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Windah ALL, Tallei TE, AlShehail BM, Suoth EJ, Fatimawali, Alhashem YN, Halwani MA, AlShakhal MM, Aljeldah M, Alissa M, Alsuwat MA, Almanaa TN, Alshehri AA, Rabaan AA. Immunoinformatics-Driven Strategies for Advancing Epitope-Based Vaccine Design for West Nile Virus. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:906-917. [PMID: 38042341 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The West Nile virus (WNV) is the causative agent of West Nile disease (WND), which poses a potential risk of meningitis or encephalitis. The aim of the study was to design an epitope-based vaccine for WNV by utilizing computational analyses. The epitope-based vaccine design process encompassed WNV sequence collection, phylogenetic tree construction, and sequence alignment. Computational models identified B-cell and T-cell epitopes, followed by immunological property analysis. Epitopes were then modeled and docked with B-cell receptors, MHC I, and MHC II. Molecular dynamics simulations further explored dynamic interactions between epitopes and receptors. The findings indicated that the B-cell epitope QINHHWHKSGSSIG, along with three T-cell epitopes (FLVHREWFM for MHC I, NPFVSVATANAKVLI for MHC II, and NAYYVMTVGTKTFLV for MHC II), successfully passed the immunological evaluations. These four epitopes were further subjected to docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies. Although each demonstrated favorable affinities with their respective receptors, only NAYYVMTVGTKTFLV displayed a stable interaction with MHC II during MDS analysis, hence emerging as a potential candidate for a WNV epitope-based vaccine. This study demonstrates a comprehensive approach to epitope vaccine design, combining computational analyses, molecular modeling, and simulation techniques to identify potential vaccine candidates for WNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axl Laurens Lukas Windah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Trina Ekawati Tallei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
| | - Bashayer M AlShehail
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elly Juliana Suoth
- Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Mana-do 95115, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Fatimawali
- Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Mana-do 95115, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Yousef N Alhashem
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad A Halwani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University. Al Baha 4781, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mouayd M AlShakhal
- Internal Medicine Department, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif 32654, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aljeldah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshari A Alsuwat
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Al-Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed N Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
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Perera DR, Ranadeva ND, Sirisena K, Wijesinghe KJ. Roles of NS1 Protein in Flavivirus Pathogenesis. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:20-56. [PMID: 38110348 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses such as dengue, Zika, and West Nile viruses are highly concerning pathogens that pose significant risks to public health. The NS1 protein is conserved among flaviviruses and is synthesized as a part of the flavivirus polyprotein. It plays a critical role in viral replication, disease progression, and immune evasion. Post-translational modifications influence NS1's stability, secretion, antigenicity, and interactions with host factors. NS1 protein forms extensive interactions with host cellular proteins allowing it to affect vital processes such as RNA processing, gene expression regulation, and cellular homeostasis, which in turn influence viral replication, disease pathogenesis, and immune responses. NS1 acts as an immune evasion factor by delaying complement-dependent lysis of infected cells and contributes to disease pathogenesis by inducing endothelial cell damage and vascular leakage and triggering autoimmune responses. Anti-NS1 antibodies have been shown to cross-react with host endothelial cells and platelets, causing autoimmune destruction that is hypothesized to contribute to disease pathogenesis. However, in contrast, immunization of animal models with the NS1 protein confers protection against lethal challenges from flaviviruses such as dengue and Zika viruses. Understanding the multifaceted roles of NS1 in flavivirus pathogenesis is crucial for effective disease management and control. Therefore, further research into NS1 biology, including its host protein interactions and additional roles in disease pathology, is imperative for the development of strategies and therapeutics to combat flavivirus infections successfully. This Review provides an in-depth exploration of the current available knowledge on the multifaceted roles of the NS1 protein in the pathogenesis of flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayangi R Perera
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka 00300
| | - Nadeeka D Ranadeva
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, KIU Campus Sri Lanka 10120
| | - Kavish Sirisena
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka 00300
- Section of Genetics, Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, Sri Lanka 10120
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Alotaibi F, Aba Alkhayl FF, Foudah AI, Azhar Kamal M, Moglad EH, Khan S, Rehman ZU, Warsi MK, Jawaid T, Alam A. Investigating the effects of four medicinal plants against dengue virus through QSAR modeling and molecular dynamics studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38197579 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2301744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The Dengue virus (DENV) has been increasingly recognized as a prevalent viral pathogen responsible for global transmission of infection. It has been established that DENV's NS5 methyltransferase (MTase) controls viral replication. As a result, NS5 MTase is considered a potentially useful drug target for DENV. In this study, the two phases of virtual screening were conducted using the ML-based QSAR model and molecular docking to identify potential compounds against NS5 of DENV. Four medicinal plants [Aloe vera, Cannabis sativa (Hemp), Ocimum sanctum (Holy Basil; Tulsi), and Zingiber officinale (Ginger)] that showed anti-viral properties were selected for sourcing the phytochemicals and screening them against NS5. Additionally, re-docking at higher exhaustiveness and interaction analysis were performed which resulted in the identification of the top four hits (135398658, 5281675, 119394, and 969516) which showed comparable results with the control Sinefungin (SFG). Post molecular dynamics simulation, 135398658 showed the lowest RMSD (0.4-0.5 nm) and the maximum number of hydrogen bonds (eight hydrogen bonds) after the control while 5281675 and 969516 showed comparable hydrogen bonds to the control. These compounds showed direct interactions with the catalytic site residues GLU111 and ASP131, in addition to this these compounds showed stable complex formation as depicted by principal component analysis and free energy landscape. 135398658 showed lower total binding free energy (ΔGTotal = -36.56 kcal/mol) than the control, while 5281675 had comparable values to the control (ΔGTotal = -34.1 kcal/mol). Overall, the purpose of this study was to identify phytochemicals that inhibit NS5 function, that could be further tested experimentally to treat dengue virus (DENV).Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris F Aba Alkhayl
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed I Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehssan H Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Shamshir Khan
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohiuddin Khan Warsi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Jawaid
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Nogales A, Martínez-Sobrido L, Almazán F. Reverse Genetics of Zika Virus Using a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2733:185-206. [PMID: 38064034 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3533-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne member of the Flaviviridae family that has become a global threat to human health. Although ZIKV has been known to circulate for decades causing mild febrile illness, the more recent ZIKV outbreaks in the Americas and the Caribbean have been associated with severe neurological disorders and congenital abnormalities. The development of ZIKV reverse genetics approaches have allowed researchers to address key questions on the biology of ZIKV by genetically engineering infectious recombinant (r)ZIKV. This has resulted in a better understanding of the biology of ZIKV infections, including viral pathogenesis, molecular mechanisms of viral replication and transcription, or the interaction of viral and host factors, among others aspects. In addition, reverse genetics systems have facilitated the identification of anti-ZIKV compounds and the development of new prophylactic approaches to combat ZIKV infections. Different reverse genetics strategies have been implemented for the recovery of rZIKV. All these reverse genetics systems have faced and overcome multiple challenges, including the viral genome size, the toxicity of viral sequences in bacteria, etc. In this chapter we describe the generation of a ZIKV full-length complementary (c)DNA infectious clone based on the use of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and the experimental procedures for the successful recovery of rZIKV. Importantly, the protocol described in this chapter provides a powerful method for the generation of infectious clones of other flaviviruses with genomes that have stability problems during bacterial propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Nogales
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Almazán
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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Hou W, Huang LJ, Huang H, Liu SL, Dai W, Li ZM, Zhang ZY, Xin SY, Wang JY, Zhang ZY, Ouyang X, Lan JX. Bioactivities and Mechanisms of Action of Diphyllin and Its Derivatives: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. Molecules 2023; 28:7874. [PMID: 38067601 PMCID: PMC10707837 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products are treasure houses for modern drug discovery. Diphyllin is a natural arylnaphthalene lignan lactone isolated from the leaf of Astilboides tabularis. Studies have found that it possesses plenty of bioactivity characteristics. In this paper, we reviewed the structure, bioactivity, and mechanism of action of diphyllin and its derivatives. The references were obtained from PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases up to August 2023. Papers without a bio-evaluation were excluded. Diphyllin and its derivatives have demonstrated V-ATPase inhibition, anti-tumor, anti-virus, anti-biofilm, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activities. The most studied activities of diphyllin and its derivatives are V-ATPase inhibition, anti-tumor activities, and anti-virus activities. Furthermore, V-ATPase inhibition activity is the mechanism of many bioactivities, including anti-tumor, anti-virus, and anti-inflammatory activities. We also found that the galactosylated modification of diphyllin is a common phenomenon in plants, and therefore, galactosylated modification is applied by researchers in the laboratory to obtain more excellent diphyllin derivatives. This review will provide useful information for the development of diphyllin-based anti-tumor and anti-virus compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.-L.L.); (W.D.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.X.); (J.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (X.O.)
| | - Le-Jun Huang
- College of Rehabilitation, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China;
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.-L.L.); (W.D.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.X.); (J.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (X.O.)
| | - Sheng-Lan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.-L.L.); (W.D.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.X.); (J.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (X.O.)
| | - Wei Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.-L.L.); (W.D.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.X.); (J.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (X.O.)
| | - Zeng-Min Li
- Laboratory Animal Engineering Research Center of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China;
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.-L.L.); (W.D.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.X.); (J.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (X.O.)
| | - Su-Ya Xin
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.-L.L.); (W.D.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.X.); (J.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (X.O.)
| | - Jin-Yang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.-L.L.); (W.D.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.X.); (J.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (X.O.)
| | - Zi-Yun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.-L.L.); (W.D.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.X.); (J.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (X.O.)
| | - Xi Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.-L.L.); (W.D.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.X.); (J.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.Z.); (X.O.)
| | - Jin-Xia Lan
- College of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Pinheiro BSS, Rodrigues JG, Dias FCR, de Oliveira Gomes A, de Lucca Moreira Gomes M. Hepatic damage caused by flaviviruses: A systematic review. Life Sci 2023; 331:122074. [PMID: 37683724 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses infect arthropods and mammals and their pathologies are a considerable global health problem, affecting about 400 million people per year. The symptoms of these flaviviruses range from mild manifestations such as nausea, vomiting, and headache to more serious cases such as hemorrhage, meningitis, microcephaly, kidney, and liver failure. This review aims to compile the morphological changes that occur due to infections caused by dengue, yellow fever, and Zika viruses, as well as to describe possible mechanisms of action of such flaviviruses in the liver. PRISMA guidelines were used to search for studies associating flavivirus with liver disorders. Two independent reviewers selected the studies on PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus search platforms. The SYRCLE software was used for the evaluation of the study's quality. Eighteen experimental articles were included. The experimental animals often used in experiments were monkeys (5 %), hamsters (10 %), chicken embryos (10 %), and mice (75 %). It is evident that there is a strong hepatic interaction with flaviviruses, and the main hepatic alterations found were steatosis, apoptosis, necrosis, hemorrhage, elevation of ALT and AST levels, and total bilirubin. Flavivirus infection, in general, trigger an upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to structural changes in mitochondria that activate cascades of cellular death and promote insulin resistance. The majority of the studies primarily focus on dengue and yellow fever viruses, while the findings related to Zika virus exposure are still relatively limited and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Santana Silva Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Julia Gonçalves Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Carolina Ribeiro Dias
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Angelica de Oliveira Gomes
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Marcos de Lucca Moreira Gomes
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil.
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Ravindran S, Lahon A. Tropism and immune response of chikungunya and zika viruses: An overview. Cytokine 2023; 170:156327. [PMID: 37579710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are two medically important vector-borne viruses responsible for causing significant disease burden in humans, including neurological sequelae/complications. Besides sharing some common clinical features, ZIKV has major shares in causing microcephaly and brain malformations in developing foetus, whereas CHIKV causes chronic joint pain/swelling in infected individuals. Both viruses have a common route of entry to the host body. i.e., dermal site of inoculation through the bite of an infected mosquito and later taken up by different immune cells for further dissemination to other areas of the host body that lead to a range of immune responses via different pathways. The immune responses generated by both viruses have similar characteristics with varying degrees of inflammation and activation of immune cells. However, the overall response of immune cells is not fully explored in the context of ZIKV and CHIKV infection. The knowledge of cellular tropism and the immune response is the key to understanding the mechanisms of viral immunity and pathogenesis, which may allow to develop novel therapeutic strategies for these viral infections. This review aims to discuss recent advancements and identify the knowledge gaps in understanding the mechanism of cellular tropism and immune response of CHIKV and ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Ravindran
- Institute of Advanced Virology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695317, India
| | - Anismrita Lahon
- Institute of Advanced Virology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695317, India.
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Dutta SK, Langenburg T. A Perspective on Current Flavivirus Vaccine Development: A Brief Review. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040860. [PMID: 37112840 PMCID: PMC10142581 DOI: 10.3390/v15040860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The flavivirus genus contains several clinically important pathogens that account for tremendous global suffering. Primarily transmitted by mosquitos or ticks, these viruses can cause severe and potentially fatal diseases ranging from hemorrhagic fevers to encephalitis. The extensive global burden is predominantly caused by six flaviviruses: dengue, Zika, West Nile, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis and tick-borne encephalitis. Several vaccines have been developed, and many more are currently being tested in clinical trials. However, flavivirus vaccine development is still confronted with many shortcomings and challenges. With the use of the existing literature, we have studied these hurdles as well as the signs of progress made in flavivirus vaccinology in the context of future development strategies. Moreover, all current licensed and phase-trial flavivirus vaccines have been gathered and discussed based on their vaccine type. Furthermore, potentially relevant vaccine types without any candidates in clinical testing are explored in this review as well. Over the past decades, several modern vaccine types have expanded the field of vaccinology, potentially providing alternative solutions for flavivirus vaccines. These vaccine types offer different development strategies as opposed to traditional vaccines. The included vaccine types were live-attenuated, inactivated, subunit, VLPs, viral vector-based, epitope-based, DNA and mRNA vaccines. Each vaccine type offers different advantages, some more suitable for flaviviruses than others. Additional studies are needed to overcome the barriers currently faced by flavivirus vaccine development, but many potential solutions are currently being explored.
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Wu B, Qi Z, Qian X. Recent Advancements in Mosquito-Borne Flavivirus Vaccine Development. Viruses 2023; 15:813. [PMID: 37112794 PMCID: PMC10143207 DOI: 10.3390/v15040813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lately, the global incidence of flavivirus infection has been increasing dramatically and presents formidable challenges for public health systems around the world. Most clinically significant flaviviruses are mosquito-borne, such as the four serotypes of dengue virus, Zika virus, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and yellow fever virus. Until now, no effective antiflaviviral drugs are available to fight flaviviral infection; thus, a highly immunogenic vaccine would be the most effective weapon to control the diseases. In recent years, flavivirus vaccine research has made major breakthroughs with several vaccine candidates showing encouraging results in preclinical and clinical trials. This review summarizes the current advancement, safety, efficacy, advantages and disadvantages of vaccines against mosquito-borne flaviviruses posing significant threats to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongtian Qi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Xijing Qian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;
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Bost C, Hartlaub J, Pinho Dos Reis V, Strecker T, Seidah NG, Groschup MH, Diederich S, Fischer K. The proprotein convertase SKI-1/S1P is a critical host factor for Nairobi sheep disease virus infectivity. Virus Res 2023; 329:199099. [PMID: 36948228 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV) belongs to the Orthonairovirus genus in the Bunyavirales order and is genetically related to human-pathogenic Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). NSDV is a zoonotic pathogen transmitted by ticks and primarily affects naïve small ruminants in which infection leads to severe and often fatal hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. Despite its veterinary importance and the striking similarities in the clinical picture between NSDV-infected ruminants and CCHFV patients, the molecular pathogenesis of NSDV and its interactions with the host cell are largely unknown. Here, we identify the membrane-bound proprotein convertase site-1 protease (S1P), also known as subtilisin/kexin-isozyme-1 (SKI-1), as a host factor affecting NSDV infectivity. Absence of S1P in SRD-12B cells, a clonal CHO-K1 cell variant with a genetic defect in the S1P gene (MBTPS1), results in significantly decreased NSDV infectivity while transient complementation of SKI-1/S1P rescues NSDV infection. SKI-1/S1P is dispensable for virus uptake but critically required for production of infectious virus progeny. Moreover, we provide evidence that SKI-1/S1P is involved in the posttranslational processing of the NSDV glycoprotein precursor. Our results demonstrate the role of SKI-1/S1P in the virus life cycle of NSDV and suggest that this protease is a common host factor for orthonairoviruses and may thus represent a promising broadly-effective, indirect antiviral target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bost
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Julia Hartlaub
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Strecker
- Institute for Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), affiliated to the University of Montreal, Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sandra Diederich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Kerstin Fischer
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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11
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Vezzani G, Pimazzoni S, Ferranti R, Calò S, Monda G, Amendola D, Frigimelica E, Maione D, Cortese M, Merola M. Human immunoglobulins are transported to HCMV viral envelope by viral Fc gamma receptors-dependent and independent mechanisms. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1106401. [PMID: 36726564 PMCID: PMC9885202 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1106401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegaloviruses (HCMVs) employ many different mechanisms to escape and subvert the host immune system, including expression of the viral IgG Fcγ receptors (vFcγRs) RL11 (gp34), RL12 (gp95), RL13 (gpRL13), and UL119 (gp68) gene products. The role of vFcγRs in HCMV pathogenesis has been reported to operate in infected cells by interfering with IgG-mediated effector functions. We found that gp34 and gp68 are envelope proteins that bind and internalize human IgGs on the surface of infected cells. Internalized IgGs are then transported on the envelope of viral particles in a vFcR-dependent mechanism. This mechanism is also responsible for the incorporation on the virions of the anti-gH neutralizing antibody MSL-109. Intriguingly, we show that gp68 is responsible for MSL-109 incorporation, but it is dispensable for other anti-HCMV antibodies that do not need this function to be transported on mature virions. HCMV-infected cells grown in presence of anti-HCMV monoclonal antibodies generate a viral progeny still infective and possible to be neutralized. This is the first example of a virus carrying neutralizing IgGs on its surface and their possible role is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mirko Cortese
- GSK, Siena, Italy,Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy,Mirko Cortese, ✉
| | - Marcello Merola
- GSK, Siena, Italy,Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,*Correspondence: Marcello Merola, ✉
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12
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Pathogenicity and Structural Basis of Zika Variants with Glycan Loop Deletions in the Envelope Protein. J Virol 2022; 96:e0087922. [PMID: 36377874 PMCID: PMC9749469 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00879-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycan loop of Zika virus (ZIKV) envelope protein (E) contains the glycosylation site and has been well documented to be important for viral pathogenesis and transmission. In the present study, we report that deletions in the E glycan loop, which were recorded in African ZIKV strains previously, have re-emerged in their contemporary Asian lineages. Here, we generated recombinant ZIKV containing specific deletions in the E glycan loop by reverse genetics. Extensive in vitro and in vivo characterization of these deletion mutants demonstrated an attenuated phenotype in an adult A129 mouse model and reduced oral infections in mosquitoes. Surprisingly, these glycan loop deletion mutants exhibited an enhanced neurovirulence phenotype, and resulted in a more severe microcephalic brain in neonatal mouse models. Crystal structures of the ZIKV E protein and a deletion mutant at 2.5 and 2.6 Å, respectively, revealed that deletion of the glycan loop induces encephalitic flavivirus-like conformational alterations, including the appearance of perforations on the surface and a clear change in the topology of the loops. Overall, our results demonstrate that the E glycan loop deletions represent neonatal mouse neurovirulence markers of ZIKV. IMPORTANCE Zika virus (ZIKV) has been identified as a cause of microcephaly and acquired evolutionary mutations since its discovery. Previously deletions in the E glycan loop were recorded in African ZIKV strains, which have re-emerged in the contemporary Asian lineages recently. The glycan loop deletion mutants are not glycosylated, which are attenuated in adult A129 mouse model and reduced oral infections in mosquitoes. More importantly, the glycan loop deletion mutants induce an encephalitic flavivirus-like conformational alteration in the E homodimer, resulting in a significant enhancement of neonatal mouse neurovirulence. This study underscores the critical role of glycan loop deletion mutants in ZIKV pathogenesis, highlighting a need for global virological surveillance for such ZIKV variants.
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13
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Zhou C, Chen Q, Chen Y, Qin CF. Oncolytic Zika Virus: New Option for Glioblastoma Treatment. DNA Cell Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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14
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Khare B, Kuhn RJ. The Japanese Encephalitis Antigenic Complex Viruses: From Structure to Immunity. Viruses 2022; 14:2213. [PMID: 36298768 PMCID: PMC9607441 DOI: 10.3390/v14102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last three decades, several flaviviruses of concern that belong to different antigenic groups have expanded geographically. This has resulted in the presence of often more than one virus from a single antigenic group in some areas, while in Europe, Africa and Australia, additionally, multiple viruses belonging to the Japanese encephalitis (JE) serogroup co-circulate. Morphological heterogeneity of flaviviruses dictates antibody recognition and affects virus neutralization, which influences infection control. The latter is further impacted by sequential infections involving diverse flaviviruses co-circulating within a region and their cross-reactivity. The ensuing complex molecular virus-host interplay leads to either cross-protection or disease enhancement; however, the molecular determinants and mechanisms driving these outcomes are unclear. In this review, we provide an overview of the epidemiology of four JE serocomplex viruses, parameters affecting flaviviral heterogeneity and antibody recognition, host immune responses and the current knowledge of the cross-reactivity involving JE serocomplex flaviviruses that leads to differential clinical outcomes, which may inform future preventative and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baldeep Khare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Richard J. Kuhn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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15
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Chan KR, Ismail AA, Thergarajan G, Raju CS, Yam HC, Rishya M, Sekaran SD. Serological cross-reactivity among common flaviviruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:975398. [PMID: 36189346 PMCID: PMC9519894 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.975398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Flavivirus genus is made up of viruses that are either mosquito-borne or tick-borne and other viruses transmitted by unknown vectors. Flaviviruses present a significant threat to global health and infect up to 400 million of people annually. As the climate continues to change throughout the world, these viruses have become prominent infections, with increasing number of infections being detected beyond tropical borders. These include dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). Several highly conserved epitopes of flaviviruses had been identified and reported to interact with antibodies, which lead to cross-reactivity results. The major interest of this review paper is mainly focused on the serological cross-reactivity between DENV serotypes, ZIKV, WNV, and JEV. Direct and molecular techniques are required in the diagnosis of Flavivirus-associated human disease. In this review, the serological assays such as neutralization tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hemagglutination-inhibition test, Western blot test, and immunofluorescence test will be discussed. Serological assays that have been developed are able to detect different immunoglobulin isotypes (IgM, IgG, and IgA); however, it is challenging when interpreting the serological results due to the broad antigenic cross-reactivity of antibodies to these viruses. However, the neutralization tests are still considered as the gold standard to differentiate these flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Rol Chan
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amni Adilah Ismail
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gaythri Thergarajan
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chandramathi Samudi Raju
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Shamala Devi Sekaran, ; Chandramathi Samudi Raju,
| | - Hock Chai Yam
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Manikam Rishya
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamala Devi Sekaran
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Shamala Devi Sekaran, ; Chandramathi Samudi Raju,
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16
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de Paula Junior VF, van Tilburg MF, Morais PA, Júnior FFM, Lima EG, Oliveira VTDS, Guedes MIF, Caetano EWS, Freire VN. Quantum Biochemistry and MM-PBSA Description of the ZIKV NS2B-NS3 Protease: Insights into the Binding Interactions beyond the Catalytic Triad Pocket. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710088. [PMID: 36077486 PMCID: PMC9456192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus protease NS2B-NS3 has a binding site formed with the participation of a H51-D75-S135 triad presenting two forms, active and inactive. Studies suggest that the inactive conformation is a good target for the design of inhibitors. In this paper, we evaluated the co-crystallized structures of the protease with the inhibitors benzoic acid (5YOD) and benzimidazole-1-ylmethanol (5H4I). We applied a protocol consisting of two steps: first, classical molecular mechanics energy minimization followed by classical molecular dynamics were performed, obtaining stabilized molecular geometries; second, the optimized/relaxed geometries were used in quantum biochemistry and molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) calculations to estimate the ligand interactions with each amino acid residue of the binding pocket. We show that the quantum-level results identified essential residues for the stabilization of the 5YOD and 5H4I complexes after classical energy minimization, matching previously published experimental data. The same success, however, was not observed for the MM-PBSA simulations. The application of quantum biochemistry methods seems to be more promising for the design of novel inhibitors acting on NS2B-NS3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdir Ferreira de Paula Junior
- Biotechnology & Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-859-8541-8255
| | | | - Pablo Abreu Morais
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Campus Horizonte, Horizonte 62884-105, Brazil
| | - Francisco Franciné Maia Júnior
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Matemática e Estatística, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Elza Gadelha Lima
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Ceará (LACEN), Fortaleza 60120-002, Brazil
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17
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Li Q, Kang C. Dengue virus NS4B protein as a target for developing antivirals. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:959727. [PMID: 36017362 PMCID: PMC9398000 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.959727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus is an important pathogen affecting global population while no specific treatment is available against this virus. Effort has been made to develop inhibitors through targeting viral nonstructural proteins such as NS3 and NS5 with enzymatic activities. No potent inhibitors entering clinical studies have been developed so far due to many challenges. The genome of dengue virus encodes four membrane-bound nonstructural proteins which do not possess any enzymatic activities. Studies have shown that the membrane protein-NS4B is a validated target for drug discovery and several NS4B inhibitors exhibited antiviral activities in various assays and entered preclinical studies.. Here, we summarize the recent studies on dengue NS4B protein. The structure and membrane topology of dengue NS4B derived from biochemical and biophysical studies are described. Function of NS4B through protein-protein interactions and some available NS4B inhibitors are summarized. Accumulated studies demonstrated that cell-based assays play important roles in developing NS4B inhibitors. Although the atomic structure of NS4B is not obtained, target-based drug discovery approach become feasible to develop NS4B inhibitors as recombinant NS4B protein is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Biomass High Value Utilization, Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingxin Li, ; Congbao Kang,
| | - Congbao Kang
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Qingxin Li, ; Congbao Kang,
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18
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Doyle MP, Genualdi JR, Bailey AL, Kose N, Gainza C, Rodriguez J, Reeder KM, Nelson CA, Jethva PN, Sutton RE, Bombardi RG, Gross ML, Julander JG, Fremont DH, Diamond MS, Crowe JE. Isolation of a Potently Neutralizing and Protective Human Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Yellow Fever Virus. mBio 2022; 13:e0051222. [PMID: 35420472 PMCID: PMC9239089 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00512-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) causes sporadic outbreaks of infection in South America and sub-Saharan Africa. While live-attenuated yellow fever virus vaccines based on three substrains of 17D are considered some of the most effective vaccines in use, problems with production and distribution have created large populations of unvaccinated, vulnerable individuals in areas of endemicity. To date, specific antiviral therapeutics have not been licensed for human use against YFV or any other related flavivirus. Recent advances in monoclonal antibody (mAb) technology have allowed the identification of numerous candidate therapeutics targeting highly pathogenic viruses, including many flaviviruses. Here, we sought to identify a highly neutralizing antibody targeting the YFV envelope (E) protein as a therapeutic candidate. We used human B cell hybridoma technology to isolate mAbs from circulating memory B cells from human YFV vaccine recipients. These antibodies bound to recombinant YFV E protein and recognized at least five major antigenic sites on E. Two mAbs (designated YFV-136 and YFV-121) recognized a shared antigenic site and neutralized the YFV-17D vaccine strain in vitro. YFV-136 also potently inhibited infection by multiple wild-type YFV strains, in part, at a postattachment step in the virus replication cycle. YFV-136 showed therapeutic protection in two animal models of YFV challenge, including hamsters and immunocompromised mice engrafted with human hepatocytes. These studies define features of the antigenic landscape of the YFV E protein recognized by the human B cell response and identify a therapeutic antibody candidate that inhibits infection and disease caused by highly virulent strains of YFV. IMPORTANCE Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a mosquito-borne virus that occasionally causes outbreaks of severe infection and disease in South America and sub-Saharan Africa. There are very effective live-attenuated (weakened) yellow fever virus vaccines, but recent problems with their production and distribution have left many people in affected areas vulnerable. Here, we sought to isolate an antibody targeting the surface of the virus for possible use in the future as a biologic drug to prevent or treat YFV infection. We isolated naturally occurring antibodies from individuals who had received a YFV vaccine. We created antibodies and tested them. We found that the antibody with the most powerful antiviral activity was a beneficial treatment in two different small-animal models of human infection. These studies identified features of the virus that are recognized by the human immune system and generated a therapeutic antibody candidate that inhibits infection caused by highly virulent strains of YFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joseph R. Genualdi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Adam L. Bailey
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nurgun Kose
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christopher Gainza
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jessica Rodriguez
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kristen M. Reeder
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christopher A. Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Prashant N. Jethva
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rachel E. Sutton
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robin G. Bombardi
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael L. Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Justin G. Julander
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Daved H. Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James E. Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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19
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Ibba R, Riu F, Delogu I, Lupinu I, Carboni G, Loddo R, Piras S, Carta A. Benzimidazole-2-Phenyl-Carboxamides as Dual-Target Inhibitors of BVDV Entry and Replication. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061300. [PMID: 35746771 PMCID: PMC9231222 DOI: 10.3390/v14061300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), also known as Pestivirus A, causes severe infection mostly in cattle, but also in pigs, sheep and goats, causing huge economical losses on agricultural farms every year. The infections are actually controlled by isolation of persistently infected animals and vaccination, but no antivirals are currently available to control the spread of BVDV on farms. BVDV binds the host cell using envelope protein E2, which has only recently been targeted in the research of a potent and efficient antiviral. In contrast, RdRp has been successfully inhibited by several classes of compounds in the last few decades. As a part of an enduring antiviral research agenda, we designed a new series of derivatives that emerged from an isosteric substitution of the main scaffold in previously reported anti-BVDV compounds. Here, the new compounds were characterized and tested, where several turned out to be potent and selectively active against BVDV. The mechanism of action was thoroughly studied using a time-of-drug-addition assay and the results were validated using docking simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ibba
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.I.); (F.R.); (I.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Federico Riu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.I.); (F.R.); (I.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Ilenia Delogu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Ilenia Lupinu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.I.); (F.R.); (I.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Gavino Carboni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Roberta Loddo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Sandra Piras
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.I.); (F.R.); (I.L.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Antonio Carta
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.I.); (F.R.); (I.L.); (A.C.)
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20
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Malonis RJ, Georgiev GI, Haslwanter D, VanBlargan LA, Fallon G, Vergnolle O, Cahill SM, Harris R, Cowburn D, Chandran K, Diamond MS, Lai JR. A Powassan virus domain III nanoparticle immunogen elicits neutralizing and protective antibodies in mice. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010573. [PMID: 35679349 PMCID: PMC9216602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Powassan virus (POWV) is an emerging tick borne flavivirus (TBFV) that causes severe neuroinvasive disease. Currently, there are no approved treatments or vaccines to combat POWV infection. Here, we generated and characterized a nanoparticle immunogen displaying domain III (EDIII) of the POWV E glycoprotein. Immunization with POWV EDIII presented on nanoparticles resulted in significantly higher serum neutralizing titers against POWV than immunization with monomeric POWV EDIII. Furthermore, passive transfer of EDIII-reactive sera protected against POWV challenge in vivo. We isolated and characterized a panel of EDIII-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and identified several that potently inhibit POWV infection and engage distinct epitopes within the lateral ridge and C-C' loop of the EDIII. By creating a subunit-based nanoparticle immunogen with vaccine potential that elicits antibodies with protective activity against POWV infection, our findings enhance our understanding of the molecular determinants of antibody-mediated neutralization of TBFVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Malonis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - George I. Georgiev
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Denise Haslwanter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Laura A. VanBlargan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Georgia Fallon
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Olivia Vergnolle
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Sean M. Cahill
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - David Cowburn
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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21
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Bhide K, Mochnáčová E, Tkáčová Z, Petroušková P, Kulkarni A, Bhide M. Signaling events evoked by domain III of envelop glycoprotein of tick-borne encephalitis virus and West Nile virus in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8863. [PMID: 35614140 PMCID: PMC9133079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus and West Nile virus can cross the blood–brain barrier via hematogenous route. The attachment of a virion to the cells of a neurovascular unit, which is mediated by domain III of glycoprotein E, initiates a series of events that may aid viral entry. Thus, we sought to uncover the post-attachment biological events elicited in brain microvascular endothelial cells by domain III. RNA sequencing of cells treated with DIII of TBEV and WNV showed significant alteration in the expression of 309 and 1076 genes, respectively. Pathway analysis revealed activation of the TAM receptor pathway. Several genes that regulate tight-junction integrity were also activated, including pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, cell-adhesion molecules, claudins, and matrix metalloprotease (mainly ADAM17). Results also indicate activation of a pro-apoptotic pathway. TLR2 was upregulated in both cases, but MyD88 was not. In the case of TBEV DIII, a MyD88 independent pathway was activated. Furthermore, both cases showed dramatic dysregulation of IFN and IFN-induced genes. Results strongly suggest that the virus contact to the cell surface emanates a series of events namely viral attachment and diffusion, breakdown of tight junctions, induction of virus uptake, apoptosis, reorganization of the extracellular-matrix, and activation of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Evelína Mochnáčová
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Tkáčová
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Patrícia Petroušková
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Amod Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovak Republic.,Institute of Neuroimmunology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Mangesh Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovak Republic. .,Institute of Neuroimmunology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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22
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Cai D, Liu L, Tian B, Fu X, Yang Q, Chen J, Zhang Y, Fang J, Shen L, Wang Y, Gou L, Zuo Z. Dual-Role Ubiquitination Regulation Shuttling the Entire Life Cycle of the Flaviviridae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:835344. [PMID: 35602051 PMCID: PMC9120866 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a reversible protein post-translational modification that regulates various pivotal physiological and pathological processes in all eukaryotes. Recently, the antiviral immune response is enhanced by the regulation of ubiquitination. Intriguingly, Flaviviridae viruses can ingeniously hijack the ubiquitination system to help them survive, which has become a hot topic among worldwide researchers. The Flaviviridae family members, such as HCV and CSFV, can cause serious diseases of humans and animals around the world. The multiple roles of ubiquitination involved in the life cycle of Flaviviridae family would open new sight for future development of antiviral tactic. Here, we discuss recent advances with regard to functional roles of ubiquitination and some ubiquitin-like modifications in the life cycle of Flaviviridae infection, shedding new light on the antiviral mechanism research and therapeutic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingxin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Luoping County, Luoping, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liping Gou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhicai Zuo,
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23
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Li Q, Kang C. Structures and Dynamics of Dengue Virus Nonstructural Membrane Proteins. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020231. [PMID: 35207152 PMCID: PMC8880049 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus is an important human pathogen threating people, especially in tropical and sub-tropical regions. The viral genome has one open reading frame and encodes one polyprotein which can be processed into structural and nonstructural (NS) proteins. Four of the seven nonstructural proteins, NS2A, NS2B, NS4A and NS4B, are membrane proteins. Unlike NS3 or NS5, these proteins do not harbor any enzymatic activities, but they play important roles in viral replication through interactions with viral or host proteins to regulate important pathways and enzymatic activities. The location of these proteins on the cell membrane and the functional roles in viral replication make them important targets for antiviral development. Indeed, NS4B inhibitors exhibit antiviral activities in different assays. Structural studies of these proteins are hindered due to challenges in crystallization and the dynamic nature of these proteins. In this review, the function and membrane topologies of dengue nonstructural membrane proteins are presented. The roles of solution NMR spectroscopy in elucidating the structure and dynamics of these proteins are introduced. The success in the development of NS4B inhibitors proves that this class of proteins is an attractive target for antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Biomass High Value Utilization, Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (C.K.)
| | - Congbao Kang
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 10 Biopolis Road, #5-01, Singapore 138670, Singapore
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (C.K.)
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24
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USP38 Inhibits Zika Virus Infection by Removing Envelope Protein Ubiquitination. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102029. [PMID: 34696459 PMCID: PMC8538320 DOI: 10.3390/v13102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, and its infection may cause severe neurodegenerative diseases. The outbreak of ZIKV in 2015 in South America has caused severe human congenital and neurologic disorders. Thus, it is vitally important to determine the inner mechanism of ZIKV infection. Here, our data suggested that the ubiquitin-specific peptidase 38 (USP38) played an important role in host resistance to ZIKV infection, during which ZIKV infection did not affect USP38 expression. Mechanistically, USP38 bound to the ZIKV envelope (E) protein through its C-terminal domain and attenuated its K48-linked and K63-linked polyubiquitination, thereby repressed the infection of ZIKV. In addition, we found that the deubiquitinase activity of USP38 was essential to inhibit ZIKV infection, and the mutant that lacked the deubiquitinase activity of USP38 lost the ability to inhibit infection. In conclusion, we found a novel host protein USP38 against ZIKV infection, and this may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of ZIKV infection.
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25
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Are the Organoid Models an Invaluable Contribution to ZIKA Virus Research? Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101233. [PMID: 34684182 PMCID: PMC8537471 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to prevent new pathogen outbreaks and avoid possible new global health threats, it is important to study the mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis, screen new antiviral agents and test new vaccines using the best methods. In the last decade, organoids have provided a groundbreaking opportunity for modeling pathogen infections in human brains, including Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. ZIKV is a member of the Flavivirus genus, and it is recognized as an emerging infectious agent and a serious threat to global health. Organoids are 3D complex cellular models that offer an in-scale organ that is physiologically alike to the original one, useful for exploring the mechanisms behind pathogens infection; additionally, organoids integrate data generated in vitro with traditional tools and often support those obtained in vivo with animal model. In this mini-review the value of organoids for ZIKV research is examined and sustained by the most recent literature. Within a 3D viewpoint, tissue engineered models are proposed as future biological systems to help in deciphering pathogenic processes and evaluate preventive and therapeutic strategies against ZIKV. The next steps in this field constitute a challenge that may protect people and future generations from severe brain defects.
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26
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NLRP3 Ubiquitination-A New Approach to Target NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168780. [PMID: 34445484 PMCID: PMC8395773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to diverse pathogenic and danger signals, the cytosolic activation of the NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing (3)) inflammasome complex is a critical event in the maturation and release of some inflammatory cytokines in the state of an inflammatory response. After activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a series of cellular events occurs, including caspase 1-mediated proteolytic cleavage and maturation of the IL-1β and IL-18, followed by pyroptotic cell death. Therefore, the NLRP3 inflammasome has become a prime target for the resolution of many inflammatory disorders. Since NLRP3 inflammasome activation can be triggered by a wide range of stimuli and the activation process occurs in a complex, it is difficult to target the NLRP3 inflammasome. During the activation process, various post-translational modifications (PTM) of the NLRP3 protein are required to form a complex with other components. The regulation of ubiquitination and deubiquitination of NLRP3 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for NLRP3 inflammasome-associated inflammatory disorders. In this review, we discuss the ubiquitination and deubiquitination system for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the inhibitors that can be used as potential therapeutic agents to modulate the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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27
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Ahmed W, Neelakanta G, Sultana H. Tetraspanins as Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Targeting Flaviviruses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:630571. [PMID: 33968023 PMCID: PMC8097176 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.630571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanin family of proteins participates in numerous fundamental signaling pathways involved in viral transmission, virus-specific immunity, and virus-mediated vesicular trafficking. Studies in the identification of novel therapeutic candidates and strategies to target West Nile virus, dengue and Zika viruses are highly warranted due to the failure in development of vaccines. Recent evidences have shown that the widely distributed tetraspanin proteins may provide a platform for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss the diversified and important functions of tetraspanins in exosome/extracellular vesicle biology, virus-host interactions, virus-mediated vesicular trafficking, modulation of immune mechanism(s), and their possible role(s) in host antiviral defense mechanism(s) through interactions with noncoding RNAs. We also highlight the role of tetraspanins in the development of novel therapeutics to target arthropod-borne flaviviral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Girish Neelakanta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Hameeda Sultana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
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28
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Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), member of the family Flaviviridae belonging to genus Flavivirus, is an arthropod-borne virus. The ZIKV is known to cause severe congenital birth defects in neonates. Due to a large number of worldwide outbreaks and associated neurological complications with ZIKV, a public health emergency was declared by the World Health Organization on February 1, 2016. The virus exhibits neurotropism and has a specific propensity towards neural precursor cells of the developing brain. In utero ZIKV infection causes massive cell death in the developing brain resulting in various motor and cognitive disabilities in newborns. The virus modulates cell machinery at several levels to replicate itself and inhibits toll like receptors-3 signalling, deregulates microRNA circuitry and induces a chronic inflammatory response in affected cells. Several significant advances have been made to understand the mechanisms of neuropathogenesis, its prevention and treatment. The current review provides an update on cellular and molecular mechanisms of ZIKV-induced alterations in the function of various brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Bhagat
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, India; Department of Genetics, Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Guneet Kaur
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, India
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, India
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29
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Fahad AS, Timm MR, Madan B, Burgomaster KE, Dowd KA, Normandin E, Gutiérrez-González MF, Pennington JM, De Souza MO, Henry AR, Laboune F, Wang L, Ambrozak DR, Gordon IJ, Douek DC, Ledgerwood JE, Graham BS, Castilho LR, Pierson TC, Mascola JR, DeKosky BJ. Functional Profiling of Antibody Immune Repertoires in Convalescent Zika Virus Disease Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:615102. [PMID: 33732238 PMCID: PMC7959826 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.615102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The re-emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) caused widespread infections that were linked to Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and congenital malformation in fetuses, and epidemiological data suggest that ZIKV infection can induce protective antibody responses. A more detailed understanding of anti-ZIKV antibody responses may lead to enhanced antibody discovery and improved vaccine designs against ZIKV and related flaviviruses. Here, we applied recently-invented library-scale antibody screening technologies to determine comprehensive functional molecular and genetic profiles of naturally elicited human anti-ZIKV antibodies in three convalescent individuals. We leveraged natively paired antibody yeast display and NGS to predict antibody cross-reactivities and coarse-grain antibody affinities, to perform in-depth immune profiling of IgM, IgG, and IgA antibody repertoires in peripheral blood, and to reveal virus maturation state-dependent antibody interactions. Repertoire-scale comparison of ZIKV VLP-specific and non-specific antibodies in the same individuals also showed that mean antibody somatic hypermutation levels were substantially influenced by donor-intrinsic characteristics. These data provide insights into antiviral antibody responses to ZIKV disease and outline systems-level strategies to track human antibody immune responses to emergent viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Fahad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Morgan R. Timm
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bharat Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Katherine E. Burgomaster
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Dowd
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Erica Normandin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Joseph M. Pennington
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | | | - Amy R. Henry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Farida Laboune
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lingshu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David R. Ambrozak
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ingelise J. Gordon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Julie E. Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Leda R. Castilho
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, Cell Culture Engineering Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Theodore C. Pierson
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Brandon J. DeKosky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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30
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Saade M, Ferrero DS, Blanco-Ameijeiras J, Gonzalez-Gobartt E, Flores-Mendez M, Ruiz-Arroyo VM, Martínez-Sáez E, Ramón Y Cajal S, Akizu N, Verdaguer N, Martí E. Multimerization of Zika Virus-NS5 Causes Ciliopathy and Forces Premature Neurogenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:920-936.e8. [PMID: 33147489 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZikV) is a flavivirus that infects neural tissues, causing congenital microcephaly. ZikV has evolved multiple mechanisms to restrict proliferation and enhance cell death, although the underlying cellular events involved remain unclear. Here we show that the ZikV-NS5 protein interacts with host proteins at the base of the primary cilia in neural progenitor cells, causing an atypical non-genetic ciliopathy and premature neuron delamination. Furthermore, in human microcephalic fetal brain tissue, ZikV-NS5 persists at the base of the motile cilia in ependymal cells, which also exhibit a severe ciliopathy. Although the enzymatic activity of ZikV-NS5 appears to be dispensable, the amino acids Y25, K28, and K29 that are involved in NS5 oligomerization are essential for localization and interaction with components of the cilium base, promoting ciliopathy and premature neurogenesis. These findings lay the foundation for therapies that target ZikV-NS5 multimerization and prevent the developmental malformations associated with congenital Zika syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Saade
- Developmental Biology Department, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Diego S Ferrero
- Structural Biology Department, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - José Blanco-Ameijeiras
- Developmental Biology Department, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Gobartt
- Developmental Biology Department, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marco Flores-Mendez
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Victor M Ruiz-Arroyo
- Structural Biology Department, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez-Sáez
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Santiago Ramón Y Cajal
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Naiara Akizu
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nuria Verdaguer
- Structural Biology Department, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elisa Martí
- Developmental Biology Department, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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31
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Antiviral effect of silymarin against Zika virus in vitro. Acta Trop 2020; 211:105613. [PMID: 32621935 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic and its association with severe neurological syndromes have raised worldwide concern. Despite the great clinical relevance of this infection, no vaccine or specific treatment is available and the search for antiviral compounds against ZIKV is extremely necessary. Several natural compounds, such as silymarin, exhibit antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and antiviral properties; however, the antiviral potential of this compound remains partially investigated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the antiviral activity of silymarin against ZIKV infection. Global antiviral activity, dose-dependent, plaque reduction, and time-of-drug-addition assays were used to determine the anti-ZIKV activity of silymarin. Additionally, to start characterizing the mechanisms of action we determined whether silymarin could have a virucidal effect and inhibit viral adsorption and penetration stages. Regarding its global antiviral activity, silymarin showed significant inhibition of ZIKV infection, protecting cells infected with EC50 equal to 34.17μg/mL, with a selectivity index greater than 17 and 4x greater than that of the positive control (ribavirin). Its greatest efficiency was achieved at 125μg/mL, whose cell viability did not differ from the control without infection and treatment. Furthermore, treatment with silymarin reduced viral load by up to two logs (> 90%) concerning viral control, when evaluating virucidal activity and the precocious times of infection. Thus, our results set to show the promising anti-ZIKV activity of silymarin, which does not seem to have a single inhibition mechanism, acting at different times of infection, and still has the advantage of silymarin be a phytotherapy already available on the market.
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32
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Sharma N, Prosser O, Kumar P, Tuplin A, Giri R. Small molecule inhibitors possibly targeting the rearrangement of Zika virus envelope protein. Antiviral Res 2020; 182:104876. [PMID: 32783901 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The recurrent public health threat imposed by Zika Virus (ZIKV) in various geographical areas necessitates the immediate development of antiviral compounds or vaccines. Flaviviral Envelope (E) proteins are essential for host-cell recognition and virion entry. Consequently, they represent an important target for antiviral therapy, with the aim of preventing viral spread during early stages of infection. Due to conformational rearrangement during entry, flavivirus E proteins present several alternative conformations as potential antiviral targets - for blocking entry or virus-host membrane fusion. We previously identified a conserved hydrophobic region, between DI/DIII of ZIKV E protein, with potential to act as an antiviral target. Here, we screened commercially available antiviral compound libraries against ZIKV E protein, using a structure-based drug discovery approach. The antiviral efficacy of the top ten screened compounds were experimentally validated for inhibition of ZIKV replication in Vero Cells. Compound F1065-0358 was observed to inhibit ZIKV replication with an IC50 of 14.0 μM. Ligand-protein complex molecular dynamic simulations confirmed the stability of ligand binding up to 100 ns. Together, results from this study indicate that F1065-0358 functions as a ZIKV virus inhibitor by interfering E protein conformational rearrangement. Furthermore, given that F1065-0358 interacts with highly conserved residues of E protein, this raises the potential for its efficacy against other pathogenic flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Sharma
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Oliver Prosser
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Prateek Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Andrew Tuplin
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rajanish Giri
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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33
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Sharma N, Kumar P, Giri R. Polysaccharides like pentagalloylglucose, parishin a and stevioside inhibits the viral entry by binding the Zika virus envelope protein. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:6008-6020. [PMID: 32705969 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1797538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ZIKV belongs to a flavivirus family in which class II fusion proteins involve a low pH-dependent membrane fusion leading to infection of host cells. Envelope (E) protein is primarily responsible for the viral host membrane fusion and is the major target for inhibiting viral entry. Our findings reveal that compounds like PGG, Parishin A, and Stevioside have shown a high affinity for E protein and found to be active against various other viral infections. The binding of these molecules to E protein was found to decrease the RMSD and RMSF values of the ligand protein complex and restricted the Radius of Gyration in molecular dynamics simulation analysis. Further, the binding free energy calculations suggested the stability of complexes throughout simulations trajectory that could reduce the flexibility of the linker so as to block the folding back event of membrane fusion. A recent study has shown that PGG inhibits the early stages of viral entry in HCV and ZIKV. Therefore, we propose that PGG inhibits the entry of virion via binding the E protein and restricting the conformational rearrangement during membrane fusion.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Sharma
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Prateek Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajanish Giri
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, India
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34
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Envelope protein ubiquitination drives entry and pathogenesis of Zika virus. Nature 2020; 585:414-419. [PMID: 32641828 PMCID: PMC7501154 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2457-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the Flaviviridae family and is related to other viruses that cause human diseases. Unlike other flaviviruses, ZIKV infection can cause congenital neurologic disorders and replicates efficiently in reproductive tissues1–3,. Here, we show that ZIKV envelope (E) protein is K63-linked polyubiquitinated by the E3-ubiquitin ligase TRIM7. Accordingly, ZIKV replicates less efficiently in brain and reproductive tissues of Trim7−/− mice. Ubiquitinated E is present on infectious Zika virions when released from specific cell types and enhances virus attachment and entry into cells. Specifically, K63-linked polyubiquitin chains directly interact with the Tim-1 (HAVCR1) receptor, enhancing virus replication in cells and in vivo in brain tissue. Recombinant ZIKV mutants lacking ubiquitination are attenuated in human cells and in a mouse model, but not in live mosquitoes. Monoclonal antibodies against K63-linked polyubiquitin specifically neutralize ZIKV and reduce viremia in mice. Collectively, the results demonstrate that ubiquitination of ZIKV E is an important determinant of virus entry, tropism and pathogenesis.
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Zhao D, Zhang L, Han K, Liu Q, Yang J, Huang X, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhao P. Peptide inhibitors of tembusu virus infection derived from the envelope protein. Vet Microbiol 2020; 245:108708. [PMID: 32456819 PMCID: PMC7204726 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak and spread of Tembusu virus (TMUV) has caused very large losses in the waterfowl-breeding industry since 2010. The viral envelope (E) protein, the principal surface protein of viral particles, plays a vital role in viral entry and fusion. In this study, two peptides derived from domain II (DII) and the stem of the TMUV envelope protein, TP1 and TP2, respectively, were tested for their antiviral activity. TP1 and TP2 inhibited TMUV infection in BHK-21 cells, and their 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were 14.19 mg/L and 7.64 mg/L, respectively. Viral inhibition assays in different cell lines of avian origin showed that the inhibitory effects of TP1 and TP2 are not cell type dependent. Moreover, TP2 also exhibited inhibitory activity against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection. The two peptides inhibited antibody-mediated TMUV infection of duck peripheral blood lymphocytes. Co-immunoprecipitation assays and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) indicated that both peptides interact with the surface of the TMUV virion. RNase digestion assays confirmed the release of viral RNA following incubation with TP1, while incubation with TP1 or TP2 interfered with the binding between TMUV and cells. Taken together, these results show that TP1 and TP2 may be developed into antiviral treatments against TMUV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Zhao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Lijiao Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Kaikai Han
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Qingtao Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xinmei Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yuzhuo Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong province, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China.
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Insights into Structures and Dynamics of Flavivirus Proteases from NMR Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072527. [PMID: 32260545 PMCID: PMC7177695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy plays important roles in structural biology and drug discovery, as it is a powerful tool to understand protein structures, dynamics, and ligand binding under physiological conditions. The protease of flaviviruses is an attractive target for developing antivirals because it is essential for the maturation of viral proteins. High-resolution structures of the proteases in the absence and presence of ligands/inhibitors were determined using X-ray crystallography, providing structural information for rational drug design. Structural studies suggest that proteases from Dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) exist in open and closed conformations. Solution NMR studies showed that the closed conformation is predominant in solution and should be utilized in structure-based drug design. Here, we reviewed solution NMR studies of the proteases from these viruses. The accumulated studies demonstrated that NMR spectroscopy provides additional information to understand conformational changes of these proteases in the absence and presence of substrates/inhibitors. In addition, NMR spectroscopy can be used for identifying fragment hits that can be further developed into potent protease inhibitors.
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Taguwa S, Yeh MT, Rainbolt TK, Nayak A, Shao H, Gestwicki JE, Andino R, Frydman J. Zika Virus Dependence on Host Hsp70 Provides a Protective Strategy against Infection and Disease. Cell Rep 2020; 26:906-920.e3. [PMID: 30673613 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV), which causes neurological disorders and microcephaly, highlights the need for countermeasures against sudden viral epidemics. Here, we tested the concept that drugs targeting host proteostasis provide effective antivirals. We show that different cytosolic Hsp70 isoforms are recruited to ZIKV-induced compartments and are required for virus replication at pre- and post-entry steps. Drugs targeting Hsp70 significantly reduce replication of different ZIKV strains in human and mosquito cells, including human neural stem cells and a placental trophoblast cell line, at doses without appreciable toxicity to the host cell. By targeting several ZIKV functions, including entry, establishment of active replication complexes, and capsid assembly, Hsp70 inhibitors are refractory to the emergence of drug-resistant virus. Importantly, these drugs protected mouse models from ZIKV infection, reducing viremia, mortality, and disease symptoms. Hsp70 inhibitors are thus attractive candidates for ZIKV therapeutics with the added benefit of a broad spectrum of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Taguwa
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ming-Te Yeh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - T Kelly Rainbolt
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arabinda Nayak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hao Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Raul Andino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Judith Frydman
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Double Lock of a Human Neutralizing and Protective Monoclonal Antibody Targeting the Yellow Fever Virus Envelope. Cell Rep 2020; 26:438-446.e5. [PMID: 30625326 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV), a deadly human pathogen, is the prototype of the genus Flavivirus. Recently, YFV re-emerged in Africa and Brazil, leading to hundreds of deaths, with some cases imported to China. Prophylactic or therapeutic countermeasures are urgently needed. Previously, several human monoclonal antibodies against YFV were screened out by phage display. Here, we find that one of them, 5A, exhibits high neutralizing potency and good protection. Crystallographic analysis of the YFV envelope (E) protein in its pre- and post-fusion states shows conformations similar to those observed in other E proteins of flaviviruses. Furthermore, the structures of 5A in complex with the E protein in both states are resolved, revealing an invariant recognition site. Structural analysis and functional data suggest that 5A has high neutralization potency because it interferes with virus entry by preventing both virus attachment and fusion. These findings will be instrumental for immunogen or inhibitor design.
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Generation and Characterization of a Polyclonal Antibody Against NS1 Protein for Detection of Zika Virus. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.96070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Wang L, Liang R, Gao Y, Li Y, Deng X, Xiang R, Zhang Y, Ying T, Jiang S, Yu F. Development of Small-Molecule Inhibitors Against Zika Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2725. [PMID: 31866959 PMCID: PMC6909824 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the outbreak of infectious disease caused by Zika virus (ZIKV) has posed a major threat to global public health, calling for the development of therapeutics to treat ZIKV disease. Here, we have described the different stages of the ZIKV life cycle and summarized the latest progress in the development of small-molecule inhibitors against ZIKV infection. We have also discussed some general strategies for the discovery of small-molecule ZIKV inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ruiying Liang
- College of Life and Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yaning Gao
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbai Li
- College of Life and Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoqian Deng
- College of Life and Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- College of Life and Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yina Zhang
- College of Life and Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Tianlei Ying
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Life and Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Wei J, Hameed M, Wang X, Zhang J, Guo S, Anwar MN, Pang L, Liu K, Li B, Shao D, Qiu Y, Zhong D, Zhou B, Ma Z. Antiviral activity of phage display-selected peptides against Japanese encephalitis virus infection in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res 2019; 174:104673. [PMID: 31812636 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV) is a zoonotic flavivirus that is the most significant etiological agent of childhood viral neurological infections. However, no specific antiviral drug is currently available to treat JEV infections. The JEV envelope (E) protein is a class II viral fusion protein that mediates host cell entry, making interference with the interaction between the E protein of JEV and its cognate receptors an attractive strategy for anti-JEV drug development. In this study, we identified a peptide derived from a phage display peptide library against the E protein of JEV, designated P1, that potentially inhibits in vitro and in vivo JEV infections. P1 inhibits JEV infection in BHK-21 cells with 50% inhibitory capacity at a concentration of 35.9 μM. The time-of-addition assay indicates that JEV replication is significantly inhibited during pre-infection and co-infection of P1 with JEV while post-infection treatments with P1 have very little impact on JEV proliferation, showing that P1 inhibits JEV infection at early stages and indicating the potential prophylactic effect of P1. We adapted an in vitro BiFC assay system and demonstrated that P1 interacts with JEV E proteins and blocks their entry into cells. We also evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of P1 in a lethal JEV mouse model exhibiting systemic and brain infections. Interestingly, P1 treatment protected C57BL/6 mice against mortality, markedly reduced the viral loads in blood and brain, and diminished the histopathological lesions in the brain cells. In addition to controlling systemic infection, P1 has a very low level of cytotoxicity and acts in a sequence-specific manner, as scrambled peptide sP1 does not show any antiviral activity. In conclusion, our in vitro and in vivo experimental findings show that P1 possesses antiviral activity against JEV infections, is safe to use, and has potential for further development as an antiviral treatment against JEV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Muddassar Hameed
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture and Forestry, Shanghai, 201600, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Naveed Anwar
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Pang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghua Shao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafeng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengke Zhong
- Shanghai Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture and Forestry, Shanghai, 201600, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China.
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Bos S, Viranaicken W, Frumence E, Li G, Desprès P, Zhao RY, Gadea G. The Envelope Residues E152/156/158 of Zika Virus Influence the Early Stages of Virus Infection in Human Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111444. [PMID: 31731738 PMCID: PMC6912530 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging infections of mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) pose an increasing threat to human health, as documented over the recent years in South Pacific islands and the Americas in recent years. To better understand molecular mechanisms underlying the increase in human cases with severe pathologies, we recently demonstrated the functional roles of structural proteins capsid (C), pre-membrane (prM), and envelop (E) of ZIKV epidemic strains with the initiation of viral infection in human cells. Specifically, we found that the C-prM region contributes to permissiveness of human host cells to ZIKV infection and ZIKV-induced cytopathic effects, whereas the E protein is associated with viral attachment and early infection. In the present study, we further characterize ZIKV E proteins by investigating the roles of residues isoleucine 152 (Ile152), threonine 156 (Thr156), and histidine 158 (His158) (i.e., the E-152/156/158 residues), which surround a unique N-glycosylation site (E-154), in permissiveness of human host cells to epidemic ZIKV infection. For comparison purpose, we generated mutant molecular clones of epidemic BeH819015 (BR15) and historical MR766-NIID (MR766) strains that carry each other's E-152/156/158 residues, respectively. We observed that the BR15 mutant containing the E-152/156/158 residues from MR766 was less infectious in A549-Dual™ cells than parental virus. In contrast, the MR766 mutant containing E-152/156/158 residues from BR15 displayed increased infectivity. The observed differences in infectivity were, however, not correlated with changes in viral binding onto host-cells or cellular responses to viral infection. Instead, the E-152/156/158 residues from BR15 were associated with an increased efficiency of viral membrane fusion inside infected cells due to conformational changes of E protein that enhance exposure of the fusion loop. Our data highlight an important contribution of E-152/156/158 residues to the early steps of ZIKV infection in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Bos
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (S.B.); (W.V.); (E.F.); (P.D.)
| | - Wildriss Viranaicken
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (S.B.); (W.V.); (E.F.); (P.D.)
| | - Etienne Frumence
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (S.B.); (W.V.); (E.F.); (P.D.)
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Philippe Desprès
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (S.B.); (W.V.); (E.F.); (P.D.)
| | - Richard Y. Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Institute of Global Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: (R.Y.Z.); (G.G.); Tel.: +33-262-262-938-806 (G.G.)
| | - Gilles Gadea
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (S.B.); (W.V.); (E.F.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: (R.Y.Z.); (G.G.); Tel.: +33-262-262-938-806 (G.G.)
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Atlastin Endoplasmic Reticulum-Shaping Proteins Facilitate Zika Virus Replication. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01047-19. [PMID: 31534046 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01047-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site for Zika virus (ZIKV) replication and is central to the cytopathic effects observed in infected cells. ZIKV induces the formation of ER-derived large cytoplasmic vacuoles followed by "implosive" cell death. Little is known about the nature of the ER factors that regulate flavivirus replication. Atlastins (ATL1, -2, and -3) are dynamin-related GTPases that control the structure and the dynamics of the ER membrane. We show here that ZIKV replication is significantly decreased in the absence of ATL proteins. The appearance of infected cells is delayed, the levels of intracellular viral proteins and released virus are reduced, and the cytopathic effects are strongly impaired. We further show that ATL3 is recruited to viral replication sites and interacts with the nonstructural viral proteins NS2A and NS2B3. Thus, proteins that shape and maintain the ER tubular network ensure efficient ZIKV replication.IMPORTANCE Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging virus associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome, and fetal microcephaly as well as other neurological complications. There is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment against ZIKV. We found that endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-shaping atlastin proteins (ATL1, -2, and -3), which induce ER membrane fusion, facilitate ZIKV replication. We show that ATL3 is recruited to the viral replication site and colocalize with the viral proteins NS2A and NS2B3. The results provide insights into host factors used by ZIKV to enhance its replication.
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Yellow Fever: Integrating Current Knowledge with Technological Innovations to Identify Strategies for Controlling a Re-Emerging Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100960. [PMID: 31627415 PMCID: PMC6832525 DOI: 10.3390/v11100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) represents a re-emerging zoonotic pathogen, transmitted by mosquito vectors to humans from primate reservoirs. Sporadic outbreaks of YFV occur in endemic tropical regions, causing a viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) associated with high mortality rates. Despite a highly effective vaccine, no antiviral treatments currently exist. Therefore, YFV represents a neglected tropical disease and is chronically understudied, with many aspects of YFV biology incompletely defined including host range, host–virus interactions and correlates of host immunity and pathogenicity. In this article, we review the current state of YFV research, focusing on the viral lifecycle, host responses to infection, species tropism and the success and associated limitations of the YFV-17D vaccine. In addition, we highlight the current lack of available treatments and use publicly available sequence and structural data to assess global patterns of YFV sequence diversity and identify potential drug targets. Finally, we discuss how technological advances, including real-time epidemiological monitoring of outbreaks using next-generation sequencing and CRISPR/Cas9 modification of vector species, could be utilized in future battles against this re-emerging pathogen which continues to cause devastating disease.
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Martinez-Lopez A, Persaud M, Chavez MP, Zhang H, Rong L, Liu S, Wang TT, Sarafianos SG, Diaz-Griffero F. Glycosylated diphyllin as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent against Zika virus. EBioMedicine 2019; 47:269-283. [PMID: 31501074 PMCID: PMC6796538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flaviviruses such as Zika cause sporadic pandemic outbreaks worldwide. There is an urgent need for anti-Zika virus (ZIKV) drugs to prevent mother-to-child transmission of ZIKV, new infections in high-risk populations, and the infection of medical personnel in ZIKV-affected areas. Methods Here, we showed that the small molecule 6-deoxyglucose-diphyllin (DGP) exhibited anti-ZIKV activity both in vitro and in vivo. DGP potently blocked ZIKV infection across all human and monkey cell lines tested. DGP also displayed broad-spectrum antiviral activity against other flaviviruses. Remarkably, DGP prevented ZIKV-induced mortality in mice lacking the type I interferon receptor (Ifnar1−/−). Cellular and virological experiments showed that DGP blocked ZIKV at a pre-fusion step or during fusion, which prevented the delivery of viral contents into the cytosol of the target cell. Mechanistic studies revealed that DGP prevented the acidification of endosomal/lysosomal compartments in target cells, thus inhibiting ZIKV fusion with cellular membranes and infection. Findings These investigations revealed that DGP inhibits ZIKV infection in vitro and in vivo. Interpretation The small molecule DGP has great potential for preclinical studies and the ability to inhibit ZIKV infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Martinez-Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Mirjana Persaud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Maritza Puray Chavez
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology Emory University, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Rong
- Microbiology and Immunology College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shufeng Liu
- Laboratory of Vector-borne Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA
| | - Tony T Wang
- Laboratory of Vector-borne Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA
| | - Stefan G Sarafianos
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology Emory University, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Felipe Diaz-Griffero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Dowd KA, Pierson TC. The Many Faces of a Dynamic Virion: Implications of Viral Breathing on Flavivirus Biology and Immunogenicity. Annu Rev Virol 2019; 5:185-207. [PMID: 30265634 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-092917-043300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne RNA viruses that are a significant threat to global health due to their widespread distribution, ability to cause severe disease in humans, and capacity for explosive spread following introduction into new regions. Members of this genus include dengue, tick-borne encephalitis, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. Vaccination has been a highly successful means to control flaviviruses, and neutralizing antibodies are an important component of a protective immune response. High-resolution structures of flavivirus structural proteins and virions, alone and in complex with antibodies, provide a detailed understanding of viral fusion mechanisms and virus-antibody interactions. However, mounting evidence suggests these structures provide only a snapshot of an otherwise structurally dynamic virus particle. The contribution of the structural ensemble arising from viral breathing to the biology, antigenicity, and immunity of flaviviruses is discussed, including implications for the development and evaluation of flavivirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Dowd
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; ,
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; ,
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A method for rapid and high-yield production of the tick-borne encephalitis virus E and DIII recombinant proteins in E. coli with preservation of the antigenic properties. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:935-941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Yang C, Zeng F, Gao X, Zhao S, Li X, Liu S, Li N, Deng C, Zhang B, Gong R. Characterization of two engineered dimeric Zika virus envelope proteins as immunogens for neutralizing antibody selection and vaccine design. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10638-10648. [PMID: 31138647 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The envelope protein of Zika virus (ZIKV) exists as a dimer on the mature viral surface and is an attractive antiviral target because it mediates viral entry. However, recombinant soluble wild-type ZIKV envelope (wtZE) might preferentially exist as monomer (monZE). Recently, it has been shown that the A264C substitution could promote formation of dimeric ZIKV envelope protein (ZEA264C), requiring further characterization of purified ZEA264C for its potential applications in vaccine development. We also noted that ZEA264C, connected by disulfide bond, might be different from the noncovalent native envelope dimer on the virion surface. Because the antibody Fc fragment exists as dimer and is widely used for fusion protein construction, here we fused wtZE to human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) Fc fragment (ZE-Fc) for noncovalent wtZE dimerization. Using a multistep purification procedure, we separated dimeric ZEA264C and ZE-Fc, revealing that they both exhibit typical β-sheet-rich secondary structures and stabilities similar to those of monZE. The binding activities of monZE, ZEA264C, and ZE-Fc to neutralizing antibodies targeting different epitopes indicated that ZEA264C and ZE-Fc could better mimic the native dimeric status, especially in terms of the formation of tertiary and quaternary epitopes. Both ZEA264C and ZE-Fc recognize a ZIKV-sensitive cell line as does monZE, indicating that the two constructs are still functional. Furthermore, a murine immunization assay disclose that ZEA264C and ZE-Fc elicit more neutralizing antibody responses than monZE does. These results suggest that the two immunogen candidates ZEA264C and ZE-Fc have potential utility for neutralizing antibody selection and vaccine design against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpeng Yang
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, and
| | - Fang Zeng
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, and
| | - Xinyu Gao
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, and
| | - Shaojuan Zhao
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, and
| | - Xuan Li
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Na Li
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, and
| | - Chenglin Deng
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Rui Gong
- From the CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China,
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Niu J, Jiang Y, Xu H, Zhao C, Zhou G, Chen P, Cao R. TIM-1 Promotes Japanese Encephalitis Virus Entry and Infection. Viruses 2018; 10:E630. [PMID: 30441759 PMCID: PMC6265761 DOI: 10.3390/v10110630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne Flavivirus, the leading cause of viral-induced encephalitis. Several host molecules have been identified as the JEV attachment factor; however, the molecules involved in JEV entry remain poorly understood. In the present study, we demonstrate that TIM-1 is important for efficient infection by JEV. Firstly, three TIM-1 variants (V1, V2, and V3) were cloned from A549 cells, and we revealed that only ectopically TIM-1 V2 expression in 293T cells significantly promotes JEV attachment, entry and infection. Point mutation of phosphatidylserine (Ptdser) binding pocket in the TIM-1 IgV domain dampened JEV entry, indicating that TIM-1-mediated JEV infection is Ptdser-dependent. Furthermore, we found the cytoplasmic domain of TIM-1 is also required for enhancing JEV entry. Additionally, knock down of TIM-1 expression in A549 cells impaired JEV entry and infection, but not attachment, suggesting that additional factors exist in A549 cells that allow the virus to bind. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that TIM-1 promotes JEV infection as an entry cofactor, and the polymorphism of TIM-1 is associated with JEV susceptibility to host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichen Niu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ya Jiang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Changjing Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Guodong Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Puyan Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ruibing Cao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Ojha CR, Rodriguez M, Lapierre J, Muthu Karuppan MK, Branscome H, Kashanchi F, El-Hage N. Complementary Mechanisms Potentially Involved in the Pathology of Zika Virus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2340. [PMID: 30374352 PMCID: PMC6196287 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a global health threat due to its neuro-teratogenic effect and wide range of transmission routes. Most recently, ZIKV infection has been linked with both autoimmune disorders in adults and neurodevelopmental disorders in newborns. Researchers are exploring potential cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the neuro-teratogenicity and related consequences by using various in vitro cell culture methods and in vivo animal models. Though some of the putative viral entry receptors have been identified for ZIKV entry into the target cells, the exact mechanism of ZIKV entry or induced pathology are still not clear. Some of the important host cellular pathways including the toll-like receptor (TLR), autophagy, apoptosis and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways are considered potential mechanism(s) for ZIKV induced neuroinflammation and for neurodevelopmental disorders. Since there is still a dire need for efficient treatment and vaccine to prevent ZIKV mediated disorders, a better understanding of the interaction between virus and host cellular pathways could pave the way for development of targeted therapeutic intervention. In this review, we are focusing on the recent advances and current knowledge regarding the interaction of ZIKV with abovementioned pathways so as to provide basic understanding to execute further research that could aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chet Raj Ojha
- Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Myosotys Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jessica Lapierre
- Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Mohan Kumar Muthu Karuppan
- Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Heather Branscome
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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