1
|
Turi M, Anilkumar Sithara A, Hofmanová L, Žihala D, Radhakrishnan D, Vdovin A, Knápková S, Ševčíková T, Chyra Z, Jelínek T, Šimíček M, Gullà A, Anderson KC, Hájek R, Hrdinka M. Transcriptome Analysis of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cells Inducibly Expressing MyD88 L265P Mutation Identifies Upregulated CD44, LGALS3, NFKBIZ, and BATF as Downstream Targets of Oncogenic NF-κB Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065623. [PMID: 36982699 PMCID: PMC10057398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During innate immune responses, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) functions as a critical signaling adaptor protein integrating stimuli from toll-like receptors (TLR) and the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) family and translates them into specific cellular outcomes. In B cells, somatic mutations in MyD88 trigger oncogenic NF-κB signaling independent of receptor stimulation, which leads to the development of B-cell malignancies. However, the exact molecular mechanisms and downstream signaling targets remain unresolved. We established an inducible system to introduce MyD88 to lymphoma cell lines and performed transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) to identify genes differentially expressed by MyD88 bearing the L265P oncogenic mutation. We show that MyD88L265P activates NF-κB signaling and upregulates genes that might contribute to lymphomagenesis, including CD44, LGALS3 (coding Galectin-3), NFKBIZ (coding IkBƺ), and BATF. Moreover, we demonstrate that CD44 can serve as a marker of the activated B-cell (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and that CD44 expression is correlated with overall survival in DLBCL patients. Our results shed new light on the downstream outcomes of MyD88L265P oncogenic signaling that might be involved in cellular transformation and provide novel therapeutical targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Turi
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Anjana Anilkumar Sithara
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Hofmanová
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - David Žihala
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Dhwani Radhakrishnan
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Vdovin
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Sofija Knápková
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Ševčíková
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Chyra
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Jelínek
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šimíček
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Annamaria Gullà
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kenneth Carl Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Roman Hájek
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Matouš Hrdinka
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sarkar K, Joedicke L, Westwood M, Burnley R, Wright M, McMillan D, Byrne B. Modulation of PTH1R signaling by an extracellular binding antibody. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 120:109-132. [PMID: 35953107 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTH1R) is a class B G-protein coupled receptor with key roles in bone development. The receptor signals through both the Gs and Gq G-proteins as well as through β-arrestin in a G-protein independent manner. Current treatments for bone disorders, such as osteoporosis, target the PTH1R but are suboptimal in their efficacy. Monoclonal antibodies represent a major growth area in therapeutics as a result of their superior specificity and long serum half-life. Here, we discovered antibodies against the extracellular domain (ECD) of PTH1R from a phage display library. One of these antibodies, ECD-ScFvhFc, binds PTH1R with high affinity and although it has little or no effect on G-protein dependent receptor signaling, it does reduce PTH1R mediated β-arrestin signaling. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) demonstrated that the ECD-ScFvhFc binding site overlapped partially with that of the cognate ligand, PTH. The results of this study demonstrate the suitability of PTH1R as a target for therapeutic antibody development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Sarkar
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohammadi Z, Enayati S, Zarei N, Saberi S, Mafakher L, Azizi M, Khalaj V. A Novel Anti-CD22 scFv.Bim Fusion Protein Effectively Induces Apoptosis in Malignant B cells and Promotes Cytotoxicity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:5878-5906. [PMID: 35838885 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
CD22 is a B-cell surface antigen which is highly expressed in cancerous B-cell lineages. Anti-CD22 antibodies are currently under focus as promising biologics against hematologic B-cell malignancies. Herein, we introduce a novel active recombinant anti-CD22 scFv.Bim fusion protein for targeting this cancerous antigen. An expression cassette encoding anti-CD22 scFv.Bim fusion protein was expressed in Pichia pastoris. The binding ability, cytotoxicity, and apoptotic activity of the purified recombinant protein against CD22+ Raji cell line were assessed by flow cytometry, microscopy, and MTT assay. Using bioinformatics, the 3D structure of the fusion protein and its interaction with CD22 were assessed. The in vitro binding analysis by immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry demonstrated the specific binding of scFv.Bim to CD22+ Raji cells but not to CD22- Jurkat cells. MTT data and Annexin V/PI flow cytometry analysis confirmed the apoptotic activity of anti-CD22 scFv.Bim against Raji cells but not Jurkat cells. In silico analysis also revealed the satisfactory stereochemical quality of the 3D model and molecular interactions toward CD22. This novel recombinant anti-CD22 scFv.Bim fusion protein could successfully deliver the pro-apoptotic peptide, BIM, to the target cells and thus nominates it as a promising molecule in treating B-cell malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 12th of Farvardin Jonoobi Ave, Jomhoori Street, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Enayati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 12th of Farvardin Jonoobi Ave, Jomhoori Street, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Zarei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 12th of Farvardin Jonoobi Ave, Jomhoori Street, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Saberi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 12th of Farvardin Jonoobi Ave, Jomhoori Street, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Mafakher
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Azizi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 12th of Farvardin Jonoobi Ave, Jomhoori Street, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahid Khalaj
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 12th of Farvardin Jonoobi Ave, Jomhoori Street, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Su H, Imai K, Jia W, Li Z, DiCioccio RA, Serody JS, Poe JC, Chen BJ, Doan PL, Sarantopoulos S. Alphavirus Replicon Particle Vaccine Breaks B Cell Tolerance and Rapidly Induces IgG to Murine Hematolymphoid Tumor Associated Antigens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865486. [PMID: 35686131 PMCID: PMC9171395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo immune responses to myeloid and other blood-borne tumors are notably limited and ineffective, making our ability to promote immune responses with vaccines a major challenge. While focus has been largely on cytotoxic cell-mediated tumor eradication, B-cells and the antibodies they produce also have roles in anti-tumor responses. Indeed, therapeutic antibody-mediated tumor cell killing is routinely employed in patients with hematolymphoid cancers, but whether endogenous antibody responses can be incited to blood-born tumors remains poorly studied. A major limitation of immunoglobulin therapies is that cell surface expression of tumor-associated antigen (TAA) targets is dynamic and varied, making promotion of polyclonal, endogenous B cell responses appealing. Since many TAAs are self-antigens, developing tumor vaccines that enable production of antibodies to non-polymorphic antigen targets remains a challenge. As B cell responses to RNA vaccines are known to occur, we employed the Viral Replicon Particles (VRP) which was constructed to encode mouse FLT3. The VRP-FLT3 vaccine provoked a rapid IgG B-cell response to this self-antigen in leukemia and lymphoma mouse models. In addition, IgGs to other TAAs were also produced. Our data suggest that vaccination with RNA viral particle vectors incites a loss of B-cell tolerance that enables production of anti-tumor antibodies. This proof of principle work provides impetus to employ such strategies that lead to a break in B-cell tolerance and enable production of broadly reactive anti-TAA antibodies as potential future therapeutic agents for patients with hematolymphoid cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Su
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kazuhiro Imai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Basic Science Department, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rachel A DiCioccio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jonathan S Serody
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jonathan C Poe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Benny J Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Phuong L Doan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Stefanie Sarantopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Duke University , Durham, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Borman P, Campa C, Delpierre G, Hook E, Jackson P, Kelley W, Protz M, Vandeputte O. Selection of Analytical Technology and Development of Analytical Procedures Using the Analytical Target Profile. Anal Chem 2021; 94:559-570. [PMID: 34928590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A structured approach to method development can help to ensure an analytical procedure is robust across the lifecycle of its use. The analytical target profile (ATP), which describes the required quality of the reportable value to be produced by the analytical procedure, enables the analytical scientist to select the best analytical technology on which to develop their procedure(s). Once the technology has been identified, screening of potentially fit for purpose analytical procedures should take place. Analytical procedures that have been demonstrated to meet the ATP should be evaluated against business drivers (e.g., operational constraints) to determine the most suitable analytical procedure. Three case studies are covered from across small molecules, vaccines, and biotherapeutics. The case studies cover different aspects of the analytical procedure selection process, such as the use of platform method development processes and procedures, the development of multiattribute analytical procedures, and the use of analytical technologies to provide product characterization knowledge in order to define or redefine the ATP. Challenges associated with method selection are discussed such as where existing pharmacopoeial monographs link acceptance criteria to specific types of analytical technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phil Borman
- Product Development and Supply, GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Cristiana Campa
- Technical Research & Development, Vaccines, GSK, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Elliot Hook
- Global Pharma Analytical Science and Technology, Pharma Supply Chain, GSK, Priory Street, Ware, SG12 0DJ, U.K
| | - Patrick Jackson
- Product Development and Supply, GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Wayne Kelley
- Product Development and Supply, GSK, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Michel Protz
- Analytical Research and Development, GSK, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rütter M, Milošević N, David A. Say no to drugs: Bioactive macromolecular therapeutics without conventional drugs. J Control Release 2020; 330:1191-1207. [PMID: 33207257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of nanomedicines (NM) investigated today consists of a macromolecular carrier and a drug payload (conjugated or encapsulated), with a purpose of preferential delivery of the drug to the desired site of action, either through passive accumulation, or by active targeting via ligand-receptor interaction. Several drug delivery systems (DDS) have already been approved for clinical use. However, recent reports are corroborating the notion that NM do not necessarily need to include a drug payload, but can exert biological effects through specific binding/blocking of important target proteins at the site of action. The seminal work of Kopeček et al. on N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers containing biorecognition motifs (peptides or oligonucleotides) for crosslinking cell surface non-internalizing receptors of malignant cells and inducing their apoptosis, without containing any low molecular weight drug, led to the definition of a special group of NM, termed Drug-Free Macromolecular Therapeutics (DFMT). Systems utilizing this approach are typically designed to employ pendant targeting-ligands on the same macromolecule to facilitate multivalent interactions with receptors. The lack of conventional small molecule drugs reduces toxicity and adverse effects at off-target sites. In this review, we describe different types of DFMT that possess biological activity without attached low molecular weight drugs. We classified the relevant research into several groups by their mechanisms of action, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of these different approaches. We show that identification of target sites, specificity of attached targeting ligands, binding affinity and the synthesis of carriers of defined size and ligand spacing are crucial aspects of DFMT development. We further discuss how knowledge in the field of NM accumulated in the past few decades can help in the design of a successful DFMT to speed up the translation into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Rütter
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Nenad Milošević
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Ayelet David
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang X, Wang GX, Zhou JF. CAR T Cell Therapy for Hematological Malignancies. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:874-882. [PMID: 31845217 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As a rapidly progressing field in oncology, the adoptive transfer of T cells that have been genetically modified with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has shown striking efficacy in the management of hematological malignancies and has been reported in a number of clinical trials. Of note, CAR T cell therapy has shown extraordinary potential, especially in relapsed/refractory patients. However, there are still challenges regarding the further development of this strategy, spanning from engineering and manufacturing issues, to limited applications, to accompanying toxicities. In this review, we will summarize the general knowledge of this novel method, including receptor composition, applications, adverse events and challenges. Additionally, we will propose several comprehensive recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Gao-Xiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jian-Feng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lossos C, Liu Y, Kolb KE, Christie AL, Van Scoyk A, Prakadan SM, Shigemori K, Stevenson KE, Morrow S, Plana OD, Fraser C, Jones KL, Liu H, Pallasch CP, Modiste R, Nguyen QD, Craig JW, Morgan EA, Vega F, Aster JC, Sarosiek KA, Shalek AK, Hemann MT, Weinstock DM. Mechanisms of Lymphoma Clearance Induced by High-Dose Alkylating Agents. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:944-961. [PMID: 31040105 PMCID: PMC6606344 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The extraordinary activity of high-dose cyclophosphamide against some high-grade lymphomas was described nearly 60 years ago. Here we address mechanisms that mediate cyclophosphamide activity in bona fide human double-hit lymphoma. We show that antibody resistance within the bone marrow (BM) is not present upon early engraftment but develops during lymphoma progression. This resistance required a high tumor:macrophage ratio, was recapitulated in spleen by partial macrophage depletion, and was overcome by multiple, high-dose alkylating agents. Cyclophosphamide induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in BM-resident lymphoma cells in vivo that resulted in ATF4-mediated paracrine secretion of VEGFA, massive macrophage infiltration, and clearance of alemtuzumab-opsonized cells. BM macrophages isolated after cyclophosphamide treatment had increased phagocytic capacity that was reversed by VEGFA blockade or SYK inhibition. Single-cell RNA sequencing of these macrophages identified a "super-phagocytic" subset that expressed CD36/FCGR4. Together, these findings define a novel mechanism through which high-dose alkylating agents promote macrophage-dependent lymphoma clearance. SIGNIFICANCE: mAbs are effective against only a small subset of cancers. Herein, we recapitulate compartment-specific antibody resistance and define an ER stress-dependent mechanism induced by high-dose alkylating agents that promotes phagocytosis of opsonized tumor cells. This approach induces synergistic effects with mAbs and merits testing across additional tumor types.See related commentary by Duval and De Palma, p. 834.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 813.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lossos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- MIT Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kellie E Kolb
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Amanda L Christie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexandria Van Scoyk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sanjay M Prakadan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kay Shigemori
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristen E Stevenson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Morrow
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olivia D Plana
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cameron Fraser
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristen L Jones
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Huiyun Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christian P Pallasch
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Modiste
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Quang-De Nguyen
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey W Craig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth A Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francisco Vega
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Jon C Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristopher A Sarosiek
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael T Hemann
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- MIT Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David M Weinstock
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Daum S, Toms J, Reshetnikov V, Özkan HG, Hampel F, Maschauer S, Hakimioun A, Beierlein F, Sellner L, Schmitt M, Prante O, Mokhir A. Identification of Boronic Acid Derivatives as an Active Form of N-Alkylaminoferrocene-Based Anticancer Prodrugs and Their Radiolabeling with 18F. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1077-1086. [PMID: 30768258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
N-Alkylaminoferrocene (NAAF)-based prodrugs are activated in the presence of elevated amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which corresponds to cancer specific conditions, with formation of NAAF and p-quinone methide. Both products act synergistically by increasing oxidative stress in cancer cells that causes their death. Though it has already been demonstrated that the best prodrugs of this type retain their antitumor activity in vivo, the effects were found to be substantially weaker than those observed in cell cultures. Moreover, the mechanistic studies of these compounds in vivo are missing. For clarification of these important questions, labeling of the prodrugs with radioactive moieties would be necessary. In this paper, we first observed that the representative NAAF-based prodrugs are hydrolyzed in dilute aqueous solutions to the corresponding arylboronic acids. We confirmed that these products are responsible for ROS amplification and anticancer properties of the parent prodrugs. Next, we developed the efficient synthetic protocol for radiolabeling the hydrolyzed NAAF-based prodrugs by [18F]fluoroglucosylation under the conditions of the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and used this protocol to prepare one representative hydrolyzed NAAF-based prodrug radiolabeled with 18F. Finally, we studied the stability of the 18F-labeled compound in human serum in vitro and in rat blood in vivo and obtained preliminary data on its biodistribution in vivo in mice carrying pancreatic (AR42J) and prostate (PC3) tumors by applying PET imaging studies. The compound described in this paper will help to understand in vivo effects (e.g., pharmacokinetics, accumulation in organs, the nature of side effects) of these prodrugs that will strongly contribute to their advancement to clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Daum
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Johannes Toms
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry , Schwabachanlage 6 , 91054 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Viktor Reshetnikov
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Hülya Gizem Özkan
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Simone Maschauer
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry , Schwabachanlage 6 , 91054 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Amir Hakimioun
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer-Chemistry-Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials , Nägelsbachstr. 25 , 91052 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Frank Beierlein
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer-Chemistry-Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials , Nägelsbachstr. 25 , 91052 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Leopold Sellner
- University Hospital Heidelberg , Department of Medicine V , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- University Hospital Heidelberg , Department of Medicine V , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Olaf Prante
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry , Schwabachanlage 6 , 91054 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Oostindie SC, van der Horst HJ, Lindorfer MA, Cook EM, Tupitza JC, Zent CS, Burack R, VanDerMeid KR, Strumane K, Chamuleau MED, Mutis T, de Jong RN, Schuurman J, Breij ECW, Beurskens FJ, Parren PWHI, Taylor RP. CD20 and CD37 antibodies synergize to activate complement by Fc-mediated clustering. Haematologica 2019; 104:1841-1852. [PMID: 30792198 PMCID: PMC6717598 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.207266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD20 monoclonal antibody therapies have significantly improved the outlook for patients with B-cell malignancies. However, many patients acquire resistance, demonstrating the need for new and improved drugs. We previously demonstrated that the natural process of antibody hexamer formation on targeted cells allows for optimal induction of complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity can be potentiated by introducing a single point mutation such as E430G in the IgG Fc domain that enhances intermolecular Fc-Fc interactions between cell-bound IgG molecules, thereby facilitating IgG hexamer formation. Antibodies specific for CD37, a target that is abundantly expressed on healthy and malignant B cells, are generally poor inducers of complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Here we demonstrate that introduction of the hexamerization-enhancing mutation E430G in CD37-specific antibodies facilitates highly potent complement-dependent cytotoxicity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells ex vivo. Strikingly, we observed that combinations of hexamerization-enhanced CD20 and CD37 antibodies cooperated in C1q binding and induced superior and synergistic complement-dependent cytotoxicity in patient-derived cancer cells compared to the single agents. Furthermore, CD20 and CD37 antibodies colocalized on the cell membrane, an effect that was potentiated by the hexamerization-enhancing mutation. Moreover, upon cell surface binding, CD20 and CD37 antibodies were shown to form mixed hexameric antibody complexes consisting of both antibodies each bound to their own cognate target, so-called hetero-hexamers. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of synergy in antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity and provide a rationale to explore Fc-engineering and antibody hetero-hexamerization as a tool to enhance the cooperativity and therapeutic efficacy of antibody combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone C Oostindie
- Genmab, Utrecht, the Netherlands .,Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hilma J van der Horst
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Margaret A Lindorfer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Erika M Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jillian C Tupitza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Clive S Zent
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Richard Burack
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Karl R VanDerMeid
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Martine E D Chamuleau
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tuna Mutis
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul W H I Parren
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Lava Therapeutics, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Song L, Zhang W, Chen H, Zhang X, Wu H, Ma M, Wang Z, Gu N, Zhang Y. Apoptosis-promoting effect of rituximab-conjugated magnetic nanoprobes on malignant lymphoma cells with CD20 overexpression. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:921-936. [PMID: 30787607 PMCID: PMC6363495 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s185458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer targeting nanoprobes with precisely designed physicochemical properties may show enhanced pharmacological targeting and therapeutic efficacy. As a widely used commercialized antibody, rituximab has been in clinical use for three decades and has lengthened or even saved thousands of lives. However, many people cannot benefit from rituximab treatment because of drug resistance or side effects. Methods In this study, a 13-nm rituximab-conjugated magnetic nanoparticle was developed as a therapeutic nanoprobe targeting CD20 overexpressing malignant lymphoma cells to enhance the treatment effects of rituximab. The magnetic cores (2,3-dimercaptosuccinicacid modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Fe3O4@DMSA) of the nanoprobes with an average diameter of 6.5 nm were synthesized using a co-precipitation method. Rituximab was then conjugated on the surface of Fe3O4@DMSA using a cross-linking agent (carbodiimide/N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide sodium salt). Based on theoretical calculations, approximately one antibody was coupled with one nanoparticle, excluding the multivalent antibody effect. Results Cell targeting experiments and magnetic resonance (MR) signal and T2 measurements showed that the Fe3O4@DMSA@Ab nanoprobes have specific binding affinity for CD20-positive cells. Compared to rituximab and Fe3O4@DMSA, Fe3O4@DMSA@Ab nanoprobes significantly reduced cell viability and promoted Raji cell apoptosis. Initiating events of apoptosis, including increased intracellular calcium and reactive oxygen species, were observed in nanoprobe-treated Raji cells. Nanoprobe-treated Raji cells also showed the most drastic decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and Bcl-2 expression, compared to rituximab and Fe3O4@DMSA-treated Raji cells. Conclusion These results indicate that Fe3O4@DMSA@Ab nanoprobes have the potential to serve as MRI tracers and therapeutic agents for CD20-positive cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China, ; .,Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Jiangsu Province Research Institute for Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Haoan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Zhongqiu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China, ;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Reshetnikov V, Daum S, Janko C, Karawacka W, Tietze R, Alexiou C, Paryzhak S, Dumych T, Bilyy R, Tripal P, Schmid B, Palmisano R, Mokhir A. ROS-Responsive N-Alkylaminoferrocenes for Cancer-Cell-Specific Targeting of Mitochondria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Reshetnikov
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Steffen Daum
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery; Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON); Universitätsklinikum Erlangen; Glückstraße 10a 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Weronika Karawacka
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery; Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON); Universitätsklinikum Erlangen; Glückstraße 10a 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Rainer Tietze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery; Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON); Universitätsklinikum Erlangen; Glückstraße 10a 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery; Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON); Universitätsklinikum Erlangen; Glückstraße 10a 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Solomiya Paryzhak
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University; Pekarska str. 69 79010 Lviv Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Dumych
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University; Pekarska str. 69 79010 Lviv Ukraine
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University; Pekarska str. 69 79010 Lviv Ukraine
| | - Philipp Tripal
- Optical Imaging Centre Erlangen OICE; Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Hartmann-str. 14 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Benjamin Schmid
- Optical Imaging Centre Erlangen OICE; Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Hartmann-str. 14 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ralf Palmisano
- Optical Imaging Centre Erlangen OICE; Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Hartmann-str. 14 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reshetnikov V, Daum S, Janko C, Karawacka W, Tietze R, Alexiou C, Paryzhak S, Dumych T, Bilyy R, Tripal P, Schmid B, Palmisano R, Mokhir A. ROS-Responsive N-Alkylaminoferrocenes for Cancer-Cell-Specific Targeting of Mitochondria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11943-11946. [PMID: 30035345 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial membrane potential is more negative in cancer cells than in normal cells, allowing cancer targeting by delocalized lipophilic cations (DLCs). However, as the difference is rather small, these drugs affect also normal cells. Now a concept of pro-DLCs is proposed based on an N-alkylaminoferrocene structure. These prodrugs are activated by the reaction with reactive oxygen species (ROS) forming ferrocenium-based DLCs. Since ROS are overproduced in cancer, the high-efficiency cancer-cell-specific targeting of mitochondria could be achieved as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy in combination with two fluorogenic pro-DLCs in vitro and in vivo. We prepared a conjugate of another pro-DLC with a clinically approved drug carboplatin and confirmed that its accumulation in mitochondria was higher than that of the free drug. This was reflected in the substantially higher anticancer effect of the conjugate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Reshetnikov
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Daum
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Weronika Karawacka
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Tietze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Solomiya Paryzhak
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska str. 69, 79010, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Dumych
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska str. 69, 79010, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska str. 69, 79010, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Philipp Tripal
- Optical Imaging Centre Erlangen OICE, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmann-str. 14, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schmid
- Optical Imaging Centre Erlangen OICE, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmann-str. 14, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf Palmisano
- Optical Imaging Centre Erlangen OICE, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmann-str. 14, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Craig JW, Mina MJ, Crombie JL, LaCasce AS, Weinstock DM, Pinkus GS, Pozdnyakova O. Assessment of CD52 expression in "double-hit" and "double-expressor" lymphomas: Implications for clinical trial eligibility. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199708. [PMID: 30020951 PMCID: PMC6051601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
"Double-hit" and "double-expressor" lymphomas represent distinct but overlapping subsets of aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The high rates of bone marrow involvement by these lymphomas pose a major therapeutic challenge due to the chemotherapy-resistant nature of the bone marrow microenvironment and the limited utility of rituximab-based salvage regimens in patients with relapsed/refractory disease. Preclinical studies utilizing high-dose cyclophosphamide in combination with the anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab have recently shown promise in the treatment of intramedullary disease, and a Phase I human trial is now underway. In support of such efforts, here we perform CD52 target validation on a series of double-hit (n = 40) and double-expressor (n = 58) lymphomas using immunohistochemistry. CD52 expression levels varied considerably across samples, however positive staining was observed in 75% of both double-hit and double-expressor lymphomas. Similarly, high levels of CD52 expression were seen in patients whose disease was associated with high-risk clinical features, including primary refractory status (73%), higher IPI score (76%), and bone marrow involvement (74%). CD52 expression was not significantly correlated with diagnostically relevant pathologic features such as morphology, cytogenetic findings or other immunophenotypic features, but was notably present in all cases lacking CD20 expression (n = 6). We propose that CD52 expression status be evaluated on a case-by-case basis to guide eligibility for clinical trial enrollment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W. Craig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Mina
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Crombie
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ann S. LaCasce
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David M. Weinstock
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Geraldine S. Pinkus
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Olga Pozdnyakova
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Witkowska M, Smolewski P, Robak T. Investigational therapies targeting CD37 for the treatment of B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 27:171-177. [PMID: 29323537 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1427730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While chemotherapy still remains a cornerstone of oncologic therapy, immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has steadily improved the treatment strategy for several hematologic malignancies. New treatment options need to be developed for relapsed and refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients. Currently, novel agents targeting specific molecules on the surface of lymphoma cells, such as anti-CD37 antibodies, are under considerable investigation. Here we report on anti-CD37 targeting for the treatment of patients with B-cell NHL. AREAS COVERED CD37 seems to be the perfect therapeutic target in patients with NHL. The CD37 antigen is abundantly expressed in B-cells, but is absent on normal stem cells and plasma cells. It is hoped that anti-CD37 monoclonal antibodies will increase the efficacy and reduce toxicity in patients with both newly diagnosed and relapsed and refractory disease. Recent clinical trials have shown promising outcomes for these agents, administered both as monotherapy and in combination with standard chemotherapeutics. EXPERT OPINION The development of new therapeutic options might help to avoid cytotoxic chemotherapy entirely in some clinical settings. This article presents the latest state of the art on the new treatment strategies in NHL patients. It also discusses recently approved agents and available clinical trial data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Witkowska
- a Department of Experimental Hematology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Piotr Smolewski
- a Department of Experimental Hematology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Tadeusz Robak
- b Department of Hematology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Agha Amiri S, Shahhosseini S, Zarei N, Khorasanizadeh D, Aminollahi E, Rezaie F, Zargari M, Azizi M, Khalaj V. A novel anti-CD22 scFv-apoptin fusion protein induces apoptosis in malignant B-cells. AMB Express 2017; 7:112. [PMID: 28582973 PMCID: PMC5457376 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD22 marker is a highly internalizing antigen which is located on the surface of B-cells and is being used as a promising target for treatment of B cell malignancies. Monoclonal antibodies targeting CD22 have been introduced and some are currently under investigation in clinical trials. Building on the success of antibody drug conjugates, we developed a fusion protein consisting of a novel anti-CD22 scFv and apoptin and tested binding and therapeutic effects in lymphoma cells. The recombinant protein was expressed in E. coli and successfully purified and refolded. In vitro binding analysis by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry demonstrated that the recombinant protein specifically binds to CD22 positive Raji cells but not to CD22 negative Jurkat cells. The cytotoxic properties of scFv–apoptin were assessed by an MTT assay and Annexin V/PI flow cytometry analysis and showed that the recombinant protein induced apoptosis preferentially in Raji cells with no detectable effects in Jurkat cells. Our findings indicated that the recombinant anti-CD22 scFv–apoptin fusion protein could successfully cross the cell membrane and induce apoptosis with high specificity, make it as a promising molecule for immunotherapy of B-cell malignancies.
Collapse
|
18
|
Daum S, Reshetnikov MSV, Sisa M, Dumych T, Lootsik MD, Bilyy R, Bila E, Janko C, Alexiou C, Herrmann M, Sellner L, Mokhir A. Lysosome-Targeting Amplifiers of Reactive Oxygen Species as Anticancer Prodrugs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Daum
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II; Henkestr. 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - M. S. Viktor Reshetnikov
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II; Henkestr. 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Miroslav Sisa
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II; Henkestr. 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR; Prague Czech Republik
| | - Tetyana Dumych
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University; Pekarska str. 69 79010 Lviv Ukraine
| | - Maxim D. Lootsik
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University; Pekarska str. 69 79010 Lviv Ukraine
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University; Pekarska str. 69 79010 Lviv Ukraine
| | - Evgenia Bila
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Ivan Franko Lviv National University; Kyrylo & Mefodiy Str. 6 79005 Lviv Ukraine
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON); University Hospital Erlangen; Glückstraße 10a 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON); University Hospital Erlangen; Glückstraße 10a 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology; University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Leopold Sellner
- Department of Medicine V; University Hospital Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 410 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II; Henkestr. 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Daum S, Reshetnikov MSV, Sisa M, Dumych T, Lootsik MD, Bilyy R, Bila E, Janko C, Alexiou C, Herrmann M, Sellner L, Mokhir A. Lysosome-Targeting Amplifiers of Reactive Oxygen Species as Anticancer Prodrugs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15545-15549. [PMID: 28994179 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells produce elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, which has been used to design cancer specific prodrugs. Their activation relies on at least a bimolecular process, in which a prodrug reacts with ROS. However, at low micromolar concentrations of the prodrugs and ROS, the activation is usually inefficient. Herein, we propose and validate a potentially general approach for solving this intrinsic problem of ROS-dependent prodrugs. In particular, known prodrug 4-(N-ferrocenyl-N-benzylaminocarbonyloxymethyl)phenylboronic acid pinacol ester was converted into its lysosome-specific analogue. Since lysosomes contain a higher concentration of active ROS than the cytoplasm, activation of the prodrug was facilitated with respect to the parent compound. Moreover, it was found to exhibit high anticancer activity in a variety of cancer cell lines (IC50 =3.5-7.2 μm) and in vivo (40 mg kg-1 , NK/Ly murine model) but remained weakly toxic towards non-malignant cells (IC50 =15-30 μm).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Daum
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M S Viktor Reshetnikov
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miroslav Sisa
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Prague, Czech Republik
| | - Tetyana Dumych
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska str. 69, 79010, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Maxim D Lootsik
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska str. 69, 79010, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska str. 69, 79010, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Evgenia Bila
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Ivan Franko Lviv National University, Kyrylo & Mefodiy Str. 6, 79005, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital Erlangen, Glückstraße 10a, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leopold Sellner
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II, Henkestr. 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells for B Cell Neoplasms: Choose the Right CAR for You. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2017; 11:368-84. [PMID: 27475429 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-016-0336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Genetic redirection of T lymphocytes allows us to unleash these potent cellular immune effectors against cancer. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are the best-in-class example that genetic engineering of T cells can lead to deep and durable responses, as has been shown in several clinical trials for CD19+ B cell malignancies. As a consequence, in the last few years, several academic institutions and commercial partners have started developing anti-CD19 CAR T cell products. Although most of these T cell products are highly effective in vivo, basic differences among them can generate different performance characteristics and thereby impact their long-term clinical outcome. Several strategies are being implemented in order to solve the current open issues of CART19 therapy: (i) increasing efficacy against indolent B cell leukemias and lymphomas, (ii) avoiding or preventing antigen-loss relapses, (iii) reducing and managing toxicity, and (iv) bringing this CART therapy to routine clinical practice. The field of CART therapies is thriving, and exciting new avenues are opening for both scientists and patients.
Collapse
|
21
|
Mohammad Zadeh AH, Rouholamini Najafabadi A, Vatanara A, Faghihi H, Gilani K. Effect of molecular weight and ratio of poly ethylene glycols' derivatives in combination with trehalose on stability of freeze-dried IgG. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:1945-1951. [PMID: 28689435 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1353520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of poly ethylene glycol (PEG) at different molecular weights (MWs) and ratios was studied on the stability of freeze-dried immune globulin G (IgG). PEGs (600-4000 Dalton) at concentrations of 0.5 and 5% W/V were applied in the presence of 40 and 60% W/W of trehalose to prepare freeze-dried IgG formulations. Size-exclusion chromatography, infra-red spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter, and gel electrophoresis were performed to characterize lyophilized samples. Pure IgG demonstrated the highest aggregation of 5.77 ± 0.10% after process and 12.66 ± 0.50% as well as 44.69 ± 0.50% upon 1 and 2 months of storage at 45 °C, respectively. 5% W/V of PEGs 4000 in combination with 40% W/W trehalose, significantly suppressed aggregation, 0.05 ± 0.01%, with minimum aggregation rate constant of 0.32 (1/month). The integrity of IgG molecules and secondary conformation were properly preserved in all formulations comparing native IgG. It could be concluded that appropriate concentration and MW of PEGs, prominently augmented stabilizing effect of trehalose on freeze-dried antibody through inserting additional supportive mechanisms of actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alireza Vatanara
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Homa Faghihi
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Kambiz Gilani
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
de Winde CM, Elfrink S, van Spriel AB. Novel Insights into Membrane Targeting of B Cell Lymphoma. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:442-453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
23
|
Turrini R, Merlo A, Martorelli D, Faè DA, Sommaggio R, Montagner IM, Barbieri V, Marin O, Zanovello P, Dolcetti R, Rosato A. A BARF1-specific mAb as a new immunotherapeutic tool for the management of EBV-related tumors. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1304338. [PMID: 28507812 PMCID: PMC5414862 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1304338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for the diagnosis and treatment of malignancies is acquiring an increasing clinical importance, thanks to their specificity, efficacy and relative easiness of use. However, in the context of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related malignancies, only cancers of B-cell origin can benefit from therapeutic mAb targeting specific B-cell lineage antigens. To overcome this limitation, we generated a new mAb specific for BARF1, an EBV-encoded protein with transforming and immune-modulating properties. BARF1 is expressed as a latent protein in nasopharyngeal (NPC) and gastric carcinoma (GC), and also in neoplastic B cells mainly upon lytic cycle induction, thus representing a potential target for all EBV-related malignancies. Considering that BARF1 is largely but not exclusively secreted, the BARF1 mAb was selected on the basis of its ability to bind a domain of the protein retained at the cell surface of tumor cells. In vitro, the newly generated mAb recognized the target molecule in its native conformation, and was highly effective in mediating both ADCC and CDC against BARF1-positive tumor cells. In vivo, biodistribution analysis in mice engrafted with BARF1-positive and -negative tumor cells confirmed its high specificity for the target. More importantly, the mAb disclosed a relevant antitumor potential in preclinical models of NPC and lymphoma, as evaluated in terms of both reduction of tumor masses and long-term survival. Taken together, these data not only confirm BARF1 as a promising target for immunotherapeutic interventions, but also pave the way for a successful translation of this new mAb to the clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Turrini
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Merlo
- Department of Immunology and Blood Transfusions, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Debora Martorelli
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Damiana Antonia Faè
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Roberta Sommaggio
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Vito Barbieri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Oriano Marin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Zanovello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy.,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shi Q, Zhou L, Wang Y, Ma H. A Strategy for Screening Monoclonal Antibodies for Arabidopsis Flowers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:270. [PMID: 28293248 PMCID: PMC5330178 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The flower is one of the most complex structures of angiosperms and is essential for sexual reproduction. Current studies using molecular genetic tools have made great advances in understanding flower development. Due to the lack of available antibodies, studies investigating the localization of proteins required for flower development have been restricted to use commercial antibodies against known antigens such as GFP, YFP, and FLAG. Thus, knowledge about cellular structures in the floral organs is limited due to the scarcity of antibodies that can label cellular components. To generate monoclonal antibodies that can facilitate molecular studies of the flower, we constructed a library of monoclonal antibodies against antigenic proteins from Arabidopsis inflorescences and identified 61 monoclonal antibodies. Twenty-four of these monoclonal antibodies displayed a unique band in a western blot assay in at least one of the examined tissues. Distinct cellular distribution patterns of epitopes were detected by these 24 antibodies by immunofluorescence microscopy in a flower section. Subsequently, a combination of immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis identified potential targets for three of these antibodies. These results provide evidence for the generation of an antibody library using the total plant proteins as antigens. Using this method, the present study identified 61 monoclonal antibodies and 24 of them were efficiently detecting epitopes in both western blot experiments and immunofluorescence microscopy. These antibodies can be applied as informative cellular markers to study the biological mechanisms underlying floral development in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plants Biology, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Lian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plants Biology, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yingxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plants Biology, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Hong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plants Biology, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Brioli A, Mügge LO, Hochhaus A, Von Lilienfeld-Toal M. Safety issues and management of toxicities associated with new treatments for multiple myeloma. Expert Rev Hematol 2017; 10:193-205. [PMID: 28116920 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1284584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last decade, the availability of new drugs for the treatment of Multiple Myeloma (MM) significantly improved patients' outcomes, but also raised attention towards a new spectrum of adverse events. Recently, four novel agents with different mechanisms of action (carfilzomib, elotuzumab, daratumumab and panobinostat) have been approved for the treatment of MM. This review aims at providing physicians with the tools to recognize and handle toxicity issues related with these new treatments. Areas covered: This review focuses on the management of drug related adverse events of the latest approved drug combinations. New drug combinations under development and still in the phase of approval will be briefly discussed. PubMed was searched using the terms 'toxicity', 'carfilzomib', 'elotuzumab' 'daratumumab' and 'panobinostat'. Phase II and III clinical trials and previously published analyses on toxicities were reviewed. For new drug combination abstracts presented at the latest ASH, ASCO and EHA meetings as well as clinicaltrial.gov website was searched and reviewed. Expert commentary: With the development of newer drugs and the availability of different treatment options for MM patients, an accurate evaluation of treatment side effects, their prompt recognition and management is mandatory for all clinical hematologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Brioli
- a Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abt. Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie , Universitätsklinikum Jena , Jena , Germany
| | - Lars-Olof Mügge
- b Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Hämatologie, Onkologie und Palliativmedizin , Heinrich-Braun-Klinikum , Zwickau , Germany
| | - Andreas Hochhaus
- a Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abt. Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie , Universitätsklinikum Jena , Jena , Germany
| | - Marie Von Lilienfeld-Toal
- a Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abt. Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie , Universitätsklinikum Jena , Jena , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pagano L, Busca A, Candoni A, Cattaneo C, Cesaro S, Fanci R, Nadali G, Potenza L, Russo D, Tumbarello M, Nosari A, Aversa F. Risk stratification for invasive fungal infections in patients with hematological malignancies: SEIFEM recommendations. Blood Rev 2016; 31:17-29. [PMID: 27682882 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Patients with hematological malignancies undergoing conventional chemotherapy, autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are considered at high risk, and Aspergillus spp. represents the most frequently isolated micro-organisms. In the last years, attention has also been focused on other rare molds (e.g., Zygomycetes, Fusarium spp.) responsible for devastating clinical manifestations. The extensive use of antifungal prophylaxis has reduced the infections from yeasts (e.g., candidemia) even though they are still associated with high mortality rates. This paper analyzes concurrent multiple predisposing factors that could favor the onset of fungal infections. Although neutropenia is common to almost all hematologic patients, other factors play a key role in specific patients, in particular in patients with AML or allogeneic HSCT recipients. Defining those patients at higher risk of IFIs may help to design the most appropriate diagnostic work-up and antifungal strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livio Pagano
- Istituto di Ematologia, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Roma, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Busca
- Stem Cell Transplant Center, AOU Citta' della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Candoni
- Clinica Ematologica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Santa Maria Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Simone Cesaro
- Oncoematologia Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Rosa Fanci
- Unità Funzionale di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi e Università di Firenze, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Nadali
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Italy
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- UOC Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Materno Infantili e dell'Adulto, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Domenico Russo
- Cattedra di Ematologia, Unità di Malattie del Sangue e Trapianto di Midollo Osseo, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali, Università di Brescia e ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mario Tumbarello
- Istituto di Malattie Infettive, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Nosari
- Divisione di Ematologia e Centro Trapianti Midollo, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Franco Aversa
- Hematology and BMT Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Alexopoulos H, Biba A, Dalakas MC. Anti-B-Cell Therapies in Autoimmune Neurological Diseases: Rationale and Efficacy Trials. Neurotherapeutics 2016; 13:20-33. [PMID: 26566961 PMCID: PMC4720683 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-015-0402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells have an ever-increasing role in the etiopathology of a number of autoimmune neurological disorders, acting as antibody-producing cells and, most importantly, as sensors, coordinators, and regulators of the immune response. B cells, among other functions, regulate the T-cell activation process through their participation in antigen presentation and production of cytokines. The availability of monoclonal antibodies or fusion proteins against B-cell surface molecules or B-cell trophic factors bestows a rational approach for treating autoimmune neurological disorders, even when T cells are the main effector cells. This review summarizes basic aspects of B-cell biology, discusses the role(s) of B cells in neurological autoimmunity, and presents anti-B-cell drugs that are either currently on the market or are expected to be available in the near future for treating neurological autoimmune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Alexopoulos
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Angie Biba
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marinos C Dalakas
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pantani L, Brioli A, Tacchetti P, Zannetti BA, Mancuso K, Rocchi S, Martello M, Rizzello I, Terragna C, Zamagni E, Cavo M. Current and emerging triplet combination therapies for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Expert Rev Hematol 2015; 9:315-23. [PMID: 26634945 DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2016.1127754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant improvement in outcomes have been observed for multiple myeloma (MM) patients over the past 10-15 years, mainly due to the introduction of novel agents targeting the tumor clone and the bone marrow microenvironment, treatment of refractory and/or relapsed (RR) disease remains a challenge, particularly for patients who have failed prior bortezomib- and lenalidomide-based therapies. More recently, new drugs with different mechanisms of action, including second generation proteasome inhibitors, third generation immunomodulatory drugs, histone deacetylase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, have been developed and are under investigation, further increasing treatment options for RRMM patients. Overall, novel agent-based triplet combinations demonstrated superior response rates and prolonged disease control when compared with two-drug regimens in several randomized clinical trials, without adding any relevant additional toxicity. Salvage triplet therapies are likely to play a key role in overcoming drug-resistance and hold promise to further improve long-term outcomes of RRMM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Pantani
- a "Seràgnoli" Institute of Hematology , Bologna University School of Medicine , Bologna , Italy
| | - A Brioli
- a "Seràgnoli" Institute of Hematology , Bologna University School of Medicine , Bologna , Italy
| | - P Tacchetti
- a "Seràgnoli" Institute of Hematology , Bologna University School of Medicine , Bologna , Italy
| | - B A Zannetti
- a "Seràgnoli" Institute of Hematology , Bologna University School of Medicine , Bologna , Italy
| | - K Mancuso
- a "Seràgnoli" Institute of Hematology , Bologna University School of Medicine , Bologna , Italy
| | - S Rocchi
- a "Seràgnoli" Institute of Hematology , Bologna University School of Medicine , Bologna , Italy
| | - M Martello
- a "Seràgnoli" Institute of Hematology , Bologna University School of Medicine , Bologna , Italy
| | - I Rizzello
- a "Seràgnoli" Institute of Hematology , Bologna University School of Medicine , Bologna , Italy
| | - C Terragna
- a "Seràgnoli" Institute of Hematology , Bologna University School of Medicine , Bologna , Italy
| | - E Zamagni
- a "Seràgnoli" Institute of Hematology , Bologna University School of Medicine , Bologna , Italy
| | - M Cavo
- a "Seràgnoli" Institute of Hematology , Bologna University School of Medicine , Bologna , Italy
| |
Collapse
|