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Kaur G, Roy B. Decoding Tumor Angiogenesis for Therapeutic Advancements: Mechanistic Insights. Biomedicines 2024; 12:827. [PMID: 38672182 PMCID: PMC11048662 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels within the tumor microenvironment, is considered a hallmark of cancer progression and represents a crucial target for therapeutic intervention. The tumor microenvironment is characterized by a complex interplay between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, regulating the vascularization necessary for tumor growth and metastasis. The study of angiogenesis involves a spectrum of techniques, spanning from biomarker assessment to advanced imaging modalities. This comprehensive review aims to provide insights into the molecular intricacies, regulatory dynamics, and clinical implications of tumor angiogenesis. By delving into these aspects, we gain a deeper understanding of the processes driving vascularization in tumors, paving the way for the development of novel and effective antiangiogenic therapies in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Kaur
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Bipradas Roy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Narasimhan B, Narasimhan H, Lorente-Ros M, Romeo FJ, Bhatia K, Aronow WS. Therapeutic angiogenesis in coronary artery disease: a review of mechanisms and current approaches. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:947-963. [PMID: 34346802 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1964471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite tremendous advances, the shortcomings of current therapies for coronary disease are evidenced by the fact that it remains the leading cause of death in many parts of the world. There is hence a drive to develop novel therapies to tackle this disease. Therapeutic approaches to coronary angiogenesis have long been an area of interest in lieu of its incredible, albeit unrealized potential. AREAS COVERED This paper offers an overview of mechanisms of native angiogenesis and a description of angiogenic growth factors. It progresses to outline the advances in gene and stem cell therapy and provides a brief description of other investigational approaches to promote angiogenesis. Finally, the hurdles and limitations unique to this particular area of study are discussed. EXPERT OPINION An effective, sustained, and safe therapeutic option for angiogenesis truly could be the paradigm shift for cardiovascular medicine. Unfortunately, clinically meaningful therapeutic options remain elusive because promising animal studies have not been replicated in human trials. The sheer complexity of this process means that numerous major hurdles remain before therapeutic angiogenesis truly makes its way from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Narasimhan
- Department Of Medicine, Mount Sinai St.Lukes-Roosevelt, Icahn School Of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Marta Lorente-Ros
- Department Of Medicine, Mount Sinai St.Lukes-Roosevelt, Icahn School Of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francisco Jose Romeo
- Department Of Medicine, Mount Sinai St.Lukes-Roosevelt, Icahn School Of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kirtipal Bhatia
- Department Of Medicine, Mount Sinai St.Lukes-Roosevelt, Icahn School Of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wilbert S Aronow
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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D'Elia A, Schiavi S, Soluri A, Massari R, Soluri A, Trezza V. Role of Nuclear Imaging to Understand the Neural Substrates of Brain Disorders in Laboratory Animals: Current Status and Future Prospects. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:596509. [PMID: 33362486 PMCID: PMC7759612 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.596509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging, which allows the real-time visualization, characterization and measurement of biological processes, is becoming increasingly used in neuroscience research. Scintigraphy techniques such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) provide qualitative and quantitative measurement of brain activity in both physiological and pathological states. Laboratory animals, and rodents in particular, are essential in neuroscience research, providing plenty of models of brain disorders. The development of innovative high-resolution small animal imaging systems together with their radiotracers pave the way to the study of brain functioning and neurotransmitter release during behavioral tasks in rodents. The assessment of local changes in the release of neurotransmitters associated with the performance of a given behavioral task is a turning point for the development of new potential drugs for psychiatric and neurological disorders. This review addresses the role of SPECT and PET small animal imaging systems for a better understanding of brain functioning in health and disease states. Brain imaging in rodent models faces a series of challenges since it acts within the boundaries of current imaging in terms of sensitivity and spatial resolution. Several topics are discussed, including technical considerations regarding the strengths and weaknesses of both technologies. Moreover, the application of some of the radioligands developed for small animal nuclear imaging studies is discussed. Then, we examine the changes in metabolic and neurotransmitter activity in various brain areas during task-induced neural activation with special regard to the imaging of opioid, dopaminergic and cannabinoid receptors. Finally, we discuss the current status providing future perspectives on the most innovative imaging techniques in small laboratory animals. The challenges and solutions discussed here might be useful to better understand brain functioning allowing the translation of preclinical results into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata D'Elia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy.,Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Schiavi
- Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Soluri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Massari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Soluri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
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Soliman MA, Guccione J, Reiter AM, Moawad AW, Etchison A, Kamel S, Khatchikian AD, Elsayes KM. Current Concepts in Multi-Modality Imaging of Solid Tumor Angiogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113239. [PMID: 33153067 PMCID: PMC7692820 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The recent increase in the use of targeted molecular therapy including anti-angiogenetic agents in cancer treatment necessitate the use of robust tools to assess and guide treatment. Angiogenesis, the formation of new disorganized blood vessels, is used by tumor cells to grow and spread using different mechanisms that could be targeted by anti-angiogenetic agents. In this review, we discuss the biological principles of tumor angiogenesis and the imaging modalities that could provide information beyond gross tumor size and morphology to capture the efficacy of anti-angiogenetic therapeutic response. Abstract There have been rapid advancements in cancer treatment in recent years, including targeted molecular therapy and the emergence of anti-angiogenic agents, which necessitate the need to quickly and accurately assess treatment response. The ideal tool is robust and non-invasive so that the treatment can be rapidly adjusted or discontinued based on efficacy. Since targeted therapies primarily affect tumor angiogenesis, morphological assessment based on tumor size alone may be insufficient, and other imaging modalities and features may be more helpful in assessing response. This review aims to discuss the biological principles of tumor angiogenesis and the multi-modality imaging evaluation of anti-angiogenic therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moataz A. Soliman
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA;
| | - Jeffrey Guccione
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Anna M. Reiter
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Ahmed W. Moawad
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Ashley Etchison
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 76798, USA;
| | - Serageldin Kamel
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Aline D. Khatchikian
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada;
| | - Khaled M. Elsayes
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Identification of ultrasound imaging markers to quantify long bone regeneration in a segmental tibial defect sheep model in vivo. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13646. [PMID: 32788593 PMCID: PMC7423946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The healing of large bone defects has been investigated for decades due to its complexity and clinical relevance. Ultrasound (US) methods have shown promise in monitoring bone healing, but no quantitative method to assess regenerated bone morphology in US images has been presented yet. In this study, we investigate new US morphometric parameters to quantify bone regeneration in vivo. A segmental tibial defect was surgically created and stabilized in a sheep animal model. US and computed tomography (CT) imaging data were collected two months post-surgery. New bone was assessed, reconstructed and quantified from the US and CT data using 3 morphometric parameters: the new-bone bulk (NBB), new-bone surface (NBS) and new-bone contact (NBC). The distance (mm) between surface reconstructions from repeated US was \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$0.89\pm 0.49$$\end{document}0.89±0.49. In the mid-shaft of the defected tibia, US measurements of NBB, NBS and NBC were significantly higher than the corresponding CT measurements (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$p < 0.001$$\end{document}p<0.001). Based on our results, we conclude that US may complement CT to reconstruct and quantify bone regrowth, especially in its early stages.
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Šileikienė V, Gurskytė V, Zeleckienė I, Bernotienė E, Čibiras S. Pulmonary artery coil embolisation prevented tumour progression in a patient with advanced squamous cell lung carcinoma. Ups J Med Sci 2020; 125:257-261. [PMID: 32352322 PMCID: PMC7721007 DOI: 10.1080/03009734.2020.1753863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Squamous cell lung carcinoma (SqCLC) is a type of non-small-cell lung cancer, accounting for 25-30% of all lung cancer cases with a median advanced stage survival of 8-11 months. Here we present a rare case of long-term survival with metastatic SqCLC following coil embolisation of the right pulmonary artery.Case presentation: The 49-year-old patient was diagnosed with stage IV (cT4N3M1) SqCLC in 2007 due to a biopsy-proven central malignant tumour in the right lung and bilateral mediastinal lymphadenopathy. A magnetic resonance imaging scan also revealed a metastatic lesion in the liver. Soon after the diagnosis, the patient experienced pulmonary haemorrhage, which was managed by obturating the intermediate bronchus and performing coil embolisation of the right pulmonary artery. The patient also received chemotherapy in 2007 and 2009 without radiological changes. At three different time points in years 2010-2019, biopsies of the primary tumour were taken. All showed dense connective tissue with no indication of cancer growth. In 2020, a positron emission tomography scan showed no pathological metabolic activity in the lungs and liver. Currently, the patient remains in a stable clinical condition with a good performance status.Conclusion: The long-term clinical benefit indicates a direct effect of coil embolisation on tumour progression. We suggest that coil embolisation of tumour-feeding arteries could be considered as a potential treatment method for patients with SqCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginija Šileikienė
- Clinic of Chest Diseases, Immunology and Allergology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Viktorija Gurskytė
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- CONTACT Viktorija Gurskytė Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio str. 21/27, LT-03101, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Zeleckienė
- Centre of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Elena Bernotienė
- Clinic of Chest Diseases, Immunology and Allergology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sigitas Čibiras
- Centre of Cardiology and Angiology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Roy J, Kuo F, Basuli F, Williams MR, Wong K, Green MV, Seidel J, Adler SS, Xu B, Choyke PL, Jagoda EM. The Distribution Volume of 18F-Albumin as a Potential Biomarker of Antiangiogenic Treatment Efficacy. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2019; 34:238-244. [PMID: 30767667 PMCID: PMC6533790 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2018.2656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: 18F-albumin, a vascular imaging agent, may have potential to assess tumor responses to anti-angiogenic therapies. In these studies tumor distribution volume of 18F-albumin were first determined in various human tumor xenografts from biodistribtuion measurments and then one of the tumor type was used to evaluate changes in 18F-albumin uptake in anti-angiognic tumor model. Method: 18F-albumin was synthesized via conjugation of 6-[18F]fluoronicotinic acid-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl ester, [18F]F-Py-TFP, with rat albumin. From the biodistribution of 18F-albumin in various human tumor xenografts tumor distribution volumes (DVs; tumor%ID/g:blood%ID/g) were first determined at various time points. Then, the ability of 18F-albumin to detect tumor angiogenic inhibition in one of these tumor types (U87MG) following treatment with sunitinib was evaluated by position emission tomography (PET) imaging at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days post treatment. Caliper measurements of tumor dimensions were also made at these same times. At Day 21, following imaging, biodistributions, autoradiography of tumor tissues and tumor blood vessel counts (CD31 IHC) were performed. Results: 18F-albumin retention in various tumors steadily increased over time with U87MG tumor exhibiting the highest uptake (DV) at all times. Significant decreases in 18F-albumin DVs were observed one week post-treatement (-39%) vs. controls whereas tumor caliper volumes were not significantly decreased until days 14 and 21. At day 21 the significant decrease in DVs in the treatment group (-44%) paralleled biodistribution DV measurements and was consistent with autoradiography and CD31 IHC findings. Conclusion: These data suggest that 18F-albumin DVs obtained by imaging may serve as an early biomarker of the effectiveness of anti-angiogenic therapy and thus aid in patient management and treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Roy
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Frank Kuo
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Falguni Basuli
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mark R. Williams
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Karen Wong
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael V. Green
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Contractor to Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick Inc.), NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jurgen Seidel
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Contractor to Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick Inc.), NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Stephen S. Adler
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Biying Xu
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Peter L. Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elaine M. Jagoda
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Accuracy of iodine density thresholds for the separation of vertebral bone metastases from healthy-appearing trabecular bone in spectral detector computed tomography. Eur Radiol 2018; 29:3253-3261. [PMID: 30523450 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate quantitative iodine density mapping (IDM) with spectral detector computed tomography (SDCT) as a quantitative biomarker for separation of vertebral trabecular bone metastases (BM) from healthy-appearing trabecular bone (HTB). MATERIALS AND METHODS IRB-approved retrospective single-center-study of portal venous SDCT datasets acquired between June 2016 and March 2017. Inclusion of 43 consecutive cancer patients with BM and 40 without. Target lesions and non-affected control vertebrae were defined using follow-up imaging, MRI, and/or bone scintigraphy. ID and standard deviation were determined with ROI measures by two readers in (a) bone metastases, (b) HTB of BM patients and controls, and (c) ID of various vessels. Volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) of the lumbar spine and age were recorded. Multivariate ROC analyses und Wilcoxon test were used to determine thresholds for separation of BM and HTB. p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS ID measurements of 40 target lesions and 83 reference measurements of HTB were acquired. Age (p < 0.0001) and vBMD (p < 0.05) affected ID measurements independently in multivariate models. There were significant differences of ID between metastases (n = 43) and HTB ID (n = 124; mean 5.5 ± 0.9 vs. 3.5 ± 0.9; p < 0.0001), however, with considerable overlap. In univariate analysis, increased ID discriminated bone lesions (AUC 0.90) with a maximum combined specificity/sensitivity of 77.5%/90.7% when applying a threshold of 4.5 mg/ml. Multivariate regression models improved significantly when considering vBMD, the noise of ID, and vertebral venous ID (AUC 0.98). CONCLUSION IDM of SDCT yielded a statistical separation of vertebral bone lesions and HTB. Adjustment for confounders such as age and lumbar vBMD as well as for vertebral venous ID and lesion heterogeneity improved discrimination of trabecular lesions. KEY POINTS • SDCT iodine density mapping provides the possibility for quantitative analysis of iodine uptake in tissue, which allows to differentiate bone lesions from healthy bone marrow. • Age and vBMD have a significant impact on iodine density measurements. • Iodine density measured in SDCT yielded highest sensitivity and specificity for the statistical differentiation of vertebral trabecular metastases and healthy trabecular bone using an iodine density threshold of 4.5 mg/ml (most performant)-5.0 mg/ml (optimized for specificity).
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Marcu LG, Moghaddasi L, Bezak E. Imaging of Tumor Characteristics and Molecular Pathways With PET: Developments Over the Last Decade Toward Personalized Cancer Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 102:1165-1182. [PMID: 29907486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Improvements in personalized therapy are made possible by the advances in molecular biology that led to developments in molecular imaging, allowing highly specific in vivo imaging of biological processes. Positron emission tomography (PET) is the most specific and sensitive imaging technique for in vivo molecular targets and pathways, offering quantification and evaluation of functional properties of the targeted anatomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This work is an integrative research review that summarizes and evaluates the accumulated current status of knowledge of recent advances in PET imaging for cancer diagnosis and treatment, concentrating on novel radiotracers and evaluating their advantages and disadvantages in cancer characterization. Medline search was conducted, limited to English publications from 2007 onward. Identified manuscripts were evaluated for most recent developments in PET imaging of cancer hypoxia, angiogenesis, proliferation, and clonogenic cancer stem cells (CSC). RESULTS There is an expansion observed from purely metabolic-based PET imaging toward antibody-based PET to achieve more information on cancer characteristics to identify hypoxia, proangiogenic factors, CSC, and others. 64Cu-ATSM, for example, can be used both as a hypoxia and a CSC marker. CONCLUSIONS Progress in the field of functional imaging will possibly lead to more specific tumor targeting and personalized treatment, increasing tumor control and improving quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Gabriela Marcu
- Faculty of Science, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania; Cancer Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA, Australia
| | - Leyla Moghaddasi
- GenesisCare, Tennyson Centre, Adelaide SA, Australia; Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, Australia
| | - Eva Bezak
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA, Australia; Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, Australia.
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Kumar K, Ghosh A. 18F-AlF Labeled Peptide and Protein Conjugates as Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Pharmaceuticals. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:953-975. [PMID: 29463084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The clinical applications of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging pharmaceuticals have increased tremendously over the past several years since the approval of 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Numerous 18F-labeled target-specific potential imaging pharmaceuticals, based on small and large molecules, have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical settings. 18F-labeling of organic moieties involves the introduction of the radioisotope by C-18F bond formation via a nucleophilic or an electrophilic substitution reaction. However, biomolecules, such as peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides, cannot be radiolabeled via a C-18F bond formation as these reactions involve harsh conditions, including organic solvents, high temperature, and nonphysiological conditions. Several approaches, including 18F-labeled prosthetic groups, silicon, boron, and aluminum fluoride acceptor chemistry, and click chemistry have been developed, in the past, for 18F labeling of biomolecules. Linear and macrocyclic polyaminocarboxylates and their analogs and derivatives form thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert aluminum chelates. Hence, macrocyclic polyaminocarboxylates have been used for conjugation with biomolecules, such as folate, peptides, affibodies, and protein fragments, followed by 18F-AlF chelation, and evaluation of their targeting abilities in preclinical and clinical environments. The goal of this report is to provide an overview of the 18F radiochemistry and 18F-labeling methodologies for small molecules and target-specific biomolecules, a comprehensive review of coordination chemistry of Al3+, 18F-AlF labeling of peptide and protein conjugates, and evaluation of 18F-labeled biomolecule conjugates as potential imaging pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43212 , United States
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43212 , United States
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Jain A, Chakraborty S, Sarma HD, Dash A. A Systematic Comparative Evaluation of 68Ga-Labeled RGD Peptides Conjugated with Different Chelators. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 52:125-134. [PMID: 29662561 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-017-0499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present paper reports a systematic study on the effect of bifunctional chelators (BFC) namely, NOTA, DOTA, and DTPA, on the radiochemical formulation, in vitro stability, and in vivo biological properties of 68Ga-labeled RGD peptide derivatives. Methods The three RGD conjugates namely, NOTA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2, DOTA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2, and DTPA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2 were radiolabeled with 68Ga and the radiolabeling was optimized with respect to the ligand amount, radiolabeling time, and temperature. Further, the 68Ga complexes were assessed for their in vitro and in vivo stabilities. The biodistribution studies of the three radiolabeled conjugates were carried out in C57BL/6 mice bearing melanoma tumor at 30 min and 1 h post-adimistration. Results NOTA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2 could be radiolabeled with 68Ga at room temperature while DOTA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2 and DTPA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2 were radiolabeled at high temperature. 68Ga-NOTA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2 was found to be the most kinetically rigid in in vitro stability assay. The uptake of the three radiolabeled peptide conjugates in melanoma tumor was comparable at 1 h post-administration (NOTA; DOTA; DTPA (% I.D./g):: 2.78 ± 0.38; 3.08 ± 1.1; 3.36 ± 0.49). However, the tumor/background ratio of 68Ga-NOTA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2 was the best amongst the three radiotracers. 68Ga-complexes of NOTA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2 and DOTA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2 showed excellent in vivo stability while 68Ga-DTPA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2 showed significant metabolic degradation. Conclusion These studies show that 68Ga-NOTA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2 would be the most appropriate 68Ga-labeled radiotracer and the most amenable for kit formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Jain
- 1Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085 India.,2Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400 094 India
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- 1Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085 India.,2Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400 094 India
| | - H D Sarma
- 3Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre,Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085 India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- 1Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085 India.,2Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400 094 India
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12
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Lauber DT, Fülöp A, Kovács T, Szigeti K, Máthé D, Szijártó A. State of the art in vivo imaging techniques for laboratory animals. Lab Anim 2017; 51:465-478. [PMID: 28948893 DOI: 10.1177/0023677217695852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, imaging devices have become indispensable tools in the basic sciences, in preclinical research and in modern drug development. The rapidly evolving high-resolution in vivo imaging technologies provide a unique opportunity for studying biological processes of living organisms in real time on a molecular level. State of the art small-animal imaging modalities provide non-invasive images rich in quantitative anatomical and functional information, which renders longitudinal studies possible allowing precise monitoring of disease progression and response to therapy in models of different diseases. The number of animals in a scientific investigation can be substantially reduced using imaging techniques, which is in full compliance with the ethical endeavours for the 3R (reduction, refinement, replacement) policies formulated by Russell and Burch; furthermore, biological variability can be alleviated, as each animal serves as its own control. The most suitable and commonly used imaging modalities for in vivo small-animal imaging are optical imaging (OI), ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and finally the methods of nuclear medicine: positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tibor Lauber
- 1 Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery Research Center Hungary, 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Fülöp
- 1 Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery Research Center Hungary, 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kovács
- 1 Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery Research Center Hungary, 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- 2 Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Szigeti
- 2 Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domokos Máthé
- 2 Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- 3 CROmed Translational Research Centers Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Szijártó
- 1 Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery Research Center Hungary, 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Doll S, Woolum K, Kumar K. Radiolabeling of a cyclic RGD (cyclo Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Tyr-Lys) peptide using sodium hypochlorite as an oxidizing agent. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 59:462-6. [PMID: 27577980 PMCID: PMC6085888 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid nonradioactive iodide labeling/radiolabeling method for peptides, using an inexpensive oxidizing agent such as sodium hypochlorite and a cyclic peptide, cRGDyK (cyclo Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Tyr-Lys), was developed in this work. Labeling reaction was optimized by conducting experiments under variable ratios of the reagents, the reaction times, and the pH. The study demonstrated that radiolabeling of the cyclic peptide was fast and pH independent. Monoiodinated and di-iodinated cRGDyK were formed under all conditions and varied with the ratio of the reagents and the reaction time. Total percent of the iodinated cRGDyK (monoiodinated and di-iodinated cRGDyK) varied between 44 and 100 depending on the reaction conditions. Excess cyclic peptide over equal molar ratio of sodium iodide and sodium hypochlorite yielded in predominant amounts of monoiodinated cRGDyK, ie, >60% under 2:1:1 ratio and ~88% under 5:1:1 ratio of cRGDyK:sodium iodide:sodium hypochlorite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Doll
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Karen Woolum
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA.
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Szyszko TA, Yip C, Szlosarek P, Goh V, Cook GJR. The role of new PET tracers for lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2016; 94:7-14. [PMID: 26973200 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) is established for characterising indeterminate pulmonary nodules and staging lung cancer where there is curative intent. Whilst a sensitive technique, specificity for characterising lung cancer is limited. There is recognition that evaluation of other aspects of abnormal cancer biology in addition to glucose metabolism may be more helpful in characterising tumours and predicting response to novel targeted cancer therapeutics. Therefore, efforts have been made to develop and evaluate new radiopharmaceuticals in order to improve the sensitivity and specificity of PET imaging in lung cancer with regards to characterisation, treatment stratification and therapeutic monitoring. 18F-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) is a marker of cellular proliferation. It shows a lower accumulation in tumours than 18F-FDG as it only accumulates in the cells that are in the S phase of growth and demonstrates a low sensitivity for nodal staging. Its main role is in evaluating treatment response. Methionine is an essential amino acid. 11C-methionine is more specific and sensitive than 18F-FDG in differentiating benign and malignant thoracic nodules. 18Ffluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO) is used for imaging tumour hypoxia. Tumour response to treatment is significantly related to the level of tumour oxygenation. Angiogenesis is the process by which new blood vessels are formed in tumours and is involved in tumour growth and metastatic tumour spread and is a therapeutic target. Most clinical studies have focused on targeted integrin PET imaging of which αvβ3 integrin is the most extensively investigated. It is upregulated on activated endothelial cells in association with tumour angiogenesis. Neuroendocrine tumour tracers, particularly 68Ga-DOTA-peptides, have an established role in imaging of carcinoid tumours. Whilst most of these tracers have predominantly been used in the research environment, they offer exciting opportunities for improving staging, characterisation, stratification and response assessment in an era of increased personalised therapy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Szyszko
- King's College London and Guy's & St. Thomas' PET Centre, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; Department of Cancer Imaging, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Connie Yip
- King's College London and Guy's & St. Thomas' PET Centre, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; Department of Cancer Imaging, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Peter Szlosarek
- Lung and Mesothelioma Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, KGV Basement, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Vicky Goh
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK; Radiology Department, Guys & St. Thomas' NHS Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Gary J R Cook
- King's College London and Guy's & St. Thomas' PET Centre, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; Department of Cancer Imaging, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK.
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Chakraborty S, Chakravarty R, Vatsa R, Bhusari P, Sarma HD, Shukla J, Mittal BR, Dash A. Toward realization of 'mix-and-use' approach in ⁶⁸Ga radiopharmacy: preparation, evaluation and preliminary clinical utilization of ⁶⁸Ga-labeled NODAGA-coupled RGD peptide derivative. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 43:116-123. [PMID: 26527030 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present article demonstrates a 'mix-and-use' approach for radiolabeling RGD peptide derivative with (68)Ga, which is easily adaptable in hospital radiopharmacy practice. The radiotracer thus formulated was successfully used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of breast cancer in human patients. METHODS The conditions for radiolabeling NODAGA-coupled dimeric cyclic RGD peptide derivative [NODAGA-(RGD)2] with (68)Ga were optimized using (68)Ga obtained from a (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator developed in-house with CeO2-PAN composite sorbent as well as from a commercial (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator obtained from ITG, Germany. Preclinical studies were carried out in C57BL/6 mice bearing melanoma tumors. The radiotracer was prepared in a hospital radiopharmacy using (68)Ga obtained from ITG generator and used for monitoring breast cancer patients by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. RESULTS (68)Ga-NODAGA-(RGD)2 could be prepared with high radiolabeling yield (>98%) and specific activity (~50 GBq/μmol) within 10 min at room temperature by mixing (68)Ga with the solution of the peptide conjugate. In vivo biodistribution studies showed significant uptake (5.24±0.39% ID/g) in melanoma tumor at 30 min post-injection, with high tumor-to-background contrast. The integrin αvβ3 specificity of the tracer was corroborated by blocking study. Preliminary clinical studies in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients indicated specifically high tumor uptake (SUVmax 10-15) with good contrast. CONCLUSIONS This is one of the very few reports which presents preliminary clinical data on use of (68)Ga-NODAGA-(RGD)2 and the developed 'mix-and-use' holds tremendous prospect in clinical PET imaging using (68)Ga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Chakraborty
- Isotope Production and Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Rubel Chakravarty
- Isotope Production and Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Rakhee Vatsa
- Department of Nuclear Medine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Priya Bhusari
- Department of Nuclear Medine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - H D Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Jaya Shukla
- Department of Nuclear Medine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - B R Mittal
- Department of Nuclear Medine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Isotope Production and Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
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García-Figueiras R, Padhani AR, Beer AJ, Baleato-González S, Vilanova JC, Luna A, Oleaga L, Gómez-Caamaño A, Koh DM. Imaging of Tumor Angiogenesis for Radiologists—Part 1: Biological and Technical Basis. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2015; 44:407-24. [DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Yu HM, Chen JH, Lin KL, Lin WJ. Synthesis of68Ga-labeled NOTA-RGD-GE11 heterodimeric peptide for dual integrin and epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted tumor imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015; 58:299-303. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Man Yu
- Isotope Application Division; Institute of Nuclear Energy Research; Longtan District Taoyuan City Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Hong Chen
- Isotope Application Division; Institute of Nuclear Energy Research; Longtan District Taoyuan City Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan City Taiwan
| | - Kun-Liang Lin
- Isotope Application Division; Institute of Nuclear Energy Research; Longtan District Taoyuan City Taiwan
| | - Wuu-Jyh Lin
- Isotope Application Division; Institute of Nuclear Energy Research; Longtan District Taoyuan City Taiwan
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Kuo F, Histed S, Xu B, Bhadrasetty V, Szajek LP, Williams MR, Wong K, Wu H, Lane K, Coble V, Vasalatiy O, Griffiths G, Paik CH, Elbuluk O, Szot C, Chaudhary A, St. Croix B, Choyke P, Jagoda EM. Immuno-PET imaging of tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8). Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3996-4006. [PMID: 24984190 PMCID: PMC4224515 DOI: 10.1021/mp500056d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8) is a cell surface receptor that is highly expressed in a variety of human tumors and promotes tumor angiogenesis and cell growth. Antibodies targeting TEM8 block tumor angiogenesis in a manner distinct from the VEGF receptor pathway. Development of a TEM8 imaging agent could aid in patient selection for specific antiangiogenic therapies and for response monitoring. In these studies, L2, a therapeutic anti-TEM8 monoclonal IgG antibody (L2mAb), was labeled with (89)Zr and evaluated in vitro and in vivo in TEM8 expressing cells and mouse xenografts (NCI-H460, DLD-1) as a potential TEM8 immuno-PET imaging agent. (89)Zr-df-L2mAb was synthesized using a desferioxamine-L2mAb conjugate (df-L2mAb); (125)I-L2mAb was labeled directly. In vitro binding studies were performed using human derived cell lines with high, moderate, and low/undetectable TEM8 expression. (89)Zr-df-L2mAb in vitro autoradiography studies and CD31 IHC staining were performed with cryosections from human tumor xenografts (NCI-H460, DLD-1, MKN-45, U87-MG, T-47D, and A-431). Confirmatory TEM8 Western blots were performed with the same tumor types and cells. (89)Zr-df-L2mAb biodistribution and PET imaging studies were performed in NCI-H460 and DLD-1 xenografts in nude mice. (125)I-L2mAb and (89)Zr-df-L2mAb exhibited specific and high affinity binding to TEM8 that was consistent with TEM8 expression levels. In NCI-H460 and DLD-1 mouse xenografts nontarget tissue uptake of (89)Zr-df-L2mAb was similar; the liver and spleen exhibited the highest uptake at all time points. (89)Zr-L2mAb was highly retained in NCI-H460 tumors with <10% losses from day 1 to day 3 with the highest tumor to muscle ratios (T:M) occurring at day 3. DLD-1 tumors exhibited similar pharmacokinetics, but tumor uptake and T:M ratios were reduced ∼2-fold in comparison to NCI-H460 at all time points. NCI-H460 and DLD-1 tumors were easily visualized in PET imaging studies despite low in vitro TEM8 expression in DLD-1 cells indicating that in vivo expression might be higher in DLD-1 tumors. From in vitro autoradiography studies (89)Zr-df-L2mAb specific binding was found in 6 tumor types (U87-MG, NCI-H460, T-47D MKN-45, A-431, and DLD-1) which highly correlated to vessel density (CD31 IHC). Westerns blots confirmed the presence of TEM8 in the 6 tumor types but found undetectable TEM8 levels in DLD-1 and MKN-45 cells. This data would indicate that TEM8 is associated with the tumor vasculature rather than the tumor tissue, thus explaining the increased TEM8 expression in DLD-1 tumors compared to DLD-1 cell cultures. (89)Zr-df-L2mAb specifically targeted TEM8 in vitro and in vivo although the in vitro expression was not necessarily predictive of in vivo expression which seemed to be associated with the tumor vasculature. In mouse models, (89)Zr-df-L2mAb tumor uptakes and T:M ratios were sufficient for visualization during PET imaging. These results would suggest that a TEM8 targeted PET imaging agent, such as (89)Zr-df-L2mAb, may have potential clinical, diagnostic, and prognostic applications by providing a quantitative measure of tumor angiogenesis and patient selection for future TEM8 directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Kuo
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
| | - Stephanie Histed
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
| | - Biying Xu
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National
Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National
Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892-3372, United States
| | - Veerendra Bhadrasetty
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
| | - Lawrence P. Szajek
- PET Department and Nuclear Medicine Division,
Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Mark R. Williams
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
| | - Karen Wong
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
| | - Haitao Wu
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National
Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National
Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892-3372, United States
| | - Kelly Lane
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National
Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National
Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892-3372, United States
| | - Vincent Coble
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National
Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National
Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892-3372, United States
| | - Olga Vasalatiy
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National
Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National
Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892-3372, United States
| | - Gary
L. Griffiths
- Clinical Research Directorate/CMRP, Leidos
Biomedical Research Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Chang H. Paik
- PET Department and Nuclear Medicine Division,
Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Osama Elbuluk
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
| | - Christopher Szot
- Tumor Angiogenesis Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Amit Chaudhary
- Tumor Angiogenesis Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Brad St. Croix
- Tumor Angiogenesis Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Peter Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
| | - Elaine M. Jagoda
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, United States
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Chen IY, Gheysens O, Li Z, Rasooly JA, Wang Q, Paulmurugan R, Rosenberg J, Rodriguez-Porcel M, Willmann JK, Wang DS, Contag CH, Robbins RC, Wu JC, Gambhir SS. Noninvasive imaging of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α gene therapy for myocardial ischemia. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2014; 24:279-88. [PMID: 23937265 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2013.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) gene therapy holds great promise for the treatment of myocardial ischemia. Both preclinical and clinical evaluations of this therapy are underway and can benefit from a vector strategy that allows noninvasive assessment of HIF-1α expression as an objective measure of gene delivery. We have developed a novel bidirectional plasmid vector (pcTnT-HIF-1α-VP2-TSTA-fluc), which employs the cardiac troponin T (cTnT) promoter in conjunction with a two-step transcriptional amplification (TSTA) system to drive the linked expression of a recombinant HIF-1α gene (HIF-1α-VP2) and the firefly luciferase gene (fluc). The firefly luciferase (FLuc) activity serves as a surrogate for HIF-1α-VP2 expression, and can be noninvasively assessed in mice using bioluminescence imaging after vector delivery. Transfection of cultured HL-1 cardiomyocytes with pcTnT-HIF-1α-VP2-TSTA-fluc led to a strong correlation between FLuc and HIF-1α-dependent vascular endothelial growth factor expression (r(2)=0.88). Intramyocardial delivery of pcTnT-HIF-1α-VP2-TSTA-fluc into infarcted mouse myocardium led to persistent HIF-1α-VP2 expression for 4 weeks, even though it improved neither CD31+ microvessel density nor echocardiographically determined left ventricular systolic function. These results lend support to recent findings of suboptimal efficacy associated with plasmid-mediated HIF-1α therapy. The imaging techniques developed herein should be useful for further optimizing HIF-1α-VP2 therapy in preclinical models of myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Y Chen
- 1 Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, and Material Science & Engineering, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305
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21
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Cai H, Conti PS. RGD-based PET tracers for imaging receptor integrin αv β3 expression. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:264-79. [PMID: 24285371 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of receptor integrin αv β3 expression may play a key role in the early detection of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, monitoring disease progression, evaluating therapeutic response, and aiding anti-angiogenic drugs discovery and development. The last decade has seen the development of new PET tracers for in vivo imaging of integrin αv β3 expression along with advances in PET chemistry. In this review, we will focus on the radiochemistry development of PET tracers based on arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide, present an overview of general strategies for preparing RGD-based PET tracers, and review the recent advances in preparations of (18) F-labeled, (64) Cu-labeled, and (68) Ga-labeled RGD tracers, RGD-based PET multivalent probes, and RGD-based PET multimodality probes for imaging receptor integrin αv β3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hancheng Cai
- PET Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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Rege A, Seifert AC, Schlattman D, Ouyang Y, Li KW, Basaldella L, Brem H, Tyler BM, Thakor NV. Longitudinal in vivo monitoring of rodent glioma models through thinned skull using laser speckle contrast imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:126017. [PMID: 23235836 PMCID: PMC3519490 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.12.126017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a contrast agent free imaging technique suited for longitudinal assessment of vascular remodeling that accompanies brain tumor growth. We report the use of LSCI to monitor vascular changes in a rodent glioma model. Ten rats are inoculated with 9L gliosarcoma cells, and the angiogenic response is monitored five times over two weeks through a thinned skull imaging window. We are able to visualize neovascularization and measure the number of vessels per unit area to assess quantitatively the microvessel density (MVD). Spatial spread of MVD reveals regions of high MVD that may correspond to tumor location. Whole-field average MVD values increase with time in the tumor group but are fairly stable in the control groups. Statistical analysis shows significant differences in MVD values between the tumor group and both saline-receiving and unperturbed control groups over the two-week period (p<0.05). In conclusion, LSCI is suitable for investigation of tumor angiogenesis in rodent models. In addition, the statistical difference (p<0.02) between MVD values of the tumor (24.40 ± 1.41) and control groups (15.40 ± 1.60) on the 14th day after inoculation suggests a potential use of LSCI in the clinic in distinguishing tumor environments from normal vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Rege
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Dan Schlattman
- Infinite Biomedical Technologies LLC, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yu Ouyang
- Infinite Biomedical Technologies LLC, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Khan W. Li
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Neurosurgery, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Luca Basaldella
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Neurosurgery, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Henry Brem
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Neurosurgery, Baltimore, Maryland
- Johns Hopkins University, Departments of Oncology and Ophthalmology, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Betty M. Tyler
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Neurosurgery, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nitish V. Thakor
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland
- Infinite Biomedical Technologies LLC, Baltimore, Maryland
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Emerging optical and nuclear medicine imaging methods in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2012; 8:719-28. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2012.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wu JM, Staton CA. Anti-angiogenic drug discovery: lessons from the past and thoughts for the future. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012; 7:723-43. [PMID: 22716277 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2012.695774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the pioneering work of Judah Folkman, the discovery of bevacizumab has introduced the use of anti-angiogenic agents as a new modality for the treatment of cancer. Currently, hundreds of clinical trials involving anti-angiogenic agents, targeting different elements of the tumour angiogenesis pathway, are underway. However, thus far, the benefits of anti-angiogenic therapy in unselected patient populations are often marginal with harmful side effects. AREAS COVERED This article presents a detailed discussion of the lessons learnt from the use of bevacizumab and other VEGF pathway inhibitors in the clinical setting. Specifically, this article provides a review of the literature on anti-VEGF agents and other angiogenesis inhibitors used in pre-clinical and clinical trials for cancer treatment. EXPERT OPINION Future anti-angiogenic drug design centres on multiple protein targets and combinations including: growth factors, hypoxia-inducible factor and tumour endothelial cell markers unique to the tumour vasculature. Furthermore, treatment dosing, scheduling and combination with radiation and chemotherapy require further investigation, as does the potential of treating early disease, and the development of biomarkers which accurately predict response to therapy. These are essential for the future development of these drugs with individualised therapy likely to be the ultimate goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie M Wu
- University of Sheffield, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, CR-UK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Microcirculation Research Group, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2RX, UK
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Abstract
It has been 40 years since Folkman hypothesized the use of anti-angiogenic therapy as a strategy in the treatment of cancer. Since then, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been identified as the most potent cytokine to induce angiogenesis and drugs targeting VEGF, principally the humanized monoclonal antibody bevacizumab and the tyrosine kinase inhibitors sunitinib and sorafenib, have proven therapeutic benefit. The initial high expectations of tumor vascular targeting agents, however, have yet to be fulfilled. In unselected patient populations, the benefits of these agents is often marginal, they cause harmful side effects, and drug resistance is quickly established. Biomarkers to identify patients suitable for anti-angiogenic therapy will be key to the future development of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Young
- Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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26
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Abstract
Patient management in oncology increasingly relies on imaging for diagnosis, response assessment, and follow-up. The clinical availability of combined functional/anatomical imaging modalities, which integrate the benefits of visualizing tumor biology with those of high-resolution structural imaging, revolutionized clinical management of oncologic patients. Conventional high-resolution anatomical imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and MRI excel at providing details on lesion location, size, morphology, and structural changes to adjacent tissues; however, these modalities provide little insight into tumor physiology. With the increasing focus on molecularly targeted therapies, imaging radiolabeled compounds with PET and single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) is often carried out to provide insight into a tumor's biological functions and its surrounding microenvironment. Despite their high sensitivity and specificity, PET and SPECT alone are substantially limited by low spatial resolution and inability to provide anatomical detail. Integrating SPECT or PET with a modality capable of providing these (i.e. CT or MR) maximizes their separate strengths and provides anatomical localization of physiological processes with detailed visualization of a tumor's structure. The availability of multimodality (hybrid) imaging with PET/CT, SPECT/CT, and PET/MR improves our ability to characterize lesions and affect treatment decisions and patient management. We have just begun to exploit the truly synergistic capabilities of multimodality imaging. Continued advances in the development of instrumentation and imaging agents will improve our ability to noninvasively characterize disease processes. This review will discuss the evolution of hybrid imaging technology and provide examples of its current and potential future clinical uses.
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Robich MP, Chu LM, Oyamada S, Sodha NR, Sellke FW. Myocardial therapeutic angiogenesis: a review of the state of development and future obstacles. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2012; 9:1469-79. [PMID: 22059795 DOI: 10.1586/erc.11.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A significant percentage of patients have coronary artery disease that is too advanced or diffuse for percutaneous or surgical intervention. Therapeutic angiogenesis is a treatment modality to induce vessel formation that is being developed for patients with advanced coronary disease not amenable to currently available interventions. A number of approaches to induce coronary collateralization are being developed. These include gene, protein, cellular and miRNA modalities, each of which have advantages and disadvantages. At this time, no modality has emerged as the single clear choice, and combination therapies may provide synergistic benefits. However, there have been a number of recent studies advancing our knowledge as to how we can refine procollateralizing treatments. In this article, we will examine some recent successes and future obstacles in the effort to bring therapeutic angiogenesis to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Robich
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
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Robbins ME, Brunso-Bechtold JK, Peiffer AM, Tsien CI, Bailey JE, Marks LB. Imaging radiation-induced normal tissue injury. Radiat Res 2012; 177:449-66. [PMID: 22348250 DOI: 10.1667/rr2530.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Technological developments in radiation therapy and other cancer therapies have led to a progressive increase in five-year survival rates over the last few decades. Although acute effects have been largely minimized by both technical advances and medical interventions, late effects remain a concern. Indeed, the need to identify those individuals who will develop radiation-induced late effects, and to develop interventions to prevent or ameliorate these late effects is a critical area of radiobiology research. In the last two decades, preclinical studies have clearly established that late radiation injury can be prevented/ameliorated by pharmacological therapies aimed at modulating the cascade of events leading to the clinical expression of radiation-induced late effects. These insights have been accompanied by significant technological advances in imaging that are moving radiation oncology and normal tissue radiobiology from disciplines driven by anatomy and macrostructure to ones in which important quantitative functional, microstructural, and metabolic data can be noninvasively and serially determined. In the current article, we review use of positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR spectroscopy to generate pathophysiological and functional data in the central nervous system, lung, and heart that offer the promise of, (1) identifying individuals who are at risk of developing radiation-induced late effects, and (2) monitoring the efficacy of interventions to prevent/ameliorate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike E Robbins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
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Flexman ML, Vlachos F, Kim HK, Sirsi SR, Huang J, Hernandez SL, Johung TB, Gander JW, Reichstein AR, Lampl BS, Wang A, Borden MA, Yamashiro DJ, Kandel JJ, Hielscher AH. Monitoring early tumor response to drug therapy with diffuse optical tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:016014. [PMID: 22352664 PMCID: PMC3380816 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.1.016014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although anti-angiogenic agents have shown promise as cancer therapeutics, their efficacy varies between tumor types and individual patients. Providing patient-specific metrics through rapid noninvasive imaging can help tailor drug treatment by optimizing dosages, timing of drug cycles, and duration of therapy-thereby reducing toxicity and cost and improving patient outcome. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a noninvasive three-dimensional imaging modality that has been shown to capture physiologic changes in tumors through visualization of oxygenated, deoxygenated, and total hemoglobin concentrations, using non-ionizing radiation with near-infrared light. We employed a small animal model to ascertain if tumor response to bevacizumab (BV), an anti-angiogenic agent that targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), could be detected at early time points using DOT. We detected a significant decrease in total hemoglobin levels as soon as one day after BV treatment in responder xenograft tumors (SK-NEP-1), but not in SK-NEP-1 control tumors or in non-responder control or BV-treated NGP tumors. These results are confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging T2 relaxometry and lectin perfusion studies. Noninvasive DOT imaging may allow for earlier and more effective control of anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly L. Flexman
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, New York 10027
- Address all correspondence to: Andreas H. Hielscher, Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 351 Engineering Terrace, 500 W. 120th Ave, New York, New York 10027. Tel: 212-854-5080; E-mail:
| | - Fotios Vlachos
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, New York 10027
| | - Hyun Keol Kim
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, New York 10027
| | - Shashank R. Sirsi
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Chemical Engineering, New York, New York 10027
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Jianzhong Huang
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Surgery, New York, New York 10032
| | - Sonia L. Hernandez
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, New York, New York 10032
| | - Tessa B. Johung
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Surgery, New York, New York 10032
| | - Jeffrey W. Gander
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Surgery, New York, New York 10032
| | - Ari R. Reichstein
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Surgery, New York, New York 10032
| | - Brooke S. Lampl
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Radiology, New York, New York 10032
| | - Antai Wang
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York 10032
| | - Mark A. Borden
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Chemical Engineering, New York, New York 10027
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Darrell J. Yamashiro
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Surgery, New York, New York 10032
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, New York, New York 10032
| | - Jessica J. Kandel
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Surgery, New York, New York 10032
| | - Andreas H. Hielscher
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, New York 10027
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Radiology, New York, New York 10032
- Columbia University, New York, Department of Electrical Engineering, New York, New York 10027
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Valdivia AC, Estrada M, Hadizad T, Stewart DJ, Beanlands RS, DaSilva JN. A fast, simple, and reproducible automated synthesis of [18F]FPyKYNE-c(RGDyK) for αvβ3 receptor positron emission tomography imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Valdivia
- National Cardiac PET Centre; University of Ottawa Heart Institute; 40 Ruskin Street; Ottawa; ON; Canada; K1Y4W7
| | - Miriam Estrada
- National Cardiac PET Centre; University of Ottawa Heart Institute; 40 Ruskin Street; Ottawa; ON; Canada; K1Y4W7
| | - Tayebeh Hadizad
- National Cardiac PET Centre; University of Ottawa Heart Institute; 40 Ruskin Street; Ottawa; ON; Canada; K1Y4W7
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Weis SM, Cheresh DA. Tumor angiogenesis: molecular pathways and therapeutic targets. Nat Med 2011; 17:1359-70. [PMID: 22064426 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1265] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Noninvasive in vivo imaging of lymphatic vessels and lymphatic nodes is expected to fulfill the purpose of analyzing lymphatic vessels and their function, understanding molecular mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic spread of tumors, and utilizing lymphatic molecular markers as a prognostic or diagnostic indicator. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of in vivo imaging modalities for detecting lymphatic vessels, lymphatic drainage, and lymphatic nodes, which include conventional lymphatic imaging techniques such as dyes and radionuclide scintigraphy as well as novel techniques for lymphatic imaging such as optical imaging, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, positron emission tomography using lymphatic biomarkers, photoacoustic imaging, and combinations of multiple modalities. The field of lymphatic imaging is ever evolving, and technological advances, combined with the development of new contrast agents, continue to improve the research of lymphatic vascular system in health and disease states as well as to improve the accuracy of diagnosis in the relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Current molecular imaging positron emitting radiotracers in oncology. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011; 45:1-14. [PMID: 24899972 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-011-0075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging is one of the fastest growing areas of medical imaging. Positron emission tomography (PET) has been widely used in the clinical management of patients with cancer. Nuclear imaging provides biological information at the cellular, subcellular, and molecular level in living subjects with non-invasive procedures. In particular, PET imaging takes advantage of traditional diagnostic imaging techniques and introduces positron-emitting probes to determine the expression of indicative molecular targets at different stages of cancer. (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG), the only FDA approved oncological PET tracer, has been widely utilized in cancer diagnosis, staging, restaging, and even monitoring response to therapy; however, (18)F-FDG is not a tumor-specific PET tracer. Over the last decade, many promising tumor-specific PET tracers have been developed and evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. This review provides an overview of the current non-(18)F-FDG PET tracers in oncology that have been developed based on tumor characteristics such as increased metabolism, hyperproliferation, angiogenesis, hypoxia, apoptosis, and tumor-specific antigens and surface receptors.
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Haubner R, Beer AJ, Wang H, Chen X. Positron emission tomography tracers for imaging angiogenesis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2010; 37 Suppl 1:S86-103. [PMID: 20559632 PMCID: PMC3629959 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-010-1503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Position emission tomography imaging of angiogenesis may provide non-invasive insights into the corresponding molecular processes and may be applied for individualized treatment planning of antiangiogenic therapies. At the moment, most strategies are focusing on the development of radiolabelled proteins and antibody formats targeting VEGF and its receptor or the ED-B domain of a fibronectin isoform as well as radiolabelled matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors or alpha(v)beta(3) integrin antagonists. Great efforts are being made to develop suitable tracers for different target structures. All of the major strategies focusing on the development of radiolabelled compounds for use with positron emission tomography are summarized in this review. However, because the most intensive work is concentrated on the development of radiolabelled RGD peptides for imaging alpha(v)beta(3) expression, which has successfully made its way from bench to bedside, these developments are especially emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Haubner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria.
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Sun X, Niu G, Yan Y, Yang M, Chen K, Ma Y, Chan N, Shen B, Chen X. Phage display-derived peptides for osteosarcoma imaging. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:4268-77. [PMID: 20570932 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteosarcoma represents the most common malignant primary bone tumor in childhood; however, the survival rate has remained unchanged for the past 20 years. To improve existing diagnosis and treatment methods and broaden the spectrum of imaging agents that can be used for early detection and assessment of tumor response to therapy, we performed a phage display-based screening for peptide sequences that bind specifically to osteosarcoma cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN From the Ph.D.-12 phage display peptide library composed of 2.7 x 10(9) different displayed peptides, one peptide was enriched after four rounds of in vitro selection in 143B osteosarcoma tumor cells with 293T human embryonic kidney cells as a control. Both the peptide and the phage clone displaying the peptide were conjugated with fluorescent dyes for in vitro cell and ex vivo tumor tissue stainings. The peptide was further labeled with (18)F for positron emission tomography imaging studies. Cell uptake and efflux and ex vivo biodistribution were also done with (18)F-labeled osteosarcoma specific peptide. RESULTS ASGALSPSRLDT was the dominant sequence isolated from biopanning and named as OSP-1. OSP-1 shares a significant homology with heparinase II/III family protein, which binds and reacts with heparan sulfate proteoglycans. The fluorescence staining showed that FITC-OSP-1-phage or Cy5.5-OSP-1 had high binding with a panel of osteosarcoma cell lines, much less binding with UM-SCC1 human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells, and almost no binding with 293T cells, whereas the scrambled peptide OSP-S had virtually no binding to all the cell lines. (18)F-OSP-1 had significantly higher accumulation in 143B tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo than (18)F-OSP-S. (18)F-OSP-1 also had higher uptake in 143B tumors than in UM-SCC-1 tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that OSP-1 peptide is osteosarcoma specific, and the binding site of OSP-1 might be related to heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Appropriately labeled OSP-1 peptide has the potential to serve as a novel probe for osteosarcoma imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Sun
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Zhu L, Niu G, Fang X, Chen X. Preclinical molecular imaging of tumor angiogenesis. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF... 2010; 54:291-308. [PMID: 20639815 PMCID: PMC3077532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, a course that new blood vessels grow from the existing vasculature, plays important roles both physiologically and pathologically. Angiogenesis can be switched on by growth factors secreted by tumor cells, and in turn supplies more oxygen and nutrition to the tumor. More and more preclinical studies and clinical trials have shown that inhibition of angiogenesis is an effective way to inhibit tumor growth, substantiating the development of anti-angiogenesis therapeutics. Imaging technologies accelerate the translation of preclinical research to the clinic. In oncology, various imaging modalities are widely applied to drug development, tumor early detection and therapy response monitoring. So far, several angiogenesis related imaging agents are promising in cancer diagnosis. However, more effective imaging agents with less side-effect still need to be pursued to visualize angiogenesis process non-invasively. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the recent progresses in preclinical molecular imaging of angiogenesis and to discuss the potential of the current preclinical probes specific to various angiogenesis targets including vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors (VEGF/VEGFRs), integrin avb3 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). It is predictable that related investigations in the field will benefit cancer research and quicken the anti-angiogenic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-2281, USA
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-2281, USA
- Imaging Sciences Training Program, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center and National Institute Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH, 20892, USA
| | - Xuexun Fang
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-2281, USA
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Michael A, Relph K, Pandha H. Emergence of potential biomarkers of response to anti-angiogenic anti-tumour agents. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:1251-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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