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Cho H, Kim KM, Kim JY, Youn BY. Twitter Discussions on #digitaldementia: Content and Sentiment Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e59546. [PMID: 39012679 PMCID: PMC11289583 DOI: 10.2196/59546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital dementia is a term that describes a possible decline in cognitive abilities, especially memory, attributed to the excessive use of digital technology such as smartphones, computers, and tablets. This concept has gained popularity in public discourse and media lately. With the increasing use of social media platforms such as Twitter (subsequently rebranded as X), discussions about digital dementia have become more widespread, which offer a rich source of information to understand public perceptions, concerns, and sentiments regarding this phenomenon. OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to delve into a comprehensive content and sentiment analysis of Twitter discussions regarding digital dementia using the hashtag #digitaldementia. METHODS Retrospectively, publicly available English-language tweets with hashtag combinations related to the topic of digital dementia were extracted from Twitter. The tweets were collected over a period of 15 years, from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2022. Content analysis was used to identify major themes within the tweets, and sentiment analysis was conducted to understand the positive and negative emotions associated with these themes in order to gain a better understanding of the issues surrounding digital dementia. A one-way ANOVA was performed to gather detailed statistical insights regarding the selected tweets from influencers within each theme. RESULTS This study was conducted on 26,290 tweets over 15 years by 5123 Twitter users, mostly female users in the United States. The influencers had followers ranging from 20,000 to 1,195,000 and an average of 214,878 subscribers. The study identified four themes regarding digital dementia after analyzing tweet content: (1) cognitive decline, (2) digital dependency, (3) technology overload, and (4) coping strategies. Categorized according to Glaser and Strauss's classifications, most tweets (14,492/26,290, 55.12%) fell under the categories of wretched (purely negative) or bad (mostly negative). However, only a small proportion of tweets (3122/26,290, 11.86%) were classified as great (purely positive) or swell sentiment (mostly positive). The ANOVA results showed significant differences in mean sentiment scores among the themes (F3,3581=29.03; P<.001). The mean sentiment score was -0.1072 (SD 0.4276). CONCLUSIONS Various negative tweets have raised concerns about the link between excessive use of digital devices and cognitive decline, often known as digital dementia. Of particular concern is the rapid increase in digital device use. However, some positive tweets have suggested coping strategies. Engaging in digital detox activities, such as increasing physical exercise and participating in yoga and meditation, could potentially help prevent cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongchan Cho
- Department of Business Administration, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Min Kim
- Department of Health Administration, Gyeonggi University of Science and Technology, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Young Kim
- Medical R&D Center, Bodyfriend Co Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Youn
- Department of Bio-Healthcare, Hwasung Medi-Science University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Horen NM, Sayles J, McDermott K, Sippel-Klug K, Drake-Croft J, Long T. Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health (IECMH) and Early Childhood Intervention: Intentional Integration. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:870. [PMID: 39063447 PMCID: PMC11277513 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21070870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health (IECMH) is a multidisciplinary field of inquiry, practice, and policy concerned with enhancing the social-emotional competence of infants and young children. Early Childhood Intervention (ECI) is a system of services that supports infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families. ECI providers promote a child's development in all domains, including social-emotional. The purpose of this paper is to describe how two systems, Early Childhood Intervention and Infant Early Childhood Mental Health, collaborate when serving children who have developmental delays or disabilities and their families and other caregivers. We will discuss two models used to promote social-emotional development, the Pyramid Model and IECMH Consultation, and provide three examples that demonstrate how ECI and IECMH intersect at both the family, classroom, and system levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal M. Horen
- Center for Child and Human Development, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (J.S.); (K.M.); (K.S.-K.); (J.D.-C.); (T.L.)
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Bruzek JL, Thompson RH, Witts BN. A Review of Crying and Caregiving: Crying as a Stimulus. Perspect Behav Sci 2024; 47:71-105. [PMID: 38660504 PMCID: PMC11035526 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-023-00395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The interactions between infants and caregivers are critical to infant development and caregiver well-being. Traditional developmental research has primarily emphasized the infant's development when studying infant-caregiver interactions, but a less commonly assessed feature of those interactions is the effect of the infant's crying on the caregiver's behavior. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method (Moher et al., Public Library of Science Medicine, 6(7), e1000097, 2009), we conducted a systematic review of the literature evaluating the effects of crying on caregiver behavior. We searched for peer-reviewed articles in the Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection databases that included research studies in which researchers observed and manipulated infant crying and simultaneously measured features of caregiver behavior (actual or analogue). We used this body of literature to evaluate the existing evidence of the effects of crying on caregiver behavior, address the limitations and current gaps in our understanding of those interactions, and identify areas for future behavioral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Bruzek
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA
| | - Rachel H. Thompson
- Psychology Department, Western New England University, Springfield, MA USA
| | - Benjamin N. Witts
- Department of Community Psychology, Counseling, and Family Therapy, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN USA
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Despriee ÅW, Småstuen MC, Glavin K, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Magi CAO, Söderhäll C, Hedlin G, Nordhagen L, Jonassen CM, Rehbinder EM, Nordlund B, Skjerven H. Infant colic and abdominal pain; associations with infant multimorbidity and maternal perceived stress up to 3 months postpartum-A cross-sectional/cohort study in the PreventADALL study. J Clin Nurs 2023; 32:7605-7617. [PMID: 37462350 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The primary aim was to explore whether infants with pain symptoms (colic, abdominal pain and visit to healthcare provider with pain or other discomforts) had increased multimorbidity (common infections, eczema and food sensitivity) compared with infants without these conditions. Secondarily, we aimed to determine whether infant pain symptoms were associated with maternal perceived stress in pregnancy and 3 months postpartum. BACKGROUND Infant colic and abdominal pain are common concerns in early infancy. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, little research exists on the relationship between infant pain and common infant infections, eczema and food sensitization as comorbidities, and the impact of infant pain on the development of maternal perceived stress from pregnancy to infancy is inconsistent. DESIGN This study was cross-sectional and partly prospective. METHODS The sample consisted of mother-infant pairs (N = 1852); information regarding infant pain and multimorbidity was collected from the 3-month questionnaire and postpartum visits in the PreventADALL prospective cohort study. Chi-square tests and regression analyses were conducted. The STROBE checklist was followed. RESULTS Our results showed a statistically significant higher proportion of respiratory and other infections in infants with pain symptoms. The odds of infant pain were higher for infants with multimorbidity compared to those with no comorbidity. Mothers of infants with colic and of infants visiting healthcare with pain and other discomforts reported statistically significant higher perceived stress by 3 months compared with mothers of infants with no reported pain. CONCLUSION Our results indicate an association between infant pain symptoms and the presence of infections. Mothers of infants with colic and visiting healthcare had higher perceived stress compared to the no pain group. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Our study indicates that infant pain is associated with infant multimorbidity and maternal perceived stress, which may be useful when planning diagnostic, treatment and coping strategies in infant and family care. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION The PreventADALL is a collaborative study with governmental and patient organisation representation. Selected infants with parents were also contributing during calibrating courses on eczema assessment for the data collectors. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was approved by the Regional Committee in Norway (2014/518) and Sweden (2014/2242-31/4) and registered at clinicaltrial.gov (NCT02449850). Link for clinical trials: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02449850.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åshild Wik Despriee
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Karin C Lødrup Carlsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline Aleksi Olsson Magi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Hedlin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Christine M Jonassen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
- Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Maria Rehbinder
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Dermatology and Venaerology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Björn Nordlund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håvard Skjerven
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Lux U, Müller M, Reck C, Liel C, Walper S. Linking maternal psychopathology to children's excessive crying and sleeping problems in a large representative German sample-The mediating role of social isolation and bonding difficulties. INFANCY 2023; 28:435-453. [PMID: 36397657 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Attaining self-regulation is a major developmental task in infancy, in which many children show transient difficulties. Persistent, clinically relevant difficulties in self-regulation include excessive crying or sleeping disorders. Many families with affected children are burdened with multiple psychosocial risk. This suggests that regulatory problems are best conceptualized as the maladaptive interplay of overly burdened parents and a dysfunctional parent-child interaction. The current study examines whether social isolation and bonding difficulties function as mediating mechanisms linking maternal psychopathology to (1) children's excessive crying and (2) sleeping problems. The sample comprised N = 6598 mothers (M = 31.51 years) of children between zero to three years of age (M = 14.08 months, 50.1% girls). In addition to socio demographic data, the written questionnaire included information on maternal depression/anxiety, isolation, bonding, and children's regulatory problems. Hypotheses were tested with a mediation model controlling for psychosocial risk and child characteristics. As expected, maternal symptoms of depression/anxiety were linked to infants' excessive crying and sleeping problems. Social isolation and bonding difficulties mediated this association for excessive crying as well as for sleeping problems, but social isolation was a single mediator for sleeping problems only. The findings provide important insights in the mediating pathways linking maternal psychopathology to children's regulatory problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Lux
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Munich, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mitho Müller
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Corinna Reck
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Liel
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Walper
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Munich, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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6
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Demirtas MS, Alici N. YouTube as a source of information on infantile colic. Pediatr Int 2023; 65:e15624. [PMID: 37724598 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND YouTube is increasingly used by patients and parents as a source of information in the field of health. The aim of the study was to measure the quality and reliability levels of the videos published in English on infantile colic (IC) uploaded on YouTube. METHODS A YouTube search was achieved by two authors using the key words "infantile colic," "baby", "colic", "children" and "treatment". Along with the general features of the videos, their quality and reliability were evaluated according to the global quality score (GQS), modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) score. RESULTS Among the 55 videos included in the study, 25 (55.6%) were high quality, 19 (42.2%) medium quality and 11 (2.2%) low quality. The mDISCERN and GQS scores of the videos in the useful group were higher than those in the misleading group (p < 0.001). Videos uploaded by academic institutes and physicians had higher mDISCERN and GQS scores than other groups (p = 0.045, p = 0.005) and positive correlation detected between mDISCERN and GQS scores (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION IC videos broadcasted on YouTube, whose usage rates are increasing with the COVID-19 pandemic, are a useful data source for patients/parents. Digital video resources provided by academic institutions, universities and healthcare professionals can assist physicians and parents in IC pathophysiology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Semih Demirtas
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
- Department of Social Pediatrics, Institute of Child Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurettin Alici
- Department of Pediatrics, Aksaray University Training and Research Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey
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Schnatschmidt M, Lollies F, Schlarb AA. Can a parental sleep intervention in an individual setting improve the maternal and paternal sense of competence and parent-child interaction in parents of young sleep-disturbed children? findings from a single-arm pilot intervention study. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:243. [PMID: 36316716 PMCID: PMC9623967 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00945-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In early childhood sleep and regulatory problems, parental factors are often impaired but essential to overcoming them. This study aims to examine, in parents of young sleep-disturbed children, whether mothers' and fathers' sense of parenting competence were increased and dysfunctional parent-child interactions reduced with a parental sleep intervention, whether these changes were sustained over a 12-month follow-up period and if children's symptomatic parameters could be related factors. METHODS A total of 57 families with sleep-disturbed children aged 6 months to 4 years entered this single-arm pilot study. Each parent pair participated in six weekly individual face-to-face sessions of a multimodal cognitive-behavioral sleep intervention. The Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, Parental Stress Index Short Form, Child's Sleep Diary and Child's Questionnaire on Crying, Eating and Sleeping were obtained pre-, post-, 3, 6 and 12 months after the intervention. RESULTS Maternal sense of competence and dysfunctional mother-child interaction improved significantly up to 6 months after the intervention. Factors related to lower maternal competence were the child's more frequent nightly food intake and more crying due to defiance; factors related to dysfunctional mother-child interaction were more frequent crying episodes, more crying due to defiance and more eating difficulties; factors related to increased maternal competence were less duration of child's night waking, less bed-sharing and lower frequency of crying episodes; factors related to increased paternal competence were less child's nightly food intake and fewer episodes of unexplained and unsoothable crying; and factors related to improved father-child interaction were less frequent child's night waking and fewer unexplained and unsoothable crying episodes. CONCLUSION For parents of sleep-disturbed young children, an intervention that addresses the child's sleep could be promising to increase the parental sense of competence and reduce dysfunctional parent-child interactions, especially for mothers. Child symptomatic parameters may change, together with the parental sense of competence and parent-child interaction of both parents, after the intervention. Mothers with children with more severe symptomatology perceive their parenting competence as lower on average and their mother-child interaction as more dysfunctional. Future research with a larger sample and a randomized controlled design is needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was retrospectively registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (ID: DRKS00028578; registration date: 21.03.2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Schnatschmidt
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy of Childhood and Adolescence, Bielefeld University, P.O.P. 10 01 31, DE-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Friederike Lollies
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy of Childhood and Adolescence, Bielefeld University, P.O.P. 10 01 31, DE-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Angelika A. Schlarb
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy of Childhood and Adolescence, Bielefeld University, P.O.P. 10 01 31, DE-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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Landsem IP, Cheetham NB. Infant sleep as a topic in healthcare guidance of parents, prenatally and the first 6 months after birth: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1135. [PMID: 36076290 PMCID: PMC9454198 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This scoping review focuses on infant sleep-related factors and themes that are relevant when health practitioners provide preventive health services to expectant and new parents. Methods A systematic literature search in CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycINFO, published in 2010 or later, identified 1661 records. The search was further narrowed to focus on sleep in healthy term-born infants until the second half of the first year of life. A blinded review by both authors covered 136 papers, of which 43 papers were reviewed in the full text. Finally, 38 articles were included in the data extraction. Results The analysis process showed that the selected studies formed three main information categories: 11 studies thematised safe infant sleep issues, 10 studies described design and findings from sleep-related intervention studies, and 17 studies focused on different parent-child interactive aspects that may influence the quality and duration of infant sleep in the first six months of life. The main finding is that knowledge about early infant sleep is very complex, and includes both child, parent, and environmental factors. Several studies have shown that the concepts and factors related to safe infant sleep also influence the development of healthy infant sleep patterns. Thus, these aspects are interwoven with each other and should be addressed together in communication with parents. Conclusions Health practitioners with different professional backgrounds need to search for an agreement on when and how different aspects of sleep-related knowledge should be communicated to new and expectant parents to enable the design of national follow-up programs. Parents want coherent and personalized services regarding infant sleep issues that may allow them to choose sleeping arrangements, routines, and behaviors that fit in with their sociocultural attitudes and traditions. Many different sources and formats may be used to empower parents regarding infant sleep issues. Studies have described the use of group or individual meetings, videos, and written materials. The key issue is the importance of consistent and seamless knowledge-based services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Pauline Landsem
- The Arctic University of Norway, The Health Research Faculty, Institute of Health and Caring Science, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019, Tromsø, Norway. .,Child and Adolescent Department, University Hospital of North Norway, Sykehusvegen 38, 9019, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Nina Bøhle Cheetham
- The Arctic University of Norway, The Health Research Faculty, Institute of Health and Caring Science, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
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Adults learn to identify pain in babies' cries. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R824-R825. [PMID: 35944479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Because the expression of pain in babies' cries is based on universal acoustic features, it is assumed that adult listeners should be able to detect when a crying baby is experiencing pain1-3. We report that detecting that a baby's cry expresses pain actually requires learning through experience. Our psychoacoustic experiments reveal that adults with no experience of caring for babies are unable to identify whether a baby's cry is a pain cry induced by vaccination or a mild discomfort cry recorded during a bath, even when they are familiar with the discomfort cries from this particular baby. In contrast, people with prior experience of babies - parents or professional caregivers - identify a familiar baby's pain cries without having heard these cries before. Parents of very young children are even able to identify the pain cries of a baby who is completely unfamiliar to them. Exposure through caregiving and/or parenting thus shapes the auditory and cognitive abilities involved in decoding the information conveyed by the baby's communication signals.
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Peoples SG, Lowell AF, Bunderson M, Bartz C, Yip SW, Rutherford HJ. The effects of prenatal stress on neural responses to infant cries in expectant mothers and fathers. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22280. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.22280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G. Peoples
- Yale Child Study Center Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Amanda F. Lowell
- Yale Child Study Center Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | | | - Cody Bartz
- Yale Child Study Center Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Sarah W. Yip
- Yale Child Study Center Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
- Department of Psychiatry Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
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Hiraoka D, Nomura M, Kato M. Longitudinal Study of Maternal Beliefs About Infant Crying During the Postpartum Period: Interplay With Infant’s Temperament. Front Psychol 2021; 12:786391. [PMID: 34975680 PMCID: PMC8716885 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.786391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant crying is an important signal for their survival and development, and maternal beliefs about crying predict responsiveness to crying. Most studies have considered caregivers’ reactions to crying to be fixed, and it is unclear how they change with their caregiving experience. Additionally, it has recently been suggested that there is a bidirectional relationship between changes in mothers’ beliefs about crying and infants’ temperament. This study examined that relationship using a longitudinal study design. Maternal beliefs about crying and infant temperament of 339 Asian first-time mothers (mean age = 28.7 years, SD = 4.1) were measured at 1-month intervals over 4 months. There were 289 participants in Wave 2, 240 in Wave 3, and 164 in Wave 4. Prior to the main survey, we conducted a pre-survey to confirm the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Infant Crying Questionnaire. The results showed that parent-oriented beliefs, which focus on the caregiver rather than the crying infant, increased in mothers who had infants aged 3 months or older at Wave 1. We also found that the process of change in maternal beliefs was not uniform, and that infants high on surgency predicted changes in maternal beliefs about infant crying. Longitudinal studies of caregivers’ changes, such as the present study, are expected to contribute to understanding the co-development of caregivers and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Hiraoka
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Daiki Hiraoka,
| | - Michio Nomura
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kato
- Center for Baby Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
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Despriee ÅW, Mägi CAO, Småstuen MC, Glavin K, Nordhagen L, Jonassen CM, Rehbinder EM, Nordlund B, Söderhäll C, Carlsen KL, Skjerven HO. Prevalence and perinatal risk factors of parent-reported colic, abdominal pain and other pain or discomforts in infants until 3 months of age - A prospective cohort study in PreventADALL. J Clin Nurs 2021; 31:2784-2796. [PMID: 34704296 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence and perinatal risk factors associated with parent reported colic, abdominal pain and pain or other discomforts in infants until 3 months of age. BACKGROUND Infant colic is a common concern for parents and clinicians. The prevalence varies in different studies and its symptoms overlap with other conditions like abdominal pain and discomfort. Diagnosis criteria are challenging, pathogenesis unclear and risk factors are conflicting. DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study. METHODS The 1852 mother-child pairs from the PreventADALL prospective birth-cohort answering the 3 months questionnaire were included. Information on perinatal risk factors was collected from the inclusion visit and questionnaires during pregnancy at 18 and 34 weeks, as well as birth charts. STROBE checklist was followed. RESULTS The reported prevalence of colic was 3% (59/1852), abdominal pain 22% (415/1852) and pain or other discomfort 6% (119/1852), with a total of 26% (478/1852) infants. Mothers on sick leave in pregnancy and reporting any allergic diseases had a significantly higher odds of reporting infant colic, abdominal pain and pain or other discomforts. Mothers with higher perceived stress in pregnancy exhibited a trend towards higher odds for reporting infant pain. Mothers coming from Sweden were less likely to report infant abdominal pain compared to mothers from Norway. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of abdominal pain and pain or other discomforts was higher than the prevalence of colic. Perinatal risk factors connected to maternal health were associated with all three symptoms. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Colic and abdominal pain are stressful, symptoms overlap and risk factors for both can be identified in pregnancy. Our study suggests that it is difficult for parents to distinguish among infant colic, abdominal pain and other pain or discomfort and some report two or all three symptoms. Identifying the perinatal risk factors associated with infant pain may help target and support parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åshild Wik Despriee
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,VID Specialized University Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline-Aleksi Olsson Mägi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Kari Glavin
- VID Specialized University Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Live Nordhagen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,VID Specialized University Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine M Jonassen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.,Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway
| | - Eva Maria Rehbinder
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Björn Nordlund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Lødrup Carlsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Ove Skjerven
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Khoddam H, Goldenberg D, Stoycos SA, Horton KT, Marshall N, Cárdenas SI, Kaplan J, Saxbe D. How do expectant fathers respond to infant cry? Examining brain and behavioral responses and the moderating role of testosterone. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 15:437-446. [PMID: 32307534 PMCID: PMC7308657 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Expectant parents’ responses to infant cry may indicate future risk and resiliency in the parent-child relationship. Most studies of parental reactivity to infant cry have focused on mothers, and few studies have focused on expectant fathers, although fathers make important contributions to parenting. Additionally, although different responses to infant cry (behavioral, psychological and neural) are hypothesized to track together, few studies have analyzed them concurrently. The current investigation aimed to address these gaps by characterizing multimodal responses to infant cry within expectant fathers and testing whether prenatal testosterone moderates these responses. Expectant fathers responded to infant cry vs frequency-matched white noise with increased activation in bilateral areas of the temporal lobe involved in processing speech sounds and social and emotional stimuli. Handgrip force, which has been used to measure parents’ reactivity to cry sounds in previous studies, did not differentiate cry from white noise within this sample. Expectant fathers with higher prenatal testosterone showed greater activation in the supramarginal gyrus, left occipital lobe and precuneus cortex to cry sounds. Expectant fathers appear to interpret and process infant cry as a meaningful speech sound and social cue, and testosterone may play a role in expectant fathers’ response to infant cry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Khoddam
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Diane Goldenberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sarah A Stoycos
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Katelyn Taline Horton
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Narcis Marshall
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sofia I Cárdenas
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jonas Kaplan
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,Department of Psychology, Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Darby Saxbe
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Holm LV, Jarbøl DE, Christensen HW, Søndergaard J, Hestbæk L. The effect of chiropractic care on infantile colic: results from a single-blind randomised controlled trial. Chiropr Man Therap 2021; 29:15. [PMID: 33874955 PMCID: PMC8054384 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-021-00371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chiropractic care is commonly used to treat infantile colic. However large trials with parental blinding are missing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of chiropractic care on infantile colic. METHOD This is a multicenter, single-blind randomized controlled trial conducted in four Danish chiropractic clinics, 2015-2019. Information was distributed in the maternity wards and by maternal and child health nurses. Children aged 2-14 weeks with unexplained excessive crying were recruited through home visits and randomized (1:1) to either chiropractic care or control group. Both groups attended the chiropractic clinic twice a week for 2 weeks. The intervention group received chiropractic care, while the control group was not treated. The parents were not present in the treatment room and unaware of their child's allocation. The primary outcome was change in daily hours of crying before and after treatment. Secondary outcomes were changes in hours of sleep, hours being awake and content, gastrointestinal symptoms, colic status and satisfaction. All outcomes were based on parental diaries and a final questionnaire. RESULTS Of 200 recruited children, 185 completed the trial (treatment group n = 96; control group n = 89). Duration of crying in the treatment group was reduced by 1.5 h compared with 1 h in the control group (mean difference - 0.6, 95% CI - 1.1 to - 0.1; P = 0.026), but when adjusted for baseline hours of crying, age and chiropractic clinic, the difference was not significant (P = 0.066). The proportion obtaining a clinically important reduction of 1 h of crying was 63% in the treatment group and 47% in the control group (p = 0.037), and NNT was 6.5. We found no effect on any of the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION Excessive crying was reduced by half an hour in favor of the group receiving chiropractic care compared with the control group, but not at a statistically significant level after adjustments. From a clinical perspective, the mean difference between the groups was small, but there were large individual differences, which emphasizes the need to investigate if subgroups of children, e.g. those with musculoskeletal problems, benefit more than others from chiropractic care. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials NCT02595515 , registered 2 November 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Vilstrup Holm
- The Chiropractic Knowledge Hub, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws vej 9A, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Dorte Ejg Jarbøl
- Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws vej 9A, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Wulff Christensen
- The Chiropractic Knowledge Hub, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jens Søndergaard
- Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws vej 9A, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lise Hestbæk
- The Chiropractic Knowledge Hub, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense C, Denmark
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15
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Cabana MD, Wright P, Scozzafava I, Olarte A, DiSabella M, Liu X, Gelfand AA. Newborn Daily Crying Time Duration. J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 56:35-37. [PMID: 33181371 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Current methods for estimating infant crying time are potentially subject to error as they rely on parents to contemporaneously log and calculate crying time. Our aim was to present the average daily infant crying times from a digital recording device, not dependent on parent-based measurement. DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a descriptive longitudinal survey of infant crying times. Parents of healthy, term newborns were provided with voice-activated digital recording devices and asked to record infants continuously for randomly selected 24-hour periods during a 4 week time period. We analyzed the daily crying time for infants at different weeks of life. RESULTS Of 136 families approached, 28 (20.5%) families were consented with 3 families withdrawing and 5 families submitting incomplete datasets, leaving a total of 20 families with complete datasets. During the first week of life, the mean crying time was about 25 minutes/day, which remained stable for the next few weeks until five weeks of life, when mean crying time increased to almost 40 minutes/day with increasing variance. CONCLUSIONS In our study sample, infant mean daily crying times based on objective data were much less than estimates in recent studies. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This study suggests daily crying times measured by digital recorders are less than daily crying times based on parent diaries published in the literature. With the development of new 'apps' to record duration times, it may be clinically inappropriate to compare data based on digital recorders with norms from studies that use parent-reported crying times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Cabana
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Pamela Wright
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), School of Nursing, USA; UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, CA, USA
| | | | - Apryl Olarte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, USA
| | - Marc DiSabella
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Children's National Hospital, DC, USA
| | - Xinyang Liu
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, DC, USA
| | - Amy A Gelfand
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), USA
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16
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Whittingham K, McGlade A, Kulasinghe K, Mitchell AE, Heussler H, Boyd RN. ENACT (ENvironmental enrichment for infants; parenting with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy): a randomised controlled trial of an innovative intervention for infants at risk of autism spectrum disorder. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034315. [PMID: 32819928 PMCID: PMC7440709 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition with impacts on behaviour, cognition, communication, social interaction and family mental health. This paper reports the protocol of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a very early intervention, ENACT (ENvironmental enrichment for infants; parenting with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy), for families of infants at risk of ASD. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We aim to recruit 66 mothers of infants at risk of ASD (ie, infants with a sibling or parent diagnosed with ASD) to this RCT. Families will be randomly assigned to care-as-usual or ENACT. ENACT is a very early intervention, leveraging parent-child interactions to improve early social reciprocity, while supporting parental mental health and the parent-child relationship through Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Intervention content is delivered online (approximately 8 hours) and supported by more than 7 consultations with a clinician. Parents will perform the social reciprocity intervention with their child (30 min per day). Assessments at four time points (baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months corrected age) will assess parent-infant interaction, parental mental health, infant development and early ASD markers. Analysis will be by intention to treat using general linear models for RCTs. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol has been approved by the Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/19/QCHQ/50131) and the University of Queensland Human Research Ethics Committee (2019000558). If efficacy is demonstrated, the intervention has the potential for wide and accessible dissemination. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618002046280).
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Affiliation(s)
- Koa Whittingham
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, UQ Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrea McGlade
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, UQ Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kavindri Kulasinghe
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, UQ Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy E Mitchell
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, UQ Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Honey Heussler
- Mater Medical Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roslyn N Boyd
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, UQ Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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17
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Hiraoka D, Nomura M. The influence of cognitive load on maternal postural sway and heart rate in response to infant vocalizations. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 62:829-840. [PMID: 32092158 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Infants communicate their emotions to their caregivers through cries and laughter. Recent work suggests that adaptive parenting requires cognitive regulation of intuitive behaviors toward infants' signals. In this study, we examined the effects of cognitive regulation on mothers' unconscious behavioral and cardiac responses to infant cries and laughs. In all, 55 mothers took part in this study. To manipulate cognitive load, mothers were asked to memorize alphabet characters (two letters in the low cognitive load condition and eight in the high cognitive load condition). Then, they heard infant vocalizations (cries or laughs) for 6 s. During this time, we measured mothers' behavioral (center of pressure, an index of approach-avoidance behavior) and physiological (heart rate) responses. Regardless of vocalization type (infant cries or laughs), high cognitive load increased mothers' forward movement toward the infant sounds as well as mothers' heart rate. These findings advance our understanding of the link between executive function and maternal response to infant signals by utilizing postural and physiological measures of maternal response during memory tasks that require cognitive resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Hiraoka
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Nomura
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Douglas PS. Pre-emptive Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Theoretical Foundations and Clinical Translation. Front Integr Neurosci 2019; 13:66. [PMID: 31798425 PMCID: PMC6877903 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2019.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are an emergent public health problem, placing significant burden upon the individual, family and health system. ASD are polygenetic spectrum disorders of neural connectome development, in which one or more feedback loops amplify small genetic, structural, or functional variations in the very early development of motor and sensory-motor pathways. These perturbations trigger a 'butterfly effect' of unpredictable cascades of structural and functional imbalances in the global neuronal workspace, resulting in atypical behaviors, social communication, and cognition long-term. The first 100 days post-term are critically neuroplastic and comprise an injury-sensitive developmental window, characterized by a neural biomarker, the persistence of the cortical subplate, and a behavioral biomarker, the crying diathesis. By the time potential diagnostic signs are identified, from 6 months of age, ASD neuropathy is already entrenched. The International Society for Autism Research Special Interest Group has called for pre-emptive intervention, based upon rigorous theoretical frames, and real world translation and evaluation. This paper responds to that call. It synthesizes heterogenous evidence concerning ASD etiologies from both psychosocial and biological research literatures with complexity science and evolutionary biology, to propose a theoretical framework for pre-emptive intervention. This paper hypothesizes that environmental factors resulting from a mismatch between environment of evolutionary adaptedness and culture initiate or perpetuate early motor and sensory-motor lesions, triggering a butterfly effect of multi-directional cascades of atypical developmental in the complex adaptive system of the parent and ASD-susceptible infant. Chronic sympathetic nervous system/hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperarousal and disrupted parent-infant biobehavioral synchrony are the key biologic and behavioral mechanisms perpetuating these atypical developmental cascades. A clinical translation of this evidence is proposed, for application antenatally and in the first 6 months of life, as pre-emptive intervention for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S. Douglas
- Transforming Maternity Care Collaborative, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Discipline of General Practice, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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19
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of postpartum fatigue at 10 days, 1 month and 3 months, and to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of women with fatigue and the associations with infant characteristics, maternal-infant attachment, and partner and midwifery support. SETTING Maternity care in England. Secondary analysis of 2014 National Maternity Survey. PARTICIPANTS Participants were a random sample of 10 000 women selected by the Office for National Statistics using birth registration records. Women aged less than 16 years or if their baby had died were excluded. Questionnaires were sent to women at 3 months post partum and asked about well-being and care during pregnancy, labour, birth and post partum. Specifically, women were asked whether they experienced fatigue/severe tiredness at 10 days, 1 month or 3 months post partum. Responses were received from 4578 women (47% response rate). RESULTS Decreasing but substantial proportions of women, 38.8%, 27.1% and 11.4%, experienced fatigue/severe tiredness at 10 days, 1 month and 3 months, respectively. These figures varied significantly by maternal age, level of deprivation, education and parity. Women reporting depression, anxiety, sleep problems and those breast feeding were at significantly increased risk (eg, OR for depression in women with fatigue at 3 months: 2.99 (95% CI 2.13 to 4.21)). Significantly more negative language was used by these women to describe their babies, and they perceived their baby as more difficult than average (eg, two or more negative adjectives used by women with fatigue at 3 months: OR 1.86 (95% CI 1.36 to 2.54)). Women with postpartum fatigue had greater partner support but were significantly less likely to report seeing the midwife as much as they wanted. CONCLUSIONS Postpartum fatigue is not inevitable or universal, although early in the postnatal period it affects a substantial proportion of women. Predictors include age and parity, but practical help and support from partners and midwives may be protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Henderson
- NPEU, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona Alderdice
- NPEU, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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20
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Hiraoka D, Ooishi Y, Mugitani R, Nomura M. Differential Effects of Infant Vocalizations on Approach-Avoidance Postural Movements in Mothers. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1378. [PMID: 31244745 PMCID: PMC6581724 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant vocalization plays a pivotal role in communicating infant mood to parents and thereby motivating parenting responses. Although many psychological and neural responses to infant vocalization have been reported, few studies have examined maternal approach-avoidance behavior in response to infant vocalization. Thus, this research sought to determine how infant emotional vocalization affects maternal behavior. Twenty mothers participated in this behavioral study, all of whom had infants of 24 months old or less. In the experiment, they stood on a Balance Board that collected real-time data regarding center of pressure (COP), while listening to a series of infant vocalizations including cry, laugh, and babbling. They then listened to the same vocalizations for a second time and rated their felt emotions in response to each vocalization. The participants demonstrated significant postural movements of approaching in response to cry stimuli or to stimuli regarded as highly urgent. In contrast, they demonstrated postural movement of avoidance in response to laugh vocalization. These findings suggest that parenting behavior in response to infant emotional vocalization is regulated not by the pleasant-unpleasant axis but by the urgency of the stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Hiraoka
- Department of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuki Ooishi
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryoko Mugitani
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan.,The Faculty of Integrated Arts and Social Sciences, Japan Women's University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michio Nomura
- Department of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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21
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Alyousefi-van Dijk K, van 't Veer AE, Meijer WM, Lotz AM, Rijlaarsdam J, Witteman J, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. Vasopressin Differentially Affects Handgrip Force of Expectant Fathers in Reaction to Own and Unknown Infant Faces. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:105. [PMID: 31164810 PMCID: PMC6536625 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of paternal responses to infant signals are poorly understood. Vasopressin has previously been proposed to affect these responses. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject design (N = 25 expectant fathers), we examined the effect of vasopressin administration on the use of excessive handgrip force during exposure to infant crying versus matched control sounds, while participants saw morphed images representing their own infant versus an unknown infant. We found that, compared to placebo, AVP administration elicited more excessive force while viewing an unknown infant image compared to viewing the image representing one’s own infant, while the reverse was true under placebo. The results are discussed in light of vasopressin’s role in parenting and parental protection among human fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Alyousefi-van Dijk
- Clinical Child and Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anna E van 't Veer
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Methodology and Statistics Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Willemijn M Meijer
- Clinical Child and Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anna M Lotz
- Clinical Child and Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jolien Rijlaarsdam
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Witteman
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg
- Clinical Child and Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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22
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Miller JE, Hanson HA, Hiew M, Lo Tiap Kwong DS, Mok Z, Tee YH. Maternal Report of Outcomes of Chiropractic Care for Infants. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2019; 42:167-176. [PMID: 31029467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the report by mothers of their infants' condition before and after a trial of care provided by registered chiropractic clinicians in addition to ratings of satisfaction, cost of care, and reports of any adverse events or side effects. A second purpose was to report the demographic profile of infants who presented for care to 16 chiropractic clinics in the United Kingdom. METHODS This observational study prospectively collected reports by mothers of their infants' demographic profiles and outcomes across several domains of infant behavior and their own mental state using the United Kingdom Infant Questionnaire. Participating registered chiropractors were recruited through the Royal College of Chiropractors annual meeting in January 2016, and 15 clinics and the Anglo-European College of Chiropractic University College teaching clinic volunteered to participate. RESULTS In all, 2001 mothers completed intake questionnaires and 1092 completed follow-up forms. Statistically significant (P < .05) improvements were reported across all aspects of infant behavior studied, including feeding problems, sleep issues, excessive crying, problems with supine sleep position, infant pain, restricted cervical range of motion, and time performing prone positioning. Maternal ratings of depression, anxiety, and satisfaction with motherhood also demonstrated statistically significant improvement (P < .05). In total, 82% (n = 797) reported definite improvement of their infants on a global impression of change scale. As well, 95% (n = 475) reported feeling that the care was cost-effective, and 90.9% (n = 712) rated their satisfaction 8 or higher on an 11-point scale. Minor self-limiting side effects were reported (5.8%, n = 42/727) but no adverse events. CONCLUSION In this study, mothers reported that chiropractic care for their infants was effective, safe, and cost-effective. Although the observational design makes it impossible to determine efficacy, the study's findings indicate that, on average, the changes observed by mothers were positive and may be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce E Miller
- Outpatient Teaching Clinic, AECC University College, Bournemouth, Dorset, UK.
| | | | - Mandy Hiew
- AECC University College Teaching Clinic, Bournemouth, Dorset, UK
| | | | - Zicheng Mok
- AECC University College Teaching Clinic, Bournemouth, Dorset, UK
| | - Yun-Han Tee
- AECC University College Teaching Clinic, Bournemouth, Dorset, UK
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23
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SER-PD – Polish adaptation of the My Emotions Scale for the assessment of parents’ emotional reactions to child’s crying. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2018.76188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe Polish adaptation of the My Emotions Scale measuring parental self-reported emotional reactions to a child’s crying is pre-sented. The scale measures parent-oriented (amusement, anxiety, frustration) and infant-oriented (sympathy and empathy) emo-tional reactions to a child’s crying, which has been defined as the most obvious early attachment behaviour.Participants and procedureA total of 495 parents of small children (including 376 mothers, no couples) took part in the study. Females were M = 27.79 (SD = 5.01) years old on average, whereas mean age of men was M = 31.71 (SD = 5.37) years. The majority of participants (74.90%) had one child. The average age of the assessed child was M = 9.17 months (SD = 4.43). Reliability and validity prop-erties of the scale are presented.ResultsThe results confirmed the five-factor model, which showed adequate fit indices. The SER-PD has adequate internal consistency. The criterion-related validity of the scale was established by correlating five dimensions of parental emotional reactions to the child’s crying with measures of dispositional empathy and contextually neutral emotional reactions.ConclusionsThe SER-PD gives the opportunity for broader analyses of the parental responsiveness construct. It is a useful tool to examine parent-child interactions easily and noninvasively, in large samples, and in situations where qualitative data might be difficult to obtain.
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24
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Georg A, Kress S, Taubner S. Strengthening mentalizing in a depressed mother of an infant with sleep disorders. J Clin Psychol 2019; 75:859-873. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Georg
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute for Psychosocial Prevention, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg Germany
| | - Sandra Kress
- Institut für analytische Kinder‐ und Jugendlichen‐ Psychotherapie Heidelberg e.V.Lessingstr. 24 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Svenja Taubner
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute for Psychosocial Prevention, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg Germany
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25
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Daelemans S, Peeters L, Hauser B, Vandenplas Y. Recent advances in understanding and managing infantile colic. F1000Res 2018; 7:F1000 Faculty Rev-1426. [PMID: 30271572 PMCID: PMC6134333 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14940.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A newborn brings joy to the family. Crying belongs to the spectrum of normal behaviour of young infants. However, although it occurs in about 20% of all infants, unsoothable and persistent crying in young infants distresses the family, although it is usually benign. The aetiology of infantile colic remains unknown, although an unbalanced gastro-intestinal microbiome, increased intestinal permeability, and chronic inflammation are involved, as well as behavioural factors, including over- and under-stimulation. It is a challenge for healthcare professionals to decide when organic disease needs to be excluded. Parental stress is a reason for babies to cry more, inducing a vicious cycle. Therefore, parental reassurance with explanatory guidance is the cornerstone of management. The placebo effect is estimated to be as high as 50%. If an intervention is felt to be necessary to offer further support to the baby and family, it is important to choose the options for which there is some efficacy without adverse effects. There is evidence that some specific probiotic strains such as Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 19378, especially in breastfed infants, are effective. However, there are also promising data for some synbiotics and/or killed or tyndallized bacteria, as well as substances decreasing intestinal permeability. Formula management with extensive and/or partial hydrolysates may also bring relief. But, above all, offering parental support remains imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siel Daelemans
- KidZ Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Linde Peeters
- KidZ Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Bruno Hauser
- KidZ Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- KidZ Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
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Holm LV, Jarbøl DE, Christensen HW, Søndergaard J, Hestbæk L. The effect of chiropractic treatment on infantile colic: study protocol for a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Chiropr Man Therap 2018; 26:17. [PMID: 29930798 PMCID: PMC5991429 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-018-0188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infantile colic is a common condition during early childhood affecting around one of six newborns. The condition is characterized by inconsolable crying and fussing in otherwise healthy and thriving infants. The most used definition is excessive crying for at least three hours a day for at least three days for at least three weeks. The cause of colic is still unknown although many hypotheses and thereby many different treatment modalities have been investigated. Chiropractic care is used increasingly in treatment of infants, including for infantile colic, although the evidence worldwide is sparse. A randomized, controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effect of chiropractic treatment on infantile colic. This paper describes the protocol as well as results from a pilot study examining the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention. Method The study is designed as a single-blind randomized, controlled trial. The invited families are residents on the Island of Funen and information about the project is distributed from the maternity wards and health visitors. Children at the age of 2-14 weeks with unexplained excessive crying are screened for eligibility and recruited by the primary investigator through home visits. Eligible children are then randomized to chiropractic treatment or control. All children attend in the chiropractor clinic two times a week for two weeks. The parents are unaware of their child's allocation during the project period. The primary outcome measure is change in daily hours of crying based on the parental diaries.The study intends to include 200 children, and the intervention has, during a pilot study, been found acceptable and feasible among families with newborns. Discussion In a single-blind randomized controlled design we will evaluate the effectiveness of chiropractic treatment on infantile colic. The study will contribute to determine the effect of chiropractic treatment on infantile colic in an area where limited evidence exists. Furthermore, the study aims to explore if subgroups of children with suspected musculoskeletal problems will benefit more from the intervention than others. If they obtain better results, this could imply the need for stratified care. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov and Identifier: NCT02595515 (registered 2 November 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Vilstrup Holm
- Nordic Institute of Chiropractic and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Research Unit of General Practice in Odense, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws vej 9A, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Dorte Ejg Jarbøl
- Research Unit of General Practice in Odense, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws vej 9A, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Wulff Christensen
- Nordic Institute of Chiropractic and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jens Søndergaard
- Research Unit of General Practice in Odense, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws vej 9A, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lise Hestbæk
- Nordic Institute of Chiropractic and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Dept. Of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense C, Denmark
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Development of materials to support parents whose babies cry excessively: findings and health service implications. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2018; 19:320-332. [PMID: 29317013 DOI: 10.1017/s1463423617000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AimTo develop evidence-based materials which provide information and support for parents who are concerned about their baby's excessive crying. As well as meeting these parents' needs, the aim was to develop a package of materials suitable for use by the UK National Health Service (NHS). BACKGROUND Parents report that around 20% of infants in Western countries cry excessively without an apparent reason during the first four months of age. Traditionally, research has focused on the crying and its causes. However, evidence is growing that how parents evaluate and respond to the crying needs to receive equal attention. This focus encompasses parental resources, vulnerabilities, well-being and mental health. At present, the UK NHS lacks a set of routine provisions to support parents who are concerned about their baby's excessive crying. The rationales, methods and findings from a study developing materials for this purpose are reported. METHOD Following a literature review, 20 parents whose babies previously cried excessively took part in focus groups or interviews. They provided reports on their experiences and the supports they would have liked when their baby was crying excessively. In addition, they identified their preferred delivery methods and devices for accessing information and rated four example support packages identified by the literature review.FindingsDuring the period their baby cried excessively, most parents visited a health service professional and most considered these direct contacts to have provided helpful information and support. Websites were similarly popular. Telephones and tablets were the preferred means of accessing online information. Groups to meet other parents were considered an important additional resource by all the parents. Three package elements - a Surviving Crying website, a printed version of the website and a programme of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy-based support sessions delivered to parents by a qualified practitioner, were developed for further evaluation.
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Parenting and sleep in early childhood. Curr Opin Psychol 2017; 15:118-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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