A novel bacteriocin against multiple foodborne pathogens from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus isolated from juice ferments: ATF perfusion-based preparation of viable cells, characterization, antibacterial and antibiofilm activity

What We Know About the Actual Role of Traditional Probiotics in Health and Disease

The complex relationship between probiotics and human health goes beyond their traditional function in gut health, generating considerable interest for their broad potential in disease treatment. This review explores the various functions of probiotics, highlighting their impact on the immune system, their benefits for gut and oral health, their effects on metabolic and neurological disorders, and their emerging potential in cancer therapy. We give significant importance to studying the effects of probiotics on the gut-brain axis, revealing new and non-invasive therapeutic approaches for complex neurological disorders. In addition, we expand the discussion to encompass the impact of probiotics on the gut-liver and gut-lung axes, recognizing their systemic effects and potential in treating respiratory and hepatic conditions. The use of probiotic "cocktails" to improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes indicates a revolutionary approach to oncological treatments. The review explores the specific benefits associated with various strains and the genetic mechanisms that underlie them. This study sets the stage for precision medicine, where probiotic treatments can be tailored to meet the unique needs of each patient. Recent developments in delivery technologies, including microencapsulation and nanotechnology, hold great potential for enhancing the effectiveness and accuracy of probiotic applications in therapeutic settings. This study provides a strong basis for future scientific research and clinical use, promoting the incorporation of probiotics into treatment plans for a wide range of diseases. This expands our understanding of the potential benefits of probiotics in modern medicine.

Enhancement efficiency delivery of antiviral Molnupiravir-drug via the loading with self-assembly nanoparticles of pycnogenol and cellulose which are decorated by zinc oxide nanoparticles for COVID-19 therapy

The target of the study is to modify the efficiency of Molnupiravir-drug (MOL) for COVID-19 therapy via the rearrangement of the building engineering of MOL-drug by loading it with self-assembly biomolecules nanoparticles (NPs) of pycnogenol (Pyc) and cellulose (CNC) which are decorated by zinc oxide nanoparticles. The synthesis and characterization of the modified drug are performing successfully, the loading and release process of the MOL drug on a nano surface is measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy under room temperature and different pH. The release efficiency of the MOL drug is calculated to be 65% (pH 6.8) and 69% (pH 7.4). The modified MOL drug displays 71% (pH 6.8) and 78% (pH 7.4) for CNC@Pyc.MOL nanocomposite, while CNC@Pyc.MOL.ZnO nanocomposite gave values at 76% (pH 6.8) and 78% (pH 7.4), the efficiency recorded after 19 h. The biological activity of the MOL-drug and modified MOL-drug is measured, and the cytotoxicity is performed by SRB technique, where the self-assembly (CNC@Pyc) appears to be a safe healthy, and high viability against the examined cell line. The antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory are evaluated, where the nanocomposite that has ZnO NPs (CNC@Pyc.MOL.ZnO) gave high efficiency compared to the composite without ZnO NPs. The CPE-inhibition assay is used to identify potential antivirals against CVID-19 (229E virus), the viral inhibition (%) was reported at 37.6 % (for 800 µg/ml) and 18.02 % (for 400 µg/ml) of CNC@Pyc.MOL.ZnO. So, the modified MOL-drug was suggested as a replacement drug for the therapy of COVID-19 compared to MOL-drug, but the results need clinical trials.

Effects of Sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Bacteriocin BM173 on Listeria Monocytogenes Biofilm Formation

Listeria monocytogenes is a significant foodborne pathogen that can form biofilms on various food processing surfaces, thereby enhancing resistance to disinfectants and exacerbating harm to human health. Previous studies have indicated that bacteriocin BM173 exhibits antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. In the current study, our aim was to assess the inhibitory mode of action of sub-inhibitory concentrations (SICs, 1/32 × MIC and 1/16 × MIC) of BM173 on the biofilm formation L. monocytogenes. Crystal violet staining assay revealed that SICs of BM173 significantly inhibit L. monocytogenes biofilm formation. Furthermore, the results of swimming motility assay, plate count, ruthenium red staining, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that SICs of BM173 could effectively reduce the movement, cell adhesion, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production of L. monocytogenes, thereby inhibiting biofilm formation. Real-time quantitative PCR analyses further demonstrated that SICs of BM173 down-regulated the expression of biofilm-associated genes, including those encoding adhesion, virulence factors, and quorum sensing. Additionally, SICs of BM173 effectively reduced the biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes on the surfaces of three food-grade materials (glass, stainless steel, and silicone) at 4 and 25 °C. These outcomes suggest that BM173 holds great potential for development as a promising food preservative for application in the food industry.