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Rusconi G, Cremona M, Gallazzi M, Mariotta L, Gola M, Gandolfi E, Malacco M, Soldati G. Good Manufacturing Practice-Compliant Cryopreserved and Thawed Native Adipose Tissue Ready for Fat Grafting. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3028. [PMID: 38892739 PMCID: PMC11172459 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: As adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells are becoming the tool of choice for many clinical applications; standardized cryopreservation protocols are necessary to deliver high-quality samples. For this purpose, the cryopreservation and thawing of native adipose tissue under GMP conditions could represent an extremely useful and powerful tool for the direct reinfusion of the tissue, and consequently, of its stromal vascular fraction. Methods: In this study, 19 samples of adipose tissue were cryopreserved and characterized before and after storage in liquid nitrogen vapors. Of these 19 samples, 14 were processed in research and 5 in a GMP-compliant environment. Storage with and without cryopreservation medium was also evaluated. After one week to three months of storage, samples were thawed, washed, enzymatically digested, and characterized with flow cytometry. Results: The results show that there is a loss of nearly 50% of total nucleated cells during the cryopreservation/thawing process. Non-GMP and GMP samples are comparable for all parameters analyzed. This study also allowed us to exclude the cryopreservation of adipose tissue without any cryopreservation medium. Conclusions: The data shown in this work are consistent with the idea that native adipose tissue, if properly processed and controlled, could be a useful source of cells for regenerative medicine, keeping in mind that there is a clear difference in the quality between fresh and thawed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Rusconi
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland (M.C.)
| | | | | | - Luca Mariotta
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland (M.C.)
- Swiss Stem Cells Biotech AG, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Gola
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland (M.C.)
| | - Eugenio Gandolfi
- Clinica Sant’Anna, Swiss Medical Network, 6924 Sorengo, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Malacco
- Clinica Sant’Anna, Swiss Medical Network, 6924 Sorengo, Switzerland
| | - Gianni Soldati
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland (M.C.)
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Cremona M, Rusconi G, Ferrario A, Mariotta L, Gola M, Soldati G. Processing Adipose Tissue Samples in a GMP Environment Standardizes the Use of SVF in Cell Therapy Treatments: Data on 302 Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2533. [PMID: 37760974 PMCID: PMC10525825 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells, together with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, are becoming the tool of choice for many clinical applications. Currently, nearly 200 clinical trials are running worldwide to prove the efficacy of this cell type in treating many diseases and pathological conditions. To reach the goals of cell therapies and produce ATMPs as drugs for regenerative medicine, it is necessary to properly standardize GMP processes and, thus, collection methods, transportation strategies, extraction protocols, and characterization procedures, without forgetting that all the tissues of the human body are characterized by a wide inter-individual variability which is genetically determined and acquired during life. Here, we compare 302 samples processed under GMP rules to exclude the influence of the operator and of the anatomical site of collection. The influence of variability in the ages and genders of patients, along with laboratory parameters such as total cell number, cell viability, stem cell number, and other stromal vascular fraction cell subpopulations, has been compared. The results show that when the laboratory protocol is standardized, the variability of quantifiable cell parameters is widely statistically non-significant, meaning that we can take a further step toward standardized advanced cell therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cremona
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (M.C.)
| | - Giulio Rusconi
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (M.C.)
| | | | - Luca Mariotta
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (M.C.)
- Swiss Stem Cells Biotech AG, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Gola
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (M.C.)
| | - Gianni Soldati
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (M.C.)
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3
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Szydlak R. Mesenchymal stem cells in ischemic tissue regeneration. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:16-30. [PMID: 36909782 PMCID: PMC9993139 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i2.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by ischemia are one of the leading causes of death in the world. Current therapies for treating acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and critical limb ischemia do not complete recovery. Regenerative therapies opens new therapeutic strategy in the treatment of ischemic disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most promising option in the field of cell-based therapies, due to their secretory and immunomodulatory abilities, that contribute to ease inflammation and promote the regeneration of damaged tissues. This review presents the current knowledge of the mechanisms of action of MSCs and their therapeutic effects in the treatment of ischemic diseases, described on the basis of data from in vitro experiments and preclinical animal studies, and also summarize the effects of using these cells in clinical trial settings. Since the obtained therapeutic benefits are not always satisfactory, approaches aimed at enhancing the effect of MSCs in regenerative therapies are presented at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Szydlak
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków 31-034, Poland
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The Osteogenic Potential of Falciform Ligament-Derived Stromal Cells-A Comparative Analysis between Two Osteogenic Induction Programs. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120810. [PMID: 36551016 PMCID: PMC9774535 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have gained special relevance in bone tissue regenerative applications. MSCs have been isolated from different depots, with adipose tissue being acknowledged as one of the most convenient sources, given the wide availability, high cellular yield, and obtainability. Recently, the falciform ligament (FL) has been regarded as a potential depot for adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (FL-ADSCs) isolation. Nonetheless, the osteogenic capability of FL-ADSCs has not been previously characterized. Thus, the present study aimed the detailed characterization of FL-ADSCs' functionality upon osteogenic induction through a classic (dexamethasone-based-DEX) or an innovative strategy with retinoic acid (RA) in a comparative approach with ADSCs from a control visceral region. Cultures were characterized for cell proliferation, metabolic activity, cellular morphology, fluorescent cytoskeletal and mitochondrial organization, and osteogenic activity-gene expression analysis and cytochemical staining. FL-derived populations expressed significantly higher levels of osteogenic genes and cytochemical markers, particularly with DEX induction, as compared to control ADSCs that were more responsive to RA. FL-ADSCs were identified as a potential source for bone regenerative applications, given the heightened osteogenic functionality. Furthermore, data highlighted the importance of the selection of the most adequate osteogenic-inducing program concerning the specificities of the basal cell population.
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Application of mesenchymal stem cells combined with nano-polypeptide hydrogel in tissue engineering blood vessel. Regen Ther 2022; 21:277-281. [PMID: 36092503 PMCID: PMC9440265 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the vascular grafts used in clinic are mainly autologous blood vessels, but they often face the dilemma of no blood vessels available due to limited sources. However, synthetic blood vessels made of polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), which is commonly used in clinic, are prone to thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia, and the long-term patency rate is poor, so its effectiveness is severely limited, which is far from meeting the clinical needs. With the development of nano-materials, stem cells and 3D bio-printing technology, people began to explore the preparation of new endothelialized vascular grafts through this technology. Nano-peptide materials have excellent biocompatibility, can be compounded with different bioactive molecules, and have unique advantages in cultivating stem cells. It has been reported that self-assembled nano-polypeptide hydrogel was successfully constructed, mesenchymal stem cells were correctly isolated and cultured, and their transformation into blood vessels was studied. It was confirmed that the 3D bio-printed nano-polypeptide hydrogel tissue ADMSCs still had strong vascular endothelial differentiation ability. The application of mesenchymal stem cells and nano-polypeptide hydrogel in tissue engineering blood vessels has gradually become a research hotspot, and it is expected to develop a new type of transplanted blood vessel that meets the physiological functions of human body in terms of vascular endothelialization, cell compatibility and histocompatibility, so as to realize the customized and personalized printing of the endothelialized transplanted blood vessel according to the shape of the target blood vessel, which has attractive prospects and far-reaching social and economic benefits.
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Effect of ovarian growth factors on ultra-structural maturation in frozen human immature oocytes after in vitro maturation: a comparative study. Reprod Health 2022; 19:215. [PMID: 36457030 PMCID: PMC9714011 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-022-01521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In artificial reproductive technique (ART), nearly 20% of human oocytes are immature in the germinal vesicle (GV) phase. Consequently, the best method for reserving them is cryopreserving GV oocytes, and in vitro maturation (IVM) is recommended. The aim of this study was to determine the ultrastructure characteristics of fresh and vitrified immature human oocytes after in vitro maturation in conditioned mediums. METHODS This study was a comparative laboratory study carried out in 2018 at Afzalipur Infertility Center in Kerman. 170 fresh and 198 vitrified GV oocytes were cultured within three IVM mediums; α-mem as control medium, α-mem supplemented with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and α-mem supplemented with ovarian growth factors (O.F). After 48 h, the maturation rate and morphological feature of IVM oocytes [132 fresh IVM (fIVM) and 134 vitrified IVM (vIVM)] were evaluated. For the ultrastructure study, 10 IVM oocytes from each medium were compared with 10 fresh in vivo oocytes cancelled from ART. RESULTS The survival rate of vitrified GV oocyte after thawing was 88.88%. The oocyte maturation rate was reduced in vIVM compared to the fIVM group (76.33% vs. 77.95%); the highest oocyte maturation rate in the O.F fIVM and lowest in α-mem vIVM (82.35% vs. 71.42%). The lowest number of cortical granules was observed in α-mem vIVM, but the greatest presence of M-SER aggregates was in O.F fIVM. In vIVM oocytes, the oolemma contained irregular little microvillus organization. CONCLUSIONS The O.F mediums have shown the highest maturation which defends the oocyte ultra-structural conservation.
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Zia S, Roda B, Zannini C, Alviano F, Bonsi L, Govoni M, Vivarelli L, Fazio N, Dallari D, Reschiglian P, Zattoni A. Quality Control Platform for the Standardization of a Regenerative Medicine Product. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9040142. [PMID: 35447702 PMCID: PMC9026409 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9040142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an attractive source of stem cells due to its wide availability. They contribute to the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), which is composed of pre-adipocytes, tissue-progenitors, and pericytes, among others. Because its direct use in medical applications is increasing worldwide, new quality control systems are required. We investigated the ability of the Non-Equilibrium Earth Gravity Assisted Dynamic Fractionation (NEEGA-DF) method to analyze and separate cells based solely on their physical characteristics, resulting in a fingerprint of the biological sample. Adipose tissue was enzymatically digested, and the SVF was analyzed by NEEGA-DF. Based on the fractogram (the UV signal of eluting cells versus time of analysis) the collection time was set to sort alive cells. The collected cells (F-SVF) were analyzed for their phenotype, immunomodulation ability, and differentiation potential. The SVF profile showed reproducibility, and the alive cells were collected. The F-SVF showed intact adhesion phenotype, proliferation, and differentiation potential. The methodology allowed enrichment of the mesenchymal component with a higher expression of mesenchymal markers and depletion of debris, RBCs, and an extracellular matrix still present in the digestive product. Moreover, cells eluting in the last minutes showed higher circularity and lower area, proving the principles of enrichment of a more homogenous cell population with better characteristics. We proved the NEEGA-DF method is a “gentle” cell sorter that purifies primary cells obtained by enzymatic digestion and does not alter any stem cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Zia
- Stem Sel srl, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (B.R.); (P.R.); (A.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Roda
- Stem Sel srl, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (B.R.); (P.R.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Zannini
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.Z.); (F.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Francesco Alviano
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.Z.); (F.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Laura Bonsi
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.Z.); (F.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Marco Govoni
- Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques—Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (L.V.); (D.D.)
| | - Leonardo Vivarelli
- Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques—Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (L.V.); (D.D.)
| | - Nicola Fazio
- Technology Transfer Office, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Dante Dallari
- Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques—Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (L.V.); (D.D.)
| | - Pierluigi Reschiglian
- Stem Sel srl, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (B.R.); (P.R.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Stem Sel srl, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (B.R.); (P.R.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Nesari F, Gholami M, Rezaian J, Pirnia A, Anbari K, Beigi Boroujeni M, Beigi Boroujeni M. Effects of zinc on expression of apoptosis-related genes in freezing thawing damage of adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:640-647. [PMID: 34694192 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1983830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to investigate the effects of zinc supplementation on freezing thawing damage in adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) of mice through studying cellular viability and gene expression profile of apoptosis. Slow freezing method was conducted and the samples were treated with zinc doses 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 µM. Viability was increased in groups of 2.5, 10 and 25 µM zinc in comparison to the control group. Gene expression study showed that in the group of 2.5 µM zinc, Fas, Bax and Caspase3 had down regulation. Up regulation of Bcl2 was observed in the groups of 10 and 25 µM zinc. P53 did not have a protecting regulation in the groups of study. The present study showed that doses 2.5-25 µM of zinc had a rather safe toxicity, increased cellular viability, and ameliorated expression of apoptosis-related genes in both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nesari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Gholami
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaian
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Afshin Pirnia
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Khatereh Anbari
- Department of Community Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Masoud Beigi Boroujeni
- Department of Biochemistry, Payame Noor University, Faculty of Tehran, Branch of Tehran-Shargh, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Beigi Boroujeni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Zhou G, Tian A, Yi X, Fan L, Shao W, Wu H, Sun N. Study on a 3D-Bioprinted Tissue Model of Self-Assembled Nanopeptide Hydrogels Combined With Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:663120. [PMID: 34414170 PMCID: PMC8369258 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.663120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to observe the cell growth status and multidirectional differentiation ability in a 3D-bioprinted tissue model of self-assembled nanopeptides and human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs). Methods: Primary Ad-MSCs were isolated, cultured, and identified by flow cytometry. Tissue models were printed via 3D bioprinting technology using a “biological ink” consisting of a mixed solution of self-assembled nanopeptides and Ad-MSCs. Ad-MSCs were induced into osteogenic, adipogenic, and endothelial differentiation and compared with the control groups by staining. Results: The nanopeptide fiber was 10–30 nm in diameter and 200–500 nm in length under the atomic-force microscope. It had the characteristics of nano-scale materials. Flow cytometry showed that the isolated and cultured cells were positive for CD29 (98.51%), CD90 (97.87%), and CD166 (98.32%) but did not express CD31 (1.58%), CD34 (2.42%), CD45 (2.95%), or human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR (0.53%), consistent with the immunophenotype of Ad-MSCs. Then, a tissue model was printed using the biological ink, followed by induction of differentiation of Ad-MSCs within the tissue model. Alizarin red S staining showed the formation of calcium nodules in the osteogenesis induction experimental group, and oil red O stained lipid droplets in Ad-MSCs in the adipogenesis induction experimental group, whereas the two control groups were not stained. Conclusion: Ad-MSCs from primary cultures have the characteristics of stem cells. Self-assembled nanopeptide hydrogel is a good tissue engineering material that can serve as an extracellular matrix. Ad-MSCs in the 3D-printed tissue model using a biological ink consisting of a mixed solution of self-assembled nanopeptides and Ad-MSCs grew well and still had strong differentiation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanzhou Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of General Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Ailing Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lufeng Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenchong Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nianfeng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Di Bella S, Cannella V, Mira F, Di Marco P, Lastra A, Gucciardi F, Purpari G, Guercio A. The Effect of a 7 Year-Long Cryopreservation on Stemness Features of Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (cAD-MSC). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061755. [PMID: 34208255 PMCID: PMC8230844 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used in therapy in animal models and veterinary medicine, due to their capacity of inducing tissue regeneration and immunomodulation. Their clinical application requires a ready off-the-shelf amount of viable therapeutics doses. For this purpose, it is useful to cryopreserve MSCs to gain a ready and controlled source of abundant autologous stem cells. We evaluated the effect of 7 years cryopreservation using 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with different fetal bovine serum (FBS) concentrations (from 10 to 90%) on different passages of MSCs isolated from canine adipose tissue (cAD-MSCs). The study aimed to evaluate the most adequate cell passage and FBS percentage for the long-term cryopreservation of cells by maintaining the stemness features. Phenotype morphology, cell viability, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potentials, proliferative potential and expression of pluripotency markers were analyzed in thawed cells and compared with fresh ones. We demonstrated that cells cryopreserved with at least 80% FBS maintain unaltered the stemness characteristics of the freshly isolated cells. In particular, cells of P0-P1 passages have to be expanded in vitro and subsequently cryopreserved and cells of P2-P4 passages should be considered in the studies on therapeutic application and in vitro study of cAD-MSCs.
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11
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Kamenaga T, Kuroda Y, Nagai K, Tsubosaka M, Takashima Y, Kikuchi K, Fujita M, Ikuta K, Anjiki K, Maeda T, Nakano N, Takayama K, Hashimoto S, Hayashi S, Matsushita T, Niikura T, Kuroda R, Matsumoto T. Cryopreserved human adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction maintains fracture healing potential via angiogenesis and osteogenesis in an immunodeficient rat model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:110. [PMID: 33541427 PMCID: PMC7863470 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel therapeutic strategies for the healing of nonunion, which has serious effects on the quality of life of patients, are needed. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of local transplantation of human stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells on fracture healing in a rat non-healing fracture model and compared the effects between freshly isolated (F) and cryopreserved (C)-SVFs. Methods Non-healing fracture model was induced in the femur of female immunodeficient rats (F344/N Jcl rnu/rnu) with cauterizing periosteum. Immediately after the creation of non-healing fracture, rats received local transplantation of F and C-SVFs suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or the same volume of PBS without cells using the same scaffold as a control group. During 8 weeks post-surgery, radiologic, histological, immunohistochemical, and biomechanical analyses were performed to evaluate fracture healing. The comparison of radiological results was performed with a chi-square test, and the multiple comparisons of immunohistochemical, histological, and biomechanical results among groups were made using a one-way analysis of variance. A probability value of 0.05 was considered to denote statistical significance. Results At week 8, in 60% of animals receiving F-SVF cells and in 50% of animals receiving C-SVF cells, the fracture radiologically healed with bone union whereas nonunion was observed in the control group. The healing potential was also confirmed by histological and biomechanical assessments. One of the mechanisms underlying healing involving intrinsic angiogenesis/osteogenesis was enhanced in F- and C-SVF groups compared with that in the control group. Human cell-derived vasculogenesis/osteogenesis, which was also confirmed in an in vitro differentiation assay, was also enhanced in the F- and C-SVF groups compared with that in the control groups and could be another mechanism for healing. Conclusions SVF cells can enhance bone healing and cryopreserved cells have almost equal potential as fresh cells. SVF cells can be used for improving nonunion bone fracture healing as an alternative to other mesenchymal stem cells and the effect of SVF cells can be maintained under cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kamenaga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-chou, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-chou, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kanto Nagai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-chou, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masanori Tsubosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-chou, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-chou, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kikuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-chou, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-chou, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kemmei Ikuta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-chou, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kensuke Anjiki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-chou, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Maeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-chou, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-chou, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koji Takayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-chou, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shingo Hashimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-chou, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-chou, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takehiko Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-chou, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takahiro Niikura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-chou, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-chou, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-chou, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan.
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12
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Mazini L, Ezzoubi M, Malka G. Overview of current adipose-derived stem cell (ADSCs) processing involved in therapeutic advancements: flow chart and regulation updates before and after COVID-19. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:1. [PMID: 33397467 PMCID: PMC7781178 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have raised big interest in therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine and appear to fulfill the criteria for a successful cell therapy. Their low immunogenicity and their ability to self-renew, to differentiate into different tissue-specific progenitors, to migrate into damaged sites, and to act through autocrine and paracrine pathways have been altogether testified as the main mechanisms whereby cell repair and regeneration occur. The absence of standardization protocols in cell management within laboratories or facilities added to the new technologies improved at patient's bedside and the discrepancies in cell outcomes and engraftment increase the limitations on their widespread use by balancing their real benefit versus the patient safety and security. Also, comparisons across pooled patients are particularly difficult in the fact that multiple medical devices are used and there is absence of harmonized assessment assays despite meeting regulations agencies and efficient GMP protocols. Moreover, the emergence of the COVID-19 breakdown added to the complexity of implementing standardization. Cell- and tissue-based therapies are completely dependent on the biological manifestations and parameters associated to and induced by this virus where the scope is still unknown. The initial flow chart identified for stem cell therapies should be reformulated and updated to overcome patient infection and avoid significant variability, thus enabling more patient safety and therapeutic efficiency. The aim of this work is to highlight the major guidelines and differences in ADSC processing meeting the current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) and the cellular therapy-related policies. Specific insights on standardization of ADSCs proceeding at different check points are also presented as a setup for the cord blood and bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Mazini
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Régénération Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Center of Biological and Medical Sciences CIAM, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ezzoubi
- Centre des Brûlés et chirurgie réparatrice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd Casablanca, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Gabriel Malka
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Régénération Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Center of Biological and Medical Sciences CIAM, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco
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Tsubosaka M, Matsumoto T, Sobajima S, Matsushita T, Iwaguro H, Kuroda R. Comparison of Clinical and Imaging Outcomes of Different Doses of Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cell Treatment for Knee Osteoarthritis. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211067454. [PMID: 35392685 PMCID: PMC9003644 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211067454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Favorable clinical outcomes of intra-articular injection of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells for knee osteoarthritis (OA) have been reported, but the effects of different doses of SVF cells have not been examined. This study aimed to compare the short-term clinical and imaging outcomes of different doses of SVF cells for knee OA treatment. This study included 60 patients with knee OA who underwent intra-articular injection of SVF cells. The follow-up period was at least 12 months. Thirty patients received an intra-articular injection of 2.5×107 SVF cells (low-dose group), and the remaining 30 patients received an intra-articular injection of 5.0×107 SVF cells (high-dose group). Clinical evaluations were performed for the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Imaging evaluations, including the magnetic resonance imaging Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS) features (bone marrow lesions, cartilage defects, osteophytes, Hoffa's synovitis, and effusion synovitis), were also performed. All clinical and imaging evaluations were performed preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively and compared between the groups. In demographic data, no significant differences were found between the two groups. The total score of KOOS at 12 months postoperatively was significantly more favorable than the preoperative score in the high-dose groups. Pain and symptoms subscale scores of KOOS at 12 months postoperatively were significantly better in the high-dose group than in the low-dose group. The bone marrow lesions, Hoffa's synovitis, and effusion synovitis improved approximately 30-40% at 12 months postoperatively compared to baseline in both groups. However, there were no significant differences in imaging evaluations between the two groups. In conclusion, the pain and symptoms subscale scores of KOOS from baseline to 12 months postoperatively improved better in the high-dose group than in the low-dose group. Our findings suggest that intra-articular injection of SVF cells for knee OA is an innovative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Tsubosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sobajima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sobajima Clinic, Higashiosaka, Osaka
| | - Takehiko Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideki Iwaguro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sobajima Clinic, Higashiosaka, Osaka
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Development and Validation of a Fully GMP-Compliant Process for Manufacturing Stromal Vascular Fraction: A Cost-Effective Alternative to Automated Methods. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102158. [PMID: 32987708 PMCID: PMC7598595 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic use of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is expanding in multiple pathologies. Various processes have been proposed for manufacturing SVF but they must be revisited based on advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) regulations. We report here the development and validation of a fully good manufacturing practices (GMP)-compliant protocol for the isolation of SVF. Adipose tissue was collected from healthy volunteers undergoing lipoaspiration. The optimal conditions of collagenase digestion and washing were determined based on measurements of SVF cell viability, yield recovery, and cell subset distribution. Comparability of the SVF obtained using the newly developed manufacturing process (n = 6) and the Celution-based automated method (n = 33), used as a reference, was established using inter-donor analyses. Characteristics of SVF (n = 5) generated using both manufacturing protocols were analyzed for an intra-donor comparison. In addition, these comparisons also included the determination of colony-forming unit fibroblast frequency, in vitro angiogenic activity, and in vivo regenerative effects in a mouse ischemic cutaneous wound model. We successfully developed a process for the generation of SVF presenting higher cell viability and yield recovery compared to the Celution device-based protocol. Characteristics of the SVF including phenotype, capacity for angiogenesis, and wound-healing promotion attested to the comparability of the two manufacturing processes. We validated an optimized non-automated process that should allow for a GMP-compliant, more affordable, and reduced-cost strategy to exploit the potential of SVF-based regenerative therapies.
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Dye C. Adipose‐derived autologous mesenchymal stem cell transfusion for the treatment of feline chronic gingivostomatitis in a domestic shorthair cat. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Dye
- Department of Internal MedicinePride Veterinary Centre, Scarsdale Vets LLPDerbyDerbyshireUK
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16
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Rezaei Kahmini F, Shahgaldi S, Moazzeni SM. Mesenchymal stem cells alter the frequency and cytokine profile of natural killer cells in abortion-prone mice. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7214-7223. [PMID: 32037542 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer cells, which play a pivotal role in the establishment and maintenance of normal pregnancy, are the most abundant leukocytes at the fetomaternal interface that their subsets frequencies and cytokine profile are influential factors in the preservation of the decidual tolerogenic microenvironment. Any imbalance in NK cells' frequency and functions could be associated with pregnancy failure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are shown to have immunomodulatory effects on NK cells and their cytokine profile. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of MSCs therapy on the cytokine profiles and subpopulations of NK cells in a murine model of recurrent pregnancy loss. Adipose-derived MSCs were injected intraperitoneally to the abortion-prone mice on Day 4.5 of gestation. The abortion rate was determined after MSCs administration and the frequency and cytokine profiles of the different subsets of NK cells were determined using the flow cytometry. Our results showed that, in abortion-prone mice, the frequency of CD49b+ NK cells was significantly higher than normal pregnant mice that decreased after therapy. We also demonstrated that MSCs downregulated the production of IFN-γ and upregulated IL-4 and IL-10 production by uNK cells. These findings indicate that MSCs can decrease the infiltration of CD49b+ NK cells to the fetomaternal interface and modulate the cytokine profile of NK cells from inflammatory to tolerogenic profile and thereby improve the tolerogenic microenvironment at the fetomaternal interface in benefit of pregnancy maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rezaei Kahmini
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Shahgaldi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Moazzeni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Allogeneic Versus Autologous Injectable Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Knee Osteoarthritis: Review and Current Status. Tech Orthop 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/bto.0000000000000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Differentiation and Anti-inflammatory Potentials of Eucomis autumnalis and Pterocarpus angolensis Extracts Scaffolds in Porcine Adipose–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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19
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Rojewski MT, Lotfi R, Gjerde C, Mustafa K, Veronesi E, Ahmed AB, Wiesneth M, Körper S, Sensebé L, Layrolle P, Hellem S, Schrezenmeier H. Translation of a standardized manufacturing protocol for mesenchymal stromal cells: A systematic comparison of validation and manufacturing data. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:468-482. [PMID: 30926359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many data are available on expansion protocols for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for both experimental settings and manufacturing for clinical trials. However, there is a lack of information on translation of established protocols for Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) from validation to manufacturing for clinical application. We present the validation and translation of a standardized pre-clinical protocol for isolation and expansion of MSCs for a clinical trial for reconstitution of alveolar bone. METHODS Key parameters of 22 large-scale expansions of MSCs from bone marrow (BM) for validation were compared with 11 expansions manufactured for the clinical trial "Jaw bone reconstruction using a combination of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells and biomaterial prior to dental implant placement (MAXILLO1)" aimed at reconstruction of alveolar bone. RESULTS Despite variations of the starting material, the robust protocol led to stable performance characteristics of expanded MSCs. Manufacturing of the autologous advanced therapy medicinal product MAXILLO-1-MSC was possible, requiring 21 days for each product. Transport of BM aspirates and MSCs within 24 h was guaranteed. MSCs fulfilled quality criteria requested by the national competent authority. In one case, the delivered MSCs developed a mosaic in chromosomal finding, showing no abnormality in differentiation capacity, growth behavior or surface marker expression during long-term culture. The proportion of cells with the mosaic decreased in long-term culture and cells stopped growth after 38.4 population doublings. CONCLUSIONS Clinical use of freshly prepared MSCs, manufactured according to a standardized and validated protocol, is feasible for bone regeneration, even if there was a long local distance between manufacturing center and clinical site. Several parameters, such as colony forming units fibroblasts (CFU-F), percentage of CD34+ cells, cell count of mononuclear cells (MNCs) and white blood cells (WBCs), of the BM may serve as a predictive tool for the yield of MSCs and may help to avoid unnecessary costs for MSC manufacturing due to insufficient cell expansion rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Thomas Rojewski
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessia, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ramin Lotfi
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessia, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cecilie Gjerde
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elena Veronesi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Aymen B Ahmed
- Section for Haematology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Markus Wiesneth
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessia, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sixten Körper
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessia, Ulm, Germany
| | - Luc Sensebé
- UMR5273 Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), UPS, Établissement francais du sang (EFS)-INSERM U1031, STROMAlab, Toulouse, France; Établissement francais du sang (EFS) Pyrénées-Méditeranée, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Layrolle
- Inserm U957, Laboratory for Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sølve Hellem
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessia, Ulm, Germany
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20
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Stanco D, Caprara C, Ciardelli G, Mariotta L, Gola M, Minonzio G, Soldati G. Tenogenic differentiation protocol in xenogenic-free media enhances tendon-related marker expression in ASCs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212192. [PMID: 30753235 PMCID: PMC6372228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent and immune-privileged mesenchymal cells, making them ideal candidates for therapeutic purposes to manage tendon disorders. Providing safe and regulated cell therapy products to patients requires adherence to good manufacturing practices. To this aim we investigated the in vitro tenogenic differentiation potential of ASCs using a chemically defined serum-free medium (SF) or a xenogenic-free human pooled platelet lysate medium (hPL) suitable for cell therapy and both supplemented with CTGF, TGFβ-3, BMP-12 and ascorbic acid (AA) soluble factors. Human ASCs were isolated from 4 healthy donors and they were inducted to differentiate until 14 days in both hPL and SF tenogenic media (hPL-TENO and SF-TENO). Cell viability and immunophenotype profile were analysed to evaluate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) characteristics in both xenogenic-free media. Moreover, the expression of stemness and tendon-related markers upon cell differentiation by RT-PCR, protein staining and cytofluorimetric analysis were also performed. Our results showed the two xenogenic-free media well support cell viability of ASCs and maintain their MSC nature as demonstrated by their typical immunophenototype profile and by the expression of NANOG, OCT4 and Ki67 genes. Moreover, both hPL-TENO and SF-TENO expressed significant high levels of the tendon-related genes SCX, COL1A1, COL3A1, COMP, MMP3 and MMP13 already at early time points in comparison to the respective controls. Significant up-regulations in scleraxis, collagen and tenomodulin proteins were also demonstrated at in both differentiated SF and hPL ASCs. In conclusion, we demonstrated firstly the feasibility of both serum and xenogenic-free media tested to culture ASCs moving forward the GMP-compliant approaches for clinical scale expansion of human MSCs needed for therapeutical application of stem cells. Moreover, a combination of CTGF, BMP-12, TGFβ3 and AA factors strongly and rapidly induce human ASCs to differentiate into tenocyte-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Stanco
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, Gentilino, Switzerland
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Gola
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, Gentilino, Switzerland
| | | | - Gianni Soldati
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, Gentilino, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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21
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Rezaei F, Moazzeni SM. Comparison of The Therapeutic Effect of Syngeneic, Allogeneic, and Xenogeneic Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Abortion Rates in A Mouse Model. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 21:92-98. [PMID: 30507094 PMCID: PMC6275426 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.5954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), due to their immunomodulatory functions, are an ideal candidate
for the treatment of immune-related diseases. Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is one of the most common
complications of pregnancy which in many cases is related to the immune system disorders. Our previous study has
shown that the abortion rate was decreased following the syngeneic MSCs therapy in abortion-prone mice. In this
study, the therapeutic effect of syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic MSCs was compared in a mouse model of RSA.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue (ASCs) of CBA/J and
BALB/c mice and human. After characterization, ASCs were injected (IP) at day 4 of gestation to female CBA/J mice
following their mating with DBA/2 male mice. In the control group, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was injected and
CBA/J×BALB/c mating was also used as the normal pregnancy control. On day 14.5 of pregnancy, embryo resorption
rate was determined.
Results The abortion rate significantly decreased following the ASCs therapy from syngeneic (6.31%), allogeneic
(6.54%), and xenogeneic group (12.36%) compared to ASCs non-treated group (34.4%). There was no statistical
difference between ASCs treated groups, however syngeneic and allogeneic ASCs reduced the abortion rate more
efficiently than xenogeneic ASC.
Conclusion The abortion rate was significantly decreased following the intraperitoneal administration of ASCs from
various donated sources in abortion-prone mice. These results indicated that the immunogenicity of allogeneic and
xenogeneic ASCs is not a contradictory problem for their therapeutic effects on RSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Moazzeni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
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Vakhshori V, Bougioukli S, Sugiyama O, Tang A, Yoho R, Lieberman JR. Cryopreservation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Use in Ex Vivo Regional Gene Therapy for Bone Repair. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2018; 29:269-277. [PMID: 30280937 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2018.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an ex vivo regional gene therapy clinical pathway using adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) may require cryopreservation for cell culture, storage, and transport prior to clinical use. ASCs isolated from five donors were transduced with a lentiviral vector containing BMP-2. Three groups were assessed: transduction without cell freezing (group 1), freezing of cells for 3 weeks followed by transduction (group 2), and cell transduction prior to freezing (group 3). Nontransduced cells were used as a control. The cluster of differentiation (CD) marker profiles, cell number, BMP-2 production, and osteogenic potential were measured. The CD marker profile (CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105) was unchanged after cryopreservation. Cell number was equivalent among cryopreservation protocols in transduced and nontransduced cells. There was a trend toward decreased BMP-2 production in group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2. Osteogenic potential based on Alizarin red concentration was higher in group 2 compared to group 3, with no difference compared to group 1. Freezing ASCs prior to transduction with a lentiviral vector containing BMP-2 has no detrimental effect on cell number, BMP-2 production, osteogenic potential, or immunophenotype. Transduction prior to freezing, however, may limit the BMP-2 production and potential osteogenic differentiation of the ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venus Vakhshori
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Visalia, California
| | - Sofia Bougioukli
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Visalia, California
| | - Osamu Sugiyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Visalia, California
| | - Amy Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Visalia, California
| | - Robert Yoho
- Cosmetic surgery private practice, Visalia, California
| | - Jay R Lieberman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Visalia, California
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Zhang X, Simmons CA, Santerre JP. Alterations of MEK1/2-ERK1/2, IFNγ and Smad2/3 associated Signalling pathways during cryopreservation of ASCs affect their differentiation towards VSMC-like cells. Stem Cell Res 2018; 32:115-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Shaik S, Wu X, Gimble J, Devireddy R. Effects of Decade Long Freezing Storage on Adipose Derived Stem Cells Functionality. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8162. [PMID: 29802353 PMCID: PMC5970158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade and half, the optimization of cryopreservation for adipose tissue derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) especially in determining the optimal combination of cryoprotectant type, cooling rate, and thawing rate have been extensively studied. In this study, we examined the functionality of ASCs that have been frozen-stored for more than 10 years denoted as long-term freezing, frozen within the last 3 to 7 years denoted as short-term freezing and compared their response with fresh ASCs. The mean post-thaw viability for long-term frozen group was 78% whereas for short-term frozen group 79% with no significant differences between the two groups. The flow cytometry evaluation of stromal surface markers, CD29, CD90, CD105, CD44, and CD73 indicated the expression (above 95%) in passages P1-P4 in all of the frozen-thawed ASC groups and fresh ASCs whereas the hematopoietic markers CD31, CD34, CD45, and CD146 were expressed extremely low (below 2%) within both the frozen-thawed and fresh cell groups. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis revealed some differences between the osteogenic gene expression of long-term frozen group in comparison to fresh ASCs. Intriguingly, one group of cells from the short-term frozen group exhibited remarkably higher expression of osteogenic genes in comparison to fresh ASCs. The adipogenic differentiation potential remained virtually unchanged between all of the frozen-thawed groups and the fresh ASCs. Long-term cryopreservation of ASCs, in general, has a somewhat negative impact on the osteogenic potential of ASCs, especially as it relates to the decrease in osteopontin gene expression but not significantly so with respect to RUNX2 and osteonectin gene expressions. However, the adipogenic potential, post thaw viability, and immunophenotype characteristics remain relatively intact between all the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahensha Shaik
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Xiying Wu
- La Cell LLC, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gimble
- La Cell LLC, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine and Departments of Medicine, Structural & Cellular Biology, and Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ram Devireddy
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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25
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Agostini F, Rossi FM, Aldinucci D, Battiston M, Lombardi E, Zanolin S, Massarut S, Parodi PC, Da Ponte A, Tessitori G, Pivetta B, Durante C, Mazzucato M. Improved GMP compliant approach to manipulate lipoaspirates, to cryopreserve stromal vascular fraction, and to expand adipose stem cells in xeno-free media. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:130. [PMID: 29751821 PMCID: PMC5948766 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) derived from adipose tissue contains adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC) and can be used for regenerative applications. Thus, a validated protocol for SVF isolation, freezing, and thawing is required to manage product administration. To comply with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), fetal bovine serum (FBS), used to expand ASC in vitro, could be replaced by growth factors from platelet concentrates. Methods Throughout each protocol, GMP-compliant reagents and devices were used. SVF cells were isolated from lipoaspirates by a standardized enzymatic protocol. Cells were cryopreserved in solutions containing different albumin or serum and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) concentrations. Before and after cryopreservation, we analyzed: cell viability (by Trypan blue); immunophenotype (by flow cytometry); colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) formation; and differentiation potential. ASC, seeded at different densities, were expanded in presence of 10% FBS or 5% supernatant rich in growth factors (SRGF) from platelets. The differentiation potential and cell transformation grade were tested in expanded ASC. Results We demonstrated that SVF can be obtained with a consistent yield (about 185 × 103 cells/ml lipoaspirate) and viability (about 82%). Lipoaspirate manipulation after overnight storage at +4 °C reduced cell viability (−11.6%). The relative abundance of ASC (CD34+CD45−CD31–) and endothelial precursors (CD34+CD45−CD31+) in the SVF product was about 59% and 42%, respectively. A period of 2 months cryostorage in autologous serum with added DMSO minimally affected post-thaw SVF cell viability as well as clonogenic and differentiation potentials. Viability was negatively affected when SVF was frozen at a cell concentration below 1.3 × 106 cells/ml. Cell viability was not significantly affected after a freezing period of 1 year. Independent of seeding density, ASC cultured in 5% SRGF exhibited higher growth rates when compared with 10% FBS. ASC expanded in both media showed unaltered identity (by flow cytometry) and were exempt from genetic lesions. Both 5% SRGF- and 10% FBS-expanded ASC efficiently differentiated to adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. Conclusions This paper reports a GMP-compliant approach for freezing SVF cells isolated from adipose tissue by a standardized protocol. Moreover, an ASC expansion method in controlled culture conditions and without involvement of animal-derived additives was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Maria Rossi
- Clinical-Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Donatella Aldinucci
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Monica Battiston
- Stem Cell Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Zanolin
- Stem Cell Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Samuele Massarut
- Breast Surgery Unit; CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Pier Camillo Parodi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Tessitori
- Cytogenetic Unit, AAS 5 Friuli Occidentale, "S. Maria degli Angeli" Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Barbara Pivetta
- Cytogenetic Unit, AAS 5 Friuli Occidentale, "S. Maria degli Angeli" Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Cristina Durante
- Stem Cell Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Mario Mazzucato
- Stem Cell Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy.
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Park S, Lee DR, Nam JS, Ahn CW, Kim H. Fetal bovine serum-free cryopreservation methods for clinical banking of human adipose-derived stem cells. Cryobiology 2018; 81:65-73. [PMID: 29448017 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a cryopreservation supplement is not suitable for the banking of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to the risk of transmission of disease as well as xenogeneic immune reactions in the transplanted host. Here, we investigated if human serum albumin (HSA), human serum (HS), or knockout serum replacement (KSR) can replace FBS for the cryopreservation of MSCs. In addition, we examined the characteristics of MSCs after multiple rounds of cryopreservation. Human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) cryopreserved with three FBS replacements, 9% HSA, 90% HS, or 90% KSR, in combination with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) maintained stem cell properties including growth, immunophenotypes, gene expression patterns, and the potential to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages, similar to ASCs frozen with FBS. Moreover, the immunophenotype, gene expression, and differentiation capabilities of ASCs were not altered by up to four freeze-thaw cycles. However, the performance of three or four freeze-thaw cycles significantly reduced the proliferation ability of ASCs, as indicated by the longer population doubling time and reduced colony-forming unit-fibroblast frequency. Together, our results suggest that HSA, HS, or KSR can replace FBS for the cryopreservation of ASCs, without altering their stemness, and should be processed with no more than two freeze-thaw cycles for clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seah Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Seoul Women's University, 621 Hwarangro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Ryul Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-shi, Gyeongghi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Sun Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul Woo Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Haekwon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Seoul Women's University, 621 Hwarangro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Mesenchymal stem cells from human adipose tissue and bone repair: a literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biori.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Cryopreserved or Fresh Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Only a Matter of Taste or Key to Unleash the Full Clinical Potential of MSC Therapy? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 951:77-98. [PMID: 27837556 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) harbor great therapeutic potential for numerous diseases. From early clinical trials, success and failure analysis, bench-to-bedside and back-to-bench approaches, there has been a great gain in knowledge, still leaving a number of questions to be answered regarding optimal manufacturing and quality of MSCs for clinical application. For treatment of many acute indications, cryobanking may remain a prerequisite, but great uncertainty exists considering the therapeutic value of freshly thawed (thawed) and continuously cultured (fresh) MSCs. The field has seen an explosion of new literature lately, outlining the relevance of the topic. MSCs appear to have compromised immunomodulatory activity directly after thawing for clinical application. This may provide a possible explanation for failure of early clinical trials. It is not clear if and how quickly MSCs recover their full therapeutic activity, and if the "cryo stun effect" is relevant for clinical success. Here, we will share our latest insights into the relevance of these observations for clinical practice that will be discussed in the context of the published literature. We argue that the differences of fresh and thawed MSCs are limited but significant. A key issue in evaluating potency differences is the time point of analysis after thawing. To date, prospective double-blinded randomized clinical studies to evaluate potency of both products are lacking, although recent progress was made with preclinical assessment. We suggest refocusing therapeutic MSC development on potency and safety assays with close resemblance of the clinical reality.
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Schneider S, Unger M, van Griensven M, Balmayor ER. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from liposuction and resected fat are feasible sources for regenerative medicine. Eur J Med Res 2017; 22:17. [PMID: 28526089 PMCID: PMC5438493 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-017-0258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in research and in regenerative medicine has progressed. Bone marrow as a source has drawbacks because of subsequent morbidities. An easily accessible and valuable source is adipose tissue. This type of tissue contains a high number of MSCs, and obtaining higher quantities of tissue is more feasible. Fat tissue can be harvested using different methods such as liposuction and resection. First, a detailed isolation protocol with complete characterization is described. This also includes highlighting problems and pitfalls. Furthermore, some comparisons of these different harvesting methods exist. However, the later characterization of the cells is conducted poorly in most cases. METHODS We performed an in-depth characterization over five passages including an investigation of the effect of freezing and thawing. Characterization was performed using flow cytometry with CD markers, metabolic activity with Alamar Blue, growth potential in between passages, and cytoskeleton staining. RESULTS Our results show that the cells isolated with distinct isolation methods (solid versus liposuction "liquid") have the same MSC potential. However, the percentage of cells positive for the markers CD73, CD90, and CD105 is initially quite low. The cells isolated from the liquid fat tissue grow faster at higher passages, and significantly more cells display MSC markers. CONCLUSION In summary, we show a simple and efficient method to isolate adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from different preparations. Liposuctions and resection can be used, whereas liposuction has more growth potential at higher passages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schneider
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Marina Unger
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Elizabeth R Balmayor
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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Immunomodulatory Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation. J Transplant 2016; 2016:6951693. [PMID: 27822384 PMCID: PMC5086388 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6951693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to summarize contemporary evidence of the in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in promoting vascularized composite allotransplant (VCA) tolerance. An extensive literature review was performed to identify pertinent articles of merit. Prospective preclinical trials in mammal subjects receiving VCA (or skin allograft) with administration of MSCs were reviewed. Prospective clinical trials with intravascular delivery of MSCs in human populations undergoing solid organ transplant were also identified and reviewed. Sixteen preclinical studies are included. Eleven studies compared MSC monotherapy to no therapy; of these, ten reported improved graft survival, which was statistically significantly prolonged in eight. Eight studies analyzed allograft survival with MSC therapy as an adjunct to proven immunosuppressive regimens. In these studies, daily immunosuppression was transiently delivered and then stopped. In all studies, treatment-free graft survival was statistically significantly prolonged in animals that received MSC therapy. MSCs have been safely administered clinically and their use in renal transplant clinical trials provides evidence that they improve allograft transplant tolerance in clinical practice. There is potential for MSC induction therapy to overcome many of the obstacles to widespread VCA in clinical practice. Preclinical studies are needed before MSC-induced VCA tolerance becomes a clinical reality.
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Valadbeygi A, Naji T, Pirnia A, Gholami M. Supplementation freeze-thawed media with selenium protect adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from freeze-thawed induced injury. Cryobiology 2016; 73:135-9. [PMID: 27546222 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful freezed-thaw of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) could be a major step in regenerative medicine as well as in the cloning of animal breeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of selenium on the optimizing of freezed-thaw media in the ADMSCs. ADMSCs were extracted from NMRI mice and purified with positive selection Monoclonal CD105 Antibody (PE) and negative selection Monoclonal CD31 and CD45 Antibody using MACS method as well as differentiation to adipose and bone tissue. ADMSCs were divided into four groups. ADMSCs were freezed-thaw under standard condition with or without the addition of 5 ng/ml selenium to both the cryopreservation and thawing solutions. Frozen cells were thawed after four months and viability and cytotoxicity of the cells were analyzed by the Trypan blue test and MTT assay respectively. RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized and the expression of apoptotic genes (P53, Fas, Bax, Caspase3, and Bcl2) was examined using Real time-PCR Rotor gene 2009. This study compares slow and rapid methods of cryopreservation. After thawing, viability of the cells treated with selenium was higher than the control group in rapid and slow cryopreserved ADMSCs. Also, the percentage of living cells in the slow cooling method was considerably more than with the rapid cooling method. After analysis of the results using Real time-PCR, the Bcl2 gene was shown to be expressed in both the rapid and slow cooling methods. In the rapid cooling group in addition to the BCL-2 gene, p53 was also expressed. It appears that selenium prevented the apoptotic genes from expression due to its anti-apoptotic effects. The slow cooling method is better and more optimized for ADMSCs protecting them from oxidative damage to a greater extent compared to the rapid cooling method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Valadbeygi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahere Naji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Pirnia
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Gholami
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran.
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Yong KW, Wan Safwani WKZ, Xu F, Wan Abas WAB, Choi JR, Pingguan-Murphy B. Cryopreservation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Clinical Applications: Current Methods and Challenges. Biopreserv Biobank 2016; 13:231-9. [PMID: 26280501 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2014.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold many advantages over embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and other somatic cells in clinical applications. MSCs are multipotent cells with strong immunosuppressive properties. They can be harvested from various locations in the human body (e.g., bone marrow and adipose tissues). Cryopreservation represents an efficient method for the preservation and pooling of MSCs, to obtain the cell counts required for clinical applications, such as cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine. Upon cryopreservation, it is important to preserve MSCs functional properties including immunomodulatory properties and multilineage differentiation ability. Further, a biosafety evaluation of cryopreserved MSCs is essential prior to their clinical applications. However, the existing cryopreservation methods for MSCs are associated with notable limitations, leading to a need for new or improved methods to be established for a more efficient application of cryopreserved MSCs in stem cell-based therapies. We review the important parameters for cryopreservation of MSCs and the existing cryopreservation methods for MSCs. Further, we also discuss the challenges to be addressed in order to preserve MSCs effectively for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Wey Yong
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia .,2 Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, P.R. China
| | | | - Feng Xu
- 2 Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, P.R. China .,3 The Key Library of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Wan Abu Bakar Wan Abas
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jane Ru Choi
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia .,2 Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Belinda Pingguan-Murphy
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cryopreservation and Thawing Decrease α4-Integrin Expression. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:2562718. [PMID: 26981129 PMCID: PMC4770156 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2562718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. The effects of cryopreservation on adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells are not clearly documented, as there is a growing body of evidence about the importance of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative therapies. The aim of this study was to analyze human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells phenotypic expression (CD34, CD45, CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD49d), colony forming unit ability, viability, and differentiation potential before and after cryopreservation. Materials and Methods. 12 samples of the adipose tissue were collected from a healthy donor using the liposuction technique. The cell isolation was performed by enzymatic digestion and then the cells were cultured up to passage 2. Before and after cryopreservation the immunophenotype, cellular viability analysis by flow cytometer, colony forming units ability, differentiation potential into adipocytes and osteoblasts as demonstrated by Oil Red O and Alizarin Red staining, respectively. Results. The immunophenotypic markers expression was largely preserved, and their multipotency was maintained. However, after cryopreservation, the cells decreased α4-integrin expression (CD49d), cell viability, and number of colony forming units. Conclusions. These findings suggest that ADMSC transplanted after cryopreservation might compromise the retention of transplanted cells in the host tissue. Therefore, further studies are warranted to standardize protocols related to cryopreservation to attain full benefits of stem cell therapy.
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Johnson P, Beswick EJ, Chao C, Powell DW, Hellmich MR, Pinchuk IV. Isolation of CD 90+ Fibroblast/Myofibroblasts from Human Frozen Gastrointestinal Specimens. J Vis Exp 2016:e53691. [PMID: 26863470 DOI: 10.3791/53691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts/myofibroblasts (MFs) have been gaining increasing attention for their role in pathogenesis and their contributions to both wound healing and promotion of the tumor microenvironment. While there are currently many techniques for the isolation of MFs from gastrointestinal (GI) tissues, this protocol introduces a novel element of isolation of these stromal cells from frozen tissue. Freezing GI tissue specimens not only allows the researcher to acquire samples from worldwide collaborators, biobanks, and commercial vendors, it also permits the delayed processing of fresh samples. The described protocol will consistently yield characteristic spindle-shaped cells with the MF phenotype that express the markers CD90, α-SMA and vimentin. As these cells are derived from patient samples, the use of primary cells also confers the benefit of closely mimicking MFs from disease states-namely cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases. This technique has been validated in gastric, small bowel, and colonic MF primary culture generation. Primary MF cultures can be used in a vast array of experiments over a number of passage and their purity assessed by both immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen J Beswick
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico
| | - Celia Chao
- Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch
| | - Don W Powell
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch
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Effects of induced pluripotent stem cells-derived conditioned medium on the proliferation and anti-apoptosis of human adipose-derived stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 413:69-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Vangsness CT, Sternberg H, Harris L. Umbilical Cord Tissue Offers the Greatest Number of Harvestable Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Research and Clinical Application: A Literature Review of Different Harvest Sites. Arthroscopy 2015; 31:1836-43. [PMID: 26354202 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent years have seen dramatic increases in the techniques used to harvest and isolate human mesenchymal stem cells. As the potential therapeutic aspects of these cells further develop, informative data on the differences in yields between tissue harvest sites and methods will become increasingly valuable. We collected and compared data on cell yields from multiple tissue harvest sites to provide insight into the varying levels of mesenchymal stem cells by tissue and offer primary and alternative tissue types for harvest and clinical application. METHODS The PubMed and Medline databases were searched for articles relating to the harvest, isolation, and quantification of human mesenchymal stem cells. Selected articles were analyzed for relevant data, which were categorized according to tissue site and, if possible, standardized to facilitate comparison between sites. RESULTS Human mesenchymal stem cell levels in tissue varied widely according to tissue site and harvest method. Yields for adipose tissue ranged from 4,737 cells/mL of tissue to 1,550,000 cells/mL of tissue. Yields for bone marrow ranged from 1 to 30 cells/mL to 317,400 cells/mL. Yields for umbilical cord tissue ranged from 10,000 cells/mL to 4,700,000 cells/cm of umbilical cord. Secondary tissue harvest sites such as placental tissue and synovium yielded results ranging from 1,000 cells/mL to 30,000 cells/mL. CONCLUSIONS Variations in allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell harvest levels from human tissues reflect the evolving nature of the field, patient demographic characteristics, and differences in harvest and isolation techniques. At present, Wharton's jelly tissue yields the highest concentration of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells whereas adipose tissue yields the highest levels of autologous mesenchymal stem cells per milliliter of tissue. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This comparison of stem cell levels from the literature offers a primer and guide for harvesting mesenchymal stem cells. Larger mesenchymal stem cell yields are more desirable for research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thomas Vangsness
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A..
| | | | - Liam Harris
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
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Miyagi-Shiohira C, Kurima K, Kobayashi N, Saitoh I, Watanabe M, Noguchi Y, Matsushita M, Noguchi H. Cryopreservation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. CELL MEDICINE 2015; 8:3-7. [PMID: 26858903 DOI: 10.3727/215517915x689100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to differentiate into cells of mesodermal origin such as osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, and chondrocytes. They possess an immunosuppressive effect, which makes them a viable cell population for the cell-based therapy of treatment-resistant immune diseases. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have been demonstrated to have the ability to acquire the properties of subcutaneous adipose tissue particularly easily, and cryopreservation is currently performed as a routine method for preserving ASCs to safely acquire large numbers of cells. However, many studies have reported that cellular activity after freezing and thawing may be affected by the solutions used for cryopreservation. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is commonly used as a cryopreservation medium as it diffuses into the cell through the plasma membrane and protects the cells from the damage caused by freezing. As substitutes for DMSO or animal-derived serum, cell banker series, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), sericin and maltose, and methyl cellulose (MC) have been investigated for their clinical applications. It is critical to develop a reliable cell cryopreservation protocol for regenerative medicine using MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Miyagi-Shiohira
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kurima
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
| | | | - Issei Saitoh
- ‡ Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Masami Watanabe
- § Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Yasufumi Noguchi
- ¶ Department of Socio-environmental Design, Hiroshima International University , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- # Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
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Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from various tissues: Biological, clinical and cryopreservation aspects. Cryobiology 2015; 71:181-97. [PMID: 26186998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Originally isolated from bone marrow, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have since been obtained from various fetal and post-natal tissues and are the focus of an increasing number of clinical trials. Because of their tremendous potential for cellular therapy, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, it is desirable to cryopreserve and bank MSCs to increase their access and availability. A remarkable amount of research and resources have been expended towards optimizing the protocols, freezing media composition, cooling devices and storage containers, as well as developing good manufacturing practices in order to ensure that MSCs retain their therapeutic characteristics following cryopreservation and that they are safe for clinical use. Here, we first present an overview of the identification of MSCs, their tissue sources and the properties that render them suitable as a cellular therapeutic. Next, we discuss the responses of cells during freezing and focus on the traditional and novel approaches used to cryopreserve MSCs. We conclude that viable MSCs from diverse tissues can be recovered after cryopreservation using a variety of freezing protocols, cryoprotectants, storage periods and temperatures. However, alterations in certain functions of MSCs following cryopreservation warrant future investigations on the recovery of cells post-thaw followed by expansion of functional cells in order to achieve their full therapeutic potential.
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Guo X, Li S, Ji Q, Lian R, Chen J. Enhanced viability and neural differential potential in poor post-thaw hADSCs by agarose multi-well dishes and spheroid culture. Hum Cell 2015; 28:175-89. [PMID: 26054839 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-015-0116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are potential adult stem cells source for cell therapy. But hADSCs with multi-passage or cryopreservation often revealed poor growth performance. The aim of our work was to improve the activity of poor post-thaw hADSCs by simple and effective means. We describe here a simple method based on commercially available silicone micro-wells for creating hADSCs spheroids to improve viability and neural differentiation potential on poor post-thaw hADSCs. The isolated hADSCs positively expresse d CD29, CD44, CD105, and negatively expressed CD34, CD45, HLA-DR by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, they had adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacity. The post-thaw and post-spheroid hADSCs from poor growth status hADSCs showed a marked increase in cell proliferation by CKK-8 analysis, cell cycle analysis and Ki67/P27 quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. They also displayed an increase viability of anti-apoptosis by annexin v and propidium iodide assays and mitochondrial membrane potential assays. After 3 days of neural induction, the neural differentiation potential of post-thaw and post-spheroid hADSCs could be enhanced by qPCR analysis and western blotting analysis. These results suggested that the spheroid formation could improve the viability and neural differentiation potential of bad growth status hADSCs, which is conducive to ADSCs research and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Guo
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanyi Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingshan Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruiling Lian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. .,Eye Institute, Medical College of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Successful isolation of viable adipose-derived stem cells from human adipose tissue subject to long-term cryopreservation: positive implications for adult stem cell-based therapeutics in patients of advanced age. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:146421. [PMID: 25945096 PMCID: PMC4402176 DOI: 10.1155/2015/146421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined cell isolation, viability, and growth in adipose-derived stem cells harvested from whole adipose tissue subject to different cryopreservation lengths (2–1159 days) from patients of varying ages (26–62 years). Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue was excised during abdominoplasties and was cryopreserved. The viability and number of adipose-derived stem cells isolated were measured after initial isolation and after 9, 18, and 28 days of growth. Data were analyzed with respect to cryopreservation duration and patient age. Significantly more viable cells were initially isolated from tissue cryopreserved <1 year than from tissue cryopreserved >2 years, irrespective of patient age. However, this difference did not persist with continued growth and there were no significant differences in cell viability or growth at subsequent time points with respect to cryopreservation duration or patient age. Mesenchymal stem cell markers were maintained in all cohorts tested throughout the duration of the study. Consequently, longer cryopreservation negatively impacts initial live adipose-derived stem cell isolation; however, this effect is neutralized with continued cell growth. Patient age does not significantly impact stem cell isolation, viability, or growth. Cryopreservation of adipose tissue is an effective long-term banking method for isolation of adipose-derived stem cells in patients of varying ages.
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Wittmann K, Dietl S, Ludwig N, Berberich O, Hoefner C, Storck K, Blunk T, Bauer-Kreisel P. Engineering vascularized adipose tissue using the stromal-vascular fraction and fibrin hydrogels. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1343-53. [PMID: 25602488 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of vascularized and functional adipose tissue substitutes is required to improve soft tissue augmentation. In this study, vascularized adipose tissue constructs were generated using uncultured cells from the stromal-vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue as an alternative cell source to adipose-derived stem cells. SVF cell behavior and tissue formation were compared in a stable fibrin formulation developed by our group and a commercial fibrin sealant (TissuCol; Baxter) upon direct subcutaneous implantation in a nude mouse model. Further, the effect of in vitro adipogenic induction on SVF cell development was investigated by implanting stable fibrin constructs after 1 week of precultivation (adipogenic vs. noninduced control). Constructs were thoroughly analyzed before implantation regarding adipogenic differentiation status, cell viability, and distribution as well as the presence of endothelial cells. Before implantation, in vitro precultivation strongly promoted adipogenesis (under adipogenic conditions) and the formation of CD31(+) prevascular structures by SVF cells (under nonadipogenic conditions). Tissue development in vivo was determined after 4 weeks by histology (hematoxylin and eosin, human vimentin) and quantified histomorphometrically. In stable fibrin gels, adipogenic precultivation was superior to noninduced conditions, resulting in mature adipocytes and the formation of distinct vascular structures of human origin in vivo. Strong neovascularization by the implanted cells predominated in noninduced constructs. Without pretreatment, the SVF in stable fibrin gels displayed only a weak differentiation capability. In contrast, TissuCol gels strongly supported the formation of coherent and well-vascularized adipose tissue of human origin, displaying large unilocular adipocytes. The developed native-like tissue architecture was highlighted by a whole mount staining technique. Taken together, SVF cells from human adipose tissue were shown to successfully lead to adipose tissue formation in fibrin hydrogels in vivo. The results render the SVF a promising cell source for subsequent studies both in vitro and in vivo with the aim of engineering clinically applicable soft tissue substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wittmann
- 1 Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg, Germany
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Van Pham P, Vu NB, Phan NLC, Le DM, Truong NC, Truong NH, Bui KHT, Phan NK. Good manufacturing practice-compliant isolation and culture of human adipose derived stem cells. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2014. [DOI: 10.7603/s40730-014-0021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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