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Carruthers KH, Austen WG, Remy K, Hamaguchi R, Liu S, Vyas K, Bojovic B. Improving the Retention of Low-Volume Autologous Fat Grafting: A Comparative Analysis of Lipoaspirate Processing Techniques for Facial Feminization. Aesthet Surg J Open Forum 2024; 6:ojae043. [PMID: 39015112 PMCID: PMC11249923 DOI: 10.1093/asjof/ojae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Outcomes following autologous fat grafting have historically been unpredictable because of variability in fat retention rates. The novel poloxamer wash, absorption, mesh filtration system (PWAS) uses proprietary technology to stabilize and concentrate lipoaspirate. Its use in low-volume fat grafting has not been reported. Objectives The authors in this study aimed to compare PWAS technology with traditional lipoaspirate processing techniques in low-volume fat grafting procedures. Methods Medical charts were reviewed to determine a consecutive cohort of patients who underwent fat grafting for facial feminization. All patients had obtained preoperative and postoperative 3-dimensional facial imaging. Patients were grouped based on the method of lipoaspirate processing. The analysis software was used to measure changes in facial volume, and percent retention was calculated. Results Between September 2021 and February 2023, 11 facial fat grafting procedures were performed using the PWAS, and 5 performed using traditional lipoaspirate osmotic filtration with Telfa. Age and BMI were statistically similar between both the groups (P > .1). The average volume of lipoaspirate that was grafted was 23.4 mL (standard deviation [SD] 10.9 mL) and similar between both the groups (P > .1). The mean follow-up duration was 7.1 months (SD 3.1 months): 7.2 months, SD 3.5 months in the PWAS group vs 7.0 months, SD 2.2 months in the osmotic filtration group (P > .5). The average fat volume retention rate was 73.1% (SD 6.8%) in patients in whom the PWAS was used when compared with 46.1% (SD 5.2%) in patients in whom osmotic filtration was used (P > .01). Conclusions For patients undergoing low volume fat grafting, the PWAS technology may result in improved fat retention rates when compared with traditional lipoaspirate processing with Telfa. Level of Evidence 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine H Carruthers
- Corresponding Author: Dr Katherine H. Carruthers, 55 Fruit St, WACC-435, Boston, MA 02114, USA. E-mail:
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Verga M, Kessels RL, Bonasegale A, Del Re L, Fenaroli P, Carminati M. 3D Lipogluing: Preliminary Results of a Novel Technique for Direct Three-dimensional Fat Grafting in Breast Reconstruction Surgery. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2024; 12:e5788. [PMID: 38712016 PMCID: PMC11073776 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000005788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Lipofilling has emerged as an effective technique in breast reconstruction for enhancing aesthetic outcomes and addressing residual deformities. Traditionally, fat grafting has been performed as a secondary step in implant-based breast reconstruction during the replacement of the expander with a breast implant or as a revisional procedure. Our study investigates the technical feasibility and presents preliminary results of a new promising technique for delivering fat grafting in a three-dimensional (3D) shape, directly during mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction or in delayed breast reconstructive procedures. Our new 3D lipogluing technique involves securing the fat tissue in a 3D manner using fibrin glue. This method enhances the coverage of soft tissues and provides improved volume and shape supplementation. In selected cases between December 2015 and September 2023, we treated 24 patients using the 3D lipogluing technique and five patients using 3D lipocubing (without use of fibrin glue).The patient cohort consisted of different indications for breast reconstructions: direct-to-implant, expander-based breast reconstruction, and "conservative" surgery. Preliminary findings suggest the technique is a safe and effective approach that can enhance the soft-tissue envelope of reconstructed breasts by acting as an autologous scaffold, owing to its regenerative properties. This technique not only improves the overall aesthetic outcome but also has the potential to reduce implant-related complications. Furthermore, ongoing studies are investigating methods to optimize the results and explore the potential application of 3D lipogluing and 3D lipocubing in breast-conserving oncoplastic surgery, cosmetic breast surgery, and other areas of plastic reconstructive and aesthetic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Verga
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo Italy
| | - Raquel Leão Kessels
- Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Paesi Bassi
| | - Anna Bonasegale
- Division of General Surgery, “Ospedale Civile di Vigevano” Hospital, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Del Re
- Division of General Surgery, “Ospedale Civile di Vigevano” Hospital, Pavia, Italy
| | - Privato Fenaroli
- Division of Breast Surgery, “Papa Giovanni XXIII” Hospital, Bergamo Italy
| | - Marcello Carminati
- From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo Italy
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Li W, Chen X, Zou F, He X. Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Hypoxia-Treated Human Adipose Stem Cells Increase Proliferation and Angiogenic Differentiation in Human Adipose Stem Cells. Aesthet Surg J 2023; 43:NP924-NP933. [PMID: 37158152 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjad139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are crucial in cell-assisted lipotransfer (CAL). ADSC-derived exosomes could improve the survival of CAL. Almost all relevant research now ignores ADSCs in favor of studying the proangiogenic potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). OBJECTIVES Given the significance of ADSCs in CAL, the authors sought to verify that EVs from ADSCs under hypoxia treatment can enhance the angiogenic potential of ADSCs. METHODS EVs were harvested from human ADSCs (hADSCs) under normoxia and hypoxia. A Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to measure the proliferation of hADSCs. By examining the expression of CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, and vascular endothelial growth factor, the pro-angiogenic differentiation potential was assessed. Moreover, a tube formation experiment was carried out to evaluate the pro-angiogenic differentiation potential. RESULTS Hypoxic EVs showed more significant pro-proliferative and pro-angiogenic potential. Angiogenesis was more vigorous in hADSCs treated with hypoxic EVs than in those treated with nomorxic EVs. The hADSCs treated with hypoxic EVs expressed higher angiogenic markers, according to real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis, which revealed more angiogenic marker expression in hypoxic EV-treated hADSCs. The same result was demonstrated by tube formation on Matrigel in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic EVs significantly increased the proliferation and angiogenic differentiation potential of hADSCs. Hypoxic EV-treated ADSCs may be beneficial to CAL and prevascularized tissue-engineered constructs.
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Faria G, Boggio R, Bellini M. Glutaeal remodelling protocol: Volumization with hyaluronic acid and collagen biostimulation with poly-L-lactic acid. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2023; 3:e244. [PMID: 37538325 PMCID: PMC10395631 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop an aesthetic treatment protocol for the glutes through the combination of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) and body hyaluronic acid (HA). Patients and methods Six female patients who aimed for glutaeal harmonisation were evaluated. Patients were treated with the combined protocol of Rennova Elleva® (poly-L-lactic acid) and Rennova Body Shape® (HA). The results were evaluated through quantitative and ultrasonographic analyses. Results The results showed that after 45-90 days after treatment there was an increase in the glutaeal region of the treated patients. The improvement in glutaeal harmonisation was demonstrated through qualitative comparisons and analyses. Conclusion Clinical evidence from these six cases suggests that the combined use of PLLA (Rennova Elleva®) and HA (Rennova Body Shape®) offers an excellent balance between efficacy and safety, with excellent aesthetic results.
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Vizcay M, Saha S, Mohammad A, Pu LL, Yoshimura K, Magalon G, Khouri R, Coleman S, Rigotti G, DeFazio S. Current Fat Grafting Practices and Preferences: A Survey from Members of ISPRES. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2023; 11:e4849. [PMID: 37006989 PMCID: PMC10060090 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000004849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Fat grafting has established its niche in a wide spectrum of aesthetic and reconstructive procedures. A consensus-based method of harvest, processing, enrichment, injection, and assessment is lacking, despite the rising trends in its application. We conducted a survey among plastic surgeons to evaluate and identify trends of fat grafting practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Vizcay
- From the Reconstructive Microsurgery Service, University Department of Hand Surgery & Rehabilitation, San Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS MultiMedica Group Milan, Italy
| | - Shivangi Saha
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burns Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arbab Mohammad
- Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India
| | - Lee L.Q. Pu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Ca
| | - Kotaro Yoshimura
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Guy Magalon
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Sydney Coleman
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Gino Rigotti
- San Francesco Hospital, Via Monte Ortigara, Verona, Italy
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Li G, Chen Y, Han Y, Ma T, Han Y. Human antigen R promotes angiogenesis of endothelial cells cultured with adipose stem cells derived exosomes via overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro. Adipocyte 2021; 10:475-482. [PMID: 34635021 PMCID: PMC8510607 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1982577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies showed that exosomes obtained from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) could improve the angiogenesis of fat grafts via overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Human antigen R (HuR) promotes the expression of VEGF in many cancers, but the effect of HuR in normal endothelial cells in the presence of ADSC-derived exosomes remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of HuR on the expression of VEGF and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured with ADSCs-derived exosomes. The HuR-overexpressed HUVECs (HuR-HUVECs) were cocultured with ADSCs-derived exosomes. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to examine the stability and expression of VEGF-A mRNA and protein. The proliferation, migration, and proangiogenic capacity of HuR-HUVECs were evaluated using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), scratch wound healing, and Matrigel tube formation assay. qRT-PCR showed that HuR-HUVECs had higher expression and slower attenuation of VEGF-A mRNA. Western blotting confirmed higher expression of VEGF-A in HuR-HUVECs. CCK-8, scratch wound healing, and Matrigel tube formation assay demonstrated an increased proangiogenic effect in HuR-HUVECs. HuR promotes angiogenesis of HUVECs cocultured with ADSCs-derived exosomes via stabilization and overexpression of VEGF in vitro. The HuR/VEGF pathway is an important regulatory mechanism of angiogenesis in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate school, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Youbai Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yudi Han
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Ma
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Sharma S, Ganta C, Ranjan R, Jha SK. Nanofat: A therapeutic paradigm in regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1733-1746. [PMID: 34909120 PMCID: PMC8641019 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a compact and well-organized tissue containing a heterogeneous cellular population of progenitor cells, including mesenchymal stromal cells. Due to its availability and accessibility, adipose tissue is considered a “stem cell depot.” Adipose tissue products possess anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects. Nanofat, being a compact bundle of stem cells with regenerative and tissue remodeling potential, has potential in translational and regenerative medicine. Considering the wide range of applicability of its reconstructive and regenerative potential, the applications of nanofat can be used in various disciplines. Nanofat behaves on the line of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. At the site of injury, these stromal cells initiate a site-specific reparative response comprised of remodeling of the extracellular matrix, enhanced and sustained angiogenesis, and immune system modulation. These properties of stromal cells provide a platform for the usage of regenerative medicine principles in curbing various diseases. Details about nanofat, including various preparation methods, characterization, delivery methods, evidence on practical applications, and ethical concerns are included in this review. However, appropriate guidelines and preparation protocols for its optimal use in a wide range of clinical applications have yet to be standardized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University , Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University , Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, New Delhi, India
| | - Charan Ganta
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, United States 10002, United States
| | - Rajni Ranjan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University , Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Copcu HE, Oztan S. Not Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) or Nanofat, but Total Stromal-Cells (TOST): A New Definition. Systemic Review of Mechanical Stromal-Cell Extraction Techniques. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:25-36. [PMID: 33231864 PMCID: PMC7862455 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The most important and greatest source in the body for regenerative cells is fat tissue. Obtaining regenerative cells from adipose tissue can be done in two ways: Enzymatic and mechanical. The regenerative cell cocktail obtained by the enzymatic method, including stem cells, is called Stromal vascular fracture (SVF). In the literature, there is no clear definition of regenerative cells obtained by mechanical method. We systematically searched the techniques and definitions for stromal cells obtained from adipose tissue by scanning different databases. To evaluate the mechanical stromal-cell isolation techniques and end products from adipose tissue. Systematic review of English and non-English articles using Embase, PubMed, Web of Science and Google scholar databases. Search terms included Nanofat, fragmented fat, mechanical stromal / stem cell, mechanical SVF, SVF gel. We screened all peer-reviewed articles related with mechanical stromal-cell isolation. Author performed a literature query with the aforementioned key words and databases. A total of 276 publications containing the keywords we searched were reached. In these publications, there are 46 different definitions used to obtain mechanical stromal cells. The term SVF is only suitable for enzymatic methods. A different definition is required for mechanical. The most used term nanofat is also not suitable because the product is not in both "fat" and in "nanoscale". We think that the term total stromal-cells would be the most appropriate definition since both extracellular matrix and all stromal cells are protected in mechanical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Eray Copcu
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, MEST Medical Services, Cumhuriyet Bulv. No:161/A,1,2 Alsancak, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sule Oztan
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, MEST Medical Services, Cumhuriyet Bulv. No:161/A,1,2 Alsancak, Izmir, Turkey
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Christodoulides N, Kelly GA, O'Sullivan ST. Breast lipofilling as a treatment for breast hypoplasia in Becker naevus syndrome: a case report. J Surg Case Rep 2021; 2021:rjaa583. [PMID: 33542812 PMCID: PMC7850009 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjaa583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A Becker's naevus is a rare, pigmented, cutaneous hamartoma, which when associated with other cutaneous or musculoskeletal anomalies is termed Becker naevus syndrome. Female patients commonly seek medical attention for breast hypoplasia. Here, we describe our experience in the surgical management of unilateral breast hypoplasia in a patient with Becker naevus syndrome, using high-volume autologous fat grafting. This is, to our knowledge, the second report in the literature describing the aforementioned management technique in this patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Christodoulides
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard A Kelly
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sean T O'Sullivan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
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Sambuy MTC, Nakamoto HA, Bolliger Neto R, Mattar Jr. R, Rezende MR, Wei TH. RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF LIMITED FASCIOTOMY WITH INJECTION OF ADIPOSE GRAFT FOR DUPUYTREN'S DISEASE. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2020; 28:159-164. [PMID: 32788855 PMCID: PMC7405848 DOI: 10.1590/1413-785220202804233522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective Dupuytren's disease is a genetic disorder related to the proliferation of myofibroblasts. The pluripotent property of stem cells present in adipose tissue inhibits myofibroblast proliferation. Our study sought to evaluate the effect of stem cell-rich fat grafts in patients that underwent limited fasciotomy. Methods We studied 45 patients, in a single-blind, prospective, randomized clinical trial. All patients underwent limited fasciotomy. In one group, fat graft was injected. Results The total passive extension deficit results did not exhibit a significant difference. Fat group exhibited worse functional score at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively, such as higher complication rates (43%), when compared with control group (8%), and more pain at 6 weeks follow-up. Conclusion Fat grafting associated with limited fasciotomy promotes worse functional results compared to conventional limited fasciotomy in the short term. However, long-term results and recurrence rates should be further assessed. Level of Evidence II, Prospective comparative study.
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12
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Veronese S, Dai Prè E, Conti G, Busato A, Mannucci S, Sbarbati A. Comparative technical analysis of lipoaspirate mechanical processing devices. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1213-1226. [PMID: 32598097 DOI: 10.1002/term.3093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fat grafting is a well-established procedure in reconstructive, aesthetic, and regenerative medicine, in particular due to the presence in the adipose tissue of a high concentration of mesenchymal stem cells. The need to reduce fat processing times, for an immediate clinical use and regulatory restrictions on the degree of manipulation of human tissues, has led to the development of numerous devices for the mechanical, nonenzymatic processing of adipose tissue. The aim of this study is to describe the state of the art of mechanical devices used for fat processing, performing a technical analysis of the currently commercially available devices. This should facilitate the development of new devices that improve therapeutic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Veronese
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Dai Prè
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giamaica Conti
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alice Busato
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Mannucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Sbarbati
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Jeon FHK, Griffin M, Frosdick C, Butler PEM. Lipotransfer provides effective soft tissue replacement for acquired partial lipodystrophy. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/5/e232601. [PMID: 32404319 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-232601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a 48-year-old female patient who presented with features consistent with acquired partial lipodystrophy (APL) also known as 'Barraquer-Simons syndrome'. It is a rare disease characterised by a gradual and progressive onset of lipoatrophy limited to the face, neck, upper limbs, thorax and abdomen and sparing the lower extremities. The resultant physical appearance can have significant psychosocial sequelae, further compounded by misdiagnosis and delay in recognition and management. Treatment is aimed at surgical correction of soft tissue destruction. Autologous fat transfer is an established plastic and reconstructive procedure that is safe and minimally invasive and can be used to reconstruct a variety of soft tissue defects and has shown to be an effective treatment modality in patients with APL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Griffin
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Carole Frosdick
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Peter Edward Michael Butler
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Botulinum Toxin A Improves Supramuscular Fat Graft Retention by Enhancing Angiogenesis and Adipogenesis. Dermatol Surg 2020; 46:646-652. [DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000002106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Supplementation with Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Increases Fat Graft Survival and Browning in Mice: A Cell-Free Approach to Construct Beige Fat from White Fat Grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 145:1183-1195. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Davis MJ, Perdanasari AT, Abu-Ghname A, Gonzalez SR, Chamata E, Rammos CK, Winocour SJ. Application of Fat Grafting in Cosmetic Breast Surgery. Semin Plast Surg 2020; 34:24-29. [PMID: 32071576 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1700958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of fat grafting to the breasts has evolved in the recent past, gaining several new applications within both reconstructive and aesthetic surgery. Initially used for reconstructive purposes to fill lumpectomy defects or to correct residual contour deformities after breast reconstruction, it has since made its way into cosmetic breast surgery and has grown to encompass a wide variety of new indications. Fat grafting in aesthetic breast surgery may be performed as a form of primary autologous breast augmentation or as an adjunct to implant-based breast augmentation to disguise implant edges. It may also be used to provide added volume after explant surgery or to provide improvements in breast contour alongside mastopexy techniques. In this article, we will review the current applications of fat grafting in aesthetic breast surgery and provide an up-to-date summary of its reported outcomes, safety, and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Davis
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Aurelia T Perdanasari
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Amjed Abu-Ghname
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Santiago R Gonzalez
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Edward Chamata
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Charalambos K Rammos
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois
| | - Sebastian J Winocour
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Preliminary results of the new lipogluing technique plus full-thickness skin graft in post traumatic lower limb reconstructive surgery. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-019-01537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shi N, Su Y, Guo S, Zhang Z, Qiu L, Yi C. Improving the Retention Rate of Fat Grafts in Recipient Areas via Botulinum Toxin A Treatment. Aesthet Surg J 2019; 39:1436-1444. [PMID: 30850826 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjz073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving the retention rate of transplanted fat is, currently, of great concern. Partial immobilization, angiogenesis, and adipose tissue-derived stem cells, all proven to be influenced by botulinum toxin A (BTX-A), are significant in fat graft retention. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to determine the impact of BTX-A on fat grafts. METHODS Our study included 12 Sprague Dawley rats and each rat's hind limbs were randomly designated as the BTX-A side and control side. We injected 0.2 mL of BTX-A-treated fat into the quadriceps femoris and subcutaneous space of the BTX-A sides. This was also done for the control sides but with untreated fat. We performed electroneuromyography of recipient muscles at 1 week post-operation. The rats were euthanized at 12 weeks post-operation and we observed the fat retention rate, the fat's histologic characteristics, and the density of vessels and mature adipocytes. RESULTS The amplitudes of electroneuromyography were smaller for the BTX-A sides than the control sides. For intramuscularly injected fat, the BTX-A sides had better retention rates and histologic characteristics and a higher density of vessels and mature adipocytes than the control sides. For subcutaneously injected fat, the BTX-A sides had better histologic characteristics and a higher density of vessels and mature adipocytes than the control sides, but the retention rates were not significantly different between the 2 sides. CONCLUSIONS Injecting BTX-A-treated fat grafts can immobilize the surrounding muscles. BTX-A can improve the density of vessels and mature adipocytes, histologic characteristics of fat grafts, and retention rate of fat grafts transplanted into muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Shi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Yingjun Su
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuzhong Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Lihong Qiu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Chenggang Yi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
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Teresa Minjung O, Chan K, Brennan T, Roden D, Shamouelian D, Chung HY, Waner M. Autologous Fat Grafting Restores Soft-tissue Contour Deformities after Vascular Anomaly Surgery. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2019; 7:e2196. [PMID: 31333935 PMCID: PMC6571319 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Soft-tissue loss is expected after resection of large vascular lesions. Autologous fat transfer improves asymmetries; however, systematic outcomes are not previously described for vascular anomaly reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Teresa Minjung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vascular Birthmark Institute of New York, Facial Nerve Center, Lenox Hill and Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospitals, New York City, N.Y
| | | | - Tara Brennan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Albuquerque, Albuquerque, N. Mex
| | - Dylan Roden
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Medical Center, New York City, N.Y
| | | | - Ho Yun Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Milton Waner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vascular Birthmark Institute of New York, Facial Nerve Center, Lenox Hill and Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospitals, New York City, N.Y
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Suszynski TM, Rohrich RJ, Sieber DA, Boyd TG, Thornton JF, Teotia SS, Cunningham BL, Van Beek AL. Bioengineered Approach to the Design of a Fat Graft Based on Mathematical Modeling that Predicts Oxygen Delivery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 143:1648-1655. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000005626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shi N, Guo S, Su Y, Zhang Z, Qiu L, Yu Z, Yang Q, Wang N, Yi C. Improvement in the Retention Rate of Transplanted Fat in Muscle by Denervation. Aesthet Surg J 2018; 38:1026-1034. [PMID: 29992230 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjy104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improvement in the retention rate of transplanted fat is currently a topic of interest. The retention of transplanted fat relies heavily on the reestablishment of blood supply and the function of the adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), which may both be impeded by mechanical force. However, the effect of mechanical force on the retention of adipose implants remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of immobilization on fat retention rate. METHODS Immobilization was carried out by denervation of the hind limb of rats to reduce the mechanical force. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used, and the two hind limbs were assigned at random to the immobilization side and the control side. On average, 0.4 mL of fat was injected into the bilateral muscle and subcutaneous space of the hind limb, and 6 rats were sacrificed at each time point. The outcome measures included the retention rate, the histologic evaluation, and the density of new vessels and proliferative ADSCs. RESULTS For the muscle fat, the retention rate improved, and more proliferative ADSCs and new vessels were found in the immobilization group. The histologic evaluation between the two sides was of no statistical significance. For the fat in the subcutaneous space, no statistical difference was observed in all the outcome measures between the two sides. CONCLUSIONS Regional immobilization of the recipient site by denervation can improve the retention of the fat graft in muscles owing to improved density of the new vessels and proliferative ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Shi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuzhong Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Yingjun Su
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Lihong Qiu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Chenggang Yi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
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Suszynski TM, Sieber DA, Mueller K, Van Beek AL, Cunningham BL, Kenkel JM. Characterization of Adipose Tissue Product Quality Using Measurements of Oxygen Consumption Rate. Aesthet Surg J 2018; 38:442-447. [PMID: 29045546 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjx160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fat grafting is a common procedure in plastic surgery but associated with unpredictable graft retention. Adipose tissue (AT) "product" quality is affected by the methods used for harvest, processing and transfer, which vary widely amongst surgeons. Currently, there is no method available to accurately assess the quality of AT. OBJECTIVES In this study, we present a novel method for the assessment of AT product quality through direct measurements of oxygen consumption rate (OCR). OCR has exhibited potential in predicting outcomes following pancreatic islet transplant. Our study aim was to reapportion existing technology for its use with AT preparations and to confirm that these measurements are feasible. METHODS OCR was successfully measured for en bloc and postprocessed AT using a stirred microchamber system. OCR was then normalized to DNA content (OCR/DNA), which represents the AT product quality. RESULTS Mean (±SE) OCR/DNA values for fresh en bloc and post-processed AT were 149.8 (± 9.1) and 61.1 (± 6.1) nmol/min/mg DNA, respectively. These preliminary data suggest that: (1) OCR and OCR/DNA measurements of AT harvested using conventional protocol are feasible; and (2) standard AT processing results in a decrease in overall AT product quality. CONCLUSIONS OCR measurements of AT using existing technology can be done and enables accurate, real-time, quantitative assessment of the quality of AT product prior to transfer. The availability and further validation of this type of assay could enable optimization of fat grafting protocol by providing a tool for the more detailed study of procedural variables that affect AT product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Suszynski
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX
| | - David A Sieber
- plastic surgeon in private practice in San Francisco, CA
| | - Kathryn Mueller
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Allen L Van Beek
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Bruce L Cunningham
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jeffrey M Kenkel
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX
- Associate Editor of Aesthetic Surgery Journal
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Coleman SR, Lam S, Cohen SR, Bohluli B, Nahai F. Fat Grafting: Challenges and Debates. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2018; 26:81-84. [PMID: 29362076 DOI: 10.1016/j.cxom.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney R Coleman
- TriBeCa Plastic Surgery, 44 Hudson Street, New York, NY 10013, USA; Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 307 E. 33rd Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Samuel Lam
- Lam Facial Plastics, 6101 Chapel Hill Boulevard, Suite 101, Plano, TX 75093, USA
| | - Steven R Cohen
- FACES+ Plastic Surgery, Skin and Laser Center, 4510 Executive Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; Plastic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 200 W. Arbor Drive, M/C 8890, San Diego, CA 92013-8890, USA
| | - Behnam Bohluli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Foad Nahai
- Plastic Surgery, Emory University, The Emory Aesthetic Center, Suite 640, 3200 Downwood Circle, Atlanta, GA 30327, USA.
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McLeod MD, Austen WG. Commentary on: Effect of Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in Skin With Intrinsic Aging Process. Aesthet Surg J 2018; 38:329-331. [PMID: 29126293 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjx193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D McLeod
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Division of Burn Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - William G Austen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Division of Burn Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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Experimental In-Vivo Models Used in Fat Grafting Research for Volume Augmentation in Soft Tissue Reconstruction. Arch Plast Surg 2017; 44:361-369. [PMID: 28946716 PMCID: PMC5621828 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2017.44.5.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As the popularity of fat grafting research increases, animal models are being used as the source of pre-clinical experimental information for discovery and to enhance techniques. To date, animal models used in this research have not been compared to provide a standardized model. We analyzed publications from 1968–2015 to compare published accounts of animal models in fat grafting research. Data collected included: species used, graft characteristics (donor tissue, recipient area, amount injected, injection technique), time of sacrifice and quantification methods. Mice were most commonly used (56% of studies), with the “athymic nude” strain utilized most frequently (44%). Autologous fat was the most common source of grafted tissue (52%). Subcutaneous dorsum was the most common recipient site (51%). On average, 0.80±0.60 mL of fat was grafted. A single bolus technique was used in 57% of studies. Fat volume assessment was typically completed at the end of the study, occurring at less than 1 week to one year. Graft volume was quantified by weight (63%), usually in conjunction with another analysis. The results demonstrate the current heterogeneity of animal models in this research. We propose that the research community reach a consensus to allow better comparison of techniques and results. One example is the model used in our laboratory and others; this model is described in detail. Eventually, larger animal models may better translate to the human condition but, given increased financial costs and animal facility capability, should be explored when data obtained from small animal studies is exhausted or inconclusive.
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Simonacci F, Bertozzi N, Grieco MP, Grignaffini E, Raposio E. Procedure, applications, and outcomes of autologous fat grafting. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2017; 20:49-60. [PMID: 28702187 PMCID: PMC5491488 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2017.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the procedure, applications, and outcomes of autologous fat grafting, a promising technique with various clinical applications. PATIENTS AND METHODS Literature review of publications concerning autologous fat grafting. RESULTS Since its introduction, lipofilling has become increasingly popular; however, its results are variable and unpredictable. Several modifications have been made to the procedures of fat harvesting, processing, and injecting. Surgical excision and low negative-pressure aspiration with large-bore cannulas minimize adipocyte damage during fat harvesting. The "wet" method of fat harvesting involves fluid injection at the donor site and facilitates lipoaspiration while minimizing pain and ecchymosis. For fat processing, centrifugation at a low speed is preferable to high-speed centrifugation, gravity separation or filtration. Fat injection at the recipient site should be performed using small-gauge cannulas in a fanning out pattern over multiple sessions, rather than a single session. Fat grafts exhibit not only dermal filler properties but also regenerative potential owing to the presence of stem cells in fat tissue. Thus, the clinical applications of autologous fat grafting include correction of secondary contour defects after breast reconstruction, release of painful scar contractures, and treatment of burn scars and radiodermatitis. Lipofilling is also used in aesthetic surgery, such as facial and hand rejuvenation, augmentation rhinoplasty, and breast and gluteal augmentation. The complications of lipofilling are minimal and include bruising, swelling, pain, infection, necrosis, and calcification. CONCLUSIONS Lipofilling is a low-risk procedure that can be used to correct soft-tissue defects in the face, trunk, and extremities, with minimal discomfort for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Simonacci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Cutaneous, Mininvasive, Regenerative and Plastic Surgery Unit, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicolò Bertozzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Cutaneous, Mininvasive, Regenerative and Plastic Surgery Unit, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Pio Grieco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Cutaneous, Mininvasive, Regenerative and Plastic Surgery Unit, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Eugenio Grignaffini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Cutaneous, Mininvasive, Regenerative and Plastic Surgery Unit, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Edoardo Raposio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Cutaneous, Mininvasive, Regenerative and Plastic Surgery Unit, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
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El-Sabbagh AH. Modern trends in lipomodeling. GMS INTERDISCIPLINARY PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY DGPW 2017; 6:Doc06. [PMID: 28401032 PMCID: PMC5378998 DOI: 10.3205/iprs000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipomodeling is the process of relocating autologous fat to change the shape, volume, consistency, and profile of tissues, with the aim of reconstructing, rejuvenating, and regenerating body features. There have been several important advancements in lipomodeling procedures during the last thirty years. Four clinical steps are important for the success of engraftment: fat harvesting, fat processing, fat reinjection, and preconditioning of the recipient site. With the discovery of adipose derived stem cells and dedifferentiated cells, fat cells become a major tool of regenerative medicine. This article reviews recent trends in lipomodeling trying to understand most of the issues in this field.
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Bahrami SB, Tolg C, Peart T, Symonette C, Veiseh M, Umoh JU, Holdsworth DW, McCarthy JB, Luyt LG, Bissell MJ, Yazdani A, Turley EA. Receptor for hyaluronan mediated motility (RHAMM/HMMR) is a novel target for promoting subcutaneous adipogenesis. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 9:223-237. [PMID: 28217782 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00002b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan, CD44 and the Receptor for Hyaluronan-Mediated Motility (RHAMM, gene name HMMR) regulate stem cell differentiation including mesenchymal progenitor differentiation. Here, we show that CD44 expression is required for subcutaneous adipogenesis, whereas RHAMM expression suppresses this process. We designed RHAMM function blocking peptides to promote subcutaneous adipogenesis as a clinical and tissue engineering tool. Adipogenic RHAMM peptides were identified by screening for their ability to promote adipogenesis in culture assays using rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, mouse pre-adipocyte cell lines and primary human subcutaneous pre-adipocytes. Oil red O uptake into fat droplets and adiponectin production were used as biomarkers of adipogenesis. Positive peptides were formulated in either collagen I or hyaluronan (Orthovisc) gels then assessed for their adipogenic potential in vivo following injection into dorsal rat skin and mammary fat pads. Fat content was quantified and characterized using micro CT imaging, morphometry, histology, RT-PCR and ELISA analyses of adipogenic gene expression. Injection of screened peptides increased dorsal back subcutaneous fat pad area (208.3 ± 10.4 mm2versus control 84.11 ± 4.2 mm2; p < 0.05) and mammary fat pad size (45 ± 11 mg above control background, p = 0.002) in female rats. This effect lasted >5 weeks as detected by micro CT imaging and perilipin 1 mRNA expression. RHAMM expression suppresses while blocking peptides promote expression of PPARγ, C/EBP and their target genes. Blocking RHAMM function by peptide injection or topical application is a novel and minimally invasive method for potentially promoting subcutaneous adipogenesis in lipodystrophic diseases and a complementary tool to subcutaneous fat augmentation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Bahrami
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, BioSciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, 977R225A, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Keskin I, Sutcu M, Eren H, Keskin M. Exposure to Tumescent Solution Significantly Increases Phosphorylation of Perilipin in Adipocytes. Aesthet Surg J 2017; 37:239-245. [PMID: 27590869 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjw156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lidocaine and epinephrine could potentially decrease adipocyte viability, but these effects have not been substantiated. The phosphorylation status of perilipin in adipocytes may be predictive of cell viability. Perilipin coats lipid droplets and restricts access of lipases; phospho-perilipin lacks this protective function. OBJECTIVES The authors investigated the effects of tumescent solution containing lidocaine and epinephrine on the phosphorylation status of perilipin in adipocytes. METHODS In this in vitro study, lipoaspirates were collected before and after tumescence from 15 women who underwent abdominoplasty. Fat samples were fixed, sectioned, and stained for histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. Relative phosphorylation of perilipin was inferred from pixel intensities of immunostained adipocytes observed with confocal microscopy. RESULTS For adipocytes collected before tumescent infiltration, 10.08% of total perilipin was phosphorylated. In contrast, 30.62% of total perilipin was phosphorylated for adipocytes collected from tumescent tissue (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS The tumescent technique increases the relative phosphorylation of perilipin in adipocytes, making these cells more vulnerable to lipolysis. Tumescent solution applied for analgesia or hemostasis of the donor site should contain the lowest possible concentrations of lidocaine and epinephrine. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Keskin
- From the Department of Histology and Embryology, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, and the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sutcu
- From the Department of Histology and Embryology, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, and the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hilal Eren
- From the Department of Histology and Embryology, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, and the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Keskin
- From the Department of Histology and Embryology, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, and the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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