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Rintz E, Celik B, Fnu N, Herreño-Pachón AM, Khan S, Benincore-Flórez E, Tomatsu S. Molecular therapy and nucleic acid adeno-associated virus-based gene therapy delivering combinations of two growth-associated genes to MPS IVA mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102211. [PMID: 38831899 PMCID: PMC11145352 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA (MPS IVA) is caused by a deficiency of the galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase (GALNS) enzyme responsible for the degradation of specific glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The progressive accumulation of GAGs leads to various skeletal abnormalities (short stature, hypoplasia, tracheal obstruction) and several symptoms in other organs. To date, no treatment is effective for patients with bone abnormalities. To improve bone pathology, we propose a novel combination treatment with the adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors expressing GALNS enzyme and a natriuretic peptide C (CNP; NPPC gene) as a growth-promoting agent for MPS IVA. In this study, an MPS IVA mouse model was treated with an AAV vector expressing GALNS combined with another AAV vector expressing NPPC gene, followed for 12 weeks. After the combination therapy, bone growth in mice was induced with increased enzyme activity in tissues (bone, liver, heart, lung) and plasma. Moreover, there were significant changes in bone morphology in CNP-treated mice with increased CNP activity in plasma. Delivering combinations of CNP and GALNS gene therapies enhanced bone growth in MPS IVA mice more than in GALNS gene therapy alone. Enzyme expression therapy alone fails to reach the bone growth region; our results indicate that combining it with CNP offers a potential alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estera Rintz
- Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Betul Celik
- Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Nidhi Fnu
- Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Angélica María Herreño-Pachón
- Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Shaukat Khan
- Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA
| | | | - Shunji Tomatsu
- Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA
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2
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Milagros S, de Erenchun PRR, Guembe M, Carte B, Méndez M, Uribarri A, Aldabe R. The infectivity of AAV9 is influenced by the specific location and extent of chemically modified capsid residues. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:34. [PMID: 38745236 PMCID: PMC11092203 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several treatments for genetic diseases utilizing recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have recently gained approval. However, the development of a greater number of therapeutic AAVs is constrained by certain limitations. While extensive efforts have concentrated on screening AAV genetic libraries, an alternative strategy involves modifying the AAV capsid by attaching various moieties. The capsid of AAV plays a pivotal role in transducing target cells and evading immune responses, making modifications a key avenue for engineering improved variants. RESULTS In our study, we replaced specific AAV9 capsid residues with an unnatural amino acid bearing a bioorthogonal group, identifying four positions with no adverse impact on production. Utilizing click chemistry, we attached varying proportions of Cy5.5 to these positions, allowing us to assess the impact of these modifications on AAV9 infectivity in cultured cells. Our findings reveal that both the position and degree of capsid modification significantly affect AAV transduction. While higher amounts of attached molecules lead to an increased number of AAV genomes within cells, this does not positively impact transgene expression. Conversely, a negative impact on transgene expression is observed when the AAV capsid is highly modified, with the degree of this effect associated with the modified residue. CONCLUSION Careful control of both the degree and specific position of capsid modifications is crucial for optimizing transduction efficiency and minimizing undesired effects on transgene expression. These results underscore the importance of precision in AAV capsid modification to achieve optimal transduction efficiency while mitigating potential drawbacks on transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Milagros
- DNA and RNA Medicine Division, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Maite Guembe
- DNA and RNA Medicine Division, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Carte
- DNA and RNA Medicine Division, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Méndez
- DNA and RNA Medicine Division, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ander Uribarri
- DNA and RNA Medicine Division, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Aldabe
- DNA and RNA Medicine Division, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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3
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Jarand C, Baker K, Petroff M, Jin M, Reed WF. DNA Released by Adeno-Associated Virus Strongly Alters Capsid Aggregation Kinetics in a Physiological Solution. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2890-2901. [PMID: 38683736 PMCID: PMC11094734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
While adeno-associated virus is a leading vector for gene therapy, significant gaps remain in understanding AAV degradation and stability. In this work, we study the degradation of an engineered AAV serotype at physiological pH and ionic strength. Viral particles of varying fractions of encapsulated DNA were incubated between 30 and 60 °C, with changes in molecular weight measured by changes in total light scattering intensity at 90° over time. Mostly full vectors demonstrated a rapid decrease in molecular weight corresponding to the release of capsid DNA, followed by slow aggregation. In contrast, empty vectors demonstrated immediate, rapid colloid-type aggregation. Mixtures of full and empty capsids showed a pronounced decrease in initial aggregation that cannot be explained by a linear superposition of empty and full degradation scattering signatures, indicating interactions between capsids and ejected DNA that influenced aggregation mechanisms. This demonstrates key interactions between AAV capsids and their cargo that influence capsid degradation, aggregation, and DNA release mechanisms in a physiological solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis
W. Jarand
- Department
of Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Karen Baker
- Downstream
and Drug Product Process Development, Spark
Therapeutics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19143, United States
| | - Matthew Petroff
- Downstream
and Drug Product Process Development, Spark
Therapeutics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19143, United States
| | - Mi Jin
- Downstream
and Drug Product Process Development, Spark
Therapeutics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19143, United States
| | - Wayne F. Reed
- Department
of Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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4
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Wang JH, Gessler DJ, Zhan W, Gallagher TL, Gao G. Adeno-associated virus as a delivery vector for gene therapy of human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:78. [PMID: 38565561 PMCID: PMC10987683 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01780-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has emerged as a pivotal delivery tool in clinical gene therapy owing to its minimal pathogenicity and ability to establish long-term gene expression in different tissues. Recombinant AAV (rAAV) has been engineered for enhanced specificity and developed as a tool for treating various diseases. However, as rAAV is being more widely used as a therapy, the increased demand has created challenges for the existing manufacturing methods. Seven rAAV-based gene therapy products have received regulatory approval, but there continue to be concerns about safely using high-dose viral therapies in humans, including immune responses and adverse effects such as genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, thrombotic microangiopathy, and neurotoxicity. In this review, we explore AAV biology with an emphasis on current vector engineering strategies and manufacturing technologies. We discuss how rAAVs are being employed in ongoing clinical trials for ocular, neurological, metabolic, hematological, neuromuscular, and cardiovascular diseases as well as cancers. We outline immune responses triggered by rAAV, address associated side effects, and discuss strategies to mitigate these reactions. We hope that discussing recent advancements and current challenges in the field will be a helpful guide for researchers and clinicians navigating the ever-evolving landscape of rAAV-based gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hui Wang
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
| | - Dominic J Gessler
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Wei Zhan
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Thomas L Gallagher
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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Dai M, Yang N, Xu K, Zhang J, Li X, Zhang Y, Li W. Discovering human cell-compatible gene therapy virus variants via optimized screening in mouse models. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13565. [PMID: 37864397 PMCID: PMC10905335 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In gene therapy, intravenous injection of viral vectors reigns as the primary administration route. These vectors include adeno-associated viruses, adenoviruses, herpes viruses, rhabdoviruses and others. However, these naturally occurring viruses lack inherent tissue or organ tropism for tailored disease treatment. To address this, we devised an optimized process involving directed viral capsid evolution, organ-specific humanized mouse models and in vitro-in vivo virus screening. Our approach allows for the rapid generation specifically modified adeno-associated virus variants, surpassing the time required for natural evolution, which spans millions of years. Notably, these variants exhibit robust targeting of the liver, favouring chimeric human liver cells over murine hepatocytes. Furthermore, certain variants achieve augmented targeting with reduced off-target organ infection, thereby mitigating dosage requirements and enhancing safety in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life ScienceNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xueke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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6
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Moço PD, Dash S, Kamen AA. Enhancement of adeno-associated virus serotype 6 transduction into T cells with cell-penetrating peptides. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3627. [PMID: 37957034 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are gaining interest in the development of cellular immunotherapy. Compared to other viral vectors, AAVs can reduce the risk of insertional oncogenesis. AAV serotype 6 (AAV6) shows the highest efficiency for transducing T cells. Nevertheless, a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of up to one million viral genomes per cell is required to transduce the target cells effectively. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short, positively charged peptides that easily translocate the plasma membranes and can facilitate the cellular uptake of a wide variety of cargoes, including small molecules, nucleic acids, drugs, proteins and viral vectors. METHODS The present study evaluated five CPPs (Antp, TAT-HA2, LAH4, TAT1 and TAT2) on their effects on enhancing transduction of AAV6 packaging a green fluorescent protein transgene into Jurkat T cell line. RESULTS Vector incubation with peptides TAT-HA2 and LAH4 at a final concentration of 0.2 mm resulted in an approximately two-fold increase in transduced cells. At the lowest MOI tested (1.25 × 104 ), using LAH4 resulted in a 10-fold increase in transduction efficiency. The peptide LAH4 increased the uptake of AAV6 viral particles in both Jurkat cells and mouse primary T cells. Regardless of the large size of the AAV6-LAH4 complexes, their internalization does not appear to depend on macropinocytosis. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the present study reports an approach to significantly improve the delivery of transgenes into T cells using AAV6 vectors. Notably, the peptides TAT-HA2 and LAH4 contribute to improving the use of AAV6 as a gene delivery vector for the engineering of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo D Moço
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shantoshini Dash
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amine A Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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7
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Shih HY, Raas Q, Bonkowsky JL. Progress in leukodystrophies with zebrafish. Dev Growth Differ 2024; 66:21-34. [PMID: 38239149 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Inherited leukodystrophies are genetic disorders characterized by abnormal white matter in the central nervous system. Although individually rare, there are more than 400 distinct types of leukodystrophies with a cumulative incidence of 1 in 4500 live births. The pathophysiology of most leukodystrophies is poorly understood, there are treatments for only a few, and there is significant morbidity and mortality, suggesting a critical need for improvements in this field. A variety of animal, cell, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived models have been developed for leukodystrophies, but with significant limitations in all models. Many leukodystrophies lack animal models, and extant models often show no or mixed recapitulation of key phenotypes. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have become increasingly used as disease models for studying leukodystrophies due to their early onset of disease phenotypes and conservation of molecular and neurobiological mechanisms. Here, we focus on reviewing new zebrafish disease models for leukodystrophy or models with recent progress. This includes discussion of leukodystrophy with vanishing white matter disease, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, Zellweger spectrum disorders and peroxisomal disorders, PSAP deficiency, metachromatic leukodystrophy, Krabbe disease, hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-8/4H leukodystrophy, Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, RNASET2-deficient cystic leukoencephalopathy, hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids-1 (CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy), and ultra-rare leukodystrophies. Zebrafish models offer important potentials for the leukodystrophy field, including testing of new variants in known genes; establishing causation of newly discovered genes; and early lead compound identification for therapies. There are also unrealized opportunities to use humanized zebrafish models which have been sparsely explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yu Shih
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Utah Tech University, Saint George, Utah, USA
- Center for Precision & Functional Genomics, Utah Tech University, Saint George, Utah, USA
| | - Quentin Raas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Laboratory of Translational Research for Neurological Disorders, Imagine Institute, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Joshua L Bonkowsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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8
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Yadav D, Malviya R. Vector-Mediated Delivery of Transgenes and RNA Interference-Based Gene Silencing Sequences to Astrocytes for Disease Management: Advances and Prospectives. Curr Gene Ther 2024; 24:110-121. [PMID: 37921145 DOI: 10.2174/0115665232264527231013072728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are a type of important glial cell in the brain that serve crucial functions in regulating neuronal activity, facilitating communication between neurons, and keeping everything in balance. In this abstract, we explore current methods and future approaches for using vectors to precisely target astrocytes in the fight against various illnesses. In order to deliver therapeutic cargo selectively to astrocytes, researchers have made tremendous progress by using viral vectors such as adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) and lentiviruses. It has been established that engineered viral vectors are capable of either crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or being delivered intranasally, which facilitates their entrance into the brain parenchyma. These vectors are able to contain transgenes that code for neuroprotective factors, synaptic modulators, or anti-inflammatory medicines, which pave the way for multiple approaches to disease intervention. Strategies based on RNA interference (RNAi) make vector-mediated astrocyte targeting much more likely to work. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) are two types of RNA that can be made to silence disease-related genes in astrocytes. Vector-mediated delivery in conjunction with RNAi techniques provides a powerful toolkit for investigating the complex biological pathways that contribute to disease development. However, there are still a number of obstacles to overcome in order to perfect the specificity, safety, and duration of vector-mediated astrocyte targeting. In order to successfully translate research findings into clinical practise, it is essential to minimise off-target effects and the risk of immunogenicity. To demonstrate the therapeutic effectiveness of these strategies, rigorous preclinical investigation and validation are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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9
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Hsi J, Mietzsch M, Chipman P, Afione S, Zeher A, Huang R, Chiorini J, McKenna R. Structural and antigenic characterization of the avian adeno-associated virus capsid. J Virol 2023; 97:e0078023. [PMID: 37702486 PMCID: PMC10617571 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00780-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE AAVs are extensively studied as promising therapeutic gene delivery vectors. In order to circumvent pre-existing antibodies targeting primate-based AAV capsids, the AAAV capsid was evaluated as an alternative to primate-based therapeutic vectors. Despite the high sequence diversity, the AAAV capsid was found to bind to a common glycan receptor, terminal galactose, which is also utilized by other AAVs already being utilized in gene therapy trials. However, contrary to the initial hypothesis, AAAV was recognized by approximately 30% of human sera tested. Structural and sequence comparisons point to conserved epitopes in the fivefold region of the capsid as the reason determinant for the observed cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Hsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mario Mietzsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Paul Chipman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sandra Afione
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Allison Zeher
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School for Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rick Huang
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John Chiorini
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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10
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Li X, La Salvia S, Liang Y, Adamiak M, Kohlbrenner E, Jeong D, Chepurko E, Ceholski D, Lopez-Gordo E, Yoon S, Mathiyalagan P, Agarwal N, Jha D, Lodha S, Daaboul G, Phan A, Raisinghani N, Zhang S, Zangi L, Gonzalez-Kozlova E, Dubois N, Dogra N, Hajjar RJ, Sahoo S. Extracellular Vesicle-Encapsulated Adeno-Associated Viruses for Therapeutic Gene Delivery to the Heart. Circulation 2023; 148:405-425. [PMID: 37409482 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.063759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has emerged as one of the best tools for cardiac gene delivery due to its cardiotropism, long-term expression, and safety. However, a significant challenge to its successful clinical use is preexisting neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), which bind to free AAVs, prevent efficient gene transduction, and reduce or negate therapeutic effects. Here we describe extracellular vesicle-encapsulated AAVs (EV-AAVs), secreted naturally by AAV-producing cells, as a superior cardiac gene delivery vector that delivers more genes and offers higher NAb resistance. METHODS We developed a 2-step density-gradient ultracentrifugation method to isolate highly purified EV-AAVs. We compared the gene delivery and therapeutic efficacy of EV-AAVs with an equal titer of free AAVs in the presence of NAbs, both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we investigated the mechanism of EV-AAV uptake in human left ventricular and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in vitro and mouse models in vivo using a combination of biochemical techniques, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence imaging. RESULTS Using cardiotropic AAV serotypes 6 and 9 and several reporter constructs, we demonstrated that EV-AAVs deliver significantly higher quantities of genes than AAVs in the presence of NAbs, both to human left ventricular and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in vitro and to mouse hearts in vivo. Intramyocardial delivery of EV-AAV9-sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a to infarcted hearts in preimmunized mice significantly improved ejection fraction and fractional shortening compared with AAV9-sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a delivery. These data validated NAb evasion by and therapeutic efficacy of EV-AAV9 vectors. Trafficking studies using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cells in vitro and mouse hearts in vivo showed significantly higher expression of EV-AAV6/9-delivered genes in cardiomyocytes compared with noncardiomyocytes, even with comparable cellular uptake. Using cellular subfraction analyses and pH-sensitive dyes, we discovered that EV-AAVs were internalized into acidic endosomal compartments of cardiomyocytes for releasing and acidifying AAVs for their nuclear uptake. CONCLUSIONS Together, using 5 different in vitro and in vivo model systems, we demonstrate significantly higher potency and therapeutic efficacy of EV-AAV vectors compared with free AAVs in the presence of NAbs. These results establish the potential of EV-AAV vectors as a gene delivery tool to treat heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xisheng Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Sabrina La Salvia
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Yaxuan Liang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China (Y.L.)
| | - Marta Adamiak
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Erik Kohlbrenner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Spark Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA (E.K.)
| | - Dongtak Jeong
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University-ERICA, Ansan, South Korea (D.J.)
| | - Elena Chepurko
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Delaine Ceholski
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Estrella Lopez-Gordo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Seonghun Yoon
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Neha Agarwal
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Divya Jha
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Shweta Lodha
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Anh Phan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Nikhil Raisinghani
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Shihong Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Lior Zangi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Edgar Gonzalez-Kozlova
- Department of Oncological Sciences (E.G.-K.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Nicole Dubois
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology (N. Dubois), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute (N. Dubois), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Navneet Dogra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (N. Dogra), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Icahn Genomics Institute (N.Dogra), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Gene and Cell Therapy Institute, Massachusetts General Brigham, Boston (R.J.H.)
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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11
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Masri S, Carré L, Jaulin N, Vandamme C, Couzinié C, Guy-Duché A, Dupont JB, Pereira A, Charpentier E, David L, Gernoux G, Guilbaud M, Adjali O. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Inability of Recombinant AAV8 to Activate Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10447. [PMID: 37445621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus (rAAV) is considered as one of the most successful and widely used viral vectors for in vivo gene therapy. However, host immune responses to the vector and/or the transgene product remain a major hurdle to successful AAV gene transfer. In contrast to antivector adaptive immunity, the initiation of the innate immunity towards rAAV is still poorly understood but is directly dependent on the interaction between the viral vector and innate immune cells. Here, we used a quantitative transcriptomic-based approach to determine the activation of inflammatory and anti-viral pathways after rAAV8-based infection of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) obtained from 12 healthy human donors. We have shown that rAAV8 particles are efficiently internalized, but that this uptake does not induce any detectable transcriptomic change in moDCs in contrast to an adenoviral infection, which upregulates anti-viral pathways. These findings suggest an immunologically favorable profile for rAAV8 serotype with regard to in vitro activation of moDC model. Transcriptomic analysis of rAAV-infected innate immune cells is a powerful method to determine the ability of the viral vector to be seen by these sensor cells, which remains of great importance to better understand the immunogenicity of rAAV vectors and to design immune-stealth products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Masri
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, TaRGeT-Translational Research in Gene Therapy, UMR 1089, F-44200 Nantes, France
| | - Laure Carré
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, TaRGeT-Translational Research in Gene Therapy, UMR 1089, F-44200 Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Jaulin
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, TaRGeT-Translational Research in Gene Therapy, UMR 1089, F-44200 Nantes, France
| | - Céline Vandamme
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, TaRGeT-Translational Research in Gene Therapy, UMR 1089, F-44200 Nantes, France
| | - Célia Couzinié
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, TaRGeT-Translational Research in Gene Therapy, UMR 1089, F-44200 Nantes, France
| | - Aurélien Guy-Duché
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, TaRGeT-Translational Research in Gene Therapy, UMR 1089, F-44200 Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Dupont
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, TaRGeT-Translational Research in Gene Therapy, UMR 1089, F-44200 Nantes, France
| | - Allwyn Pereira
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, TaRGeT-Translational Research in Gene Therapy, UMR 1089, F-44200 Nantes, France
| | - Eric Charpentier
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, SFR Santé, UMS 3556, UMS016, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Laurent David
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Gwladys Gernoux
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, TaRGeT-Translational Research in Gene Therapy, UMR 1089, F-44200 Nantes, France
| | - Mickaël Guilbaud
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, TaRGeT-Translational Research in Gene Therapy, UMR 1089, F-44200 Nantes, France
| | - Oumeya Adjali
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, TaRGeT-Translational Research in Gene Therapy, UMR 1089, F-44200 Nantes, France
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12
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Rintz E, Herreño-Pachón AM, Celik B, Nidhi F, Khan S, Benincore-Flórez E, Tomatsu S. Bone Growth Induction in Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA Mouse. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9890. [PMID: 37373036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (MPS IVA; Morquio A syndrome) is caused by a deficiency of the N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate-sulfatase (GALNS) enzyme, leading to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), keratan sulfate (KS) and chondroitin-6-sulfate (C6S), mainly in cartilage and bone. This lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) is characterized by severe systemic skeletal dysplasia. To this date, none of the treatment options for the MPS IVA patients correct bone pathology. Enzyme replacement therapy with elosulfase alpha provides a limited impact on bone growth and skeletal lesions in MPS IVA patients. To improve bone pathology, we propose a novel gene therapy with a small peptide as a growth-promoting agent for MPS IVA. A small molecule in this peptide family has been found to exert biological actions over the cardiovascular system. This work shows that an AAV vector expressing a C-type natriuretic (CNP) peptide induces bone growth in the MPS IVA mouse model. Histopathological analysis showed the induction of chondrocyte proliferation. CNP peptide also changed the pattern of GAG levels in bone and liver. These results suggest the potential for CNP peptide to be used as a treatment in MPS IVA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estera Rintz
- Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Angélica María Herreño-Pachón
- Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Betul Celik
- Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Fnu Nidhi
- Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Shaukat Khan
- Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA
| | | | - Shunji Tomatsu
- Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA
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13
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Glaser V, Flugel C, Kath J, Du W, Drosdek V, Franke C, Stein M, Pruß A, Schmueck-Henneresse M, Volk HD, Reinke P, Wagner DL. Combining different CRISPR nucleases for simultaneous knock-in and base editing prevents translocations in multiplex-edited CAR T cells. Genome Biol 2023; 24:89. [PMID: 37095570 PMCID: PMC10123993 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple genetic modifications may be required to develop potent off-the-shelf chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies. Conventional CRISPR-Cas nucleases install sequence-specific DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), enabling gene knock-out or targeted transgene knock-in. However, simultaneous DSBs provoke a high rate of genomic rearrangements which may impede the safety of the edited cells. RESULTS Here, we combine a non-viral CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease-assisted knock-in and Cas9-derived base editing technology for DSB free knock-outs within a single intervention. We demonstrate efficient insertion of a CAR into the T cell receptor alpha constant (TRAC) gene, along with two knock-outs that silence major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) class I and II expression. This approach reduces translocations to 1.4% of edited cells. Small insertions and deletions at the base editing target sites indicate guide RNA exchange between the editors. This is overcome by using CRISPR enzymes of distinct evolutionary origins. Combining Cas12a Ultra for CAR knock-in and a Cas9-derived base editor enables the efficient generation of triple-edited CAR T cells with a translocation frequency comparable to unedited T cells. Resulting TCR- and MHC-negative CAR T cells resist allogeneic T cell targeting in vitro. CONCLUSIONS We outline a solution for non-viral CAR gene transfer and efficient gene silencing using different CRISPR enzymes for knock-in and base editing to prevent translocations. This single-step procedure may enable safer multiplex-edited cell products and demonstrates a path towards off-the-shelf CAR therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Glaser
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Flugel
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Kath
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Weijie Du
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa Drosdek
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens Franke
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maik Stein
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Pruß
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schmueck-Henneresse
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- CheckImmune GmbH, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dimitrios L Wagner
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Yao S, Rong W, Yuan Y. Optimization of adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene delivery into human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs). Stem Cell Investig 2023; 10:3. [PMID: 36761253 PMCID: PMC9905037 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2022-042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Efficiently delivering nucleic acid into mammalian cells is essential to overexpress genes for assessing gene functions. Human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) are the most studied tissue-derived stem cells. Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have been used to deliver DNA into hBMSCs for various purposes. Current literature reported that transduction efficiencies of up to 65% could be achieved by AAV gene delivery into hBMSCs. Further improvement of efficiency is needed and possible. This study tested a selection of AAV serotypes for high-efficient DNA delivery into hBMSCs. Methods hBMSCs from different donors were infected with different serotypes of AAVs containing the enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) reporter gene driven by the CMV promoter. Green fluorescence was monitored in the infected cells at five-day intervals. Cells were collected at designated time points after the infection for reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to assess eGFP mRNA transcription. Results The results indicated that the order of transduction efficiency of the AAV serotypes was AAV2 > AAV2.7m8 > AAV6 > AAV6.2 > AAV1 > AAV-DJ. AAV2 could achieve almost 100% transduction at the multiplicity of infection (MOI) greater than 100K. Over 90% of cells could be transduced at 20K to 50K MOI. About 80% transduction was seen at MOIs of 10K and 15K. RT-PCR analysis showed that eGFP mRNA could be detected from day 5 to day 30 post-AAV infection. The differences in the observed transduction efficiencies of the hBMSCs from different patients indicate donor-to-donor variability, and increased eGFP mRNA was generally seen after day 15 post-AAV2 infection. Maximal eGFP transcription was detected on day 30 post-infection. Conclusions We conclude that AAV2 and AAV2.7m8 at an MOI of 100K or greater can efficiently deliver transgene into hBMSCs with up to near 100% transduction efficiency for sustained expression over one month. However, donor-to-donor variation exists in transduction efficiency and transgene expression, especially at MOIs less than 100K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomian Yao
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Weiqiong Rong
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Yuanying Yuan
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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15
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Wu F, Sambamurti K, Sha S. Current Advances in Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Gene Therapy to Prevent Acquired Hearing Loss. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2022; 23:569-578. [PMID: 36002664 PMCID: PMC9613825 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-022-00866-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are viral vectors that offer an excellent platform for gene therapy due to their safety profile, persistent gene expression in non-dividing cells, target cell specificity, lack of pathogenicity, and low immunogenicity. Recently, gene therapy for genetic hearing loss with AAV transduction has shown promise in animal models. However, AAV transduction for gene silencing or expression to prevent or manage acquired hearing loss is limited. This review provides an overview of AAV as a leading gene delivery vector for treating genetic hearing loss in animal models. We highlight the advantages and shortcomings of AAV for investigating the mechanisms and preventing acquired hearing loss. We predict that AAV-mediated gene manipulation will be able to prevent acquired hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Walton Research Building, Room 403-E, 39 Sabin Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kumar Sambamurti
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Suhua Sha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Walton Research Building, Room 403-E, 39 Sabin Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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16
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Mollard A, Peccate C, Forand A, Chassagne J, Julien L, Meunier P, Guesmia Z, Marais T, Bitoun M, Piétri-Rouxel F, Benkhelifa-Ziyyat S, Lorain S. Muscle regeneration affects Adeno Associated Virus 1 mediated transgene transcription. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9674. [PMID: 35690627 PMCID: PMC9188557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a severe neuromuscular disease causing a progressive muscle wasting due to mutations in the DMD gene that lead to the absence of dystrophin protein. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based therapies aiming to restore dystrophin in muscles, by either exon skipping or microdystrophin expression, are very promising. However, the absence of dystrophin induces cellular perturbations that hinder AAV therapy efficiency. We focused here on the impact of the necrosis-regeneration process leading to nuclear centralization in myofiber, a common feature of human myopathies, on AAV transduction efficiency. We generated centronucleated myofibers by cardiotoxin injection in wild-type muscles prior to AAV injection. Intramuscular injections of AAV1 vectors show that transgene expression was drastically reduced in regenerated muscles, even when the AAV injection occurred 10 months post-regeneration. We show also that AAV genomes were not lost from cardiotoxin regenerated muscle and were properly localised in the myofiber nuclei but were less transcribed leading to muscle transduction defect. A similar defect was observed in muscles of the DMD mouse model mdx. Therefore, the regeneration process per se could participate to the AAV-mediated transduction defect observed in dystrophic muscles which may limit AAV-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amédée Mollard
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Peccate
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Anne Forand
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Julie Chassagne
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Laura Julien
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Meunier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Zoheir Guesmia
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Marais
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Marc Bitoun
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - France Piétri-Rouxel
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Sofia Benkhelifa-Ziyyat
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Stéphanie Lorain
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France.,AFM-Téléthon, 1 rue de l'Internationale, BP59, 91002, Evry, France
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17
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Sabatino DE, Bushman FD, Chandler RJ, Crystal RG, Davidson BL, Dolmetsch R, Eggan KC, Gao G, Gil-Farina I, Kay MA, McCarty DM, Montini E, Ndu A, Yuan J. Evaluating the state of the science for adeno-associated virus integration: An integrated perspective. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2646-2663. [PMID: 35690906 PMCID: PMC9372310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
On August 18, 2021, the American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy (ASGCT) hosted a virtual roundtable on adeno-associated virus (AAV) integration, featuring leading experts in preclinical and clinical AAV gene therapy, to further contextualize and understand this phenomenon. Recombinant AAV (rAAV) vectors are used to develop therapies for many conditions given their ability to transduce multiple cell types, resulting in long-term expression of transgenes. Although most rAAV DNA typically remains episomal, some rAAV DNA becomes integrated into genomic DNA at a low frequency, and rAAV insertional mutagenesis has been shown to lead to tumorigenesis in neonatal mice. Currently, the risk of rAAV-mediated oncogenesis in humans is theoretical because no confirmed genotoxic events have been reported to date. However, because insertional mutagenesis has been reported in a small number of murine studies, there is a need to characterize this genotoxicity to inform research, regulatory needs, and patient care. The purpose of this white paper is to review the evidence of rAAV-related host genome integration in animal models and possible risks of insertional mutagenesis in patients. In addition, technical considerations, regulatory guidance, and bioethics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise E Sabatino
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Frederic D Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Randy J Chandler
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beverly L Davidson
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Mark A Kay
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Eugenio Montini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Adora Ndu
- BridgeBio Pharma, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jing Yuan
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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18
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ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response facilitates AAV2 transduction by releasing the suppression of AAV receptor on ER stress. J Virol 2021; 96:e0110321. [PMID: 34851146 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01103-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is extensively used as a viral vector to deliver therapeutic genes during human gene therapy. A high affinity cellular receptor (AAVR) for most serotypes was recently identified, however, its biological function as a gene product remains unclear. In this study, we used AAVR knockdown cell models to show that AAVR depletion significantly attenuated cells to activate unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways, when exposed to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer, tunicamycin. By analyzing three major UPR pathways, we found that ATF6 signaling was most affected in an AAVR-dependent fashion, distinct to CHOP and XBP1 branches. AAVR capacity in UPR regulation required the full native AAVR protein, and AAV2 capsid binding to the receptor altered ATF6 dynamics. Conversely, the transduction efficiency of AAV2 was associated with changes in ATF6 signaling in host cells following treatment with different small molecules. Thus, AAVR served as an inhibitory molecule to repress UPR responses via a specificity for ATF6 signaling, and the AAV2 infection route involved the release from AAVR-mediated ATF6 repression, thereby facilitating viral intracellular trafficking and transduction. Importance The native function of the AAVR as an ER-Golgi localized protein is largely unknown. We showed that AAVR acted as a functional molecule to regulate UPR signaling under induced ER stress. AAVR inhibited the activation of the transcription factor, ATF6, whereas receptor binding to AAV2 released the suppression effects. This finding has expanded our understanding of AAV infection biology in terms of the physiological properties of AAVR in host cells. Importantly, our research provides a possible strategy which may improve the efficiency of AAV mediated gene delivery during gene therapy.
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19
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Proteomic Landscape of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV)-Producing HEK293 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111499. [PMID: 34768929 PMCID: PMC8584267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors are widely used for gene therapy, providing treatment for diseases caused by absent or defective genes. Despite the success of gene therapy, AAV manufacturing is still challenging, with production yields being limited. With increased patient demand, improvements in host cell productivity through various engineering strategies will be necessary. Here, we study the host cell proteome of AAV5-producing HEK293 cells using reversed phase nano-liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS/MS). Relative label-free quantitation (LFQ) was performed, allowing a comparison of transfected vs. untransfected cells. Gene ontology enrichment and pathway analysis revealed differential expression of proteins involved in fundamental cellular processes such as metabolism, proliferation, and cell death. Furthermore, changes in expression of proteins involved in endocytosis and lysosomal degradation were observed. Our data provides highly valuable insights into cellular mechanisms involved during recombinant AAV production by HEK293 cells, thus potentially enabling further improvements of gene therapy product manufacturing.
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20
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Makvandi P, Chen M, Sartorius R, Zarrabi A, Ashrafizadeh M, Dabbagh Moghaddam F, Ma J, Mattoli V, Tay FR. Endocytosis of abiotic nanomaterials and nanobiovectors: Inhibition of membrane trafficking. NANO TODAY 2021; 40:101279. [PMID: 34518771 PMCID: PMC8425779 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to nanoscopical nanobiovectors (e.g. coronavirus SARS-CoV-2) as well as abiotic metal/carbon-based nanomaterials that enter cells serendipitously or intentionally. Understanding the interactions of cell membranes with these abiotic and biotic nanostructures will facilitate scientists to design better functional nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Such knowledge will also provide important clues for the control of viral infections and the treatment of virus-induced infectious diseases. In the present review, the mechanisms of endocytosis are reviewed in the context of how nanomaterials are uptaken into cells. This is followed by a detailed discussion of the attributes of man-made nanomaterials (e.g. size, shape, surface functional groups and elasticity) that affect endocytosis, as well as the different human cell types that participate in the endocytosis of nanomaterials. Readers are then introduced to the concept of viruses as nature-derived nanoparticles. The mechanisms in which different classes of viruses interact with various cell types to gain entry into the human body are reviewed with examples published over the last five years. These basic tenets will enable the avid reader to design advanced drug delivery and gene transfer nanoplatforms that harness the knowledge acquired from endocytosis to improve their biomedical efficacy. The review winds up with a discussion on the hurdles to be addressed in mimicking the natural mechanisms of endocytosis in nanomaterials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Materials Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Meiling Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rossella Sartorius
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Farnaz Dabbagh Moghaddam
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Jingzhi Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Virgilio Mattoli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Materials Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
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21
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Tabebordbar M, Lagerborg KA, Stanton A, King EM, Ye S, Tellez L, Krunnfusz A, Tavakoli S, Widrick JJ, Messemer KA, Troiano EC, Moghadaszadeh B, Peacker BL, Leacock KA, Horwitz N, Beggs AH, Wagers AJ, Sabeti PC. Directed evolution of a family of AAV capsid variants enabling potent muscle-directed gene delivery across species. Cell 2021; 184:4919-4938.e22. [PMID: 34506722 PMCID: PMC9344975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Replacing or editing disease-causing mutations holds great promise for treating many human diseases. Yet, delivering therapeutic genetic modifiers to specific cells in vivo has been challenging, particularly in large, anatomically distributed tissues such as skeletal muscle. Here, we establish an in vivo strategy to evolve and stringently select capsid variants of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) that enable potent delivery to desired tissues. Using this method, we identify a class of RGD motif-containing capsids that transduces muscle with superior efficiency and selectivity after intravenous injection in mice and non-human primates. We demonstrate substantially enhanced potency and therapeutic efficacy of these engineered vectors compared to naturally occurring AAV capsids in two mouse models of genetic muscle disease. The top capsid variants from our selection approach show conserved potency for delivery across a variety of inbred mouse strains, and in cynomolgus macaques and human primary myotubes, with transduction dependent on target cell expressed integrin heterodimers.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Capsid/chemistry
- Capsid/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Dependovirus/metabolism
- Directed Molecular Evolution
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Integrins/metabolism
- Macaca fascicularis
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/therapy
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/pathology
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/therapy
- Protein Multimerization
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor/metabolism
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor/therapeutic use
- Recombination, Genetic/genetics
- Species Specificity
- Transgenes
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim A Lagerborg
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandra Stanton
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily M King
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Simon Ye
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Liana Tellez
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Sahar Tavakoli
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Widrick
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathleen A Messemer
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily C Troiano
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Behzad Moghadaszadeh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bryan L Peacker
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Krystynne A Leacock
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Naftali Horwitz
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alan H Beggs
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Pardis C Sabeti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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22
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Tanwar VS, Reddy MA, Natarajan R. Emerging Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Diabetic Vascular Complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:665811. [PMID: 34234740 PMCID: PMC8255808 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.665811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes are associated with accelerated rates of macrovascular and microvascular complications, which are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Further understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms can aid in the development of novel drug targets and therapies to manage these disorders more effectively. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that do not have protein-coding potential are expressed in a tissue- and species-specific manner and regulate diverse biological processes. LncRNAs regulate gene expression in cis or in trans through various mechanisms, including interaction with chromatin-modifying proteins and other regulatory proteins and via posttranscriptional mechanisms, including acting as microRNA sponges or as host genes of microRNAs. Emerging evidence suggests that major pathological factors associated with diabetes such as high glucose, free fatty acids, proinflammatory cytokines, and growth factors can dysregulate lncRNAs in inflammatory, cardiac, vascular, and renal cells leading to altered expression of key inflammatory genes and fibrotic genes associated with diabetic vascular complications. Here we review recent reports on lncRNA characterization, functions, and mechanisms of action in diabetic vascular complications and translational approaches to target them. These advances can provide new insights into the lncRNA-dependent actions and mechanisms underlying diabetic vascular complications and uncover novel lncRNA-based biomarkers and therapies to reduce disease burden and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
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23
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Whitehead M, Osborne A, Yu-Wai-Man P, Martin K. Humoral immune responses to AAV gene therapy in the ocular compartment. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1616-1644. [PMID: 33837614 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Viral vectors can be utilised to deliver therapeutic genes to diseased cells. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a commonly used viral vector that is favoured for its ability to infect a wide range of tissues whilst displaying limited toxicity and immunogenicity. Most humans harbour anti-AAV neutralising antibodies (NAbs) due to subclinical infections by wild-type virus during infancy and these pre-existing NAbs can limit the efficiency of gene transfer depending on the target cell type, route of administration and choice of serotype. Vector administration can also result in de novo NAb synthesis that could limit the opportunity for repeated gene transfer to diseased sites. A number of strategies have been described in preclinical models that could circumvent NAb responses in humans, however, the successful translation of these innovations into the clinical arena has been limited. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the humoral immune response to AAV gene therapy in the ocular compartment. We cover basic AAV biology and clinical application, the role of pre-existing and induced NAbs, and possible approaches to overcoming antibody responses. We conclude with a framework for a comprehensive strategy for circumventing humoral immune responses to AAV in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Whitehead
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Andrew Osborne
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.,MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, U.K
| | - Keith Martin
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.,Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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24
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Tosolini AP, Sleigh JN. Intramuscular Delivery of Gene Therapy for Targeting the Nervous System. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:129. [PMID: 32765219 PMCID: PMC7379875 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-mediated gene therapy has the potential to deliver exogenous genetic material into specific cell types to promote survival and counteract disease. This is particularly enticing for neuronal conditions, as the nervous system is renowned for its intransigence to therapeutic targeting. Administration of gene therapy viruses into skeletal muscle, where distal terminals of motor and sensory neurons reside, has been shown to result in extensive transduction of cells within the spinal cord, brainstem, and sensory ganglia. This route is minimally invasive and therefore clinically relevant for gene therapy targeting to peripheral nerve soma. For successful transgene expression, viruses administered into muscle must undergo a series of processes, including host cell interaction and internalization, intracellular sorting, long-range retrograde axonal transport, endosomal liberation, and nuclear import. In this review article, we outline key characteristics of major gene therapy viruses—adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), and lentivirus—and summarize the mechanisms regulating important steps in the virus journey from binding at peripheral nerve terminals to nuclear delivery. Additionally, we describe how neuropathology can negatively influence these pathways, and conclude by discussing opportunities to optimize the intramuscular administration route to maximize gene delivery and thus therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Tosolini
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James N Sleigh
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Piras F, Kajaste-Rudnitski A. Antiviral immunity and nucleic acid sensing in haematopoietic stem cell gene engineering. Gene Ther 2020; 28:16-28. [PMID: 32661282 PMCID: PMC7357672 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-0175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The low gene manipulation efficiency of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) remains a major hurdle for sustainable and broad clinical application of innovative therapies for a wide range of disorders. Given that all current and emerging gene transfer and editing technologies are bound to expose HSPC to exogenous nucleic acids and most often also to viral vectors, we reason that host antiviral factors and nucleic acid sensors play a pivotal role in the efficacy of HSPC genetic manipulation. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of vector–host interactions and innate immunity in HSPC upon gene engineering and discuss how dissecting this crosstalk can guide the development of more stealth and efficient gene therapy approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Piras
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Kajaste-Rudnitski
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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26
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Kiss S, Grishanin R, Nguyen A, Rosario R, Greengard JS, Nieves J, Gelfman CM, Gasmi M. Analysis of Aflibercept Expression in NHPs following Intravitreal Administration of ADVM-022, a Potential Gene Therapy for nAMD. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 18:345-353. [PMID: 32671137 PMCID: PMC7341454 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several standard-of-care therapies for the treatment of retinal disease, including aflibercept, inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA). The main shortcoming of these therapies is potential undertreatment due to a lack of compliance resulting from the need for repeated injections. Gene therapy may provide sustained levels of anti-VEGFA proteins in the retina following a single injection. In this nonhuman primate study, we explored whether ADVM-022, a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector designed to express aflibercept, could induce anti-VEGFA protein levels comparable with those observed following a single-bolus intravitreal (IVT) injection of the standard-of-care aflibercept recombinant protein. The results demonstrated that intraocular levels of aflibercept measured at 56 days after a single IVT injection of ADVM-022 were equivalent to those in the aflibercept recombinant protein-injected animals measured 21–32 days post-administration. ADVM-022-injected animals exhibited signs of an initial self-limiting inflammatory response, but overall all doses were well tolerated. ADVM-022 administration did not result in systemic exposure to aflibercept at any dose evaluated. These results demonstrated that a single IVT injection of ADVM-022 resulted in safe and efficacious aflibercept levels in the therapeutic range, suggesting the potential of a gene therapy approach for long-term treatment of retinal disease with anti-VEGF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilárd Kiss
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mehdi Gasmi
- Adverum Biotechnologies, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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27
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Tang Y, Yan Z, Engelhardt JF. Viral Vectors, Animal Models, and Cellular Targets for Gene Therapy of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:524-537. [PMID: 32138545 PMCID: PMC7232698 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After more than two decades since clinical trials tested the first use of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) to treat cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, gene therapy for this disorder has undergone a tremendous resurgence. Fueling this enthusiasm has been an enhanced understanding of rAAV transduction biology and cellular processes that limit transduction of airway epithelia, the development of new rAAV serotypes and other vector systems with high-level tropism for airway epithelial cells, an improved understanding of CF lung pathogenesis and the cellular targets for gene therapy, and the development of new animal models that reproduce the human CF disease phenotype. These advances have created a preclinical path for both assessing the efficacy of gene therapies in the CF lung and interrogating the target cell types in the lung required for complementation of the CF disease state. Lessons learned from early gene therapy attempts with rAAV in the CF lung have guided thinking for the testing of next-generation vector systems. Although unknown questions still remain regarding the cellular targets in the lung that are required or sufficient to complement CF lung disease, the field is now well positioned to tackle these challenges. This review will highlight the role that next-generation CF animal models are playing in the preclinical development of gene therapies for CF lung disease and the knowledge gaps in disease pathophysiology that these models are attempting to fill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ziying Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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28
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Maurer AC, Weitzman MD. Adeno-Associated Virus Genome Interactions Important for Vector Production and Transduction. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:499-511. [PMID: 32303138 PMCID: PMC7232694 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus has emerged as one of the most promising gene therapy delivery vectors. Development of these vectors took advantage of key features of the wild-type adeno-associated virus (AAV), enabled by basic studies of the underlying biology and requirements for transcription, replication, and packaging of the viral genome. Each step in generating and utilizing viral vectors involves numerous molecular interactions that together determine the efficiency of vector production and gene delivery. Once delivered into the cell, interactions with host proteins will determine the fate of the viral genome, and these will impact the intended goal of gene delivery. Here, we provide an overview of known interactions of the AAV genome with viral and cellular proteins involved in its amplification, packaging, and expression. Further appreciation of how the AAV genome interacts with host factors will enhance how this simple virus can be harnessed for an array of vector purposes that benefit human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Maurer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Matthew D. Weitzman
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Maguire CA, Corey DP. Viral vectors for gene delivery to the inner ear. Hear Res 2020; 394:107927. [PMID: 32199720 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.107927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy using virus vectors to treat hereditary diseases has made remarkable progress in the past decade. There are FDA-approved products for ex-vivo gene therapy for diseases such as immunodeficiencies (e.g., SCID), and in vivo gene therapy for a rare blindness and neuro-muscular disease. Gene therapy for hereditary hearing loss has picked up pace in the past five years due to progress in understanding disease gene function as well as the development of better technologies such as adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, to deliver nucleic acid to target cells in the inner ear. This review has two major goals. One is to review the state of the art for investigators already working in preclinical cochlear gene therapy. The other is to present the language of vectorology and important considerations for designing and using AAV vectors to inner ear neurobiologists who might use AAV vectors in the cochlea for either therapeutic or basic biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey A Maguire
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - David P Corey
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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30
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Hirbec H, Déglon N, Foo LC, Goshen I, Grutzendler J, Hangen E, Kreisel T, Linck N, Muffat J, Regio S, Rion S, Escartin C. Emerging technologies to study glial cells. Glia 2020; 68:1692-1728. [PMID: 31958188 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Development, physiological functions, and pathologies of the brain depend on tight interactions between neurons and different types of glial cells, such as astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Assessing the relative contribution of different glial cell types is required for the full understanding of brain function and dysfunction. Over the recent years, several technological breakthroughs were achieved, allowing "glio-scientists" to address new challenging biological questions. These technical developments make it possible to study the roles of specific cell types with medium or high-content workflows and perform fine analysis of their mutual interactions in a preserved environment. This review illustrates the potency of several cutting-edge experimental approaches (advanced cell cultures, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human glial cells, viral vectors, in situ glia imaging, opto- and chemogenetic approaches, and high-content molecular analysis) to unravel the role of glial cells in specific brain functions or diseases. It also illustrates the translation of some techniques to the clinics, to monitor glial cells in patients, through specific brain imaging methods. The advantages, pitfalls, and future developments are discussed for each technique, and selected examples are provided to illustrate how specific "gliobiological" questions can now be tackled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Hirbec
- Institute for Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation, Neuroscience Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lynette C Foo
- Neuroimmunology and Neurodegeneration Section, The Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Inbal Goshen
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jaime Grutzendler
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Emilie Hangen
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Tirzah Kreisel
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nathalie Linck
- Institute for Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Muffat
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sara Regio
- Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation, Neuroscience Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sybille Rion
- Neuroimmunology and Neurodegeneration Section, The Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carole Escartin
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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31
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Bieńkowska A, Ducher M, Orzechowska M, Słyk Ż, Ciepiela O, Jaworowski J, Małecki M. Increased temperature-related adeno-associated virus vectors transduction of ovarian cancer cells - essential signatures of AAV receptor and heat shock proteins. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4718-4732. [PMID: 31772643 PMCID: PMC6861878 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) are becoming more commonly used in clinical trials involving gene therapy. Additionally AAV-based drugs have already been registered. Gene therapy aims to increase transduction efficiency, increase in vivo selectivity and reduce side effects. One approach to achieve this is the use of physical factors, such as temperature or more specifically, hyperthermia, which is already utilized in oncology. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of hyperthermic conditions (40°C and 43°C) on the rAAV transduction efficiency of ovarian cancer cells (Caov-3 and NIH:OVCAR-3) and non-cancerous cells (AAV-293). The present study was designed to identify functional associations between the level of gene transfer and the expression of representative genes for rAAV transmission (AAVR (AAV receptor), heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) 1 and HSPG2) and heat shock proteins (HSPs). The expressions of selected genes were measured via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and cell adhesion/invasion chamber tests were also performed. The results revealed that ovarian cancer cell lines were more efficiently transduced with rAAV vectors at an elevated temperature. Additionally, the expression patterns of AAVR, HSPG1 and HSPG2 genes were different between the tested lines. The expression of certain receptors in ascites-derived NIH:OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells was higher compared with tumor-derived Caov-3 cells at 37, 40 and 43°C, which indicates a higher transduction efficiency in the formerly mentioned cells. Ascites-derived ovarian cancer cells were characterized by high expressions of HSP40, HSP90 and HSP70 families. Lower levels of HSP expression were demonstrated in less-effectively transduced Caov-3 cells. Furthermore, expressions of the examined genes changed with increasing temperature. The results indicated that temperature-dependent transduction is associated with the expression of the rAAV receptor and HSP genes. The results of the current study may aid the design of effective protocols for ovarian cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Bieńkowska
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy with Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Magdalena Ducher
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy with Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Magdalena Orzechowska
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy with Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Żaneta Słyk
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy with Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Olga Ciepiela
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-091, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Małecki
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy with Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
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32
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Hanlon KS, Meltzer JC, Buzhdygan T, Cheng MJ, Sena-Esteves M, Bennett RE, Sullivan TP, Razmpour R, Gong Y, Ng C, Nammour J, Maiz D, Dujardin S, Ramirez SH, Hudry E, Maguire CA. Selection of an Efficient AAV Vector for Robust CNS Transgene Expression. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 15:320-332. [PMID: 31788496 PMCID: PMC6881693 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid libraries have generated improved transgene delivery vectors. We designed an AAV library construct, iTransduce, that combines a peptide library on the AAV9 capsid with a Cre cassette to enable sensitive detection of transgene expression. After only two selection rounds of the library delivered intravenously in transgenic mice carrying a Cre-inducible fluorescent protein, we flow sorted fluorescent cells from brain, and DNA sequencing revealed two dominant capsids. One of the capsids, termed AAV-F, mediated transgene expression in the brain cortex more than 65-fold (astrocytes) and 171-fold (neurons) higher than the parental AAV9. High transduction efficiency was sex-independent and sustained in two mouse strains (C57BL/6 and BALB/c), making it a highly useful capsid for CNS transduction of mice. Future work in large animal models will test the translation potential of AAV-F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killian S Hanlon
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonah C Meltzer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Tetyana Buzhdygan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Shriners Hospital's Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ming J Cheng
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Rachel E Bennett
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Timothy P Sullivan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Shriners Hospital's Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Roshanak Razmpour
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Shriners Hospital's Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yi Gong
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carrie Ng
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Josette Nammour
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniela Maiz
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Simon Dujardin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Servio H Ramirez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Shriners Hospital's Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.,Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Eloise Hudry
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Casey A Maguire
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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33
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A CRISPR Screen Identifies the Cell Polarity Determinant Crumbs 3 as an Adeno-associated Virus Restriction Factor in Hepatocytes. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00943-19. [PMID: 31391273 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00943-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are helper-dependent parvoviruses that have been developed into promising gene therapy vectors. Many studies, including a recent unbiased genomic screen, have identified host factors essential for AAV cell entry, but no genome-wide screens that address inhibitory host factors have been reported. Here, we utilize a novel CRISPR screen to identify AAV restriction factors in a human hepatocyte cell line. The major hit from our gain-of-function screen is the apical polarity determinant Crumbs 3 (Crb3). Knockout (KO) of Crb3 enhances AAV transduction, while overexpression exerts the opposite effect. Further, Crb3 appears to restrict AAV transduction in a serotype- and cell type-specific manner. Particularly, for AAV serotype 9 and a rationally engineered AAV variant, we demonstrate that increased availability of galactosylated glycans on the surfaces of Crb3 KO cells, but not the universal AAV receptor, leads to increased capsid attachment and enhanced transduction. We postulate that Crb3 could serve as a key molecular determinant that restricts the availability of AAV glycan attachment factors on the cell surface by maintaining apical-basal polarity and tight junction integrity.IMPORTANCE Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have recently emerged at the forefront as gene therapy vectors; however, our understanding of host factors that influence AAV transduction in different cell types is still evolving. In the present study, we perform a genome-scale CRISPR knockout screen to identify cellular host factors that restrict AAV infection in hepatocyte cultures. We discover that Crumbs 3, which determines cellular polarity, also influences the distribution of certain carbohydrate attachment factors on the cell surface. This in turn affects the ability of virions to bind and enter the cells. This study underscores the importance of cell polarity in AAV transduction and provides a potential molecular basis for the differential infectious mechanism(s) in cell culture versus organ systems.
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34
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Maes ME, Colombo G, Schulz R, Siegert S. Targeting microglia with lentivirus and AAV: Recent advances and remaining challenges. Neurosci Lett 2019; 707:134310. [PMID: 31158432 PMCID: PMC6734419 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microglia have emerged as a critical component of neurodegenerative diseases. Genetic manipulation of microglia can elucidate their functional impact in disease. In neuroscience, recombinant viruses such as lentiviruses and adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have been successfully used to target various cell types in the brain, although effective transduction of microglia is rare. In this review, we provide a short background of lentiviruses and AAVs, and strategies for designing recombinant viral vectors. Then, we will summarize recent literature on successful microglial transductions in vitro and in vivo, and discuss the current challenges. Finally, we provide guidelines for reporting the efficiency and specificity of viral targeting in microglia, which will enable the microglial research community to assess and improve methodologies for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Maes
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Gloria Colombo
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Rouven Schulz
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Sandra Siegert
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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35
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Madigan VJ, Yuziuk JA, Chiarella AM, Tyson TO, Meganck RM, Elmore ZC, Tse LV, Hathaway NA, Asokan A. Ring finger protein 121 is a potent regulator of adeno-associated viral genome transcription. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007988. [PMID: 31386698 PMCID: PMC6697353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are Dependoparvoviruses that have shown promise as recombinant vectors for gene therapy. While infectious pathways of AAV are well studied, gaps remain in our understanding of host factors affecting vector genome expression. Here, we map the role of ring finger protein 121 (RNF121), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a key regulator of AAV genome transcription. CRISPR-mediated knockout of RNF121 (RNF121 KO) in different cells markedly decreased AAV transduction regardless of capsid serotype or vector dose. Recombinant AAV transduction is partially rescued by overexpressing RNF121, but not by co-infection with helper Adenovirus. Major steps in the AAV infectious pathway including cell surface binding, cellular uptake, nuclear entry, capsid uncoating and second strand synthesis are unaffected. While gene expression from transfected plasmids or AAV genomes is unaffected, mRNA synthesis from AAV capsid-associated genomes is markedly decreased in RNF121 KO cells. These observations were attributed to transcriptional arrest as corroborated by RNAPol-ChIP and mRNA half-life measurements. Although AAV capsid proteins do not appear to be direct substrates of RNF121, the catalytic domain of the E3 ligase appears essential. Inhibition of ubiquitin-proteasome pathways revealed that blocking Valosin Containing Protein (VCP/p97), which targets substrates to the proteasome, can selectively and completely restore AAV-mediated transgene expression in RNF121 KO cells. Expanding on this finding, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed that the catalytic subunit of DNA PK (DNAPK-Cs), a known activator of VCP, is upregulated in RNF121 KO cells and that the DNA damage machinery is enriched at sites of stalled AAV genome transcription. We postulate that a network of RNF121, VCP and DNA damage response elements function together to regulate transcriptional silencing and/or activation of AAV vector genomes. Recombinant AAV vectors are at the forefront of clinical gene therapy. There is a need to better understand the mechanisms dictating AAV transduction in the host. Here, we identify a network of host proteins involving RNF121, p97 and the DNA damage machinery as potent factors regulating AAV genome transcription. Our study sheds light on an understudied aspect of AAV biology with implications for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J. Madigan
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Gene Therapy Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Julianne A. Yuziuk
- Gene Therapy Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Anna M. Chiarella
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Tyne O. Tyson
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Rita M. Meganck
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Gene Therapy Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Zachary C. Elmore
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Longping V. Tse
- Gene Therapy Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel A. Hathaway
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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AAV2.7m8 is a powerful viral vector for inner ear gene therapy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:427. [PMID: 30683875 PMCID: PMC6347594 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has been successfully used to deliver gene therapy to improve auditory function in mouse models of hereditary hearing loss. Many forms of hereditary hearing loss have mutations which affect the cochlear hair cells, the mechanosensory cells which allow for sound detection and processing. While most conventional AAVs infect inner hair cells (IHCs) with various efficiencies, they infect outer hair cells (OHCs) and supporting cells at lower levels in the cochlea. Here we examine the infection patterns of two synthetic AAVs (AAV2.7m8 and AAV8BP2) in the mouse inner ear. AAV2.7m8 infects both IHCs and OHCs with high efficiency. In addition, AAV2.7m8 infects inner pillar cells and inner phalangeal cells with high efficiency. Our results suggest that AAV2.7m8 is an excellent viral vector for inner ear gene therapy targeting cochlear hair cells and supporting cells, and it will likely greatly expand the potential applications for inner ear gene therapy.
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37
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Crowther AJ, Lim SA, Asrican B, Albright BH, Wooten J, Yeh CY, Bao H, Cerri DH, Hu J, Ian Shih YY, Asokan A, Song J. An Adeno-Associated Virus-Based Toolkit for Preferential Targeting and Manipulating Quiescent Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Hippocampus. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1146-1159. [PMID: 29478897 PMCID: PMC5918266 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Quiescent neural stem cells (qNSCs) with radial morphology are the only proven source of new neurons in the adult mammalian brain. Our understanding of the roles of newly generated neurons depends on the ability to target and manipulate adult qNSCs. Although various strategies have been developed to target and manipulate adult hippocampal qNSCs, they often suffer from prolonged breeding, low recombination efficiency, and non-specific labeling. Therefore, developing a readily manufactured viral vector that allows flexible packaging and robust expression of various transgenes in qNSCs is a pressing need. Here, we report a recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 4 (rAAV4)-based toolkit that preferentially targets hippocampal qNSCs and allows for lineage tracing, functional analyses, and activity manipulation of adult qNSCs. Importantly, targeting qNSCs in a non-Cre-dependent fashion opens the possibility for studying qNSCs in less genetically tractable animal species and may have translational impact in gene therapy by preferentially targeting qNSCs. rAAV4 vectors preferentially target quiescent NSCs in the adult hippocampus rAAV4 vectors with distinct promoters reveal differential selectivity for radial NSCs rAAV4 allows for genetic manipulation and lineage tracing of quiescent NSCs rAAV4 allows for calcium imaging and activity manipulation of quiescent NSCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Crowther
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Szu-Aun Lim
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Brent Asrican
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Blake H Albright
- Department of Genetics and Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Genetics and Molecular Biology Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Josh Wooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Genetics and Molecular Biology Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chia-Yu Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hechen Bao
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Domenic H Cerri
- Department of Neurology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jessica Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Department of Neurology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Department of Genetics and Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Genetics and Molecular Biology Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Genetics and Molecular Biology Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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38
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Adeno-associated Virus (AAV) Serotypes Have Distinctive Interactions with Domains of the Cellular AAV Receptor. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00391-17. [PMID: 28679762 PMCID: PMC5571256 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00391-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) entry is determined by its interactions with specific surface glycans and a proteinaceous receptor(s). Adeno-associated virus receptor (AAVR) (also named KIAA0319L) is an essential cellular receptor required for the transduction of vectors derived from multiple AAV serotypes, including the evolutionarily distant serotypes AAV2 and AAV5. Here, we further biochemically characterize the AAV-AAVR interaction and define the domains within the ectodomain of AAVR that facilitate this interaction. By using a virus overlay assay, it was previously shown that the major AAV2 binding protein in membrane preparations of human cells corresponds to a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 150 kDa. By establishing a purification procedure, performing further protein separation by two-dimensional electrophoresis, and utilizing mass spectrometry, we now show that this glycoprotein is identical to AAVR. While we find that AAVR is an N-linked glycosylated protein, this glycosylation is not a strict requirement for AAV2 binding or functional transduction. Using a combination of genetic complementation with deletion constructs and virus overlay assays with individual domains, we find that AAV2 functionally interacts predominantly with the second Ig-like polycystic kidney disease (PKD) repeat domain (PKD2) present in the ectodomain of AAVR. In contrast, AAV5 interacts primarily through the first, most membrane-distal, PKD domain (PKD1) of AAVR to promote transduction. Furthermore, other AAV serotypes, including AAV1 and -8, require a combination of PKD1 and PKD2 for optimal transduction. These results suggest that despite their shared dependence on AAVR as a critical entry receptor, different AAV serotypes have evolved distinctive interactions with the same receptor. IMPORTANCE Over the past decade, AAV vectors have emerged as leading gene delivery tools for therapeutic applications and biomedical research. However, fundamental aspects of the AAV life cycle, including how AAV interacts with host cellular factors to facilitate infection, are only partly understood. In particular, AAV receptors contribute significantly to AAV vector transduction efficiency and tropism. The recently identified AAV receptor (AAVR) is a key host receptor for multiple serotypes, including the most studied serotype, AAV2. AAVR binds directly to AAV2 particles and is rate limiting for viral transduction. Defining the AAV-AAVR interface in more detail is important to understand how AAV engages with its cellular receptor and how the receptor facilitates the entry process. Here, we further define AAV-AAVR interactions, genetically and biochemically, and show that different AAV serotypes have discrete interactions with the Ig-like PKD domains of AAVR. These findings reveal an unexpected divergence of AAVR engagement within these parvoviruses.
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Baruteau J, Waddington SN, Alexander IE, Gissen P. Gene therapy for monogenic liver diseases: clinical successes, current challenges and future prospects. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017; 40:497-517. [PMID: 28567541 PMCID: PMC5500673 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, pioneering liver-directed gene therapy trials for haemophilia B have achieved sustained clinical improvement after a single systemic injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) derived vectors encoding the human factor IX cDNA. These trials demonstrate the potential of AAV technology to provide long-lasting clinical benefit in the treatment of monogenic liver disorders. Indeed, with more than ten ongoing or planned clinical trials for haemophilia A and B and dozens of trials planned for other inherited genetic/metabolic liver diseases, clinical translation is expanding rapidly. Gene therapy is likely to become an option for routine care of a subset of severe inherited genetic/metabolic liver diseases in the relatively near term. In this review, we aim to summarise the milestones in the development of gene therapy, present the different vector tools and their clinical applications for liver-directed gene therapy. AAV-derived vectors are emerging as the leading candidates for clinical translation of gene delivery to the liver. Therefore, we focus on clinical applications of AAV vectors in providing the most recent update on clinical outcomes of completed and ongoing gene therapy trials and comment on the current challenges that the field is facing for large-scale clinical translation. There is clearly an urgent need for more efficient therapies in many severe monogenic liver disorders, which will require careful risk-benefit analysis for each indication, especially in paediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Baruteau
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Simon N Waddington
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ian E Alexander
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Gissen
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
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