines pathways that can be targeted for future therapeutic intervention. Ultimately, future investigations integrating "omics"-based approaches will better elucidate the mechanisms that are altered by xenobiotic inhalation exposure, identify biomarkers, and guide in clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Kunovac
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Quincy A Hathaway
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Mark V Pinti
- Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Andrew D Taylor
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - John M Hollander
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
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11
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Yang M, Zhou R, Qiu X, Feng X, Sun J, Wang Q, Lu Q, Zhang P, Liu B, Li W, Chen M, Zhao Y, Mo B, Zhou X, Zhang X, Hua Y, Guo J, Bi F, Cao Y, Ling F, Shi S, Li YG. Artificial intelligence-assisted analysis on the association between exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and incidence of arrhythmias in outpatients of Shanghai community hospitals. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105745. [PMID: 32334122 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the impact of fine particulate matter pollution on cardiovascular system is drawing considerable concern worldwide. The association between ambient fine particulate and the cardiac arrhythmias is not clear now. OBJECTIVE To study associations of ambient fine particulate with incidence of arrhythmias in outpatients. METHODS Data was collected from the remote electrocardiogram (ECG) system covering 282 community hospitals in Shanghai from June 24th, 2014 to June 23rd, 2016. ECG was performed for patients admitted to above hospitals with complaining of chest discomfort or palpitation, or for regular check-ups. Air quality data during this time period was obtained from China National Environment Monitoring Center. A generalized additive quasi-Poisson model was established to examine the associations between PM2.5 and cardiac arrhythmias. RESULTS Cardiac arrhythmias were detected in 202,661 out of 1,016,579 outpatients (19.9%) and fine particulate matter ranged from 6 to 219 μg/m3 during this period. Positive associations were evidenced between fine particulate matter level and prevalence of cardiac arrhythmia by different lag models. Per 10 μg/m3 increase in fine particulate matter was associated with a 0.584%(95%CI:0.346-0.689%, p < 0.001) increase of cardiac arrhythmia detected in these patient cohort at lag0-2. For different types of cardiac arrhythmias, an immediate arrhythmogenic effect of fine particulate matter (increase of the estimates of cardiac arrhythmia prevalence detected in daily outpatient visits) was found with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia; a lag effect was found with atrial fibrillation; and both immediate and lag effect was found with premature atrial contractions or atrial tachycardia, atrioventricular block. Moreover, the impact of fine particulate matter on cardiac arrhythmias was significantly greater in women (lag3 and lag0-4), and in people aged <65 years (lag0). CONCLUSION Ambient exposure to fine particulate matter is linked with increased risk of arrhythmias in outpatients visiting Shanghai community hospitals, with an immediate or lag effect. The arrhythmogenic effect varies among different types of cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Runze Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiangfei Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunshan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiufen Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengpai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binfeng Mo
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Clinical Research Unit, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Clinical Research Unit, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxue Hua
- Pudong New Area Heqing Community Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Guo
- Shanghai Huangpu Bund Subdistrict Community Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Bi
- Changning Tianshan Community Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Cao
- Pudong New Area Sunqiao Community Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Ling
- Shanghai Lingyun Community Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengming Shi
- Shangnail Xinhua Street Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Gang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Gestro M, Condemi V, Bardi L, Tomaino L, Roveda E, Bruschetta A, Solimene U, Esposito F. Short-term air pollution exposure is a risk factor for acute coronary syndromes in an urban area with low annual pollution rates: Results from a retrospective observational study (2011-2015). Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 113:308-320. [PMID: 32359859 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data suggest that air pollutants are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have questioned the adequacy of current legal pollutant limits, because concentrations lower than those recommended still affect cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. AIM To investigate the association between short-term exposure to air pollutants and the daily diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) at the emergency department (ED) of S. Croce Hospital (Cuneo, Italy), between 2011 and 2015. METHODS We evaluated the effect of particulate matter (PM2.5-10), nitrogen dioxide and ozone as primary exposure, together with temperature and relative humidity as climatological control variables, on ED admissions for ACS (response variables). We studied residents aged ≥35 years, classified into three age groups (35-64, 65-74 and ≥75 years). Environmental data were analysed according to Poisson's regression, and conventional cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs; hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, smoking and dyslipidaemia) were included as control variables. RESULTS ED admissions for ACS were 1625/391,689, with 298 in 2011 (0.183%), 305 in 2012 (0.188%), 347 in 2013 (0.214%), 341 in 2014 (0.21%) and 334 in 2015 (0.206%), with a general growth rate of 2.08% (from 2011 to 2015). The CRFs examined were confirmed to be highly associated with occurrence of ACS. Our study identified PM2.5 and temperature in all age groups to be additional risk factors, with PM2.5 exposure (P<0.01) being a particular risk for those aged ≥75 years. Dose-response models confirmed only PM2.5 as the main environmental risk factor in elderly patients (relative risk 1.06, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.11; lag time 0-3 days). We also found a consistent relative risk for temperature in all age groups. CONCLUSION This study confirms the importance of PM2.5 as a risk factor for ACS, mostly in elderly patients, even in a city with low annual pollution rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Gestro
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Via Colombo 71, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Condemi
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Via Colombo 71, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Luisella Bardi
- Cuneo Department, Environmental Protection Agency of Piedmont, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Tomaino
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana Roveda
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Via Colombo 71, 20133 Milano, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Solimene
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Via Colombo 71, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Via Colombo 71, 20133 Milano, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
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13
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Isei MO, Kamunde C. Effects of copper and temperature on heart mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 147:114-128. [PMID: 31825803 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High energy demand for continuous mechanical work and large number of mitochondria predispose the heart to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that may precipitate oxidative stress and heart failure. While mitochondria have been proposed as a unifying cellular target and driver of adverse effects induced by diverse stressful states, there is limited understanding of how heart mitochondrial ROS homeostasis is affected by combinations of stress factors. Thus, we probed the effect of copper (Cu) and thermal stress on ROS (as hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) emission and elucidated the effects of Cu on ROS production sites in rainbow trout heart mitochondria using the Amplex UltraRed-horseradish peroxidase detection system optimized for our model. Mitochondria oxidizing malate-glutamate or succinate were incubated at 4, 11 (control) and 23 °C and exposed to a range (1-100 μM) of Cu concentrations. We found that the rates and patterns of H2O2 emission depended on substrate type, Cu concentration and temperature. In mitochondria oxidizing malate-glutamate, Cu increased the rate of H2O2 emission with a spike at 1 μM while temperature had no effect. In contrast, both temperature and Cu increased the rate of H2O2 emission in mitochondria oxidizing succinate with a prominent spike at 25 μM Cu. The rates of H2O2 emission at the three temperatures during the spike imposed by 25 μM Cu were of the order 11 > 23 > 4 °C. Interestingly, 5 μM Cu supressed H2O2 emission in mitochondria oxidizing succinate or malate-glutamate suggesting a common mechanism of action independent of substrate type. In the absence of Cu, the site-specific capacities of H2O2 emission were: complex III outer ubiquinone binding site (site IIIQo) > complex II flavin site (site IIF) ≥ complex I flavin site (site IF) > complex I ubiquinone-binding site (site IQ). Rotenone marginally increased succinate-driven H2O2 emission suggesting either the absence of reverse electron transport (RET)-driven ROS production at site IQ or masking of the expected rotenone response (reduction) by H2O2 produced from other sites. Cu acted at multiple sites in the electron transport system resulting in different site-specific H2O2 emission responses depending on the concentration. Specifically, site IF H2O2 emission was suppressed by Cu concentration-dependently while H2O2 emission by site IIF was inhibited and stimulated by low and high concentrations of Cu, respectively. Additionally, emission from site IIIQo was stimulated by low and inhibited by high Cu concentrations. Overall, our study unveiled distinctive effects and sites of modulation of mitochondrial ROS production by Cu with implications for cardiac redox signaling networks and development of mitochondria-targeted Cu-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Isei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada.
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14
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Grimmer JA, Tanwar V, Youtz DJ, Adelstein JM, Baine SH, Carnes CA, Baer LA, Stanford KI, Wold LE. Exercise does not ameliorate cardiac dysfunction in obese mice exposed to fine particulate matter. Life Sci 2019; 239:116885. [PMID: 31655193 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is exacerbated in patients with pre-existing conditions such as obesity. In the present study, we examined cardiac function of obese mice exposed to PM2.5 and determined if mild exercise affected cardiac function. METHODS Obese mice (ob/ob) (leptin deficient, C57BL/6J background) were exposed to either filtered air (FA) or PM2.5 at an average concentration of 32 μg/m3 for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 9 months. Following exposure, mice were divided into four groups: (1) FA sedentary, (2) FA treadmill exercise, (3) PM2.5 sedentary, and (4) PM2.5 treadmill exercise and all mice were analyzed after 8 weeks of exercise training. RESULTS Echocardiography showed increased left ventricular end systolic (LVESd) and diastolic (LVEDd) diameters in PM2.5 sedentary mice compared to FA sedentary mice. There was increased expression of ICAM1, VCAM and CRP markers in sedentary PM2.5 mice compared to FA mice. Both FA and PM2.5 exercised mice showed decreased posterior wall thickness in systole compared to FA sedentary mice, coupled with altered expression of inflammatory markers following exercise. CONCLUSION Obese mice exposed to PM2.5 for 9 months showed cardiac dysfunction, which was not improved following mild exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Grimmer
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vineeta Tanwar
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dane J Youtz
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeremy M Adelstein
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephen H Baine
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cynthia A Carnes
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lisa A Baer
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Loren E Wold
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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