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Wong JPH, Blazev R, Ng YK, Goodman CA, Montgomery MK, Watt KI, Carl CS, Watt MJ, Voldstedlund CT, Richter EA, Crouch PJ, Steyn FJ, Ngo ST, Parker BL. Characterization of the skeletal muscle arginine methylome in health and disease reveals remodeling in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23647. [PMID: 38787599 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400045r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Arginine methylation is a protein posttranslational modification important for the development of skeletal muscle mass and function. Despite this, our understanding of the regulation of arginine methylation under settings of health and disease remains largely undefined. Here, we investigated the regulation of arginine methylation in skeletal muscles in response to exercise and hypertrophic growth, and in diseases involving metabolic dysfunction and atrophy. We report a limited regulation of arginine methylation under physiological settings that promote muscle health, such as during growth and acute exercise, nor in disease models of insulin resistance. In contrast, we saw a significant remodeling of asymmetric dimethylation in models of atrophy characterized by the loss of innervation, including in muscle biopsies from patients with myotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mass spectrometry-based quantification of the proteome and asymmetric arginine dimethylome of skeletal muscle from individuals with ALS revealed the largest compendium of protein changes with the identification of 793 regulated proteins, and novel site-specific changes in asymmetric dimethyl arginine (aDMA) of key sarcomeric and cytoskeletal proteins. Finally, we show that in vivo overexpression of PRMT1 and aDMA resulted in increased fatigue resistance and functional recovery in mice. Our study provides evidence for asymmetric dimethylation as a regulator of muscle pathophysiology and presents a valuable proteomics resource and rationale for numerous methylated and nonmethylated proteins, including PRMT1, to be pursued for therapeutic development in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian P H Wong
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ronnie Blazev
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yaan-Kit Ng
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig A Goodman
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Magdalene K Montgomery
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kevin I Watt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christian S Carl
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christian T Voldstedlund
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter J Crouch
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frederik J Steyn
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shyuan T Ngo
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Tao Z, Sun X, Sun J, Zhu E. Dose-response relationship between 15 weeks of running and aerobic fitness: a retrospective analysis based on the fun running program. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1019. [PMID: 38609934 PMCID: PMC11010386 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Students' physical fitness, particularly aerobic fitness, has seriously declined during the COVID-19 epidemic. However, in the post-epidemic era, there are few studies on the methods of improving aerobic fitness. Understanding the dose-response relationship between physical activity and aerobic fitness is crucial for developing effective exercise prescriptions. METHOD This retrospective study reviewed the Fun Running program at Wannan Medical College in China. We conducted a pre-post study design to analyze the impact of 15 weeks of Fun Running training on aerobic fitness. Middle and long-distance running pace (MLDR-P) was used as the primary indicator of aerobic fitness. A paired sample T-test was used to analyze the differences between the two MLDR-Ps. Pearson's correlation was used to examine the correlation between variables. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the extent to which Fun Running components explain the variance in MLDR-P. RESULTS A total of 3244 college students participated in this study. 15 weeks of Fun Running training can significantly improve the MLDR-P in both females (P < 0.001, ES = 0.68) and males (P < 0.001, ES = 0.72). The MLDR-P was significantly correlated with Fun Running (R2 = 0.95, p < 0.05, for females; R2 = 0.96, p < 0.05, for males). The component that had the greatest impact on MLDR-P was pace (β = 1.39, for females; β = 1.09, for males), followed by distance (β = 0.49, for females; β = 0.15, for males), and last frequency (β = -0.03, for all). CONCLUSION This study fills the gap in research on the dose-response relationship between running and aerobic fitness among college students in the post-epidemic era. The results show that 15 weeks of Fun Running training can significantly improve aerobic fitness. Examination of the dose-response relationship between Fun Running and MLDR-P provides practitioners with valuable insights into prescribing aerobic fitness training, allowing them to develop more effective training programs. Future research should focus on how to implement a hierarchical Fun Running program effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Tao
- Department of Public Foundation, Wannan Medical College, 241000, Wuhu, China
| | - Xugui Sun
- Department of Public Foundation, Wannan Medical College, 241000, Wuhu, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Public Foundation, Wannan Medical College, 241000, Wuhu, China.
| | - Ergang Zhu
- Department of Public Foundation, Wannan Medical College, 241000, Wuhu, China.
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Belzunce MA, Henckel J, Laura AD, Horga LM, Hart AJ. Mid-life cyclists preserve muscle mass and composition: a 3D MRI study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:209. [PMID: 36941610 PMCID: PMC10026522 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity and a healthy lifestyle are crucial factors for delaying and reducing the effects of sarcopenia. Cycling has gained popularity in the last decades among midlife men. While the cardiovascular benefits of cycling and other endurance exercises have been extensively proved, the potential benefits of lifelong aerobic exercise on muscle health have not been adequately studied. Our aim was to quantify the benefits of cycling in terms of muscle health in middle-aged men, using magnetic resonance imaging. We ran a cross-sectional study involving two groups of middle-aged male adults (mean age 49 years, range 30-65) that underwent Dixon MRI of the pelvis. The groups consisted of 28 physically inactive (PI) and 28 trained recreational cyclists. The latter had cycled more than 7000 km in the last year and have been training for 15 years on average, while the PI volunteers have not practiced sports for an average of 27 years. We processed the Dixon MRI scans by labelling and computing the fat fraction (FF), volume and lean volume of gluteus maximus (GMAX) and gluteus medius (GMED); and measuring the volume of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). We found that the cyclists group had lower FF levels, a measure of intramuscular fat infiltration, compared to the PI group for GMAX (PI median FF 21.6%, cyclists median FF 14.8%, p < 0.01) and GMED (PI median FF 16.0%, cyclists median FF 11.4%, p < 0.01). Cyclists had also larger GMAX and GMED muscles than the PI group (p < 0.01), after normalizing it by body mass. Muscle mass and fat infiltration were strongly correlated with SAT volume. These results suggest that cycling could help preserve muscle mass and composition in middle-aged men. Although more research is needed to support these results, this study adds new evidence to support public health efforts to promote cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Belzunce
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas (ICIFI-CONICET), Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences (CEMSC3), Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro Universitario de Imágenes Médicas (CEUNIM), Universidad Nacional de Gral. San Martín, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, (1650), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, (1425), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro Universitario de Imágenes Médicas (CEUNIM), Universidad Nacional de Gral. San Martín, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo 901, San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Johann Henckel
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Anna Di Laura
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, University College London, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Laura M Horga
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Alister James Hart
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK.
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK.
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Zargani M, Rahimi A, Mazaheri Tirani Z, Arabzadeh E, Feizolahi F. Swimming exercise and nano-l-arginine supplementation improve oxidative capacity and some autophagy-related genes in the soleus muscle of aging rats. Gene 2023; 850:146955. [PMID: 36220447 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The present research aims to evaluate the effect of swimming exercise and chitosan-coated l-arginine on mitochondrial oxidation, BCL2 Interacting Protein 3 (Bnip3), NIP-like protein × (Nix), B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-xL) and autophagy-related protein light chain 3(LC3) expression in soleus muscle of aging rats. In this experimental research, 25 male Wistar rats were assigned into five groups randomly: young, old, old + Nano l-arginine (Nano L-a), old + exercise (Ex), and old + Nano l-arginine (Nano L-a) + exercise (Ex) (n = 5 in each). They performed a swimming exercise program five days a week for six weeks. To determine the relative strength for rats before and after performing these interventions, the 1repetition maximum (1RM) test was done as a pre and post-test. The exercise program started with 20 min and after four sessions, gradually increased to 60 min and this time was maintained until the completion of the training period. l-arginine coated with chitosan nanoparticles was given to the rats in the l-arginine-supplemented group via gavage at a dosage of 500 mg/kg/day, five days a week, for six weeks. Additionally, the rats in all groups were fed a normal diet (2.87 kcal/g and 15 % energy from fat). Upon the completion of the protocol implementation, the rats were sacrificed and the soleus muscle was fixed and frozen to determine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), gene expression analysis, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The results from the present research indicated that swimming exercise and Nano l-arginine improve the strength and histology of muscle tissue in old rats (p < 0.05). Aging significantly increased the expression of Nix and Bnip3 (p < 0.05) and reduced the Bcl-xL gene expression (p < 0.05). The expression of LC3 protein also increased with aging (p < 0.05). Therapeutic interventions, such as combined treatment (old + Nano L-a + Ex) for old animals, reduced the amount of this protein in soleus muscle (p < 0.05). The ROS values also showed a significant reduction only in the old + Nano L-a + Ex group compared to the old group. Moreover, TAC values show a significant decrease in the old and old + Ex groups in comparison to the young group. The use of arginine supplement, especially in nano form, along with swimming exercise seems to reduce the oxidative damage to the elderly muscle tissue, which has a positive effect on the structure and function of the soleus muscle. Since these interventions only had a significant effect on LC3 protein, further studies with more diverse measurement methods for autophagy are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Zargani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Rahimi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Arabzadeh
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Foad Feizolahi
- Clinical Care and Health Promotion Research Center, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
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Ubiquitin Ligases in Longevity and Aging Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147602. [PMID: 35886949 PMCID: PMC9315556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and prevalence of diseases associated with aging presents a global health burden on society. One hallmark of aging is the loss of proteostasis which is caused in part by alterations to the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and lysosome-autophagy system leading to impaired function and maintenance of mass in tissues such as skeletal muscle. In the instance of skeletal muscle, the impairment of function occurs early in the aging process and is dependent on proteostatic mechanisms. The UPS plays a pivotal role in degradation of misfolded and aggregated proteins. For the purpose of this review, we will discuss the role of the UPS system in the context of age-related loss of muscle mass and function. We highlight the significant role that E3 ubiquitin ligases play in the turnover of key components (e.g., mitochondria and neuromuscular junction) essential to skeletal muscle function and the influence of aging. In addition, we will briefly discuss the contribution of the UPS system to lifespan. By understanding the UPS system as part of the proteostasis network in age-related diseases and disorders such as sarcopenia, new discoveries can be made and new interventions can be developed which will preserve muscle function and maintain quality of life with advancing age.
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Moreira-Reis A, Maté-Muñoz JL, Hernández-Lougedo J, Vilches-Sáez S, Benet M, García-Fernández P, Pleguezuelos E, Carbonell T, Alva N, Garnacho-Castaño MV. Aerobic Dance on an Air Dissipation Platform Improves Cardiorespiratory, Muscular and Cellular Fitness in the Overweight and Obese Elderly. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040579. [PMID: 35453778 PMCID: PMC9031850 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a global health problem associated with a high number of comorbidities that decrease functional capacity, especially in elderly people. Aerobic dance is considered a viable strategy to prevent the effects of aging, mainly in obese and overweight elderly people. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aerobic dance on an air dissipation platform (ADP) on body composition, oxidative stress and muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness in elderly people. Methods: In total, 32 elderly adults (67.1 ± 3.6) were divided into 3 groups based on body mass index: healthy (HG), overweight (OWG) and obese (OG). Training program of aerobic dance on an ADP was carried out twice a week for 12 weeks. Results: OWG (p = 0.016) and OG decreased their weight (p < 0.001). There was a significant decrease in malondialdehyde concentrations in all experimental groups (p < 0.05). OWG and OG significantly improved their peak oxygen uptake (p < 0.01). HG increased the vertical jump height (p < 0.05), and HG and OG improved the power output of the lower extremities (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The aerobic dance on an ADP may be an effective alternative to lose weight, prevent oxidative stress and improve cardiorespiratory fitness in obese and overweight elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Moreira-Reis
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (S.V.-S.); (T.C.); (N.A.)
| | - José Luis Maté-Muñoz
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.M.-M.); (P.G.-F.)
| | - Juan Hernández-Lougedo
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sergio Vilches-Sáez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (S.V.-S.); (T.C.); (N.A.)
| | - Marta Benet
- Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Pablo García-Fernández
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.M.-M.); (P.G.-F.)
- IdISSC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eulogio Pleguezuelos
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Hospital de Mataró, 08304 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (S.V.-S.); (T.C.); (N.A.)
| | - Norma Alva
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (S.V.-S.); (T.C.); (N.A.)
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Vella CA, Miljkovic I, Price CA, Allison M. Physical Activity Type and Intensity Are Associated With Abdominal Muscle Area and Density: The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:256-266. [PMID: 35276663 PMCID: PMC10275369 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using data from a multiethnic cohort, the authors tested associations of multiple types and intensities of physical activity (PA) with abdominal muscle area and density. METHODS 1895 Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants (mean age 64.6 [9.6] y) completed health history and PA questionnaires and computed tomography to quantify body composition and measurements of cardiovascular and inflammatory biomarkers. Analyses included multivariable regression. RESULTS Compared with those not meeting PA guidelines for Americans, those meeting the guidelines had higher total abdominal muscle area (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval 1.60, 1.20 to 2.15), stability muscle area (1.68, 1.28 to 2.20), and stability muscle density (1.35, 1.03 to 1.76). After adjustment for relevant covariates, each SD increase in total moderate to vigorous PA was associated with a higher total abdominal (β, 95% confidence interval = 0.068, 0.036 to 0.173), stability (0.063, 0.027 to 0.099), and locomotor (0.069, 0.039 to 0.099) muscle area and higher locomotor muscle density (0.065, 0.022 to 0.108, P < .01). Only intentional and conditioning exercise were associated with total abdominal and stability muscle density (P < .05). Light PA and walking were not associated with muscle area or density. CONCLUSIONS Most types of PA are positively associated with abdominal muscle area and density across functional categories, independent of relevant covariates. These results provide additional evidence for promoting PA for healthy muscle aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal A Vella
- Department of Movement Sciences, College of Education, Health and Human Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID,USA
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,USA
| | - Candice A Price
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA,USA
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,USA
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Barodia K, Cheruku SP, Kanwal A, Menon A, Rajeevan R, Rukade A, Kumar Shenoy RU, Prabhu C, Sharma V, Divya KP, Sumalatha S, Nayak Y, Kumar N. Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on exercise and dexamethasone-induced functional impairment in skeletal muscles. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 13:100503. [PMID: 34974956 PMCID: PMC8814402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic administration of steroids like dexamethasone produces symptoms including weight loss and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Similar events are reported in chronic or high-intensity exercises, that can lead to fatigue and muscle damage. Objective In the present study, the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract was evaluated against dexamethasone (Dex) and exercise (Exe)-induced muscle changes in rats. Materials and methods Six groups each containing 6 rats, namely normal, Dex control, Exe Control, Dex + M. oleifera leaf extract (300mg/kgp.o.), Dex + Exe, Dex + Exe + M. oleifera leaf extract were assessed in the study. Dex was administered at 0.6 mg/kg i.p. daily for 7 days. Exercise was given for a total of 10 days after 30 minutes of dosing using treadmill equipment for 900 seconds at speed 18 m/min. Animals were assessed for variation in body weight, muscular endurance using treadmill, locomotor activity using actophotometer, motor coordination using rotarod on day zero, and day seven. Hemidiaphragm of rats were isolated and used for evaluation of the glucose uptake. Gastrocnemius muscle was isolated and subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results Dex and Exe control animals showed a significant decrease in skeletal muscle activity when compared to normal control animals in the actophotometer test. Improvement in endurance were seen in Dex + M. oleifera leaf extract, and Dex + exercise + M. oleifera leaf extract groups compared to Dex control group. Improvement in locomotor activity was seen in Dex group subjected to exercise and was significant when treated with M. oleifera leaf extract. Histology reports were in accordance with the functional parameters. Conclusion M. oleifera leaf extract supplemented with exercise showed a reversal in the dexamethasone-induced functional impairment in skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalgi Barodia
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sri Pragnya Cheruku
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhinav Kanwal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India; Department of Pharmacology, All India, Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhatinda, 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Menon
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Rutu Rajeevan
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Aniket Rukade
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghavendra Udaya Kumar Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Chaitali Prabhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaibhav Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - K P Divya
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Suhani Sumalatha
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur (NIPER-H), Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial Area Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India.
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Abstract
Since ancient times, the health benefits of regular physical activity/exercise have been recognized and the classic studies of Morris and Paffenbarger provided the epidemiological evidence in support of such an association. Cardiorespiratory fitness, often measured by maximal oxygen uptake, and habitual physical activity levels are inversely related to mortality. Thus, studies exploring the biological bases of the health benefits of exercise have largely focused on the cardiovascular system and skeletal muscle (mass and metabolism), although there is increasing evidence that multiple tissues and organ systems are influenced by regular exercise. Communication between contracting skeletal muscle and multiple organs has been implicated in exercise benefits, as indeed has other interorgan "cross-talk." The application of molecular biology techniques and "omics" approaches to questions in exercise biology has opened new lines of investigation to better understand the beneficial effects of exercise and, in so doing, inform the optimization of exercise regimens and the identification of novel therapeutic strategies to enhance health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hargreaves
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kim K, Kim TW, Kim SH. Analysis of physiological data from long- term physical exercise: A basis for improving the health of rural residents of Korea. Technol Health Care 2021; 28:253-262. [PMID: 32364158 PMCID: PMC7369064 DOI: 10.3233/thc-209026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Analysis of the change pattern of a user’s physiological signals collected over a long time and user health information prediction technology based on personal history data can provide the user with accurate health information. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we analyzed the change pattern of health information that was altered by performing personal training (PT) at the beginning of the study and subsequently quitting exercise and only performing activities of daily living (ADL). METHODS: The subject performed PT for 75 days, and then consistently performed relatively simple ADL, such as standing, sitting, and walking, for 325 days that followed. After 400 days, the health information was analyzed through the change patterns of various physiological signals. Personal exercise information and heart rate data were collected through a smart watch (Apple watch Nike+, Apple Inc.) and the obesity parameters (i.e. information on the weight, body fat fate, and body muscle rate) were measured using a smart scale (PICOOC S1 Pro, EasySolar). RESULTS: We found that the weight and body fat rate linearly decreased and the body muscle rate increased for the first 75 days when hard training was performed whereas they repeatedly increased or decreased when only ADL were performed. As the daily exercise distance increased, weight and body fat rate tended to decrease while body muscle rate tended to increase. There was no significant change in the weight, body fat rate, and body muscle rate while daily activities were performed, but continuous exercise is expected to improve cardiac function by increasing the cardiac output of the heart. CONCLUSION: We expected that the simple physiological data measured with smart watches and smart scales can be used for the health management of the elderly living in rural areas in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong Kim
- Department of Medical and Electronic Device, Chungbuk Provincial University, Okcheon-gun, Chungbuk, 29046, Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- Department of Fusion Design, Chungbuk Provincial University, Okcheon-gun, Chungbuk, 29046, Korea
| | - Seong Hyun Kim
- Department of Medical and Electronic Device, Chungbuk Provincial University, Okcheon-gun, Chungbuk, 29046, Korea
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11
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Modaresi MS, Fathei M, Attarzadeh Hosseini SR, Ziaaldini MM, Sadeghian Shahi MR. The effects of two iso-volume endurance training protocols on mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic male mice. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:1097-1103. [PMID: 33520827 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Type 2diabetes(T2D) is one of the more common diseases in the world and has been widely spread. One of the suggested mechanisms in development of T2D, is mitochondrial dysfunction. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of two endurance training protocols with low and moderate intensity on biogenesis and mitochondrial function, in Diabetic mice induced by high fat diet and Streptozotocin(STZ). Methods 40 five week old mice divided to four groups including: health control (HC, n = 7), diabetic control (DC, n = 7), low endurance training (DLT, n = 7) and moderate endurance training (DMT, n = 7). DMT group ran at 5 m/min for an hour, 3 days a week on a treadmill, and DLT group ran at 3 m/min for an hour, 5 days a week on a treadmill for 8 weeks. Results The cytosolic content of PGC1α, Tfam and mitochondrial content of citrate synthase(Cs) and cytochrome c oxidase(Cox) in DC was significantly reduced compared to HC(P˂0.05). All of the parameters except for Cs in both DLT and DMT were increased compared to DC (P˂0.05), but there was no difference between them and the HC (P˃0.05). There was no difference in Cs enzyme between the DC and the DLT(P˃0.05), but it was significantly increased in the DMT(P˂0.05). There was a significantly difference between Cs enzyme in HC and DLT(P˂0.05), but there wasn't any significant difference between HC and DMT(P˃0.05). Conclusions The results showed that in same volume condition, both endurance training protocols improved the proteins involved in biogenesis and mitochondrial function in T2D mice and there was no significant difference between them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrdad Fathei
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi sq, Mashhad, Iran
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12
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An Analysis of Participation and Performance of 2067 100-km Ultra-Marathons Worldwide. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020362. [PMID: 33418867 PMCID: PMC7825131 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the number of successful finishers and the performance of the athletes in 100-km ultra-marathons worldwide. A total of 2067 100-km ultra-marathon races with 369,969 men and 69,668 women competing between 1960 and 2019 were analyzed, including the number of successful finishers, age, sex, and running speed. The results showed a strong increase in the number of running events as well as a strong increase in the number of participants in the 100-km ultra-marathons worldwide. The performance gap disappeared in athletes older than 60 years. Nevertheless, the running speed of athletes over 70 years has improved every decade. In contrast, the performance gap among the top three athletes remains persistent over all decades (F = 83.4, p < 0.001; pη2 = 0.039). The performance gap between the sexes is not significant in the youngest age groups (20–29 years) and the oldest age groups (>90 years) among recreational athletes and among top-three athletes over 70 years. In summary, especially for older athletes, a 100-km ultra-marathon competition shows an increasing number of opponents and a stronger performance challenge. This will certainly be of interest for coaches and athletes in the future, both from a scientific and sporting point of view.
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Abstract
Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome currently defined as pathological loss of muscle mass and function. Sarcopenia is not only a major contributor to loss of physical function in older adults but is also associated with increased risk of morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare costs. As a complex and multifactorial syndrome, sarcopenia has been associated with numerous degenerative changes during the aging process, but there is building evidence for significant contributions to the development of sarcopenia from neurodegenerative changes in the peripheral nervous system. A variety of interventions have been investigated for the treatment of sarcopenia, but current management is primarily focused on nutrition and therapeutic exercise interventions. Great strides have been made to improve screening procedures and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia, but continued optimization of diagnostic and screening strategies is needed to better identify individuals with sarcopenia or at risk of developing sarcopenia. Understanding and addressing the major drivers of sarcopenia pathogenesis will help develop therapeutics that can reduce the impact of sarcopenia on affected individuals and society.
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14
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Marcos-Pardo PJ, González-Gálvez N, Gea-García GM, López-Vivancos A, Espeso-García A, Gomes de Souza Vale R. Sarcopenia as a Mediator of the Effect of a Gerontogymnastics Program on Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Overweight and Obese Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197064. [PMID: 32992531 PMCID: PMC7578986 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The objectives were to analyze the effect of a gerontogymnastics program on functional ability and fitness on overweight and obese older woman and to understand if sarcopenia mediates its effect. This randomized controlled trial involved 216 overweight and obese women. The experimental group (EG) carried out 12 weeks of a gerontogymnastics program. The assessment was of gait speed, cardiorespiratory fitness, functional capacity, and muscle strength. EG showed significant improvements in almost every test. When the effect of training was adjusted by gait speed, the improvement of the 6 min walk test (MWT) for the trained group was no longer significant (p = 0.127). The improvement of the 6 MWT was significantly and positively associated with the 10 m test (β = −10.087). After including the 10-m test in the equations, the association between the 6MWT and carrying out the training program decreased but remained significant (β = −19.904). The mediation analysis showed a significant, direct and indirect effect with a significant Sobel test value (z = 6.606 ± 7.733; p = 0.000). These results indicate that a gerontogymnastics program improves functional capacity and fitness; and the effect of a gerontogymnastics program on CRF is mediated by sarcopenia in older women who are overweight and obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (G.M.G.-G.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Noelia González-Gálvez
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (G.M.G.-G.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gemma María Gea-García
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (G.M.G.-G.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Abraham López-Vivancos
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (G.M.G.-G.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Espeso-García
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (G.M.G.-G.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.)
| | - Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Estacio de Sa University, 20261-063 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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15
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Casuso RA, Huertas JR. The emerging role of skeletal muscle mitochondrial dynamics in exercise and ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 58:101025. [PMID: 32018055 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the hub for energy production within living cells. They can undergo morphological changes in response to nutrient availability and cellular stress. Here, we review how exercise chronically and acutely affects mitochondrial dynamics. Moreover, we discuss whether mitochondrial dysfunction observed in elderly subjects is due to the ageing process per se or due to the associated sedentary state. Finally, we study how endurance exercise can improve mitochondrial dynamics in older subjects, thereby improving their overall health and likely limiting muscle waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A Casuso
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Avda del conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Jesús R Huertas
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Avda del conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
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16
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Stacchiotti A, Favero G, Rodella LF. Impact of Melatonin on Skeletal Muscle and Exercise. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020288. [PMID: 31991655 PMCID: PMC7072499 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle disorders are dramatically increasing with human aging with enormous sanitary costs and impact on the quality of life. Preventive and therapeutic tools to limit onset and progression of muscle frailty include nutrition and physical training. Melatonin, the indole produced at nighttime in pineal and extra-pineal sites in mammalians, has recognized anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties. Mitochondria are the favorite target of melatonin, which maintains them efficiently, scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative damage. Here, we discuss the most recent evidence of dietary melatonin efficacy in age-related skeletal muscle disorders in cellular, preclinical, and clinical studies. Furthermore, we analyze the emerging impact of melatonin on physical activity. Finally, we consider the newest evidence of the gut-muscle axis and the influence of exercise and probably melatonin on the microbiota. In our opinion, this review reinforces the relevance of melatonin as a safe nutraceutical that limits skeletal muscle frailty and prolongs physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Stacchiotti
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.F.); (L.F.R.)
- Interdepartmental University Center of Research “Adaptation and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)”, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-030-3717478; Fax: +39-030-3717486
| | - Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.F.); (L.F.R.)
| | - Luigi Fabrizio Rodella
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.F.); (L.F.R.)
- Interdepartmental University Center of Research “Adaptation and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)”, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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