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Baudouin R, Tartour E, Badoual C, Hans S. Hypothesis of a CD137/Eomes activating axis for effector T cells in HPV oropharyngeal cancers. Mol Med 2024; 30:26. [PMID: 38355394 PMCID: PMC10868089 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00796-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is supplanting alcohol and tobacco intoxications as the leading cause of oropharyngeal cancer in developed countries. HPV-related squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx (HPV + OSC) present better survival and respond better to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Regulatory T cells (TREG) are mainly described as immunosuppressive and protumoral in most solid cancers. However, TREG are paradoxically associated with a better prognosis in HPV + OSCs. The transcription factor FoxP3 is the basis for the identification of TREG. Among CD4 + FoxP3 + T cells, some have effector functions. A medical hypothesis is formulated here: the existence of a CD137 (4.1BB)-Eomesodermin (Eomes) activated pathway downstream of TCR-specific activation in a subpopulation of CD4 + FoxP3 + T cells may explain this effector function. Evidence suggest that this axis may exist either in CD4 + FoxP3 + T cells or CD8 + T cells. This pathway could lead T cells to strong antitumor cytotoxic activity in a tumor-specific manner. Furthermore, CD137 is one of the most expected targets for the development of agonist immunotherapies. The identification of CD137 + Eomes + FoxP3+/- T cells could be a key element in the selective activation of the most anti-tumor cells in the HPV + OSC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Baudouin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, 40 rue Worth, 92 150, Suresnes, France.
- School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en- Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), 2 Av. de la Source de la Bièvre, Montigny- le-Bretonneux, 78 180, France.
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Cite, INSERM, PARCC, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Immunologie biologique, 20, Rue Leblanc, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Cécile Badoual
- Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'anatomopathologie, 20, Rue Leblanc, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Stéphane Hans
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, 40 rue Worth, 92 150, Suresnes, France
- School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en- Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), 2 Av. de la Source de la Bièvre, Montigny- le-Bretonneux, 78 180, France
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Liao C, Zhang G, Huang R, Zeng L, Chen B, Dai H, Tang K, Lin R, Huang Y. Inducing the Abscopal Effect in Liver Cancer Treatment: The Impact of Microwave Ablation Power Levels and PD-1 Antibody Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1672. [PMID: 38139799 PMCID: PMC10747918 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microwave ablation (MWA) is an effective treatment for liver cancer (LC), but its impact on distant tumors remains to be fully elucidated. This study investigated the abscopal effects triggered by MWA treatment of LC, at different power levels and with or without combined immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). We established a mouse model with bilateral subcutaneous LC and applied MWA of varied power levels to ablate the right-sided tumor, with or without immunotherapy. Left-sided tumor growth was monitored to assess the abscopal effect. Immune cell infiltration and distant tumor neovascularization were quantified via immunohistochemistry, revealing insights into the tumor microenvironment and neovascularization status. Th1- and Th2-type cytokine concentrations in peripheral blood were measured using ELISA to evaluate systemic immunological changes. It was found that MWA alone, especially at lower power, promoted distant tumor growth. On the contrary, combining high-power MWA with anti-programmed death (PD)-1 therapy promoted CD8+ T-cell infiltration, reduced regulatory T-cell infiltration, upregulated a Th1-type cytokine (TNF-α) in peripheral blood, and inhibited distant tumor growth. In summary, combining high-power MWA with ICI significantly enhances systemic antitumor immune responses and activates the abscopal effect, offering a facile and robust strategy for improving treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changli Liao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; (C.L.); (G.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.C.); (H.D.); (K.T.)
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 55 South Renmin Road, Section 4, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guiyuan Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; (C.L.); (G.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.C.); (H.D.); (K.T.)
| | - Ruotong Huang
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Linyuan Zeng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; (C.L.); (G.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.C.); (H.D.); (K.T.)
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; (C.L.); (G.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.C.); (H.D.); (K.T.)
| | - Haitao Dai
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; (C.L.); (G.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.C.); (H.D.); (K.T.)
| | - Keyu Tang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; (C.L.); (G.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.C.); (H.D.); (K.T.)
| | - Run Lin
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; (C.L.); (G.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.C.); (H.D.); (K.T.)
| | - Yonghui Huang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; (C.L.); (G.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.C.); (H.D.); (K.T.)
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Dai Z, Li N, Wang J, Tan C, Zhang Y, Liu L. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a comprehensive analysis of registered trials on ClinicalTrials.gov. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1212813. [PMID: 38026930 PMCID: PMC10679443 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1212813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Clinical trials play an important role in the development of healthcare. However, the current status of clinical trials on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 for nasopharyngeal carcinoma remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the registered trials related to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 for nasopharyngeal carcinoma on ClinicalTrials.gov. Methods: A search was conducted on the ClinicalTrials.gov database to identify all registered trials related to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 for nasopharyngeal carcinoma up to 26 February 2023. The characteristics of the trials were examined, and the studied drugs, disease conditions, as well as details of trials with available results were analyzed. Publication status was assessed by a PubMed search using the ClinicalTrials.gov NCT number. Results: A total of 112 interventional clinical trials registered between 2015 and 2023 were included. Of the trials, 90 were carried out in Asia, 72 were in phase 2, and 31 trials had either companies or universities as sponsors/collaborators. The sample sizes across the trials varied greatly, with a median of 71.5 participants per trial. The majority of trials were recruiting participants, with only 6 had posted results. PD-1 inhibitors were preferred over PD-L1, and Toripalimab emerged as the most extensively studied drug. About one-third (33.9%) of the studies looked into recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer. Conclusion: This study provides an overview of all registered trials of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 for NPC. It is needed to improve the completeness, outcome selection, randomization and masking of trials and to be transparent and timely in reporting of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelei Dai
- Division of Head and Neck Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nian Li
- Department of Medical Administration, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Division of Head and Neck Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenfeng Tan
- Division of Head and Neck Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Division of Head and Neck Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Huang H, Yao Y, Deng X, Weng H, Chen Z, Yu L, Wang Z, Fang X, Hong H, Huang H, Lin T. Characteristics of immunotherapy trials for nasopharyngeal carcinoma over a 15-year period. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1195659. [PMID: 37622113 PMCID: PMC10445486 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1195659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy has been a hotspot in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in recent years. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive landscape of the characteristics of immunotherapy clinical trials in NPC and to determine whether contemporary studies are of sufficient quality to demonstrate therapeutic value. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of NPC trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov in the last 15 years (Jan 1, 2008-Nov 20, 2022). Only interventional trials with a primary purpose of treatment were included in the final analysis. Characteristics of immunotherapy trials were compared with those of other NPC trials. Chronological shifts in NPC immunotherapy trials were also analyzed. Results Of the 440 NPC studies selected, 161 (36.6%) were immunotherapy trials and 279 (63.4%) were other NPC trials. NPC immunotherapy trials were more likely than other NPC trials to be phase 1-2 (82.6% vs. 66.7%, P < 0.001), single-arm (51.3% vs. 39.6%, P = 0.020), non-randomized (64.8% vs. 44.4%, P < 0.001), and enroll fewer than 50 participants (46.3% vs. 34.4%, P = 0.015). Blinding was used in 8.8% of NPC immunotherapy trials. Also, 90.7% of NPC immunotherapy trials were recruited nationally and 82.6% were Asia-centric. Although academic institutions and governments (72.7%) were the major sponsors of NPC trials, immunotherapy trials were more likely to be industry-funded than other NPC trials (34.2% vs. 11.5%, P < 0.001). The number of NPC immunotherapy trials increased exponentially after 2017, attributed to the exploration of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy was the most commonly investigated regimen. Conclusion NPC immunotherapy trials over a 15-year period were predominantly exploratory. To generate high-quality evidence and advance the clinical application of immunotherapy in NPC, more attention and concerted efforts are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huageng Huang
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyi Yao
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Deng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huawei Weng
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zegeng Chen
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Oncology, Senior Ward and Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Fang
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huangming Hong
- Department of Oncology, Senior Ward and Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongyu Lin
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Senior Ward and Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Jing SL, Afshari K, Guo ZC. Inflammatory response-related genes predict prognosis in patients with HNSCC. Immunol Lett 2023:S0165-2478(23)00094-9. [PMID: 37279805 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common malignancy of the head and neck, and the inflammatory microenvironment can impact the prognosis of HNSCC. However, the contribution of inflammation to tumour progression has not been fully elucidated. METHODS The mRNA expression profiles and corresponding clinical data of HNSCC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox analysis model was used to identify prognostic genes. The overall survival (OS) between high- and low-risk patients was compared by Kaplan‒Meier analysis. The independent predictors of OS were determined by univariate and multivariate Cox analyses. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to assess immune cell infiltration and immune-related pathway activity. GSEA was used to analyse Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database was used to examine prognostic genes in HNSCC patients. Immunohistochemistry was used to verify the protein expression of prognostic genes in HNSCC samples. RESULTS An inflammatory response-related gene signature was constructed by LASSO Cox regression analysis. HNSCC patients in the high-risk group showed significantly reduced OS compared with those in the low-risk group. The predictive capacity of the prognostic gene signature was confirmed by ROC curve analysis. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that the risk score was an independent predictor for OS. Functional analysis indicated that the immune status was markedly different between the two risk groups. The risk score was significantly related to tumour stage and immune subtype. The expression levels of the prognostic genes were significantly related to the sensitivity of cancer cells to antitumour drugs. Furthermore, high expression of the prognostic genes significantly predicted poor prognosis of HNSCC patients. CONCLUSIONS The novel signature containing 9 inflammatory response-related genes reflects the immune status of HNSCC and can be used for prognosis prediction. Furthermore, the genes may be potential targets for HNSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Li Jing
- Shannxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Keihan Afshari
- Key Laboratory of Shanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China; Laboratory Center of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Zhi-Chen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China; Laboratory Center of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
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Starska-Kowarska K. The Role of Different Immunocompetent Cell Populations in the Pathogenesis of Head and Neck Cancer-Regulatory Mechanisms of Pro- and Anti-Cancer Activity and Their Impact on Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1642. [PMID: 36980527 PMCID: PMC10046400 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most aggressive and heterogeneous groups of human neoplasms. HNSCC is characterized by high morbidity, accounting for 3% of all cancers, and high mortality with ~1.5% of all cancer deaths. It was the most common cancer worldwide in 2020, according to the latest GLOBOCAN data, representing the seventh most prevalent human malignancy. Despite great advances in surgical techniques and the application of modern combinations and cytotoxic therapies, HNSCC remains a leading cause of death worldwide with a low overall survival rate not exceeding 40-60% of the patient population. The most common causes of death in patients are its frequent nodal metastases and local neoplastic recurrences, as well as the relatively low response to treatment and severe drug resistance. Much evidence suggests that the tumour microenvironment (TME), tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and circulating various subpopulations of immunocompetent cells, such regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs), cytotoxic CD3+CD8+ T cells (CTLs) and CD3+CD4+ T helper type 1/2/9/17 (Th1/Th2/Th9/Th17) lymphocytes, T follicular helper cells (Tfh) and CD56dim/CD16bright activated natural killer cells (NK), carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumour-associated neutrophils (N1/N2 TANs), as well as tumour-associated macrophages (M1/M2 phenotype TAMs) can affect initiation, progression and spread of HNSCC and determine the response to immunotherapy. Rapid advances in the field of immuno-oncology and the constantly growing knowledge of the immunosuppressive mechanisms and effects of tumour cancer have allowed for the use of effective and personalized immunotherapy as a first-line therapeutic procedure or an essential component of a combination therapy for primary, relapsed and metastatic HNSCC. This review presents the latest reports and molecular studies regarding the anti-tumour role of selected subpopulations of immunocompetent cells in the pathogenesis of HNSCC, including HPV+ve (HPV+) and HPV-ve (HPV-) tumours. The article focuses on the crucial regulatory mechanisms of pro- and anti-tumour activity, key genetic or epigenetic changes that favour tumour immune escape, and the strategies that the tumour employs to avoid recognition by immunocompetent cells, as well as resistance mechanisms to T and NK cell-based immunotherapy in HNSCC. The present review also provides an overview of the pre- and clinical early trials (I/II phase) and phase-III clinical trials published in this arena, which highlight the unprecedented effectiveness and limitations of immunotherapy in HNSCC, and the emerging issues facing the field of HNSCC immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Starska-Kowarska
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; ; Tel.: +48-604-541-412
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, EnelMed Center Expert, Drewnowska 58, 91-001 Lodz, Poland
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Xiang Y, Gong M, Deng Y, Wang H, Ye D. T cell effects and mechanisms in immunotherapy of head and neck tumors. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:49. [PMID: 36872320 PMCID: PMC9985928 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck tumors (HNCs) are a common tumor in otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery, accounting for 5% of all malignant tumors in the body and are the sixth most common malignant tumor worldwide. In the body, immune cells can recognize, kill, and remove HNCs. T cell-mediated antitumor immune activity is the most important antitumor response in the body. T cells have different effects on tumor cells, among which cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells play a major killing and regulating role. T cells recognize tumor cells, activate themselves, differentiate into effector cells, and activate other mechanisms to induce antitumor effects. In this review, the immune effects and antitumor mechanisms mediated by T cells are systematically described from the perspective of immunology, and the application of new immunotherapy methods related to T cells are discussed, with the objective of providing a theoretical basis for exploring and forming new antitumor treatment strategies. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Xiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengdan Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongqin Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated People Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China.
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Malinowska K, Kowalski A, Merecz-Sadowska A, Paprocka-Zjawiona M, Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Zielińska-Bliźniewska H. PD-1 and PD-L1 Expression Levels as a Potential Biomarker of Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Head and Neck Cancers. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12052033. [PMID: 36902820 PMCID: PMC10004389 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12052033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an etiological factor of various chronic diseases contributing to more than 50% of worldwide deaths. In this study, we focus on the immunosuppressive role of the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligand (PD-L1) in inflammatory-related diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis and head and neck cancers. The study included 304 participants. Of this number, 162 patients had chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), 40 patients had head and neck cancer (HNC) and there were 102 healthy subjects. The expression level of the PD-1 and PD-L1 genes in the tissues of the study groups was measured by qPCR and Western blot methods. The associations between the age of the patients and the extent of disease and genes' expression were evaluated. The study showed a significantly higher mRNA expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the tissues of both the CRSwNP and HNC patient groups compared to the healthy group. The severity of CRSwNP significantly correlated with the mRNA expression of PD-1 and PD-L1. Similarly, the age of the NHC patients influenced PD-L1 expression. In addition, a significantly higher level of PD-L1 protein was noticed also for both the CRSwNP and HNC patient groups. The increased expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 may be a potential biomarker of inflammatory-related diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis and head and neck cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Malinowska
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-725 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrzej Kowalski
- Department of Otolaryngology, Laryngological Oncology, Audiology and Phoniatrics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-725 Lodz, Poland
| | - Milena Paprocka-Zjawiona
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-725 Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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da Silva A, Silva ASE, Petroianu A. Immuno-oncology in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma - a narrative review. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12703. [PMID: 36946842 PMCID: PMC10021498 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Immuno-oncology studies the immune system in cancer. In recent decades, immunotherapy has shown a good response to the treatment of various locally advanced and metastatic cancers. The main mechanisms of action include stimulation of the patient's own immune system to enhance immune responses acting in tumor escape pathways. This review examined the literature related to immune system mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and their application in immunotherapy using biomarkers. The PUBMED, LILACS, MEDLINE, WHOLIS, and SCIELO databases were searched using the terms squamous cell carcinoma, head and neck, immuno-oncology, immunotherapy, and immunology. The main drugs currently available for clinical use in patients diagnosed with HNSCC include pembrolizumab and nivolumab, both classified as check-point inhibitors. These immunobiological agents improve patient survival and quality of life. Many authors and clinical trials point out that the recommendation of these agents is linked to the dose of PD-L1 (ligand expressed primarily by tumor cells), which proved to be an unreliable biomarker in the patient selection. Recommendation of immunotherapy depends on reliable biomarkers that must be identified in order to achieve good therapeutic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.T. da Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - A.C. Simões e Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - A. Petroianu
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Epstein-Barr virus-induced ectopic CD137 expression helps nasopharyngeal carcinoma to escape immune surveillance and enables targeting by chimeric antigen receptors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2583-2596. [DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Demes M, Pession U, Jeroch J, Schulze F, Eichler K, Martin D, Wild P, Waidmann O. Site of analysis matters - Ongoing complete response to Nivolumab in a patient with HIV/HPV related metastatic anal cancer and MLH1 mutation. Oncotarget 2022; 13:1034-1042. [PMID: 36128324 PMCID: PMC9477220 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Anal cancer is a rare disease with increasing incidence. In patients with locally recurrent or metastatic disease which cannot be treated with chemoradiotherapy or salvage surgery systemic first-line chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel is standard of care. For patients who progress after first-line therapy and are still eligible for second-line therapy Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibodies are potential therapeutic options. However, prediction of response to immunotherapy is still challenging including anal cancer. We report here to our knowledge the first anal cancer case with microsatellite instability (MSI) due to MLH1 mutation and a deep and ongoing response to Nivolumab treatment. Namely, thorough analysis of the primary tumor as well as metastatic sites by next generation sequencing (NGS) revealed that MSI was formally only found in the metastatic sites but not in the primary tumor. Concomitantly, tumor mutational burden (TMB) was higher in the metastatic site than in the primary tumor. Therefore, we conclude that all anal cancer patients should be tested for MSI and whenever possible molecular analysis should be performed rather from metastatic sites than from the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Demes
- Dr. Senckenbergisches Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
- Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT), Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Ursula Pession
- Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT), Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
- Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Jan Jeroch
- Dr. Senckenbergisches Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Falko Schulze
- Dr. Senckenbergisches Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
- Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT), Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Katrin Eichler
- Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT), Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Daniel Martin
- Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT), Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Peter Wild
- Dr. Senckenbergisches Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
- Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT), Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Oliver Waidmann
- Universitäres Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (UCT), Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Schwerpunkte Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
- Centrum für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Frankfurt 60389, Germany
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12
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Huang J, Xu Z, Yuan Z, Cheng L, Zhou C, Shen Y. Identification of cuproptosis-related subtypes and characterization of the tumor microenvironment landscape in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24638. [PMID: 36082469 PMCID: PMC9459342 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cuproptosis is considered a novel copper-dependent cell death model. In this study, we established a novel scoring system based on 10 cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) to predict the prognosis and immune landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS The RNA-seq data of HNSCC patients were downloaded from the GEO and TCGA databases and were merged into a novel HNSCC cohort. Multiomics landscape analyses were conducted, including tumor mutation burden (TMB), copy number variations and the interaction network of CRGs. Patients were then divided into different cuproptosis subtypes based on the expression of 10 CRGs and subsequently regrouped into novel gene clusters referring to differentially expressed genes. A cuproptosis score (CS) system was established using principal component analysis. The CIBERSORT, ssGSEA and ESTIMATE algorithms were used to assess the tumor immune microenvironment. Moreover, the immunotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic responses were assessed. RESULTS Patients were divided into three cuproptosis subtypes and subsequently regrouped into three gene clusters, reflecting different immune infiltration. Assessed by the CS system, those with higher CSs exhibited worse prognosis and higher TMB frequency. Nevertheless, the immune-related analysis revealed patients in the low-CS group appeared immunosuppressive and easily suffered from immune escape. High CSs possibly show high expression of immune checkpoint genes and enhance chemotherapy sensitivity to cisplatin, docetaxel, and gemcitabine. CONCLUSION We established a novel scoring system to predict the prognosis and immune landscape of HNSCC patients. This signature exhibits satisfactory predictive effects and the potential to guide comprehensive treatment for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili HospitalThe Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
- School of MedicineNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Ziqian Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhechen Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili HospitalThe Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
- School of MedicineNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Lixin Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili HospitalThe Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
- School of MedicineNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Chongchang Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili HospitalThe Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
- School of MedicineNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili HospitalThe Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
- School of MedicineNingbo UniversityNingboChina
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13
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Rojas L, Mayorga D, Ruiz-Patiño A, Rodríguez J, Cardona AF, Archila P, Avila J, Bravo M, Ricaurte L, Sotelo C, Arrieta O, Zatarain-Barrón ZL, Carranza H, Otero J, Vargas C, Barrón F, Corrales L, Martín C, Recondo G, Pino LE, Bermudez MA, Gamez T, Ordoñez-Reyes C, García-Robledo JE, de Lima VC, Freitas H, Santoyo N, Malapelle U, Russo A, Rolfo C, Rosell R. Human papillomavirus infection and lung adenocarcinoma: special benefit is observed in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100500. [PMID: 35753086 PMCID: PMC9434139 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papilloma virus (HPV) has been associated with the development and modulation of response in a series of neoplasms. In the case of lung adenocarcinoma, its role in etiology and pathogenesis is still controversial. Considering that this infection brings foreign epitopes, it could be of prognostic significance in patients with lung adenocarcinoma treated with immunotherapy. METHODS In a retrospective cohort study we evaluated the presence of HPV genomic material in lung adenocarcinoma primary lesions with the INNO-LiPA platform. Viral replication was also evaluated by detecting the presence of oncoprotein E6/E7 messenger RNA (mRNA) by quantitative RT-PCR. To confirm possible hypotheses regarding viral oncogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) were evaluated with stromal fibrosis and immunoscore. RESULTS A total of 133 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 34 tested positive for HPV, reaching an estimated prevalence of 25.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 18.2% to 32.9%]. E6/7 mRNA was identified in 28 out of the 34 previously positive cases (82.3%). In immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-treated patients, the median overall survival reached 22.3 months [95% CI 19.4 months- not reached (NR)] for HPV-negative and was not reached in HPV-positive (HPV+) ones (95% CI 27.7-NR; P = 0.008). With regard to progression-free survival, HPV- patients reached a median of 9.2 months (95% CI 7.9-11.2 months) compared to 14.3 months (95% CI 13.8-16.4 months) when HPV was positive (P = 0.001). The overall response rate for HPV+ patients yielded 82.4% compared to 47.1% in negative ones. No differences regarding programmed death-ligand 1, VEGF, HIF1, stromal fibrosis, or immunoscore were identified. CONCLUSIONS In patients with HPV+ lung adenocarcinoma, a significant benefit in overall response and survival outcomes is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rojas
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia; Oncology Department, Clinica Colsanitas, Bogotá, Colombia; Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (FOX-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia; Clinical and Traslational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - D Mayorga
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia; Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (FOX-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - A Ruiz-Patiño
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia; Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (FOX-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - J Rodríguez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia; Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (FOX-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - A F Cardona
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia; Oncology Department, Clinica Colsanitas, Bogotá, Colombia; Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (FOX-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia; Clinical and Traslational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - P Archila
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia; Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (FOX-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - J Avila
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia; Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (FOX-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M Bravo
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia; Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (FOX-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - L Ricaurte
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia; Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (FOX-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia; Pathology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - C Sotelo
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia; Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (FOX-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - O Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México
| | - Z L Zatarain-Barrón
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México
| | - H Carranza
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia; Oncology Department, Clinica Colsanitas, Bogotá, Colombia; Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (FOX-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia; Clinical and Traslational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - J Otero
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia; Oncology Department, Clinica Colsanitas, Bogotá, Colombia; Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (FOX-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia; Clinical and Traslational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - C Vargas
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia; Oncology Department, Clinica Colsanitas, Bogotá, Colombia; Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (FOX-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia; Clinical and Traslational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - F Barrón
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México
| | - L Corrales
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro de Investigación y Manejo del Cáncer - CIMCA, San José, Costa Rica
| | - C Martín
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Alexander Fleming Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Recondo
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L E Pino
- Clinical Oncology Department, Institute of Oncology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M A Bermudez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia; Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (FOX-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - T Gamez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia; Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (FOX-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - C Ordoñez-Reyes
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia; Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (FOX-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - V C de Lima
- Medical Oncology Department, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Oncologia D'Or, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H Freitas
- Medical Oncology Department, Thoracic Oncology Section, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Santoyo
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia; Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (FOX-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - U Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - A Russo
- Medical Oncology Unit, A.O. Papardo, Messina, Italy
| | - C Rolfo
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Center, Mount Sinai Hospital System & Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - R Rosell
- Coyote Research Group, Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Quiron-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació en Ciències Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
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14
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Huang J, Xu Z, Teh BM, Zhou C, Yuan Z, Shi Y, Shen Y. Construction of a necroptosis-related lncRNA signature to predict the prognosis and immune microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24480. [PMID: 35522142 PMCID: PMC9169178 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have determined that necroptosis‐related genes are potential biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Herein, we established a novel risk model based on necroptosis‐related lncRNAs (nrlncRNAs) to predict the prognosis of HNSCC patients. Methods Transcriptome and related information were obtained from TCGA database, and an nrlncRNA signature was established based on univariate Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression. Kaplan–Meier analysis and time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to evaluate the model, and a nomogram for survival prediction was established. Gene set enrichment analysis, immune analysis, drug sensitivity analysis, correlation with N6‐methylandenosin (m6A), and tumor stemness analysis were performed. Furthermore, the entire set was divided into two clusters for further discussion. Results A novel signature was established with six nrlncRNAs. The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) for 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival (OS) were 0.699, 0.686, and 0.645, respectively. Patients in low‐risk group and cluster 2 had a better prognosis, more immune cell infiltration, higher immune function activity, and higher immune scores; however, patients in high‐risk group and cluster 1 were more sensitive to chemotherapy. Moreover, the risk score had negative correlation with m6A‐related gene expression and tumor stemness. Conclusion According to this study, we constructed a novel signature with nrlncRNA pairs to predict the survival of HNSCC patients and guide immunotherapy and chemotherapy. This may possibly promote the development of individualized and precise treatment for HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziqian Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Mei Teh
- Department of Ear Nose and Throat, Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chongchang Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhechen Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunbin Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Starzer AM, Heller G, Tomasich E, Melchardt T, Feldmann K, Hatziioannou T, Traint S, Minichsdorfer C, Schwarz-Nemec U, Nackenhorst M, Müllauer L, Preusser M, Berghoff AS, Fuereder T. DNA methylation profiles differ in responders versus non-responders to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003420. [PMID: 35338086 PMCID: PMC8961155 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers for response prediction to anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are urgently needed for a personalized therapy approach. We investigated the predictive potential of inflammatory parameters and DNA methylation profiling in patients with HNSCC treated with anti-PD-1 ICI. METHODS We identified patients with HNSCC that were treated with anti-PD-1 ICI therapy in the recurrent or metastatic setting after progression to platinum-based chemotherapy in two independent centers. We analyzed DNA methylation profiles of >850.000 CpG sites in tumor specimens of these patients by Infinium MethylationEPIC microarrays, immune cell density in the tumor microenvironment (CD8, CD3, CD45RO, forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), CD68), PD-1 and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression by immunohistochemistry, and blood inflammation markers (platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, leucocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio). DNA methylation profiles and immunological markers were bioinformatically and statistically correlated with radiological response to anti-PD-1 ICI. RESULTS 37 patients with HNSCC (median age of 62 years; range 49-83; 8 (21.6%) women, 29 (78.4%) men) were included (Center 1 N=26, 70.3%; Center 2 N=11, 29.7%). Median number of prior systemic therapies was 1 (range 1-4). Five out of 37 (13.5%) patients achieved an objective response to ICI. Median progression-free survival and median overall survival times were 3.7 months (range 0-22.9) and 9.0 months (range 0-38.8), respectively. Microarray analyses revealed a methylation signature including both hypomethylation and hypermethylation which was predictive for response to ICI and included several genes involved in cancer-related molecular pathways. Over-represented differentially methylated genes between responders and non-responders were associated with 'Axon guidance', 'Hippo signaling', 'Pathways in cancer' and 'MAPK signaling'. A statistically significant correlation of PD-L1 expression and response was present (p=0.0498). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that tumor DNA methylation profiling may be useful to predict response to ICI in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Martina Starzer
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medicine I, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Personalized Immunotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerwin Heller
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medicine I, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Personalized Immunotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tomasich
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medicine I, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Personalized Immunotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Melchardt
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Feldmann
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medicine I, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Personalized Immunotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Teresa Hatziioannou
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medicine I, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Personalized Immunotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Traint
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Minichsdorfer
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Schwarz-Nemec
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maja Nackenhorst
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonhard Müllauer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medicine I, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Personalized Immunotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Sophie Berghoff
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria .,Department of Medicine I, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Personalized Immunotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thorsten Fuereder
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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van Duijvenvoorde M, Derks S, Bahce I, Leemans CR, van de Ven R, Fransen MF. Comparison of the tumor microenvironments of squamous cell carcinoma at different anatomical locations within the upper aerodigestive tract in relation to response to ICI therapy. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1363. [PMID: 35035956 PMCID: PMC8747970 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has improved treatment outcomes in many cancer types and has focused attention on cancer immunity and the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Studies into efficacy of immunotherapy and TME are generally restricted to tumors in one anatomical location, while the histological type may have substantial influence on the contexture of the TME, perhaps more so than anatomical location, and subsequently to the response to immunotherapy. This review aims to focus on the TME in ICI‐treated tumors of the same histological type, namely carcinogen‐induced squamous cell carcinoma developing within the aerodigestive tract, at three locations, i.e. head and neck (HNSCC), esophagus (ESCC) and lung (LUSC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice van Duijvenvoorde
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam The Netherlands.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Derks
- Department of Medical Oncology Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Idris Bahce
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - C René Leemans
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Rieneke van de Ven
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Marieke F Fransen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam The Netherlands
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17
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Liu S, Bellile E, Nguyen A, Zarins K, Rozek L, Wolf GT, Sartor M. Characterization of the immune response in patients with cancer of the oral cavity after neoadjuvant immunotherapy with the IRX-2 regimen. Oral Oncol 2021; 123:105587. [PMID: 34717154 PMCID: PMC8982160 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IRX-2 is a homologous cell-derived multi-cytokine biologic with multifaceted immune modulatory effects that has been shown to induce increased lymphocyte infiltration into primary tumors in oral cavity carcinoma. Our objective was to characterize tumor immune gene expression and epigenomic changes after neoadjuvant IRX-2 immunotherapy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. METHODS A randomized phase II trial was conducted of the IRX regimen 3 weeks prior to surgery for previously untreated patients with Stage II-IV oral cavity carcinoma. The treatment regimen consisted of low dose (300 mg/m2) cyclophosphamide (day 1) followed by 10 days of regional perilymphatic IRX-2 cytokine injections and daily oral indomethacin, zinc and omeprazole (Regimen 1) compared to the identical regimen without the IRX-2 cytokines (Regimen 2). The NanoString immune panel (730 genes) and Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip were performed to assess the gene expression and DNA methylation signatures, respectively, in pre- and post-immunotherapy tumor samples. RESULTS A total of 51 and 79 immune-related genes were found upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in the samples from Regimen 1 patients after treatment, while 51 and 56 were found upregulated and downregulated in the samples for Regimen 2. When comparing the changes between the two regimens, we identified 9 genes significantly different, including DMBT1, a potential tumor suppressor, functioning in tumor invasion of head and neck cancer. The exploration of DNA methylation showed slight overall hypermethylation after treatment in both regimens, especially for Regimen 1 immune responders, and methylation-based cell type deconvolution demonstrated high concordance with tumor infiltrating T lymphocyte cell counts. CONCLUSION While a consistent patient response after treatment was observed, most changes were similar between regimens, indicating a subtle, targeted, or patient-specific effect of IRX-2 cytokines. Change in DMBT1 expression was a unique finding that will require further study to better understand its significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Emily Bellile
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ariane Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Katie Zarins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Corresponding authors: To whom correspondence should be addressed: Laura Rozek, Address: 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; ; Gregory Wolf, Address: 1903 Taubman, Box 5312, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; ; Maureen Sartor, Address: 100 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
| | - Gregory T. Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Corresponding authors: To whom correspondence should be addressed: Laura Rozek, Address: 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; ; Gregory Wolf, Address: 1903 Taubman, Box 5312, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; ; Maureen Sartor, Address: 100 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
| | - Maureen Sartor
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Corresponding authors: To whom correspondence should be addressed: Laura Rozek, Address: 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; ; Gregory Wolf, Address: 1903 Taubman, Box 5312, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; ; Maureen Sartor, Address: 100 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
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Zhou C, Wang S, Shen Z, Shen Y, Li Q, Shen Y, Huang J, Deng H, Ye D, Zhan G, Li J. Construction of an m6A-related lncRNA pair prognostic signature and prediction of the immune landscape in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 36:e24113. [PMID: 34783061 PMCID: PMC8761472 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mounting evidence indicates that aberrantly expressed N6‐methylandenosine (m6A) modification regulators and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) influence the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the prognosis of m6A‐related lncRNA (mrlncRNA) in HNSCC has not yet been evaluated. Methods We retrieved transcriptome, somatic mutation, and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and established a differently expressed mrlncRNA (DEmrlncRNA) pair signature based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression and multivariate Cox analyses. Each sample's risk score was computed premised on the signature, which accurately classified patients into low‐ and high‐risk group by the cut‐off point. The signature was evaluated from the perspective of survival, clinicopathological characteristics, tumor mutation burden (TMB), immune cell infiltration, efficacy of chemotherapeutics, tumor immune microenvironment, and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)‐related genes. Results 11 DEmrlncRNA pairs were identified and were used to construct the prediction signature. Kaplan–Meier plotter revealed a worse prognosis in high‐risk patients over low‐risk patients (log rank p < 0.001). According to multivariate Cox regression analysis, the hazard ratio of the risk score and 95% confidence interval of 1.722 and (1.488–1.992) (p < 0.001) were obtained. Furthermore, an increased risk score was associated with aggressive clinicopathological features, specific tumor immune infiltration status, increased expression of ICI‐related genes, higher TMB, and higher chemotherapeutics sensitivity (all p < 0.05). Conclusion This research demonstrated that the signature premised on DEmrlncRNA pairs was an efficient independent prognostic indicator and may provide a rationale for research on immunotherapeutic and chemotherapeutics strategies for HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongchang Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryNingbo Medical Center Lihuili HospitalNingboChina
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryLihuili Hospital affiliated to Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Shumin Wang
- Department of StomatologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryNingbo Medical Center Lihuili HospitalNingboChina
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryLihuili Hospital affiliated to Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Yiming Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryLihuili Hospital affiliated to Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryNingbo Medical Center Lihuili HospitalNingboChina
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryLihuili Hospital affiliated to Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryNingbo Medical Center Lihuili HospitalNingboChina
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryLihuili Hospital affiliated to Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Juntao Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryNingbo Medical Center Lihuili HospitalNingboChina
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryLihuili Hospital affiliated to Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Hongxia Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryNingbo Medical Center Lihuili HospitalNingboChina
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryLihuili Hospital affiliated to Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Dong Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryNingbo Medical Center Lihuili HospitalNingboChina
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryLihuili Hospital affiliated to Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Guowen Zhan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryNingbo Yinzhou Second HospitalNingboChina
| | - Jinyun Li
- Department of Oncology and HematologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
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19
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Qiao Y, Liu C, Zhang X, Zhou Q, Li Y, Xu Y, Gao Z, Xu Y, Kong L, Yang A, Mei M, Ren Y, Wang X, Zhou X. PD-L2 based immune signature confers poor prognosis in HNSCC. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1947569. [PMID: 34377590 PMCID: PMC8344752 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1947569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PD-L2 expression is an important predictor of anti-PD-1 therapy efficacy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, whether the PD-L2-based immune signature can serve as a prognostic biomarker for patients with HNSCC remains unclear. Here, we reported that PD-L2 was positively stained in 62.7% of tumors, which was more than twice as that of PD-L1, and in 61.4% of patients with PD-L1-negative tumors. Survival tree analysis (STA) revealed that PD-L2high was an independent predictor of poor overall survival (OS). Six patterns were generated from STA, demonstrating that patients with PD-L2lowCD3high were associated with an improved median OS of 72 months and prognostic index (PI) of -3.95 (95% CI, -5.14 to -2.76), whereas patients with PD-L2highCD3lowCD8low to a median OS of 10 months and PI of 1.43 (95% CI, 0.56 to 2.30). Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing showed that PD-L2 expression was associated with IL-6 expression. We confirmed that IL-6 augments PD-L2 expression in HNSCC cell lines. The PD-L2-based immune signature can serve as an effective biomarker for anti-PD-1 therapy. In addition, PD-L2 may serve as a potential immunotherapeutic target, and we propose anti-IL6 therapy in the adjuvant setting for patients with HNSCC with high PD-L2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qiao
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yatian Li
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yini Xu
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyue Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiqi Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingping Kong
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Aifeng Yang
- Department of Second General Surgery, Shuangyashan People's Hospital, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mei Mei
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
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20
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Wang H, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Zheng Z, Liu S, Liu Z, Meng L, Xin Y, Jiang X. Immunotherapy Advances in Locally Advanced and Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Relationship With Human Papillomavirus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652054. [PMID: 34305889 PMCID: PMC8296140 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) account for the most cases of HNC. Past smoking and alcohol consumption are common risk factors of HNSCC; however, an increasing number of cases associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have been reported in recent years. The treatment of HNSCC is integrated and multimodal including traditional surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Since pembrolizumab was approved in 2016, an increasing number of studies have focused on immunotherapy. However, not all of HNSCC patients have a better outcome on immunotherapy. Immunotherapy has been reported to be more effective in HPV-positive patients, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. Some researchers have proposed that the high proportion of infiltrating immune cells in HPV-positive tumors and the difference in immune checkpoint expression level may be the reasons for their better response. As a result, a series of individualized immunotherapy trials have also been conducted in HPV-positive patients. This paper summarizes the current status of HNSCC immunotherapy, individualized immunotherapy in HPV-positive patients, and immune differences in HPV-positive tumors to provide new insights into HNSCC immunotherapy and try to identify patients who may benefit from immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qihe Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zijing Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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21
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Jiang YT, Chen KH, Yang J, Liang ZG, Qu S, Li L, Zhu XD. Establishment of a Prognostic Nomogram for Patients With Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Incorporating TNM Stage, Post-Induction Chemotherapy Tumor Volume and Epstein-Barr Virus DNA Load. Front Oncol 2021; 11:683475. [PMID: 34222003 PMCID: PMC8242239 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.683475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To establish and validate an effective nomogram to predict clinical outcomes for patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC). Materials and Methods The clinicopathological parameters and follow-up information of 402 locoregionally advanced NPC patients (training cohort, n = 302; validation cohort, n = 100) were retrospectively enrolled. The nomogram was built with the important prognostic variables identified by Cox regression analysis. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were the primary and secondary endpoints, respectively. The predictive power and clinical utility of the nomogram were assessed using the Harrell concordance index (C-index), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. We compared the eighth staging system model with the nomogram to analyze whether the model could improve the accuracy of prognosis Results Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA load, the gross tumor volume (GTVnx), and cervical lymph node tumor volume (GTVnd) after induction chemotherapy were the independent predictors of OS and PFS. The calibration curves indicated superb agreement between the nomogram-predicted probabilities and observed actual probabilities of survival. The C-index and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of the nomogram integrating these significant factors and N stage, and TNM stage were higher than those of the eighth TNM system alone. In addition, the decision curve analyses demonstrated the clinical value and higher overall net benefit of the nomogram. High-risk groups identified by the nomogram had significantly poorer OS and PFS than the low-risk group (p < 0.05). Conclusions The multidimensional nomogram incorporating TNM stage, EBV DNA load, and tumor volume after induction chemotherapy led to a more precise prognostic prediction and could be helpful for stratifying risk and guiding treatment decisions in locoregionally advanced NPC patients who have undergone induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Kai-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Zhong-Guo Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Song Qu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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22
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Mulder FJ, Klufah F, Janssen FME, Farshadpour F, Willems SM, de Bree R, zur Hausen A, van den Hout MFCM, Kremer B, Speel EJM. Presence of Human Papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr Virus, but Absence of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus, in Head and Neck Cancer of Non-Smokers and Non-Drinkers. Front Oncol 2021; 10:560434. [PMID: 33552950 PMCID: PMC7855709 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.560434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the presence and prognostic value of human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), and cell cycle proteins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) of non-smokers and non-drinkers (NSND). METHODS Clinical characteristics and tumors of 119 NSND with HNSCC were retrospectively collected and analyzed on tissue microarrays. RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) was used to screen for the presence of HPV and MCPyV mRNA. Immunohistochemistry was performed for expression of p16 as surrogate marker for HPV, Large T-antigen for MCPyV, and cell cycle proteins p53 and pRb. Positive virus results were confirmed with polymerase chain reaction. For EBV, EBV encoded RNA ISH was performed. Differences in 5-year survival between virus positive and negative tumors were determined by log rank analysis. RESULTS All oropharyngeal tumors (OPSCC) (n = 10) were HPV-positive, in addition to one oral (OSCC) and one nasopharyngeal tumor (NPSCC). The other three NPSCC were EBV-positive. MCPyV was not detected. Patients with HPV or EBV positive tumors did not have a significantly better 5-year disease free or overall survival. Over 70% of virus negative OSCC showed mutant-type p53 expression. CONCLUSION In this cohort, all OPSCC and NPSCC showed HPV or EBV presence. Besides one OSCC, all other oral (n = 94), hypopharyngeal (n = 1), and laryngeal (n = 9) tumors were HPV, EBV, and MCPyV negative. This argues against a central role of these viruses in the ethiopathogenesis of tumors outside the oro- and nasopharynx in NSND. So, for the majority of NSND with virus negative OSCC, more research is needed to understand the carcinogenic mechanisms in order to consider targeted therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans J. Mulder
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Faisal Klufah
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Famke M. E. Janssen
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan M. Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Axel zur Hausen
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mari F. C. M. van den Hout
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bernd Kremer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ernst-Jan M. Speel
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
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23
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Kågedal Å, Margolin G, Held C, da Silva PFN, Piersiala K, Munck-Wikland E, Jacobsson H, Häyry V, Cardell LO. A Novel Sentinel Lymph Node Approach in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:3834-3839. [PMID: 32053068 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200213100750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occult metastases are common in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) which is why elective neck dissection, adjuvant radiotherapy or watchful waiting have been treatment options after surgical removal of the primary tumour. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has lately emerged as a novel possibility in treatment planning. OBJECTIVES To establish a reliable and clinically useful protocol for SLNB in staging/elective neck dissection in oral cancer. METHODS Fourteen consecutive patients with T1-T2 N0 oral cancer were enrolled when scheduled for elective neck dissection. RESULTS This study outlines various techniques for improving SLNB in head and neck cancer. After evaluation, a combination of techniques was found to constitute a reliable, clinically adaptable work concept. The suggested procedure starts with the pre-surgical injection of radioactive technetium 99Tcm carried on tilmanocept (Lymphoseek ®) at the tumour site. The radioactivity in the lymph node is then visualized preoperatively with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT/CT). Intraoperatively, indocyanine green (ICG) is injected and a sentinel node is visualized with near-infrared light. To support the sentinel node detection, the surgeon uses a hand-held gamma detection probe. This approach results in a reproducible and reliable detection of sentinel nodes. CONCLUSION This paper presents a novel protocol for the identification of the sentinel node in the head and neck region. The protocol additionally enables the use of flow cytometry analysis of resected lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Kågedal
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gregori Margolin
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cornelia Held
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pedro F N da Silva
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Krzysztof Piersiala
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Munck-Wikland
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Jacobsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valtteri Häyry
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars O Cardell
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Exosomes in head and neck cancer: Roles, mechanisms and applications. Cancer Lett 2020; 494:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Evrard D, Hourseau M, Couvelard A, Paradis V, Gauthier H, Raymond E, Halimi C, Barry B, Faivre S. PD-L1 expression in the microenvironment and the response to checkpoint inhibitors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1844403. [PMID: 33299655 PMCID: PMC7714503 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1844403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), data from studies using checkpoint-inhibiting antibodies that target programmed death 1 (PD-1) or its ligand the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) demonstrated outstanding clinical activity. Translational investigations also suggested some correlations between therapeutic response and PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue. We comprehensively summarize results that have evaluated PD-L1 expression in HNSCC. We discuss flaws and strength of current PD-1/PD-L1 detection, quantification methods and the evaluation of PD-L1 as a prognostic and theragnostic biomarker. Understanding tumor microenvironment may help understanding resistance to checkpoint inhibitors, designing clinical trials that can exploit drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Evrard
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - M Hourseau
- Pathology Department, Bichat Hospital, Paris 7 University, Paris, France
| | - A Couvelard
- Pathology Department, Bichat Hospital, Paris 7 University, Paris, France
| | - V Paradis
- Pathology Department, Beaujon Hospital, Paris 7 University, Paris, France
| | - H Gauthier
- Medical Oncology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris 7 University, Paris, France
| | - E Raymond
- Medical Oncology Department, Paris-St Joseph Hospital, Paris, France
| | - C Halimi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - B Barry
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - S Faivre
- Medical Oncology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris 7 University, Paris, France
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26
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Qiao XW, Jiang J, Pang X, Huang MC, Tang YJ, Liang XH, Tang YL. The Evolving Landscape of PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway in Head and Neck Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1721. [PMID: 33072064 PMCID: PMC7531035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 10 years, cancer immunotherapy has made significant progress in multiple cancer types and has been gradually been applied to clinical cancer care, in which the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway is one of the most attractive targets. Compared with traditional therapies, the emerging PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy exhibited more satisfactory curative effects and lower toxicity for patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This review analyzes the expression characteristics and clinical significance of PD-1/PD-L1 in HNSCC, the immunosuppressive roles of tumor cell and stromal cell expressing PD-1/PD-L1 in this disease, and presents the development landscape of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, which may provide new curative alternatives for recurrent or metastatic HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Wei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei-Chang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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27
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Squarzanti DF, Zavattaro E, Pizzimenti S, Amoruso A, Savoia P, Azzimonti B. Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: news from microbiota research. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:433-449. [PMID: 32692305 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1794792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, research has been deeply focusing on the role of the microbiota in numerous diseases, either affecting the skin or other organs. What it is well established is that its dysregulation promotes several cutaneous disorders (i.e. psoriasis and atopic dermatitis). To date, little is known about its composition, mediators and role in the genesis, progression and response to therapy of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC). Starting from a bibliographic study, we classified the selected articles into four sections: i) normal skin microbiota; ii) in vitro study models; iii) microbiota and NMSC and iv) probiotics, antibiotics and NMSC. What has emerged is how skin microflora changes, mainly represented by increases of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, modifications in the mutual quantity of β-Human papillomavirus genotypes, of Epstein Barr Virus and Malassezia or candidiasis, may contribute to the induction of a state of chronic self-maintaining inflammation, leading to cancer. In this context, the role of S. aureus and that of specific antimicrobial peptides look to be prominent. Moreover, although antibiotics may contribute to carcinogenesis, due to their ability to influence the microbiota balance, specific probiotics, such as Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 and Bifidobacteria spp., may be protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Francesca Squarzanti
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), DiSS, UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Zavattaro
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Stefania Pizzimenti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences (DSCB), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Paola Savoia
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), DiSS, UPO, Novara, Italy
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28
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Liao L, Chen W, Lai H, Yi X, Wang D. Prognostic nomogram based on immune scores for laryngeal squamous cell cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 278:141-148. [PMID: 32638085 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immune scores have been used as a prognostic factor for various types of cancer. However, the association between immune scores and the prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC) has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to explore the prognostic significance of immune scores and construct a clinical nomogram to predict the survival of patients with LSCC. METHODS The clinicopathological characteristics and immune scores of 102 patients with LSCC were obtained from TCGA database and a nomogram was developed. C-index and calibration curves were applied to assess the performance of the model. RESULTS Patients with higher immune scores had significantly better overall survival (OS). The prognostic nomogram presented a good performance in survival prediction. CONCLUSIONS High immune scores are correlated with improved OS in patients with LSCC. In addition, the nomogram developed for this study may assist clinicians in the prognostic evaluation of patients with LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianming Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29# Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Haichun Lai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29# Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xuehan Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29# Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Desheng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29# Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
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29
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The Microenvironment of Head and Neck Cancers: Papillomavirus Involvement and Potential Impact of Immunomodulatory Treatments. Head Neck Pathol 2020; 14:330-340. [PMID: 32124416 PMCID: PMC7235119 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progression can be understood as the result of deregulation of tumors' immune microenvironments. Recent studies of the alterations of microenvironments highlight their significant influence on the prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). It is necessary to better characterize tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes by focusing, in particular, on the tumor escape mechanisms from immune surveillance. One of the best described tumor immune system evasion mechanisms is the expression of co-stimulation molecules that constitute so-called "immune checkpoints". These molecules regulate the immune response by either activating or inhibiting its effects. The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) surface protein is an inhibitory co-stimulation molecule that induces exhaustion of activated T-lymphocytes (TLs, T cells) through binding with its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. Half of HNSCCs exhibit PD-L1 expression with higher expression identified in human papillomavirus (HPV) positive tumors. Numerous studies have shown differences between the microenvironments of HPV+ and HPV- cancers. Notably, infiltrations of exhausted CD4+ PD1+ and CD8+ PD1+ T cells are far higher in the microenvironment of HPV+ tumors. The FDA has approved the use of molecules that target PD-1 for the treatment of HNSCC. The first results of clinical trials with anti-PD-1 blockers in HNSCC show improved patient survival, particularly long-term survival without recurrence. However, discordant results were sometimes observed, and improvements in defining cellular predictive markers are necessary. With the development of immunotherapies, pathologists play a role in the selection of patients who are eligible for specific treatments and assessment of their prognosis in greater detail. An automated, quantitative in situ imaging system that integrates both multispectral imaging and automated slide scanning could be developed in pathology laboratories. The evaluation of PD-L1 expression has only been used to stratify the administration of first-line immunotherapy. The validation of these tests and their routine interpretation is essential. No specific recommendation is adopted for HPV+ HNSCC.
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30
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Humanized Mice as an Effective Evaluation System for Peptide Vaccines and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246337. [PMID: 31888191 PMCID: PMC6940818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide vaccination was developed for the prevention and therapy of acute and chronic infectious diseases and cancer. However, vaccine development is challenging, because the patient immune system requires the appropriate human leukocyte antigen (HLA) recognition with the peptide. Moreover, antigens sometimes induce a low response, even if the peptide is presented by antigen-presenting cells and T cells recognize it. This is because the patient immunity is dampened or restricted by environmental factors. Even if the immune system responds appropriately, newly-developed immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which are used to increase the immune response against cancer, make the immune environment more complex. The ICIs may activate T cells, although the ratio of responsive patients is not high. However, the vaccine may induce some immune adverse effects in the presence of ICIs. Therefore, a system is needed to predict such risks. Humanized mouse systems possessing human immune cells have been developed to examine human immunity in vivo. One of the systems which uses transplanted human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may become a new diagnosis strategy. Various humanized mouse systems are being developed and will become good tools for the prediction of antibody response and immune adverse effects.
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31
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Downes MR, Slodkowska E, Katabi N, Jungbluth AA, Xu B. Inter- and intraobserver agreement of programmed death ligand 1 scoring in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma and breast carcinoma. Histopathology 2019; 76:191-200. [PMID: 31243779 DOI: 10.1111/his.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression by tumour cells (TC) is a mechanism for tumour immune escape through down-regulation of antitumour T cell responses and is a target for immunotherapy. PD-L1 status as a predictor of treatment response has led to the development of multiple biomarkers with different reference cut-offs. We assessed pathologist consistency in evaluating PD-L1 immunopositivity by examining the inter- and intraobserver agreement using various antibody clones and different cancer types. METHODS AND RESULTS PD-L1 expression in TC and immune cells (IC) was manually scored in 27 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC), 30 urothelial carcinoma (UC) and breast carcinoma (BC) using three commercial clones (SP263, SP142, 22C3) and one platform-independent test (E1L3N). For interobserver agreement, PD-L1 status was evaluated blindly by three pathologists. For intraobserver agreement, PD-L1 expression was re-evaluated following a wash-out period. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), overall percentage agreement (OPA) and κ-values were calculated. Using clinical algorithms, the percentage of PD-L1-positive cases in HSCC, BC and UC were 15-81%, 47-67% and 7-43%, respectively. The percentage of PD-L1 positive cases relied heavily on the algorithm/cut-off values used. Almost perfect interobserver agreement was achieved using SP263 and E1L3N in HSCC, 22C3, SP142 and E1L3N in BC and 22C3 in UC. The SP142 clone in UC and HSCC showed moderate agreement and was associated with lower ICC and decreased intraobserver concordance. CONCLUSIONS Excellent inter- and intraobserver agreement can be achieved using SP263, 22C3 and E1L3N, whereas PD-L1 scoring using SP142 clone is associated with a higher level of subjectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Downes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elzbieta Slodkowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nora Katabi
- Dpartment of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Achim A Jungbluth
- Dpartment of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Xu
- Dpartment of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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32
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Alsahafi E, Begg K, Amelio I, Raulf N, Lucarelli P, Sauter T, Tavassoli M. Clinical update on head and neck cancer: molecular biology and ongoing challenges. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:540. [PMID: 31308358 PMCID: PMC6629629 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are an aggressive, genetically complex and difficult to treat group of cancers. In lieu of truly effective targeted therapies, surgery and radiotherapy represent the primary treatment options for most patients. But these treatments are associated with significant morbidity and a reduction in quality of life. Resistance to both radiotherapy and the only available targeted therapy, and subsequent relapse are common. Research has therefore focussed on identifying biomarkers to stratify patients into clinically meaningful groups and to develop more effective targeted therapies. However, as we are now discovering, the poor response to therapy and aggressive nature of HNSCCs is not only affected by the complex alterations in intracellular signalling pathways but is also heavily influenced by the behaviour of the extracellular microenvironment. The HNSCC tumour landscape is an environment permissive of these tumours' aggressive nature, fostered by the actions of the immune system, the response to tumour hypoxia and the influence of the microbiome. Solving these challenges now rests on expanding our knowledge of these areas, in parallel with a greater understanding of the molecular biology of HNSCC subtypes. This update aims to build on our earlier 2014 review by bringing up to date our understanding of the molecular biology of HNSCCs and provide insights into areas of ongoing research and perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Alsahafi
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Katheryn Begg
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Nina Raulf
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Philippe Lucarelli
- Faculté des Sciences, de La Technologie et de La Communication, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue Du Swing, Belvaux, 4367, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Sauter
- Faculté des Sciences, de La Technologie et de La Communication, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue Du Swing, Belvaux, 4367, Luxembourg
| | - Mahvash Tavassoli
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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Wang HF, Wang SS, Huang MC, Liang XH, Tang YJ, Tang YL. Targeting Immune-Mediated Dormancy: A Promising Treatment of Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:498. [PMID: 31297335 PMCID: PMC6607988 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated dormancy is when the immune system keeps proliferating tumor cells unchanged, mostly via cytotoxic activity of immune cells. Cancer dormancy, especially immune-mediated dormancy, may be the explanation for tumor refractory and may be responsible for resistance to conventional chemo- and radiotherapies. Here, we will describe different scenarios as to how the immune cells and cytokines involved in cancer progression are connected with the initiation of dormancy and cancer treatment. Two distinct treatment methods, such as maintaining metastatic tumor cells dormant and awakening them, are also discussed. A better understanding of immune-mediated dormancy will help to design novel and effective immunotherapies and will likely increase the efficiency of tumor treatment inhibiting metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei-Chang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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34
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Shen X, Zhang L, Li J, Li Y, Wang Y, Xu ZX. Recent Findings in the Regulation of Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1337. [PMID: 31258527 PMCID: PMC6587331 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With the recent approvals for the application of monoclonal antibodies that target the well-characterized immune checkpoints, immune therapy shows great potential against both solid and hematologic tumors. The use of these therapeutic monoclonal antibodies elicits inspiring clinical results with durable objective responses and improvements in overall survival. Agents targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1; also known as PDCD1) and its ligand (PD-L1) achieve a great success in immune checkpoints therapy. However, the majority of patients fail to respond to PD-1/PD-L1 axis inhibitors. Expression of PD-L1 on the membrane of tumor and immune cells has been shown to be associated with enhanced objective response rates to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition. Thus, an improved understanding of how PD-L1 expression is regulated will enable us to better define its role as a predictive marker. In this review, we summarize recent findings in the regulation of PD-L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jicheng Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yulin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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35
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Jagadeeshan S, Prasad M, Ortiz-Cuaran S, Gregoire V, Saintigny P, Elkabets M. Adaptive Responses to Monotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer: Interventions for Rationale-Based Therapeutic Combinations. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:365-390. [PMID: 31208698 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Most Phase II and III clinical trials in head and neck cancer (HNC) combine two or more treatment modalities, which are based, in part, on knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of innate and acquired resistance to monotherapy. In this review, we describe the range of tumor-cell autonomously derived (intrinsic) and tumor-microenvironment-derived (extrinsic) acquired-resistance mechanisms to various FDA-approved monotherapies for HNC. Specifically, we describe how tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) respond to radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy (cetuximab), and immunotherapies [programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors] and adapt to the selective pressure of these monotherapies. Due to the diversity of adaptive responses to monotherapy, monitoring the response to treatment in patients is critical to understand the path that leads to resistance and to guide the optimal therapeutic drug combinations in the clinical setting. We envisage that applying such a rationale-based therapeutic strategy will improve treatment efficacy in HNC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Jagadeeshan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Manu Prasad
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Sandra Ortiz-Cuaran
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Vincent Gregoire
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France; Department of Radiation Therapy, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Pierre Saintigny
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
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36
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Wang HF, Wang SS, Tang YJ, Chen Y, Zheng M, Tang YL, Liang XH. The Double-Edged Sword-How Human Papillomaviruses Interact With Immunity in Head and Neck Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:653. [PMID: 31001266 PMCID: PMC6454067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have remarkably better prognosis, which differs from HPV-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) with respect to clinical, genomic, molecular, and immunological aspects, especially having the characteristics of high levels of immune cell infiltration and high degrees of immunosuppression. This review will summarize immune evasion mechanisms in HPV-positive HNSCC, analyze the host various immune responses to HPV and abundant numbers of infiltrating immune cell, and discuss the differences between HPV-positive HNSCC with cervical cancer. A deeper understanding of the immune landscape will help new concepts to emerge in immune-checkpoint oncology, which might be a valuable add-on to established concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
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37
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Wolkow N, Jakobiec FA, Afrogheh AH, Eagle RC, Pai SI, Faquin WC. Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1 and Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Are Expressed in Conjunctival Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Therapeutic Implications. Am J Ophthalmol 2019; 200:226-241. [PMID: 30633894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Novel cancer immunotherapies, called immune checkpoint inhibitors, have demonstrated clinical efficacy in the treatment of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Tissue expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2) has been shown to predict tumor response to these drugs. We examine the expression of prognostic immune biomarkers, PD-L1 and PD-L2, in invasive ocular surface squamous neoplasia. DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS Eighteen cases of ocular surface or ocular adnexal invasive squamous cell carcinomas were identified in pathology case files of the Massachusetts General Hospital/Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and at the Wills Eye Hospital accessioned between January 1, 2014 and January 1, 2017. Immunohistochemical staining for PD-L1, PD-L2, CD8, and p16 was performed and graded in a standardized fashion. RESULTS PD-L1 and PD-L2 were expressed on tumor cells to varying degrees, and also on some stromal cells and endothelial cells. Stromal and endothelial cell expression was also seen in control conjunctival specimens. Tumor expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 was present on the cell membranes. All 18 (100%) of the tumors expressed PD-L1: 7 (39%) expressed a high level, 3 (17%) expressed a medium level, and 8 (44%) expressed a low level. Only 9 (50%) tumors expressed PD-L2 and it was at a low level. The expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells correlated with the presence of CD8-positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes among tumor cells (P < .01) and with the presence of CD8-positive cells in the surrounding stroma (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS A subset of ocular invasive conjunctival squamous carcinomas express high levels of PD-L1 and CD8 and therefore may respond therapeutically to immune checkpoint inhibition.
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Hamada T, Nowak JA, Milner DA, Song M, Ogino S. Integration of microbiology, molecular pathology, and epidemiology: a new paradigm to explore the pathogenesis of microbiome-driven neoplasms. J Pathol 2019; 247:615-628. [PMID: 30632609 PMCID: PMC6509405 DOI: 10.1002/path.5236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) is an integrative transdisciplinary field that addresses heterogeneous effects of exogenous and endogenous factors (collectively termed 'exposures'), including microorganisms, on disease occurrence and consequences, utilising molecular pathological signatures of the disease. In parallel with the paradigm of precision medicine, findings from MPE research can provide aetiological insights into tailored strategies of disease prevention and treatment. Due to the availability of molecular pathological tests on tumours, the MPE approach has been utilised predominantly in research on cancers including breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal carcinomas. Mounting evidence indicates that the microbiome (inclusive of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites) plays an important role in a variety of human diseases including neoplasms. An alteration of the microbiome may be not only a cause of neoplasia but also an informative biomarker that indicates or mediates the association of an epidemiological exposure with health conditions and outcomes. To adequately educate and train investigators in this emerging area, we herein propose the integration of microbiology into the MPE model (termed 'microbiology-MPE'), which could improve our understanding of the complex interactions of environment, tumour cells, the immune system, and microbes in the tumour microenvironment during the carcinogenic process. Using this approach, we can examine how lifestyle factors, dietary patterns, medications, environmental exposures, and germline genetics influence cancer development and progression through impacting the microbial communities in the human body. Further integration of other disciplines (e.g. pharmacology, immunology, nutrition) into microbiology-MPE would expand this developing research frontier. With the advent of high-throughput next-generation sequencing technologies, researchers now have increasing access to large-scale metagenomics as well as other omics data (e.g. genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) in population-based research. The integrative field of microbiology-MPE will open new opportunities for personalised medicine and public health. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Department of Pathology Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danny A Milner
- American Society for Clinical Pathology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Weber M, Wehrhan F, Baran C, Agaimy A, Büttner-Herold M, Kesting M, Ries J. Prognostic significance of PD-L2 expression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma-A comparison to the PD-L1 expression profile. Cancer Med 2019; 8:1124-1134. [PMID: 30659749 PMCID: PMC6434218 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the observed association of increased PD-L1 expression in peripheral blood of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients with histomorphologic parameters, the role of the PD1 ligands-PD-L1 and PD-L2-is insufficiently understood. Aim of the study was to investigate whether the alterations of PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in blood are associated with survival and could serve as immune monitoring parameter. Moreover, it should be analyzed if PD-L2 is differentially expressed in tissue and blood samples of OSCC patients compared to healthy controls and if there is an association of PD-L2 expression with histomorphologic and prognostic tumor parameters. METHODS PD-L2 mRNA expression was analyzed in tumors and healthy oral mucosa specimens and in corresponding peripheral blood samples of 48 OSCC patients and 26 healthy controls using RT-qPCR. A cutoff point (COP) was determined and a chi-square test (χ2 test) was carried out. Survival analysis of PD-L2 and previously reported PD-L1 expression data was performed using Kaplan-Meier analysis (Log-rank test). RESULTS PD-L2 expression in tissue samples was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in OSCC patients compared to healthy controls. A significant association of PD-L2 expression above the COP (positive) with malignancy was ascertained (P < 0.001). A significant (P = 0.01) association of previously reported PD-L1 expression rates in peripheral blood with survival could be shown. CONCLUSION Peripheral blood PD-L1 expression might be a prognostic marker for OSCC patients and a possible parameter to monitor immune dysfunction in malign diseases. In the peripheral blood, PD-L1 might be more relevant for immune tolerance than PD-L2. Local PD-L2 expression in tissue samples might be useful as a diagnostic parameter for malignancy and could contribute to the immunosuppressive local microenvironment in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Weber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Wehrhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Baran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Kesting
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jutta Ries
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Englinger B, Pirker C, Heffeter P, Terenzi A, Kowol CR, Keppler BK, Berger W. Metal Drugs and the Anticancer Immune Response. Chem Rev 2018; 119:1519-1624. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Englinger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Pirker
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessio Terenzi
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R. Kowol
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Lin W, Chen M, Hong L, Zhao H, Chen Q. Crosstalk Between PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade and Its Combinatorial Therapies in Tumor Immune Microenvironment: A Focus on HNSCC. Front Oncol 2018; 8:532. [PMID: 30519541 PMCID: PMC6258806 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide with a poor prognosis and high mortality. More than two-thirds of HNSCC patients still have no effective control of clinical progression, and the five-year survival rate is < 50%. Moreover, patients with platinum-refractory HNSCC have a median survival of < 6 months. The significant toxicity and low survival rates of current treatment strategies highlight the necessity for new treatment modalities. Recently, a large number of studies have demonstrated that programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed cell death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1) play an essential role in tumor initiation and progression. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade has shown a desired and long-lasting therapeutic effect in the treatment of HNSCC and other malignancies. However, only a small number of patients with HNSCC can benefit from PD-1/PD-L1 blockade monotherapy, while the majority of patients do not respond. To overcome the unsatisfactory therapeutic effect of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade monotherapy, combining other treatment options for HNSCC (including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy) in the treatment scheme has become a commonly used strategy. Herein, the potential mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and its combinatorial therapies for HNSCC were reviewed, and it is hoped that the improved understanding of the crosstalk process would provide further ideas for the design of a combinatorial regimen with a higher efficiency and response rate for the treatment of HNSCC and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Le Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Reproducibility of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry interpretation across various types of genitourinary and head/neck carcinomas, antibody clones, and tissue types. Hum Pathol 2018; 82:131-139. [PMID: 30075156 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression by tumor cells is a mechanism for down-regulation of antitumor T-cell responses and is a target for immunotherapy in various cancers. PD-L1 status as a predictor of treatment response has led to the development of multiple platforms with different reference cutoffs. We studied 128 cases of genitourinary and head/neck carcinomas, aiming to assess the frequency of PD-L1 positivity, interobserver reliability of PD-L1 interpretation, and the concordance of PD-L1 scoring between small samples from tissue microarray and whole sections using SP263 and SP142 clones. No prostatic carcinoma (0/21) was PD-L1 positive compared with 15% to 24% PD-L1 positivity in urothelial carcinoma (UC), hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HP-SCC), and high-grade salivary gland carcinoma. There was substantial interobserver agreement in determining overall PD-L1 positivity in UC and HP-SCC using SP263 (κ = 0.702) and SP142 (κ = 0.757) antibodies. Subgroup analysis for both antibodies showed excellent agreement in UC (κ = 0.812 and 0.827) and moderate agreement in HP-SCC (κ = 0.469 and 0.591). Moderate to substantial agreement between tissue microarray and whole sections was achieved using SP263 (overall, κ = 0.573; UC, κ = 0.424; and HP-SCC, κ = 0.667) and SP142 (UC, κ = 0.493). PD-L1 interpretation in genitourinary and head/neck carcinomas is reliable and reproducible among pathologists and across different tissue preparations. Tumor PD-L1 staining heterogeneity may lead to discrepant PD-L1 results between small biopsies and large sections from surgical resection in a subset of tumors (19% of UC and 15% of HP-SCC). Retesting in such cases may be required to determine patient suitability for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.
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Khayami R, Toroghian Y, Bahreyni A, Bahrami A, Khazaei M, Ferns GA, Ebrahimi S, Soleimani A, Fiuji H, Avan A, Hassanian SM. Role of adenosine signaling in the pathogenesis of head and neck cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7905-7912. [PMID: 30011093 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The concentrations of adenosine may increase under ischemic conditions in the tumor microenvironment, and then it enters the systemic circulation. Adenosine controls cancer progression and responses to therapy by regulating angiogenesis, cell survival, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and metastases in tumors. Hence, adenosine metabolism, adenosine-generating enzymes, and adenosine signaling are potentially novel therapeutic targets in a wide range of pathological conditions, including cerebral and cardiac ischemic diseases, inflammatory disorders, immunomodulatory disorders, and, of special interest in this review, cancer. This review summarizes the role of adenosine in the pathogenesis of head and neck cancer for a better understanding of how this may be applied to treating this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Khayami
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Younes Toroghian
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Bahreyni
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjnad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Safieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Anvar Soleimani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Fiuji
- Department of Biochemistry, Payame-Noor University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjnad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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