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Liguori G, Costagliola A, Lombardi R, Paciello O, Giordano A. Human-Animal Interaction in Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAI)s: Zoonosis Risks, Benefits, and Future Directions-A One Health Approach. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1592. [PMID: 37238022 PMCID: PMC10215372 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal-assisted interventions (AAI)s represent the expression of integrated medicine, according to the One Health approach. Actually, animal-assisted therapies and animal-assisted activities are implemented in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, etc. The efficacy of AAIs is based on interspecific interactions and would be impacted by different factors, such as the characters of both the animal and the handler, a suitable selection of animal species, an appropriate animal educational protocol, the relationship between the handler and the animal, and mutual relationship among the animal, the patients, and members of the working team. AAIs produce many advantages for the patients but could expose them to zoonotic-pathogens transmission. Therefore, positive animal welfare, as preventative medicine to avoid incidents or transmission of zoonosis, is a relevant aspect with implications for human and animal health and wellbeing. This review aims to summarize the current published knowledge regarding the occurrence of pathogens in AAIs and to discuss their relevance in light of health and safety in AAIs participants. In addition, this review will contribute to defining the state of the art of AAIs through a careful benefits/challenges analysis and offers discussion points on the possible future developments according to the One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Liguori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.); (O.P.)
- Local Health Authority, ASL Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Anna Costagliola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.); (O.P.)
| | | | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.); (O.P.)
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Macauley L, Chur-Hansen A. Human Health Benefits of Non-Conventional Companion Animals: A Narrative Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010028. [PMID: 36611636 PMCID: PMC9817996 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research investigating health benefits from household human-animal bonds has focused mostly on bonds with companion dogs, cats, and horses. Wellbeing benefits associated with other companion animal species such as birds, fish, and reptiles are described and anecdotally reported, but there is little empirical literature supporting this. The literature suggests that health benefits of companion animals are predicated on human perceptions of the animal rather than the animal's species. Therefore, relationships with non-conventional companion animals of diverse species may benefit the health of their human guardians as do dogs, cats, and horses. This narrative review summarizes the current literature exploring perceived health benefits gained from non-conventional companion animals. Searches were conducted for published literature and grey literature up to October 2022 across PsycINFO and PubMed databases, and Newsbank media database for commercial media publications. Nineteen studies and 10 media articles were included in the review. Gaps in the literature include a lack of rigorous research to investigate the health benefits of non-conventional companion animals. Non-conventional companion animals may benefit their guardians by providing social support through acting as attachment figures, facilitating social opportunities and daily routines, fulfilling cognitive needs, and recreating restorative capacities of mindfully observing natural landscapes. Further high-quality research into the human-non-conventional companion animal bond is warranted.
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Animal-assisted activities in the intensive care unit: A scoping review. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2022; 73:103304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2022.103304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Beck AJ, Barber T, McKenzie H, Thorlakson J, Dell C, Keeping-Burke L. Perceptions and experiences of health care professionals and staff with animal-assisted interventions in health care settings: a qualitative systematic review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2022; 20:924-930. [PMID: 35019870 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-21-00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to examine the perceptions and experiences of health care professionals and staff in implementing or coordinating animal-assisted interventions in health care settings. INTRODUCTION Animal-assisted interventions are applied in the areas of health, education, and human services to help improve individuals' health and wellness. The positive effects of animal-assisted interventions on individuals have been shown in multiple health disciplines from pediatrics to long-term care and include outcomes such as decreased feelings of loneliness and increased feelings of support. The increase of animal-assisted interventions in human health initiated growing research on health care professionals' perceptions and experiences of these interventions. No current qualitative systematic reviews have focused solely on health care professionals' and staff's perceptions of animal-assisted interventions. Conducting such a review will advance understanding of how these providers perceive and engage with animal-assisted interventions as well as their influence and role in coordinating these interventions. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review will consider qualitative primary studies that address the perceptions and experiences of health care professionals and staff in implementing or coordinating animal-assisted interventions in health care settings. Studies published from database inception to present and in English will be considered. METHODS Nine bibliographic databases will be systematically searched for published and unpublished studies by employing a three-step search strategy. Two reviewers will independently appraise the studies and extract qualitative data using the standardized JBI critical appraisal and data extraction instruments. Findings from the review will be categorized according to similarity in meaning and categories subjected to a meta-synthesis to produce a single comprehensive set of synthesized findings. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO (CRD42021258909).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Beck
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Department of Sociology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Cameron Science, Technology, and Business Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Nursing and Health Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada The University of New Brunswick (UNB) Saint John Collaboration for Evidence-Informed Healthcare: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Saint John, NB, Canada
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Gaudet LA, Elliott SA, Ali S, Kammerer E, Stauffer B, Felkar B, Scott SD, Dennett L, Hartling L. Pet therapy in the emergency department and ambulatory care: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acad Emerg Med 2021; 29:1008-1023. [PMID: 34817908 DOI: 10.1111/acem.14421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pet therapy, or animal-assisted interventions (AAIs), has demonstrated positive effects for patients, families, and health care providers (HCPs) in inpatient settings. However, the evidence supporting AAIs in emergency or ambulatory care settings is unclear. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of AAIs on patient, family, and HCP experience in these settings. METHODS We searched (from inception to May 2020) Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and CINAHL, plus gray literature, for studies assessing AAIs in emergency and ambulatory care settings on: (1) patient and family anxiety/distress or pain and (2) HCP stress. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were done in duplicate with conflicts adjudicated by a third party. Random-effects meta-analyses are reported as mean differences (MDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), as appropriate. RESULTS We included nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs; 341 patients, 146 HCPs, 122 child caregivers), four before-after (83 patients), and one mixed-method study (124 patients). There was no effect across three RCTs measuring patient-reported anxiety/distress (n = 380; SMD = -0.36, 95% CI = -0.95 to 0.23, I2 = 81%), while two before-after studies suggested a benefit (n = 80; SMD = -1.95, 95% CI = -2.99 to -0.91, I2 = 72%). Four RCTs found no difference in measures of observed anxiety/distress (n = 166; SMD = -0.44, 95% CI = -1.01 to 0.13, I2 = 73%) while one before-after study reported a significant benefit (n = 60; SMD = -1.64, 95% CI = -2.23 to -1.05). Three RCTs found no difference in patient-reported pain (n = 202; MD = -0.90, 95% CI = -2.01 to 0.22, I2 = 68%). Two RCTs reported positive but nonsignificant effects on HCP stress. CONCLUSIONS Limited evidence is available on the effectiveness of AAIs in emergency and ambulatory care settings. Rigorous studies using global experience-oriented (or patient-identified) outcome measures are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A. Gaudet
- Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Sarah A. Elliott
- Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Samina Ali
- Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Women and Children’s Health Research InstituteUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Elise Kammerer
- Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Brandy Stauffer
- Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Bailey Felkar
- Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre London Ontario Canada
| | - Shannon D. Scott
- Faculty of Nursing University of Alberta Edmonton Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Liz Dennett
- Scott Health Sciences Library University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Lisa Hartling
- Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
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Stensland ML, McGeary DD. Use of animal-assisted interventions in relieving pain in healthcare settings: A systematic review. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 46:101519. [PMID: 34894530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Therapeutic interaction with animals for patients coping with physical and mental health conditions is a growing interest among healthcare providers and researchers. We aimed to comprehensively summarize and evaluate the current state of evidence examining the use of animal-assisted interventions [AAI] for pain relief in healthcare settings. DESIGN Systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement. METHODS Two researchers independently assessed publications dated before February 5, 2021 in OVID Medline, CINAHL, and PsychINFO databases, and used the Delphi list to evaluate the quality of the evidence. RESULTS Of the 109 studies screened, a total of 24 studies totaling 1,950 participants were ultimately included. Studies varied in design, including single group trials (8), controlled trials with at least two groups (6), and randomized controlled trials (10). The most common form of pain measurement was the visual or numeric rating scale. For the 18 studies that reported data on changes in pain severity from pre-to-post-test, 13 reported a significant reduction; using the converted common metric we created, these reductions ranged from 0.20 to 3.33 points on a 10-point numeric rating scale. CONCLUSIONS AAI may be considered a promising approach in need of further, more rigorous research. Available evidence supporting AAI remains weak due to issues of study quality and design, thereby impeding our ability to draw reliable conclusions on the utility of AAI in relieving pain. Given the rapidly increasing availability of these interventions in hospitals, it is important to better understand its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith L Stensland
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 7526 Louis Pasteur Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229, Bexar County, USA.
| | - Don D McGeary
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, San Antonio, TX, Bexar County, USA.
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Parbery-Clark C, Lubamba M, Tanner L, McColl E. Animal-Assisted Interventions for the Improvement of Mental Health Outcomes in Higher Education Students: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10768. [PMID: 34682513 PMCID: PMC8535789 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAIs), particularly Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) and Animal-Assisted Activity (AAA), in improving mental health outcomes for students in higher education. The number of students in higher education reporting mental health problems and seeking support from universities' student support services has risen over recent years. Therefore, providing engaging interventions, such as AAIs, that are accessible to large groups of students are attractive. METHODS MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched from relative inception to end of April 2020. Additionally, a grey literature search was undertaken. Independent screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were completed, with varying percentages, by two reviewers. RESULTS After de-duplication, 6248 articles were identified of which 11 studies were included in the narrative synthesis. The evidence from randomised controlled trials suggests that AAIs could provide short-term beneficial results for anxiety in students attending higher education but with limited evidence for stress, and inconclusive evidence for depression, well-being and mood. For the non-statistically significant results, the studies either did not include a power calculation or were under-powered. CONCLUSIONS Potential emerging evidence for the short-term benefits of AAI for anxiety, and possibly stress, for students in higher education was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Parbery-Clark
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (M.L.); (L.T.); (E.M.)
- Newcastle City Council, Civic Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8QH, UK
| | - Marvellas Lubamba
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (M.L.); (L.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Louise Tanner
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (M.L.); (L.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Elaine McColl
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (M.L.); (L.T.); (E.M.)
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Lavín-Pérez AM, Martín-Sánchez C, Martínez-Núñez B, Lobato-Rincón LL, Villafaina S, González-García I, Mata-Cantero A, Graell M, Merellano-Navarro E, Collado-Mateo D. Effects of Dog-Assisted Therapy in Adolescents with Eating Disorders: A Study Protocol for a Pilot Controlled Trial. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2784. [PMID: 34679805 PMCID: PMC8532616 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders are characterized by a persistent disturbance that alters food intake and it is often accompanied by anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, or reduced functional capacity and quality of life. Animal-assisted therapies (AAT) have shown benefits in these variables in children and adult populations. Thus, the present pilot study will aim to evaluate the effects of a dog-assisted therapy on the eating disorders symptoms, mental, psychosocial, and physical health, quality of life, and handgrip strength of adolescents suffering from eating disorders. METHODS The current pilot study will involve 32 patients, who will be assigned to a control or an experimental group. Intervention will be conducted once a week for seven weeks. Neither the experimental nor the control group will discontinue their usual care. The main outcome measures will be the eating disorder symptoms and the health-related quality of life measured with standardized questionnaires, while the secondary variables will be anxiety, depression, character, behavior, strength, and body mass. CONCLUSIONS This pilot-controlled trial will be the first to evaluate the effects of dog-assisted therapy on the physical and mental health of adolescents with eating disorders. Significant improvements, in the primary and secondary outcomes, may be expected based on the known benefits of AAT on self-esteem, stress, and self-control in different populations. Finally, although the program is focused on the improvement of adolescents' health, animal welfare will be a priority in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Myriam Lavín-Pérez
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.L.-P.); (D.C.-M.)
| | - Cristina Martín-Sánchez
- Animal-Assisted Intervention Office, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (L.L.L.-R.); (I.G.-G.)
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Núñez
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Department, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.-N.); (M.G.)
| | - Luis Lucio Lobato-Rincón
- Animal-Assisted Intervention Office, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (L.L.L.-R.); (I.G.-G.)
- Department of Psychology, King Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, 28943 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santos Villafaina
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Israel González-García
- Animal-Assisted Intervention Office, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (L.L.L.-R.); (I.G.-G.)
| | - Ana Mata-Cantero
- Perroterapia-Animal-Assisted Interventions, Rivas Vaciamadrid, 28943 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Montserrat Graell
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Department, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.-N.); (M.G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28943 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Collado-Mateo
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.L.-P.); (D.C.-M.)
- Animal-Assisted Intervention Office, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (L.L.L.-R.); (I.G.-G.)
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Santaniello A, Cimmino I, Dipineto L, Agognon AL, Beguinot F, Formisano P, Fioretti A, Menna LF, Oriente F. Zoonotic Risk of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Animal-Assisted Interventions: Laboratory Strategies for the Diagnosis of Infections in Humans and Animals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9333. [PMID: 34501921 PMCID: PMC8430659 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of animals for therapeutic purposes has very ancient roots. To date, it is clear that animal-assisted interventions (AAIs), in addition to ensuring the replacement of missing or deficient affects, improves psychophysiological parameters connected to human health. However, AAI could potentially present risks related to the transmission of infectious agents from animals to humans. Among these microorganisms, E. cuniculi is a microspore which induces pathological effects (fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, breathlessness, respiratory symptoms, and weakness) in both humans and animals. Consequently, an accurate and fast diagnosis of E. cuniculi infection, as well as the identification of new diagnostic approaches, is of fundamental importance. This literature review was carried out to provide an extensive and comprehensive analysis of the most recent diagnostic techniques to prevent and care for E. cuniculi-associated risks in the AAI field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Santaniello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy; (L.D.); (A.F.)
| | - Ilaria Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.C.); (A.L.A.); (F.B.); (P.F.); (F.O.)
| | - Ludovico Dipineto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy; (L.D.); (A.F.)
| | - Ayewa Lawoe Agognon
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.C.); (A.L.A.); (F.B.); (P.F.); (F.O.)
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.C.); (A.L.A.); (F.B.); (P.F.); (F.O.)
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.C.); (A.L.A.); (F.B.); (P.F.); (F.O.)
| | - Alessandro Fioretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy; (L.D.); (A.F.)
| | - Lucia Francesca Menna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy; (L.D.); (A.F.)
| | - Francesco Oriente
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.C.); (A.L.A.); (F.B.); (P.F.); (F.O.)
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Feng Y, Lin Y, Zhang N, Jiang X, Zhang L. Effects of Animal-Assisted Therapy on Hospitalized Children and Teenagers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 60:11-23. [PMID: 33582447 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Psychological and symptom disturbances seriously affect hospitalized children's subjective experiences of hospitalization and their prognosis. We systematically reviewed the effects of animal-assisted therapy (AAT) on pain, anxiety, depression, stress, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) in hospitalized children and teenagers. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using the English-language electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials, Science Direct, EBSCOhost, Open Grey and Google Scholar, and the Chinese databases CNKI, Sinomed, Vip, and WanFang. These databases were searched through July 15, 2020. SAMPLE Eight studies, including four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and four quasi-experimental studies were included, with a total of 348 participants. RESULTS Hospitalized children and teenagers with AAT had less pain (standardized mean difference = -0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.77 to -0.22; P < 0.001), lower systolic blood pressure (mean difference [MD] = -4.85; 95% CI, -9.50 to -0.21; P= 0.04), higher diastolic blood pressure (MD = 4.95; 95% CI, 1.90 to 8.00; P = 0.001) than controls, while there was no significant difference in depression, anxiety, stress, or HR. CONCLUSION As an adjuvant to traditional treatment, AAT was beneficial for controlling pain and BP in hospitalized children and teenagers. IMPLICATION AAT may be an effective strategy for relieving pain and controlling BP in hospitalized children and teenagers, especially those with cancer. High-quality RCTs conducted or supported by nurses on the effects of AAT are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeqing Lin
- Research Management Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China.
| | | | | | - Lifeng Zhang
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, China.
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Van Buiten H, Flynn E, Morris KN. Dog training as a complementary intervention to support Veteran mental health and well-being: A scoping review. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 44:101425. [PMID: 34174750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Military veterans in the United States face a number of complex issues and barriers to successful civilian reintegration. Dog training programs offered to these individuals are being used as a complementary intervention to support multiple aspects of veteran reintegration. This scoping review explored the existing literature on dog training programs as a support for veteran mental health and well-being. METHODS A scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to analyze the existing research on this topic. RESULTS Five overarching themes were identified, including improvements to mental health, social benefits, a developed sense of purpose, differing impacts of training methods, and potential negative outcomes associated with stressful demands of training. CONCLUSION The results of this review suggested dog training programs have potentially positive effects on veteran mental health but also revealed a few potential negative impacts and the need for further research on this animal-assisted intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Van Buiten
- Institute for Human-Animal Connection, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, USA.
| | - Erin Flynn
- Institute for Human-Animal Connection, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, USA.
| | - Kevin N Morris
- Institute for Human-Animal Connection, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, USA.
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Ichitani T, Faccin AB, Costa JB, Juste FS, Andrade CRFD, Cunha MC. Effects of the presence of a dog on the psychic content expression of a stuttering person: case report. Codas 2021; 33:e20190267. [PMID: 33978105 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20202019267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stuttering has negative impacts on an individual's quality of life and is associated with higher risk of development of social and psychological problems. From this perspective, despite the diversity of etiological hypotheses for and treatments of stuttering, the interface between psychology and speech therapy in the approach to the biopsychic aspects involved in this clinical scenario stands out. Recent research indicates that the presence, specifically of dogs, can assist patients in symbolic elaboration of psychic content. From this perspective, the aim of this study is evaluate the effects of a dog's presence on the expression of the psychic content of a stuttering person, with the hypothesis that framing may reduce symptoms. The subject is M., female, 45 years old, married, without children, hairdressing assistant, with elementary school completed. She underwent the process of speech therapy in presence of a dog. A semidirected interview was conducted after this process. A co-therapist dog of Golden Retriever breed participated in all sessions. The relevant subjective content observed in the setting during the speech therapy process, which seems to have been mobilized by the framework established by the interaction among the therapist, the patient, and the dog, seems to demonstrate an association with the manifestation of disfluencies. The dog made physical contact with, supported, motivated and welcomed the subject in situations in which psychic conflicts were demonstrated. This clinical case study indicates that the dog's presence and interaction framework favored the reduction of stuttering symptoms, promoting welcoming environment that enabled the subject's psyche-soma integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Ichitani
- Programa de Estudos Pós-graduados em Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo - PUC-SP - São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | - Annelisa Bruna Faccin
- Programa de Estudos Pós-graduados em Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo - PUC-SP - São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | - Julia Biancalana Costa
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP - São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Fabiola Staróbole Juste
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP - São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Claudia Regina Furquim de Andrade
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP - São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Claudia Cunha
- Programa de Estudos Pós-graduados em Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo - PUC-SP - São Paulo (SP), Brasil
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Exploring Dog-Assisted Interventions in Higher Education: Students' Attitudes and Perceived Effects on Well-Being. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094492. [PMID: 33922741 PMCID: PMC8123063 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Both, in the transition to university and during it, students experience a multitude of different changes. Thus, it is no surprise that many students in higher education report suffering from mental health problems. To address their concerns, animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) have gained more and more attention over the past few years. Nonetheless, AAIs have neither yet been used nor researched at German universities. Two studies were carried out to address this issue. In Study I, 709 university students answered a questionnaire evaluating their attitude towards dogs, AAIs and interest in its use at their home university. In Study II, 27 students participated in a dog-assisted intervention (DAI) in which they were allowed to interact with a qualified dog for 15 min. To gain information about their well-being, blood pressure was measured and the Basler Befindlichkeitsskala had to be answered before and after the intervention. Results showed a positive attitude among German students toward dogs, AAIs, and the use of DAIs at their home university. Although an effect on physical well-being could not be found, results showed that a 15-min DAI can improve students’ psychological well-being. Thus, higher education administrators should consider using DAIs as a way to improve student well-being.
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Santaniello A, Varriale L, Dipineto L, Borrelli L, Pace A, Fioretti A, Menna LF. Presence of Campylobacterjejuni and C. coli in Dogs under Training for Animal-Assisted Therapies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3717. [PMID: 33918252 PMCID: PMC8038157 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the presence of Campylobacter (C.) jejuni and C. coli in dogs at five dog training centers in Southern Italy. A total of 550 animals were sampled by collecting rectal swabs. The samples were processed to detect thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. by culture and molecular methods. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 135/550 (24.5-95% confidence interval) dogs. A total of 84 C. jejuni (62.2%) and 51 C. coli (37.8%) isolates were identified using conventional PCR. The dog data (age, sex, breed, and eating habits) were examined by two statistical analyses using the C. jejuni and C. coli status (positive or negative) as dependent variables. Dogs fed home-cooked food showed a higher risk of being positive for C. jejuni than dogs fed dry or canned meat for dogs (50.0%; p < 0.01). Moreover, purebred dogs had a significantly higher risk than crossbred dogs for C. coli positivity (16.4%; p < 0.01). This is the first study on the prevalence of C. jejuni and C. coli in dogs frequenting dog training centers for animal-assisted therapies (AATs). Our findings emphasize the potential zoonotic risk for patients and users involved in AATs settings and highlight the need to carry out ad hoc health checks and to pay attention to the choice of the dog, as well as eating habits, in order to minimize the risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Santaniello
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (L.D.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (A.F.); (L.F.M.)
| | - Lorena Varriale
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (L.D.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (A.F.); (L.F.M.)
| | - Ludovico Dipineto
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (L.D.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (A.F.); (L.F.M.)
| | - Luca Borrelli
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (L.D.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (A.F.); (L.F.M.)
| | - Antonino Pace
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (L.D.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (A.F.); (L.F.M.)
- Marine Turtle Research Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fioretti
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (L.D.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (A.F.); (L.F.M.)
| | - Lucia Francesca Menna
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (L.D.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (A.F.); (L.F.M.)
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15
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French handlers' perspectives on Animal-Assisted Interventions. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 44:101356. [PMID: 33984800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAI) are well implemented in human healthcare, in France as elsewhere; yet there are still difficulties in characterizing these practices and misconceptions about their mechanisms - little is known about the French practice of AAI and about the human-animal team. OBJECTIVES This study aims to characterize AAI by exploring their specificities through French handlers' perspectives. MATERIAL AND METHOD An online survey addressed to French handlers working in AAI with mainly one dog was carried out. This research included questions about their practice in AAI (registration status, beneficiaries, and animals) and their background (training in AAI, training in the medico-social field, training in animal behavior). We then examined a phenomenological understanding of handlers' definitions of their practice in AAI, their motivations to work with these approaches, and the expectations of the human-animal team. We used an open coding strategy and created major themes from their answers. RESULTS 111 handlers participated in this study. The quantitative data highlighted a heterogeneity of handlers' profiles and professional backgrounds, although most profiles had previous training in healthcare. Five themes characterizing AAI emerged from the qualitative analysis: (1) AAI as additional approaches to care settings, (2) AAI as person-centered approaches, (3) the complementarity between handlers and their animal(s), (4) the shared role of mediator, and (5) handlers' beliefs about the human-animal relationship related to their personal experiences. This survey allowed us to understand how the French use AAI and its role in the care system. CONCLUSION The benefits of AAI are numerous both for care settings and for the caregivers mainly by making the care more humane. AAI seem to put the wellbeing of beneficiaries and the relationship with the caregiver at the center of the care. The complementarity of the human-animal team is the common feature of these practices and is critical to their success. Future interdisciplinary studies are required to explore the particularities of these interspecific approaches and the differences between countries.
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Shoesmith E, Shahab L, Kale D, Mills DS, Reeve C, Toner P, Santos de Assis L, Ratschen E. The Influence of Human-Animal Interactions on Mental and Physical Health during the First COVID-19 Lockdown Phase in the U.K.: A Qualitative Exploration. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18030976. [PMID: 33499354 PMCID: PMC7908431 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents an opportunity to explore the role of animals as sources of emotional and physical support during a period when most of the population is experiencing social and environmental challenges. We investigated how companion animal owners perceived the influence of human–animal interaction on their physical and mental health during the first COVID-19 lockdown phase in the U.K., and what concerns they had regarding their animals at this time. We also explored the impact of participants’ interaction with non-companion animals during this phase. A cross-sectional online survey of U.K. residents aged over 18 was conducted between April and June 2020. The final item of the survey invited open-ended free-text responses, allowing participants to describe any experiences and/or perceptions of their human–animal relationships during the COVID-19 lockdown phase. A qualitative thematic analysis of responses was undertaken. Four main themes related to the following aspects of human–animal interactions during the COVID-19 lockdown phase were identified: the positive impact of animal ownership during the COVID-19 lockdown (e.g., amelioration of wellbeing and mental health), concerns relating to animal ownership during the COVID-19 lockdown (e.g., concerns over animals carrying the COVID-19 virus), grief and loss of an animal during the COVID-19 lockdown and the impact of engaging with non-companion animals during the COVID-19 lockdown. The findings complement and extend previous insights into the impact of human–animal interaction with both companion and non-companion animals. They also highlight the challenges of caring for an animal during the lockdown phase and indicate the need to consider the development of further targeted support strategies, such as “day care” for the companion animals of key workers in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Shoesmith
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK; (L.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Dimitra Kale
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK; (L.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Daniel S. Mills
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK; (D.S.M.); (L.S.d.A.)
| | - Catherine Reeve
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5BN, UK; (C.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Paul Toner
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5BN, UK; (C.R.); (P.T.)
| | | | - Elena Ratschen
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK;
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Lassell R, Wood W, Schmid AA, Cross JE. A comparison of quality of life indicators during two complementary interventions: adaptive gardening and adaptive riding for people with dementia. Complement Ther Med 2021; 57:102658. [PMID: 33429038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to provide a fine-grain description and comparison of how people living with dementia responded to adaptive gardening and adaptive riding through durations of their observed participation and emotional well-being, two dimensions of quality of life. DESIGN A descriptive case study design enabled in-depth description and comparison of participation and emotional well-being, two quality of life indicators, observed during four videotaped sessions of adaptive gardening and adaptive riding. INTERVENTIONS Eight people living with dementia self-selected into one of two complementary interventions, community-based adaptive gardening (n = 4) or adaptive riding (n = 4), in Northern Colorado. Both occurred for hour-long, weekly sessions for eight-weeks. OUTCOME MEASURE Durations of observed quality of life indicators of participation and apparent affect were documented using a modified version of the Activity-in-Context-in-Time on 31 hours of videotaped data. Durations for each quality of life indicator were averaged per participant and aggregated by group for comparison using a Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney U test RESULTS: Both interventions supported emotional well-being and participation. Longer durations of active participation were observed during adaptive riding with significantly higher durations of complex active participation (U = 16, p= 0.029). CONCLUSION Both interventions supported quality of life and merit continued development. Adaptive riding appeared to support longer durations of active participation with more complex forms when compared to adaptive gardening. Findings can inform healthcare providers' recommendations for adaptive gardening and adaptive riding for people with dementia. More research is needed with a larger sample size to further examine similarities and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lassell
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, United States.
| | - Wendy Wood
- Departments of Animal Science and Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, United States
| | - Arlene A Schmid
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, United States
| | - Jennifer E Cross
- Department of Sociology, Colorado State University, United States
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18
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Stern C, Chur‐hansen A. An umbrella review of the evidence for equine‐assisted interventions. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Stern
- The Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,
| | - Anna Chur‐hansen
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,
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Influences of Animal-Assisted Therapy on Episodic Memory in Patients with Acquired Brain Injuries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228466. [PMID: 33207575 PMCID: PMC7696148 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is shown to be an effective method to foster neurorehabilitation. However, no studies investigate long-term effects of AAT in patients with acquired brain injuries. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study was to investigate if and how AAT affects long-term episodic memory using a mixed-method approach. Eight patients rated pictures of therapy sessions with and without animals that they attended two years ago. Wilcoxon tests calculated differences in patients' memory and experienced emotions between therapy sessions with or without animals. We also analyzed interviews of six of these patients with qualitative content analysis according to Mayring. Patients remembered therapy sessions in the presence of an animal significantly better and rated them as more positive compared to standard therapy sessions without animals (Z = -3.21, p = 0.002, g = 0.70; Z = -2.75, p = 0.006, g = 0.96). Qualitative data analysis resulted in a total of 23 categories. The most frequently addressed categories were "Positive emotions regarding animals" and "Good memory of animals". This pilot study provides first evidence that AAT might enhance episodic memory via positive emotions in patients with acquired brain injury.
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20
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Stern C, Lizarondo L, Carrier J, Godfrey C, Rieger K, Salmond S, Apóstolo J, Kirkpatrick P, Loveday H. Impact of canine-assisted interventions on the health and well-being of older people residing in long-term care: a mixed methods systematic review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2020; 18:2140-2147. [PMID: 33038126 DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-d-19-00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to synthesize and integrate the best available evidence on the impact of canine-assisted interventions on the health and well-being of older people residing in long-term care. INTRODUCTION Canine-assisted interventions are commonly used as an adjunct therapy to enhance health and well-being, and are often implemented in long-term care facilities. The number of studies undertaken in this area has increased substantially over the previous five years; therefore, an update of two previous systematic reviews is warranted. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review will consider older people who reside in long-term care facilities and who receive canine-assisted interventions. For the quantitative component, canine-assisted interventions will be compared to usual care, alternative therapeutic interventions, or no interventions, and outcomes will be grouped under the following headings: biological, psychological, and social. For the qualitative component, the experiences of older people receiving canine-assisted interventions, as well as the views of people directly or indirectly involved in delivering canine-assisted interventions, will be explored. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies published from 2009 to the present will be considered. METHODS A search of 10 bibliographic databases and other resources for published and unpublished English language studies will be undertaken. Study selection, critical appraisal, data extraction, and data synthesis will be undertaken by two independent reviewers following the segregated JBI approach to mixed methods reviews. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42020161235.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Stern
- JBI, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lucylynn Lizarondo
- JBI, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Judith Carrier
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
- The Wales Centre for Evidence Based Care: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Christina Godfrey
- School of Nursing, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Queen's Collaboration for Health Care Quality: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kendra Rieger
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Susan Salmond
- School of Nursing, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- The Northeast Institute for Evidence Synthesis and Translation (NEST): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - João Apóstolo
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Portugal Centre for Evidence Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pamela Kirkpatrick
- Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland
- The Scottish Centre for Evidence-based, Multi-professional Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Heather Loveday
- Richard Wells Research Centre, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, London, England
- The University of West London Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare: A JBI Affiliated Group, London, England
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Santaniello A, Garzillo S, Amato A, Sansone M, Fioretti A, Menna LF. Occurrence of Pasteurella multocida in Dogs Being Trained for Animal-Assisted Therapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6385. [PMID: 32887269 PMCID: PMC7503519 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is a non-pharmacological therapy aimed at people with physical and/or mental disabilities. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out interventions that guarantee its benefits for patients while also avoiding the risk of zoonoses due to contact with the animals or their mucous membranes. The present study aimed to detect the occurrence of Pasteurella multocida in the oral cavity of dogs attending a "dog educational centre" and training for AAT interventions. In addition, some of the potential predictable factors of infection (i.e., age, sex, breed, and living conditions) were analyzed. In total, 25/200 dogs examined (12.5%; 95% confidence interval = 8.4-18.1%) were positive for P. multocida, as confirmed by PCR. Sex, breed, and living conditions were risk factors associated with P. multocida as revealed by the logistic regression analysis. Specifically, cross-bred female dogs living prevalently outdoors were significantly associated with the presence of P. multocida (p < 0.05). This study represents the first epidemiological survey of the prevalence of P. multocida in the oral cavity of dogs involved subsequently in AAT interventions, highlighting the potential risk of P. multocida infection in patients, often belonging to risk categories (e.g., children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals). Therefore, healthcare guidelines could be suggested to integrate the current literature related to the health check of dogs involved in AAT. In this way, it could be ensured that, even with bodily contact during AAT, the risk of pathogen transmission by the co-therapist dog can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Santaniello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy; (S.G.); (A.A.); (A.F.); (L.F.M.)
| | - Susanne Garzillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy; (S.G.); (A.A.); (A.F.); (L.F.M.)
| | - Alessia Amato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy; (S.G.); (A.A.); (A.F.); (L.F.M.)
| | - Mario Sansone
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Federico II University of Naples, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fioretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy; (S.G.); (A.A.); (A.F.); (L.F.M.)
| | - Lucia Francesca Menna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy; (S.G.); (A.A.); (A.F.); (L.F.M.)
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22
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Santaniello A, Sansone M, Fioretti A, Menna LF. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Occurrence of ESKAPE Bacteria Group in Dogs, and the Related Zoonotic Risk in Animal-Assisted Therapy, and in Animal-Assisted Activity in the Health Context. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3278. [PMID: 32397230 PMCID: PMC7246456 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Animal-assisted interventions are widely implemented in different contexts worldwide. Particularly, animal-assisted therapies and animal-assisted activities are often implemented in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and other health facilities. These interventions bring several benefits to patients but can also expose them to the risk of infection with potentially zoonotic agents. The dog is the main animal species involved used in these interventions. Therefore, we aimed at collecting data regarding the occurrence of the pathogens ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp.) in dogs, in order to draft guidelines concerning the possible monitoring of dogs involved in animal-assisted therapies and animal-assisted activities in healthcare facilities. We performed a literature search using the PRISMA guidelines to examine three databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Out of 2604 records found, 52 papers were identified as eligible for inclusion in the review/meta-analysis. Sixteen papers reported data on E. faecium; 16 on S. aureus; nine on K. pneumoniae; four on A. baumannii; eight on P. aeruginosa; and six on Enterobacter spp. This work will contribute to increased awareness to the potential zoonotic risks posed by the involvement of dogs in animal-assisted therapies, and animal-assisted activities in healthcare facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Santaniello
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.F.); (L.F.M.)
| | - Mario Sansone
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Federico II University of Naples, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Fioretti
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.F.); (L.F.M.)
| | - Lucia Francesca Menna
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.F.); (L.F.M.)
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Santaniello A, Dicé F, Claudia Carratú R, Amato A, Fioretti A, Menna LF. Methodological and Terminological Issues in Animal-Assisted Interventions: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E759. [PMID: 32349351 PMCID: PMC7277107 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, animal-assisted interventions (AAIs), which are defined as psychological, educational, and rehabilitation support activities, have become widespread in different contexts. For many years, they have been a subject of interest in the international scientific community and are at the center of an important discussion regarding their effectiveness and the most appropriate practices for their realization. We carried out an umbrella review (UR) of systematic reviews (SRs), created for the purpose of exploring the literature and aimed at deepening the terminological and methodological aspects of AAIs. It is created by exploring the online databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. The SRs present in the high-impact indexed search engines Web of Sciences and Scopus are selected. After screening, we selected 15 SRs that met the inclusion criteria. All papers complained of the poor quality of AAIs; some considered articles containing interventions that did not always correspond to the terminology they have explored and whose operating practices were not always comparable. This stresses the need for the development and consequent diffusion of not only operational protocols, but also research protocols which provide for the homogeneous use of universally recognized terminologies, thus facilitating the study, deepening, and comparison between the numerous experiences described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Santaniello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, via Mezzocannone, 8-80134 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (A.F.); (L.F.M.)
| | - Francesca Dicé
- University Centre SinAPSi, Federico II University of Naples, via G.C. Cortese, 29-80133 Naples, Italy; (F.D.); (R.C.C.)
| | - Roberta Claudia Carratú
- University Centre SinAPSi, Federico II University of Naples, via G.C. Cortese, 29-80133 Naples, Italy; (F.D.); (R.C.C.)
| | - Alessia Amato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, via Mezzocannone, 8-80134 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (A.F.); (L.F.M.)
| | - Alessandro Fioretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, via Mezzocannone, 8-80134 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (A.F.); (L.F.M.)
| | - Lucia Francesca Menna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Federico II University of Naples, via Mezzocannone, 8-80134 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (A.F.); (L.F.M.)
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Pruskowski KA, Gurney JM, Cancio LC. Impact of the implementation of a therapy dog program on burn center patients and staff. Burns 2019; 46:293-297. [PMID: 31852614 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2019.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Animal-assisted interventions have been implemented in both inpatient and outpatient settings and have demonstrated positive outcomes on patients and hospital staff. Animal-assisted interventions have not been previously reported in any burn center. A therapy dog program was established at our burn center with the intent of improving duration and quality of rehabilitation sessions and physical therapy. Satisfaction surveys were distributed to patients and staff. After one year, 14 patient surveys and 23 staff surveys were collected. Implementation of this program was feasible and patients worked with the therapy dogs in all environments of the burn center: outpatient, ward, and ICU. Most patients reported improved pain and anxiety after working with the therapy dogs. All patients reported that they would like more sessions with the therapy dogs. All staff members were satisfied or very satisfied with their therapy dog visit and all enjoyed having the therapy dogs present. Most reported an improved mood after seeing the therapy dogs and wanted that additional therapy dog visits. One year after the implementation of the therapy dog program, we have demonstrated feasibility, acceptability, and desirability of this type of program at our burn center. Given the paramount importance of rehabilitation in the recovery of burn patients, further investigation into therapy should be performed and longer term outcomes assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin A Pruskowski
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Jennifer M Gurney
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States; Joint Trauma System, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Leopoldo C Cancio
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
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Scopa C, Contalbrigo L, Greco A, Lanatà A, Scilingo EP, Baragli P. Emotional Transfer in Human-Horse Interaction: New Perspectives on Equine Assisted Interventions. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E1030. [PMID: 31779120 PMCID: PMC6941042 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine assisted interventions (EAIs) include all therapeutic interventions aimed at improving human wellbeing through the involvement of horses. Due to the prominent emotional involvement traditionally characterizing their relation with humans, horses developed sophisticated communicative skills, which fostered their ability to respond to human emotional states. In this review, we hypothesize that the proximate causation of successful interventions could be human-animal mutual coordination, through which the subjects bodily and, most importantly, emotionally come into contact. We propose that detecting emotions of other individuals and developing the capacity to fine-tune one's own emotional states accordingly (emotional transfer mechanism), could represent the key engine triggering the positive effects of EAIs. We provide a comprehensive analysis of horses' socio-emotional competences according to recent literature and we propose a multidisciplinary approach to investigate this inter-specific match. By considering human and horse as a unique coupling system during the interaction, it would be possible to objectively measure the degree of coordination through the analysis of physiological variables of both human and animal. Merging the state of art on human-horse relationship with the application of novel methodologies, could help to improve standardized protocols for animal assisted interventions, with particular regard to the emotional states of subjects involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Scopa
- Italian National Reference Centre for Animal Assisted Interventions, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro (Padua), Italy;
| | - Laura Contalbrigo
- Italian National Reference Centre for Animal Assisted Interventions, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro (Padua), Italy;
| | - Alberto Greco
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.G.); (A.L.); (E.P.S.)
- Feel-Ing s.r.l., 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Lanatà
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.G.); (A.L.); (E.P.S.)
- Feel-Ing s.r.l., 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Enzo Pasquale Scilingo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.G.); (A.L.); (E.P.S.)
- Feel-Ing s.r.l., 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Baragli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Bioengineering and Robotic Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
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Maurelli MP, Santaniello A, Fioretti A, Cringoli G, Rinaldi L, Menna LF. The Presence of Toxocara Eggs on Dog's Fur as Potential Zoonotic Risk in Animal-Assisted Interventions: A Systematic Review. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E827. [PMID: 31635019 PMCID: PMC6826609 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) usually contribute to the well-being and health of users/patients, but it is essential that the animals involved in these activities do not represent a source of zoonoses. This systematic review focused on the evaluation of the potential risk of the transmission of Toxocara by dogs' fur, considering their involvement as the main animal species in AAIs. Three databases were considered: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, and the PRISMA guidelines were used. Out of 162 articles found, 14 papers were identified as eligible for inclusion in the review. Although the findings were very heterogeneous, they showed that regular parasitological surveillance to plan effective control programs is strongly needed to guarantee the health of pets and consequently the public health, according to the concept of One Health. Since AAIs involve patients and/or users potentially susceptible, it is very important to appropriately treat dogs enrolled in these interventions after an accurate diagnosis of parasitic zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Maurelli
- Unit of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Antonio Santaniello
- Unit of Infectious Diseases of Domestic Animals, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, via Mezzocannone, 8-80134 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Fioretti
- Unit of Infectious Diseases of Domestic Animals, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, via Mezzocannone, 8-80134 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Cringoli
- Unit of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Unit of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Lucia Francesca Menna
- Unit of Infectious Diseases of Domestic Animals, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, via Mezzocannone, 8-80134 Napoli, Italy.
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Nordgren L, Asp M. Photo-Elicited Conversations about Therapy Dogs as a Tool for Engagement and Communication in Dementia Care: A Case Study. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9100820. [PMID: 31627391 PMCID: PMC6826407 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the inner life of people with dementia can be challenging and there is a need for new and different approaches. Previous research shows that people with dementia can experience emotions such as harmony, closeness, and joy as well as sadness and concern when interacting with a therapy dog. Simultaneously, memories of past episodes are brought back to life when the person interacts with the dog. This raises questions about whether photos of interaction with a dog can evoke memories or support people with dementia in communicating emotions in a corresponding way. The aim of this study was to explore photo-elicited conversations as a tool for engagement and communication in dementia care. Repeated video observations of photo-elicited conversations between a woman with dementia and a dog handler/assistant nurse were used to collect data. The video recordings were analyzed with a phenomenological hermeneutical method. The role of photo-elicited conversations as a tool for engagement and communication in dementia care is that the conversations can help the person with dementia to feel a sense of being situated and recall feelings of liveliness and belongingness, and thus supporting the person's sense of self. The results can be used to deepen nursing staff's understanding of using photo-elicited conversations in dementia care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Nordgren
- Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, 631 88 Eskilstuna, Sweden.
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Margareta Asp
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, 722 20 Västerås, Sweden.
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Fodstad JC, Bauers J, Sexton M, Butler M, Karlsson C, Neff M. Development of an animal-assisted activity program on a pediatric behavioral health unit. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2019; 36:153-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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