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Li L, Yu D, Yang J, Zhang F, Zhang D, Lin Z, Zhai M, Wang J, Zhang T, Zhao L. Significant response to pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib in Epstein-Barr-virus-associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a case report. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2338644. [PMID: 38650446 PMCID: PMC11042061 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2338644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is poor, and there remains an urgent need to develop efficient systemic therapy. The efficacy of Pembrolizumab immunotherapy combined with lenvatinibin in iCCA is still unclear. The role of Epstein-Barr-virus (EBV) as a biomarker in iCCA for response to immunotherapy needs further exploration. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of a 60-year-old female with EBV-associated advanced iCCA (EBVaiCCA) who progressed after first-line therapy. She accomplished an available response to the combination therapy of pembrolizumab with lenvatinib, with overall survival of 20 months. CONCLUSIONS As far as we know, this is the first case report about the application of Pembrolizumab with lenvatinib for EBVaiCCA patients. This case indicates that the combination of immunotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy provides a glimmer of hope for advanced EBVaiCCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Li
- Cancer Center, Institute of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Cancer Center, Institute of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinru Yang
- Cancer Center, Institute of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhang
- Cancer Center, Institute of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- Cancer Center, Institute of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Cancer Center, Institute of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Menglan Zhai
- Cancer Center, Institute of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Cancer Center, Institute of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Cancer Center, Institute of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Cancer Center, Institute of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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2
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Xu L, Liddell B, Nesic K, Geissler F, Ashwood L, Wakefield M, Scott C, Waddell N, Kondrashova O. High-level tumour methylation of BRCA1 and RAD51C is required for homologous recombination deficiency in solid cancers. NAR Cancer 2024; 6:zcae033. [PMID: 39055334 PMCID: PMC11270467 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In ovarian and breast cancer, promoter methylation of BRCA1 or RAD51C is a promising biomarker for PARP inhibitor response, as high levels lead to homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Yet the extent and role of such methylation in other cancers is not clear. This study comprehensively investigated promoter methylation of eight homologous recombination repair genes across 23 solid cancer types. Here, we showed that BRCA1 methylated cancers were associated with reduced gene expression, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), TP53 mutations and genomic features of HRD. We identified BRCA1 methylation in 3% of the copy-number high subtype of endometrial cancer, and as a rare event in six other cancer types, including lung squamous cell, pancreatic, bladder and stomach cancer. RAD51C promoter methylation was widespread across multiple cancer types, but HRD features were only observed for cases which contained high-level tumour methylation and LOH of RAD51C. While RAD51C methylation was frequent in stomach adenocarcinoma (6%) and low-grade glioma (2.5%), it was mostly detected at a low tumour level, suggestive of heterozygous methylation, and was associated with CpG island methylator phenotype. Our findings indicate that high-level tumour methylation of BRCA1 and RAD51C should be explored as a PARP inhibitor biomarker across multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xu
- Cancer Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett Liddell
- Cancer Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ksenija Nesic
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Franziska Geissler
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren M Ashwood
- Cancer Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew J Wakefield
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Clare L Scott
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- Cancer Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Olga Kondrashova
- Cancer Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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3
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Chen Y, Di M, Tang Y, Zhao J, Wang Q, Guo Z, Li Y, Ouyang D, Yang J, Chen H, Wang Y, Weng D, Pan Q, Xiang T, Xia J. Epstein-Barr virus causes vascular abnormalities in epithelial malignancies through upregulating ANXA3-HIF-1α-VEGF pathway. Oncogene 2024; 43:2143-2159. [PMID: 38778160 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03061-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is one of the characteristics of malignant tumors, and persistent generation of abnormal tumor blood vessels is an important factor contributing to tumor treatment resistance. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a highly prevalent DNA oncogenic virus that is associated with the development of various epithelial malignancies. However, the relationship between EBV infection and tumor vascular abnormalities as well as its underlying mechanisms is still unclear. In this study, we found that compared to EBV-uninfected tumors, EBV-infected tumors were more angiogenic, but the neovascularization was mostly immature vessels without pericyte attachment in both clinical patient tumor samples and mouse xenograft models; These immature vessels exhibited aberrant functionality, characterized by poor blood perfusion and increased vascular permeability. The vascular abnormalities caused by EBV infection exacerbated tumor hypoxia and was responsible for accelerated tumor growth. Mechanistically, EBV infection upregulated ANXA3-HIF-1α-VEGF pathway. Silencing the ANXA3 gene or neutralizing ANXA3 with an antibody can diminish vascular abnormalities, thereby increasing immune cell infiltration and alleviating treatment resistance. Finally, a new therapy combining ANXA3 blockade and NK cell + PD1 antibody significantly inhibited the growth of EBV-infected xenografts in mice. In conclusion, our study identified a previously unrecognized role for EBV infection in tumor vascular abnormalities and revealed its underlying mechanism that upregulated the ANXA3-HIF-1α-VEGF pathway. ANXA3 is a potential therapeutic target for EBV-infected tumors and ANXA3 blockade to improve vascular conditions, in combination with NK cell + PD1 antibody therapy, holds promise as an effective treatment strategy for EBV-associated epithelial malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muping Di
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
- Department of UItrasonic Diagnosis, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dijun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Desheng Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuzhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jianchuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.
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4
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Shi D, Yang Z, Cai Y, Li H, Lin L, Wu D, Zhang S, Guo Q. Research advances in the molecular classification of gastric cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00951-9. [PMID: 38717722 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor with one of the lowest five-year survival rates. Traditional first-line treatment regimens, such as platinum drugs, have limited therapeutic efficacy in treating advanced GC and significant side effects, greatly reducing patient quality of life. In contrast, trastuzumab and other immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab, have demonstrated consistent and reliable efficacy in treating GC. Here, we discuss the intrinsic characteristics of GC from a molecular perspective and provide a comprehensive review of classification and treatment advances in the disease. Finally, we suggest several strategies based on the intrinsic molecular characteristics of GC to aid in overcoming clinical challenges in the development of precision medicine and improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dike Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yanna Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lele Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Shengyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Qingqu Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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5
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Tralongo P, Bakacs A, Larocca LM. EBV-Related Lymphoproliferative Diseases: A Review in Light of New Classifications. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2024; 16:e2024042. [PMID: 38882456 PMCID: PMC11178045 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2024.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a prevalent virus that can be detected in the vast majority of the population. Most people are asymptomatic and remain chronically infected throughout their lifetimes. However, in some populations, EBV has been linked to a variety of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs), such as Burkitt lymphoma, classic Hodgkin lymphoma, and other LPDs. T-cell LPDs have been linked to EBV in part of peripheral T-cell lymphomas, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas, extranodal nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphomas, and other uncommon histotypes. This article summarizes the current evidence for EBV-associated LPDs in light of the upcoming World Health Organization classification and the 2022 ICC classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Tralongo
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli"- IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Bakacs
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli"- IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Maria Larocca
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli"- IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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6
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Yarahmadi A, Zare M, Aghayari M, Afkhami H, Jafari GA. Therapeutic bacteria and viruses to combat cancer: double-edged sword in cancer therapy: new insights for future. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:239. [PMID: 38654309 PMCID: PMC11040964 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01622-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer, ranked as the second leading cause of mortality worldwide, leads to the death of approximately seven million people annually, establishing itself as one of the most significant health challenges globally. The discovery and identification of new anti-cancer drugs that kill or inactivate cancer cells without harming normal and healthy cells and reduce adverse effects on the immune system is a potential challenge in medicine and a fundamental goal in Many studies. Therapeutic bacteria and viruses have become a dual-faceted instrument in cancer therapy. They provide a promising avenue for cancer treatment, but at the same time, they also create significant obstacles and complications that contribute to cancer growth and development. This review article explores the role of bacteria and viruses in cancer treatment, examining their potential benefits and drawbacks. By amalgamating established knowledge and perspectives, this review offers an in-depth examination of the present research landscape within this domain and identifies avenues for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Yarahmadi
- Department of Biology, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mitra Zare
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Aghayari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholam Ali Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
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7
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ZHAO XUHUI, HUANG XIAOMIN, DANG CHUNYAN, WANG XIA, QI YUJIAO, LI HONGLING. The Epstein-Barr virus-miRNA-BART6-5p regulates TGF-β/SMAD4 pathway to induce glycolysis and enhance proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Oncol Res 2024; 32:999-1009. [PMID: 38686046 PMCID: PMC11055990 DOI: 10.32604/or.2024.046679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background EBV-miR-BARTs exhibit significant relevance in epithelial tumors, particularly in EBV-associated gastric and nasopharyngeal cancers. However, their specific mechanisms in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer remain insufficiently explored. Material and Methods Initially, EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p and its target gene SMAD4 expression were assessed in EBV-associated gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Subsequent transfection induced overexpression of EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p in AGS and MKN-45, and downregulation in EBV-positive cells (SUN-719). The subsequent evaluation aimed to observe their impact on gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and glycolytic processes, with the TGF-β/SMAD4 signaling pathway value clarified using a TGF-β inhibitor. Results EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p exhibits pronounced upregulation in EBV-associated gastric cancer tissues and EBV-positive cells, while its target gene SMAD4 demonstrates downregulated expression. Upregulation of it can promote the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells. Additionally, We found EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p promotes glycolysis of gastric cancer cells. Inhibition of the TGF-β/SMAD4 signaling pathway resulted in suppressed proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells, concomitant with a diminished glycolytic capacity. Conclusion In this study, we found that EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p can target SMAD4, effectively increasing glycolysis in gastric cancer cells by regulating the TGF-β/SMAD4 signaling pathway, thereby enhancing the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Our findings may offer new insights into the metabolic aspects of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- XUHUI ZHAO
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Oncology, Gansu People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - XIAOMIN HUANG
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - CHUNYAN DANG
- Department of Oncology, Gansu People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - XIA WANG
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - YUJIAO QI
- The Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - HONGLING LI
- Department of Oncology, Gansu People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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8
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Soltani S, Farahani A, Shahbahrami R, Shateri Z, Emadi MS, Pakzad R, Lotfi M, Asanjarani B, Rasti A, Erfani Y, Siri G. Investigation of Epstein-Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus, Human herpesvirus 6, and Polyoma viruses (JC virus, BK virus) among Gastric cancer patients: A cross sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2043. [PMID: 38650724 PMCID: PMC11033485 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Gastric cancer is a significant global issue with a high death rate. This malignancy could be associated with several viral agents such as EBV, CMV, HHV-6, JCV, and BKV. Objective Evaluation of EBV, CMV, HHV-6 ,and JCV, BKV frequency among gastric cancer patients. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total number of 60 gastric cancer specimens (32 male, 28 female) were retrieved from the pathology lab. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue was used for molecular testing. DNA was extracted from samples, according to protocol, and used for PCR reaction. Polymerase chain reactions were used to assess CMV, EBV, HHV-6, JCV, and BKV frequency. Results and Conclusion The mean age of the participants was 61 years and 53.3% (32) of the participants were Male. A total number of 5 samples (8.34%) were infected with viral agents. Four male gastric samples were infected with EBV (6.67%) and only one female sample contained the BKV genome (1.67%). Totally 8.34% of the samples were infected with EBV and BKV. The CMV, HHV-6, and JCV genome was not detected in the samples. In conclusion, the presence of two viral agents including EBV and BKV among male and female samples respectively, and the genome of other viruses were not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Soltani
- Students' Scientific Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of VirologySchool of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Abbas Farahani
- Molecular and Medicine Research CenterKhomein University of Medical SciencesKhomeinIran
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesKhomein University of Medical SciencesKhomeinIran
| | - Ramin Shahbahrami
- Students' Scientific Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Zainab Shateri
- Student Research CommitteeAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Emadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesSchool of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Reza Pakzad
- Department of EpidemiologyFaculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical SciencesIlamIran
- Student Research CommitteeIlam University of Medical SciencesIlamIran
| | - Maryam Lotfi
- Department of PathologySchool of Medicine, Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Behzad Asanjarani
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of Medicine, Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Arezoo Rasti
- Department of Medical Surgery and Basic SciencesFaculty of Nursing and MidwiferyTehranIran
| | - Yousef Erfani
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesSchool of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Goli Siri
- Department of Internal MedicineAmir Alam Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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9
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Colarusso G, Mechahougui H, Koessler T, Friedlaender A. Metastatic gastric cancer: synergizing and sequencing targeted therapy with first-line immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2024; 16:427-430. [PMID: 38469713 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2024-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Colarusso
- Oncology Department, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hiba Mechahougui
- Oncology Department, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thibaud Koessler
- Oncology Department, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alex Friedlaender
- Oncology Department, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Clinique Générale Beaulieu, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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10
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Salnikov MY, MacNeil KM, Mymryk JS. The viral etiology of EBV-associated gastric cancers contributes to their unique pathology, clinical outcomes, treatment responses and immune landscape. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1358511. [PMID: 38596668 PMCID: PMC11002251 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1358511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a pathogen known to cause a number of malignancies, often taking years for them to develop after primary infection. EBV-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) is one such malignancy, and is an immunologically, molecularly and pathologically distinct entity from EBV-negative gastric cancer (EBVnGC). In comparison with EBVnGCs, EBVaGCs overexpress a number of immune regulatory genes to help form an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), have improved prognosis, and overall have an "immune-hot" phenotype. This review provides an overview of the histopathology, clinical features and clinical outcomes of EBVaGCs. We also summarize the differences between the TMEs of EBVaGCs and EBVnGCs, which includes significant differences in cell composition and immune infiltration. A list of available EBVaGC and EBVnGC gene expression datasets and computational tools are also provided within this review. Finally, an overview is provided of the various chemo- and immuno-therapeutics available in treating gastric cancers (GCs), with a focus on EBVaGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Y. Salnikov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Katelyn M. MacNeil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Joe S. Mymryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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11
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Jia K, Chen Y, Xie Y, Wang X, Hu Y, Sun Y, Cao Y, Zhang L, Wang Y, Wang Z, Lu Z, Li J, Zhang X, Shen L. Helicobacter pylori and immunotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer. Innovation (N Y) 2024; 5:100561. [PMID: 38379784 PMCID: PMC10878118 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers; however, its impact on immunotherapy for GI cancers remains uncertain. In this study, we included 10,122 patients who underwent 13C-urea breath tests. Among 636 patients with Epstein-Barr virus-negative microsatellite-stable gastric cancer (GC) who were treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, H. pylori-positive patients exhibited significantly longer immune-related progression-free survival (irPFS) compared with H. pylori-negative patients (6.97 months versus 5.03 months, p < 0.001, hazard ratio [HR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62-0.95, p = 0.015). Moreover, the H. pylori-positive group demonstrated a trend of 4 months longer median immune-related overall survival (irOS) than the H. pylori-negative group. H. pylori-positive GC displayed higher densities of PD-L1+ cells and nonexhausted CD8+ T cells, indicative of a "hot" tumor microenvironment. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that H. pylori-positive GC shared molecular characteristics similar to those of immunotherapy-sensitive GC. However, H. pylori-positive patients with DNA mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) had shorter irPFS compared with H. pylori-negative patients (16.13 months versus not reached, p = 0.042, HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.13-4.50, p = 0.021 and 5.57 months versus 6.97 months, p = 0.029, HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.14-2.23, p = 0.006, respectively). The difference in irOS between H. pylori-positive and -negative patients had the same trend as that between dMMR/MSI-H colorectal adenocarcinoma and ESCC patients. We also identified a trend of shorter irPFS and irOS in H. pylori-positive liver cancer and pancreatic cancer patients. In summary, our findings supported that H. pylori infection is a beneficial factor for GC immunotherapy by shaping hot tumor microenvironments. However, in dMMR/MSI-H colorectal adenocarcinoma and ESCC patients, H. pylori adversely affects the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Jia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yajie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yanshuo Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yakun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhenghang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhihao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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12
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Kim JH, Kim N, Song DH, Choi Y, Jeon EB, Kim S, Jun YK, Yoon H, Shin CM, Park YS, Lee DH, Oh HJ, Lee HS, Park YS, Ahn SH, Suh YS, Park DJ, Kim HH, Kim JW, Kim JW, Lee KW, Chang W, Park JH, Lee YJ, Lee KH, Kim YH, Ahn S. Sex-dependent different clinicopathological characterization of Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma: a large-scale study. Gastric Cancer 2024; 27:221-234. [PMID: 38212543 PMCID: PMC10896815 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-023-01460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) has been reported to account for approximately 5-16% of all GCs with good prognosis compared to EBV-negative GC. We evaluated the clinicopathological characteristics of EBVaGC including survival rate in South Korea. METHODS A total of 4,587 patients with GC who underwent EBV in situ hybridization (EBV-ISH) were prospectively enrolled at the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from 2003 to 2021. Age, sex, smoking status, cancer type and stage, tumor size and location, histological type, molecular features and survival information were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 456 patients with GC (9.9%) were positive for EBV. The EBVaGC group displayed a higher proportion of males (P < 0.001), a predominant presence in the proximal stomach (P < 0.001), a higher proportion of undifferentiated cancer (P < 0.001), and a lower cancer stage (P = 0.004) than the EBV-negative group. Cox multivariate analyses revealed age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.025, P < 0.001), tumor size (HR = 1.109, P < 0.001), and cancer stage (stage2 HR = 4.761, P < 0.001; stage3 HR = 13.286, P < 0.001; stage4 HR = 42.528, P < 0.001) as significant risk factors for GC-specific mortality, whereas EBV positivity was inversely correlated (HR = 0.620, P = 0.022). Furthermore, the EBVaGC group displayed statistically significant survival advantages over the EBV-negative cancer group in terms of both overall (P = 0.021) and GC-specific survival (P = 0.007) on the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. However, this effect was evident only in males. CONCLUSIONS EBVaGC patients showed better prognoses despite their association with proximal location and poorly differentiated histology in male, probably due to the difference in immunity between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea.
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Du Hyun Song
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Yonghoon Choi
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Eun-Bi Jeon
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Sihyun Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Yu Kyung Jun
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Oh
- Departments of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Departments of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Suk Park
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Ahn
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Yun-Suhk Suh
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Do Joong Park
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung Ho Kim
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Keun-Wook Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Chang
- Departments of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Park
- Departments of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Lee
- Departments of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Lee
- Departments of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Departments of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Departments of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Departments of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soyeon Ahn
- Division of Statistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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Wang X, Dong Y, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Miao T, Mohseni G, Du L, Wang C. DNA methylation drives a new path in gastric cancer early detection: Current impact and prospects. Genes Dis 2024; 11:847-860. [PMID: 37692483 PMCID: PMC10491876 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide. Early detection offers the best chance for curative treatment and reducing its mortality. However, the optimal population-based early screening for GC remains unmet. Aberrant DNA methylation occurs in the early stage of GC, exhibiting cancer-specific genetic and epigenetic changes, and can be detected in the media such as blood, gastric juice, and feces, constituting a valuable biomarker for cancer early detection. Furthermore, DNA methylation is a stable epigenetic alteration, and many innovative methods have been developed to quantify it rapidly and accurately. Nonetheless, large-scale clinical validation of DNA methylation serving as tumor biomarkers is still lacking, precluding their implementation in clinical practice. In conclusion, after a critical analysis of the recent existing literature, we summarized the evolving roles of DNA methylation during GC occurrence, expounded the newly discovered noninvasive DNA methylation biomarkers for early detection of GC, and discussed its challenges and prospects in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Yaqi Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuling Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 402774, China
| | - Yinghui Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Tianshu Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ghazal Mohseni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
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14
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Torne AS, Robertson ES. Epigenetic Mechanisms in Latent Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Associated Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:991. [PMID: 38473352 PMCID: PMC10931536 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a double-stranded DNA-based human tumor virus that was first isolated in 1964 from lymphoma biopsies. Since its initial discovery, EBV has been identified as a major contributor to numerous cancers and chronic autoimmune disorders. The virus is particularly efficient at infecting B-cells but can also infect epithelial cells, utilizing an array of epigenetic strategies to establish long-term latent infection. The association with histone modifications, alteration of DNA methylation patterns in host and viral genomes, and microRNA targeting of host cell factors are core epigenetic strategies that drive interactions between host and virus, which are necessary for viral persistence and progression of EBV-associated diseases. Therefore, understanding epigenetic regulation and its role in post-entry viral dynamics is an elusive area of EBV research. Here, we present current outlooks of EBV epigenetic regulation as it pertains to viral interactions with its host during latent infection and its propensity to induce tumorigenesis. We review the important epigenetic regulators of EBV latency and explore how the strategies involved during latent infection drive differential epigenetic profiles and host-virus interactions in EBV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erle S. Robertson
- Tumor Virology Program, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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15
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Reyes ME, Pulgar V, Vivallo C, Ili CG, Mora-Lagos B, Brebi P. Epigenetic modulation of cytokine expression in gastric cancer: influence on angiogenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1347530. [PMID: 38455038 PMCID: PMC10917931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are proteins that act in the immune response and inflammation and have been associated with the development of some types of cancer, such as gastric cancer (GC). GC is a malignant neoplasm that ranks fifth in incidence and third in cancer-related mortality worldwide, making it a major public health issue. Recent studies have focused on the role these cytokines may play in GC associated with angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance, which are key factors that can affect carcinogenesis and tumor progression, quality, and patient survival. These inflammatory mediators can be regulated by epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone protein modification, and non-coding RNA, which results in the silencing or overexpression of key genes in GC, presenting different targets of action, either direct or mediated by modifications in key genes of cytokine-related signaling pathways. This review seeks insight into the relationship between cytokine-associated epigenetic regulation and its potential effects on the different stages of development and chemoresistance in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Reyes
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Victoria Pulgar
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carolina Vivallo
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carmen Gloria Ili
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Bárbara Mora-Lagos
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Priscilla Brebi
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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16
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Kim JY, Min YJ, Lee MH, An YR, Ashktorab H, Smoot DT, Kwon SW, Lee SK. Ceramide promotes lytic reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus in gastric carcinoma. J Virol 2024; 98:e0177623. [PMID: 38197630 PMCID: PMC10878077 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01776-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has a lifelong latency period after initial infection. Rarely, however, when the EBV immediate early gene BZLF1 is expressed by a specific stimulus, the virus switches to the lytic cycle to produce progeny viruses. We found that EBV infection reduced levels of various ceramide species in gastric cancer cells. As ceramide is a bioactive lipid implicated in the infection of various viruses, we assessed the effect of ceramide on the EBV lytic cycle. Treatment with C6-ceramide (C6-Cer) induced an increase in the endogenous ceramide pool and increased production of the viral product as well as BZLF1 expression. Treatment with the ceramidase inhibitor ceranib-2 induced EBV lytic replication with an increase in the endogenous ceramide pool. The glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor Genz-123346 inhibited C6-Cer-induced lytic replication. C6-Cer induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and CREB phosphorylation, c-JUN expression, and accumulation of the autophagosome marker LC3B. Treatment with MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126, siERK1&2, or siCREB suppressed C6-Cer-induced EBV lytic replication and autophagy initiation. In contrast, siJUN transfection had no impact on BZLF1 expression. The use of 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an inhibitor targeting class III phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) to inhibit autophagy initiation, resulted in reduced beclin-1 expression, along with suppressed C6-Cer-induced BZLF1 expression and LC3B accumulation. Chloroquine, an inhibitor of autophagosome-lysosome fusion, increased BZLF1 protein intensity and LC3B accumulation. However, siLC3B transfection had minimal effect on BZLF1 expression. The results suggest the significance of ceramide-related sphingolipid metabolism in controlling EBV latency, highlighting the potential use of drugs targeting sphingolipid metabolism for treating EBV-positive gastric cancer.IMPORTANCEEpstein-Barr virus remains dormant in the host cell but occasionally switches to the lytic cycle when stimulated. However, the exact molecular mechanism of this lytic induction is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that Epstein-Barr virus infection leads to a reduction in ceramide levels. Additionally, the restoration of ceramide levels triggers lytic replication of Epstein-Barr virus with increase in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and CREB. Our study suggests that the Epstein-Barr virus can inhibit lytic replication and remain latent through reduction of host cell ceramide levels. This study reports the regulation of lytic replication by ceramide in Epstein-Barr virus-positive gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yeob Kim
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Jin Min
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yea Rim An
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Duane T. Smoot
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suk Kyeong Lee
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Anbouhi TS, Sazegar H, Rahimi E. Recognizing the role of Epstein-Barr virus in gastric cancer: transcriptomic insights into malignancy modulation. Virol J 2024; 21:41. [PMID: 38355581 PMCID: PMC10868016 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies show that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection can play a role in malignancy and increase the risk of gastric cancer (GC). The objective of this research was to pinpoint genes whose expression may be influenced by EBV and play a role in the development of GC. METHODS Candidate genes potentially susceptible to expression modulation in the presence of EBV were identified through the analysis of GSE185627 and GSE51575 datasets. The association of candidate genes with GC and the survival rate of patients was investigated based on the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) data. Also, pathways related to candidate genes were examined through the MsigDB database. The PPI network was used to identify Hub genes. To corroborate the obtained results, we utilized the RT-qPCR method, employing GC samples from both EBV + and EBV-cases, as well as adjacent normal samples. RESULTS Our results showed that genes upregulated by the EBV in the GC cell line, as well as in EBV + samples, are significantly linked to pathways involving the immune response, inflammation, and the P53 pathway. Conversely, genes downregulated by EBV are closely linked to pathways involving cell proliferation and mTORC1. Examining the candidate genes revealed that a considerable portion of genes susceptible to downregulation under the influence of EBV exhibit oncogenic roles based on TCGA data. Moreover, some of these genes are associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Protein-protein interaction network analysis of candidate genes highlighted IFI44L and OAS2 as potential hub genes in the EBV-GC axis. Our RT-qPCR results further validated these findings, demonstrating that the expression levels of IFI44L and OAS2 were higher in EBV + samples compared to both healthy and EBV-samples. CONCLUSION Our study underscores the capacity of EBV to exert regulatory control over genes associated with GC malignancy. In addition to its inflammatory effects, EBV elicits transcriptomic changes that appear to attenuate the progression of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabassom Sedaghat Anbouhi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Sazegar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Rahimi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Kong W, Liu X, Zhu H, Zheng S, Yin G, Yu P, Shan Y, Ma S, Ying R, Jin H. Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides induce ferroptosis in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer by inactivating NRF2/HO-1 signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:1767-1780. [PMID: 38244583 PMCID: PMC10866407 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 10% of gastric cancers are associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides (TFPs) are characterized by antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in different diseases. However, whether TFP improves EBV-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) has never been explored. The effects of TFP on EBV-infected GC cell viability were determined using a CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Western blotting and RT-qPCR were performed to explore the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins. The CCK-8 assay showed that TFP decreased EBV-infected GC cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry assays indicated that TFP significantly induced EBV-infected GC cell death. TFP also reduced the migratory capacity of EBV-infected GC cells. Furthermore, treatment with TFP significantly increased the mRNA levels of PTGS2 and Chac1 in EBV-infected GC cells. Western blot assays indicated that TFP suppressed the expression of NRF2, HO-1, GPX4 and xCT in EBV-infected GC cells. More importantly, overexpression of NRF2 could obviously rescue TFP-induced downregulation of GPX4 and xCT in EBV-infected GC cells. In summary, we showed novel data that TFP induced ferroptosis in EBV-infected GC cells by inhibiting NRF2/HO-1 signaling. The current findings may shed light on the potential clinical application of TFP in the treatment of EBVaGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Kong
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Xinchun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Hangzhang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Sixing Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Guang Yin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuqiang Shan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Rongchao Ying
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Huicheng Jin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
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19
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Ko KP. Risk Factors of Gastric Cancer and Lifestyle Modification for Prevention. J Gastric Cancer 2024; 24:99-107. [PMID: 38225769 PMCID: PMC10774756 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2024.24.e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer has been consistently decreasing worldwide, whereas cardia gastric cancer is on the rise. This indicates that the exposure rates to epidemiological causes are changing. In this study, we aim to review the risk factors for gastric cancer with respect to cardia and non-cardia types. One of the most significant risk factors for gastric cancer is Helicobacter pylori infection. H. pylori infection is known as a risk factor for non-cardia gastric cancer, and there have been results indicating that H. pylori infection is not associated with cardia gastric cancer. However, in the East Asian region, there is epidemiological evidence suggesting that H. pylori infection might be a risk factor for cardia gastric cancer. Smoking and alcohol consumption are known risk factors for gastric cancer, regardless of anatomical location. Obesity is considered a factor in the development of cardia gastric cancer. However, further research is needed to understand the specific relationship with non-cardia gastric cancer. The consumption of high-salt and processed meat is more distinctly associated with non-cardia gastric cancer than in cardia gastric cancer. In addition to these factors, exposure to chemicals and radiation are considered risk factors for gastric cancer. Primary prevention of gastric cancer involves eliminating or avoiding risk factors such as H. pylori eradication and adopting a healthy lifestyle, including quitting smoking, reducing alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight, and having a low-salt diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Pil Ko
- Clinical Preventive Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
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20
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Huang X, Zhang M, Zhang Z. The Role of LMP1 in Epstein-Barr Virus-associated Gastric Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:127-141. [PMID: 37183458 DOI: 10.2174/1568009623666230512153741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
EBV promotes many cancers such as lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and gastric; Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) is considered to be a major oncogenic protein encoded by Epstein- Barr virus (EBV). LMP1 functions as a carcinogen in lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and LMP1 may also promote gastric cancer. The expression level of LMP1 in host cells is a key determinant in tumorigenesis and maintenance of virus specificity. By promoting cell immortalization and cell transformation, promoting cell proliferation, affecting immunity, and regulating cell apoptosis, LMP1 plays a crucial tumorigenic role in epithelial cancers. However, very little is currently known about LMP1 in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC); the main reason is that the expression level of LMP1 in EBVaGC is comparatively lower than other EBV-encoded proteins, such as The Latent Membrane Protein 2A (LMP2A), Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and BamHI-A rightward frame 1 (BARF1), to date, there are few studies related to LMP1 in EBVaGC. Recent studies have demonstrated that LMP1 promotes EBVaGC by affecting The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase- Akt (PI3K-Akt), Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and other signaling pathways to regulate many downstream targets such as Forkhead box class O (FOXO), C-X-C-motif chemokine receptor (CXCR), COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2); moreover, the gene methylation induced by LMP1 in EBVaGC has become one of the characteristics that distinguish this gastric cancer (GC) from other types of gastric cancer and LMP1 also promotes the formation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of EBVaGC in several ways. This review synthesizes previous relevant literature, aiming to highlight the latest findings on the mechanism of action of LMP1 in EBVaGC, summarize the function of LMP1 in EBVaGC, lay the theoretical foundation for subsequent new research on LMP1 in EBVaGC, and contribute to the development of novel LMP1-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Grade 20, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Meilan Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
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21
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Jo H, Shin CM. [Infectious Gastric Diseases Other than Helicobacter]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = TAEHAN SOHWAGI HAKHOE CHI 2023; 82:269-281. [PMID: 38129996 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2023.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In addition to Helicobacter pylori, the acute bacterial causes of infectious gastritis, include phlegmonous gastritis, gastric tuberculosis, and gastric syphilis. Bacterial gastritis often improves with appropriate broad-spectrum antibiotics, emphasizing the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment based on the clinical and endoscopic findings. Among viral gastritis, cytomegalovirus gastritis, primarily occurring in immunocompromised patients, necessitates antiviral intervention, while immunocompetent individuals typically achieve amelioration by administering proton pump inhibitors. In contrast, most gastric infections caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are asymptomatic, but an EBV infection is a cause of stomach cancer. EBV-associated gastric cancer exhibits distinct clinical, pathological, genetic, and post-genetic mutation features, making it clinically significant. The colonization of Candida albicans in the stomach is uncommon, and typical antifungal treatment is unnecessary. Candida infections in gastric ulcers can be treated with anti-ulcer treatment alone. Lastly, anisakidosis in the stomach, which occurs when consuming raw seafood, can manifest in various clinical presentations and is typically treated through endoscopic removal of the nematode. This article aims to contribute to the rapid diagnosis and treatment of rare stomach infections beyond Helicobacter pylori in real clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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22
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Maestri D, Napoletani G, Kossenkov A, Preston-Alp S, Caruso LB, Tempera I. The three-dimensional structure of the EBV genome plays a crucial role in regulating viral gene expression in EBVaGC. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:12092-12110. [PMID: 37889078 PMCID: PMC10711448 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) establishes lifelong asymptomatic infection by replication of its chromatinized episomes with the host genome. EBV exhibits different latency-associated transcriptional repertoires, each with distinct three-dimensional structures. CTCF, Cohesin and PARP1 are involved in maintaining viral latency and establishing episome architecture. Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) represents 1.3-30.9% of all gastric cancers globally. EBV-positive gastric cancers exhibit an intermediate viral transcription profile known as 'Latency II', expressing specific viral genes and noncoding RNAs. In this study, we investigated the impact of PARP1 inhibition on CTCF/Cohesin binding in Type II latency. We observed destabilization of the binding of both factors, leading to a disrupted three-dimensional architecture of the episomes and an altered viral gene expression. Despite sharing the same CTCF binding profile, Type I, II and III latencies exhibit different 3D structures that correlate with variations in viral gene expression. Additionally, our analysis of H3K27ac-enriched interactions revealed differences between Type II latency episomes and a link to cellular transformation through docking of the EBV genome at specific sites of the Human genome, thus promoting oncogene expression. Overall, this work provides insights into the role of PARP1 in maintaining active latency and novel mechanisms of EBV-induced cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Maestri
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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23
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Lim NR, Chung WC. Helicobacter pylori-associated Chronic Atrophic Gastritis and Progression of Gastric Carcinogenesis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = TAEHAN SOHWAGI HAKHOE CHI 2023; 82:171-179. [PMID: 37876256 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2023.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation due to a Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a representative cause of gastric cancer that can promote gastric carcinogenesis by abnormally activating immune cells and increasing the inflammatory cytokines levels. H. pylori infections directly cause DNA double-strand breaks in gastric epithelial cells and genetic damage by increasing the enzymatic activity of cytidine deaminase. Eventually, gastric cancer is induced through dysplasia. Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes is an important cause of gastric cancer because of a H. pylori infection. In addition, the changes in gastric microbiota and the mucosal inflammatory changes associated with a co-infection with the Epstein-Barr virus are associated with gastric cancer development. DNA damage induced by H. pylori and the subsequent responses of gastric stem cells have implications for gastric carcinogenesis. Although the pathogenesis of H. pylori has been established, many uncertainties remain, requiring more study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Rae Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Woo Chul Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
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24
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Baccili Cury Megid T, Farooq AR, Wang X, Elimova E. Gastric Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms, Novel Targets, and Immunotherapies: From Bench to Clinical Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5075. [PMID: 37894443 PMCID: PMC10605200 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a global health concern, ranking fifth in cancer diagnoses and fourth in cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite recent advancements in diagnosis, most cases are detected at advanced stages, resulting in poor outcomes. However, recent breakthroughs in genome analysis have identified biomarkers that hold positive clinical significance for GC treatment. These biomarkers and classifications offer the potential for more precise diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for GC patients. In this review, we explore the classification and molecular pathways in this disease, highlighting potential biomarkers that have emerged in recent studies including targeted therapies and immunotherapies. These advancements provide a promising direction for improving the management of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elena Elimova
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (T.B.C.M.); (A.R.F.); (X.W.)
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25
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Shin WS, Xie F, Chen B, Yu J, Lo KW, Tse GMK, To KF, Kang W. Exploring the Microbiome in Gastric Cancer: Assessing Potential Implications and Contextualizing Microorganisms beyond H. pylori and Epstein-Barr Virus. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4993. [PMID: 37894360 PMCID: PMC10605912 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While previous research has primarily focused on the impact of H. pylori and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), emerging evidence suggests that other microbial influences, including viral and fungal infections, may also contribute to gastric cancer (GC) development. The intricate interactions between these microbes and the host's immune response provide a more comprehensive understanding of gastric cancer pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. The review highlights the roles of established players such as H. pylori and EBV and the potential impacts of gut bacteria, mainly Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and fungi such as Candida albicans. Advanced sequencing technologies offer unprecedented insights into the complexities of the gastric microbiome, from microbial diversity to potential diagnostic applications. Furthermore, the review highlights the potential for advanced GC diagnosis and therapies through a better understanding of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Sum Shin
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.S.S.); (F.X.); (B.C.); (K.W.L.); (G.M.K.T.); (K.F.T.)
| | - Fuda Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.S.S.); (F.X.); (B.C.); (K.W.L.); (G.M.K.T.); (K.F.T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- CUHK—Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Bonan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.S.S.); (F.X.); (B.C.); (K.W.L.); (G.M.K.T.); (K.F.T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- CUHK—Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.S.S.); (F.X.); (B.C.); (K.W.L.); (G.M.K.T.); (K.F.T.)
| | - Gary M. K. Tse
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.S.S.); (F.X.); (B.C.); (K.W.L.); (G.M.K.T.); (K.F.T.)
| | - Ka Fai To
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.S.S.); (F.X.); (B.C.); (K.W.L.); (G.M.K.T.); (K.F.T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Wei Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.S.S.); (F.X.); (B.C.); (K.W.L.); (G.M.K.T.); (K.F.T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- CUHK—Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China
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26
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Low YH, Loh CJL, Peh DYY, Chu AJM, Han S, Toh HC. Pathogenesis and therapeutic implications of EBV-associated epithelial cancers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1202117. [PMID: 37901329 PMCID: PMC10600384 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1202117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), one of the most common human viruses, has been associated with both lymphoid and epithelial cancers. Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), EBV associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) and lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) are amongst the few common epithelial cancers that EBV has been associated with. The pathogenesis of EBV-associated NPC has been well described, however, the same cannot be said for primary pulmonary LELC (PPLELC) owing to the rarity of the cancer. In this review, we outline the pathogenesis of EBV-associated NPC and EBVaGCs and their recent advances. By drawing on similarities between NPC and PPLELC, we then also postulated the pathogenesis of PPLELC. A deeper understanding about the pathogenesis of EBV enables us to postulate the pathogenesis of other EBV associated cancers such as PPLELC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hua Low
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Daniel Yang Yao Peh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Axel Jun Ming Chu
- Singapore Health Services Internal Medicine Residency Programme, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuting Han
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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27
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Zhang Q, Xu M. EBV-induced T-cell responses in EBV-specific and nonspecific cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250946. [PMID: 37841280 PMCID: PMC10576448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human tumor virus associated with various malignancies, including B-lymphoma, NK and T-lymphoma, and epithelial carcinoma. It infects B lymphocytes and epithelial cells within the oropharynx and establishes persistent infection in memory B cells. With a balanced virus-host interaction, most individuals carry EBV asymptomatically because of the lifelong surveillance by T cell immunity against EBV. A stable anti-EBV T cell repertoire is maintained in memory at high frequency in the blood throughout persistent EBV infection. Patients with impaired T cell immunity are more likely to develop life-threatening lymphoproliferative disorders, highlighting the critical role of T cells in achieving the EBV-host balance. Recent studies reveal that the EBV protein, LMP1, triggers robust T-cell responses against multiple tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in B cells. Additionally, EBV-specific T cells have been identified in EBV-unrelated cancers, raising questions about their role in antitumor immunity. Herein, we summarize T-cell responses in EBV-related cancers, considering latency patterns, host immune status, and factors like human leukocyte antigen (HLA) susceptibility, which may affect immune outcomes. We discuss EBV-induced TAA-specific T cell responses and explore the potential roles of EBV-specific T cell subsets in tumor microenvironments. We also describe T-cell immunotherapy strategies that harness EBV antigens, ranging from EBV-specific T cells to T cell receptor-engineered T cells. Lastly, we discuss the involvement of γδ T-cells in EBV infection and associated diseases, aiming to elucidate the comprehensive interplay between EBV and T-cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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28
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Wang Y, Han W, Wang N, Han M, Ban M, Dai J, Dong Y, Sun T, Xu J. The role of microbiota in the development and treatment of gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1224669. [PMID: 37841431 PMCID: PMC10572359 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1224669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The stomach was once considered a sterile organ until the discovery of Helicobacter pylori (HP). With the application of high-throughput sequencing technology and macrogenomics, researchers have identified fungi and fivemajor bacterial phyla within the stomachs of healthy individuals. These microbial communities exert regulatory influence over various physiological functions, including energy metabolism and immune responses. HP is a well-recognized risk factor for gastric cancer, significantly altering the stomach's native microecology. Currently, numerous studies are centered on the mechanisms by which HP contributes to gastric cancer development, primarily involving the CagA oncoprotein. However, aside from exogenous infections such as HP and EBV, certain endogenous dysbiosis can also lead to gastric cancer through multiple mechanisms. Additionally, gut microbiota and its metabolites significantly impact the development of gastric cancer. The role of microbial therapies, including diet, phages, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, in treating gastric cancer should not be underestimated. This review aims to study the mechanisms involved in the roles of exogenous pathogen infection and endogenous microbiota dysbiosis in the development of gastric cancer. Also, we describe the application of microbiota therapy in the treatment and prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Wang
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenjie Han
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengzhen Han
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Meng Ban
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kanghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Jianying Dai
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuesheng Dong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Breast Cancer Research, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Junnan Xu
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Breast Cancer Research, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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29
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Tarasova OA. Current Perspectives in Antiviral Research. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14555. [PMID: 37833992 PMCID: PMC10572941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on virus-host interactions are of high significance for a number of reasons [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Tarasova
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Based Drug Design, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Bldg. 8, Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia
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30
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Zhang Q, Yang M, Zhang P, Wu B, Wei X, Li S. Deciphering gastric inflammation-induced tumorigenesis through multi-omics data and AI methods. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 21:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0129. [PMID: 37589244 PMCID: PMC11033716 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), the fifth most common cancer globally, remains the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Inflammation-induced tumorigenesis is the predominant process in GC development; therefore, systematic research in this area should improve understanding of the biological mechanisms that initiate GC development and promote cancer hallmarks. Here, we summarize biological knowledge regarding gastric inflammation-induced tumorigenesis, and characterize the multi-omics data and systems biology methods for investigating GC development. Of note, we highlight pioneering studies in multi-omics data and state-of-the-art network-based algorithms used for dissecting the features of gastric inflammation-induced tumorigenesis, and we propose translational applications in early GC warning biomarkers and precise treatment strategies. This review offers integrative insights for GC research, with the goal of paving the way to novel paradigms for GC precision oncology and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Institute for TCM-X, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingran Yang
- Institute for TCM-X, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute for TCM-X, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bowen Wu
- Institute for TCM-X, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaosen Wei
- Institute for TCM-X, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shao Li
- Institute for TCM-X, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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31
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Nie Y, Zhao W, Lu L, Zhou F. Predictive biomarkers and new developments of immunotherapy in gastric cancer: a 2023 update. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:3169-3184. [PMID: 37559976 PMCID: PMC10408463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is an extremely common digestive tract tumor. The promotion and application of standardized therapy, treatment scheme optimization, and development of new targeted drugs and immunotherapies have improved gastric cancer survival somewhat. However, gastric cancer prognosis generally remains non-optimistic. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have gradually become a new choice for gastric cancer treatment and can prolong the survival of some patients. Among them, high-microsatellite instability, Epstein-Barr virus-positive status, or high-tumor mutational burden patients with gastric cancer may be the potential population to benefit from immunotherapy. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of unified and effective predictive markers. Accordingly, this review mainly focused on the possible predictive biomarkers of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 in gastric cancer treatment. Furthermore, the application of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy-related clinical trials on gastric cancer is discussed. The current findings suggest that immunotherapy is a promising application in gastric cancer treatment. Therefore, combining immunotherapy and other therapies may be the trend in the future. Nevertheless, exploring biomarkers to predict ICI response remains a major challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Nie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical CenterBeijing 100088, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, Hubei, China
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Yang S, Li J, Cai X. The high expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha Ⅱ ( GFRA2) as a predictor of poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients: A survival and regression analysis approach. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18291. [PMID: 37519699 PMCID: PMC10372394 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer has high mortality rates worldwide. Therefore, there is a need to identify prognostic biomarkers. This study evaluated the association between GFRA2 expression levels with clinicopathological features and prognosis in gastric cancer using data extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and a series of algorithms. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to analyze the association between different clinical features and survival. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to examine the correlation between GFRA2 expression and immune infiltration. The results showed that the expression of GFRA2 in tumor samples was significantly lower than that in normal samples. High expression of GFRA2 was significantly associated with histological type, histologic grade, and worse overall survival, disease-specific survival, and progression-free survival. The univariate Cox analysis showed that the expression of GFRA2 was significantly correlated with T stage, N stage, M stage, and age. The multivariate analysis identified GFRA2 expression as an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer. GSEA showed that GFRA2 might regulate the calcium signaling pathway, focus adhesion, olfactory conduction, the extracellular matrix glycoproteins, and response to the Leishmania parasitic infection. GFRA2 showed a significant moderate positive correlation with the infiltration of mast cells. In summary, a high expression of GFRA2 may contribute to poor survival in gastric cancer patients and could be used as a potential prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Yang
- College of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
- Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330044, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaohui Cai
- College of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
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33
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Liu T, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Qin Y, Wang R, Qin Y, Huang Y, Mo Y, Huang T. The role of EBV-encoded miRNA in EBV-associated gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1204030. [PMID: 37388232 PMCID: PMC10301731 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1204030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (human herpesvirus 4, EBV) is a linear double-stranded DNA virus that infects over 90% of the population worldwide. However, our understanding of EBV's contribution to tumorigenesis of EBV-associated GC (EBVaGC) remains incomplete. Recent advancements in EBVaGC research have highlighted that EBV-encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) play prominent roles in critical cellular processes such as migration, cell cycle, apoptosis, cell proliferation, immune response, and autophagy. Notably, the largest group of EBV-encoded miRNAs, known as BamHI-A rightward transcripts (BARTs), exhibit bidirectional effects in EBVaGC. For instance, they present both anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic functions and enhance chemosensitivity while also conferring resistance to 5-fluorouracil. Despite these findings, the comprehensive mechanisms through which miRNAs contribute to EBVaGC are yet to be fully elucidated. In this work, we summarize the current evidence of the roles of miRNA in EBVaGC, particularly with the application of multi-omic techniques. Additionally, we discuss the application of miRNA in EBVaGC in retrospective analyses and provide novel perspectives on the use of miRNA in EBVaGC in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yutao Qin
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rensheng Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanning Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuqi Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yingxi Mo
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Felípez N, Montori S, Mendizuri N, Llach J, Delgado PG, Moreira L, Santamaría E, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Albéniz E. The Human Gastric Juice: A Promising Source for Gastric Cancer Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119131. [PMID: 37298081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a major public health problem worldwide, with high mortality rates due to late diagnosis and limited treatment options. Biomarker research is essential to improve the early detection of GC. Technological advances and research methodologies have improved diagnostic tools, identifying several potential biomarkers for GC, including microRNA, DNA methylation markers, and protein-based biomarkers. Although most studies have focused on identifying biomarkers in biofluids, the low specificity of these markers has limited their use in clinical practice. This is because many cancers share similar alterations and biomarkers, so obtaining them from the site of disease origin could yield more specific results. As a result, recent research efforts have shifted towards exploring gastric juice (GJ) as an alternative source for biomarker identification. Since GJ is a waste product during a gastroscopic examination, it could provide a "liquid biopsy" enriched with disease-specific biomarkers generated directly at the damaged site. Furthermore, as it contains secretions from the stomach lining, it could reflect changes associated with the developmental stage of GC. This narrative review describes some potential biomarkers for gastric cancer screening identified in gastric juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayra Felípez
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Research Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sheyla Montori
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Research Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Naroa Mendizuri
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospitalario Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joan Llach
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro G Delgado
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Mérida, 06800 Mérida, Spain
| | - Leticia Moreira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospitalario Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospitalario Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Albéniz
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarrabiomed, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Santos ERCD, Silva MSDME, Canedo NHS, Gaui MDFD, Britto ÁLVLD, Silva WMVD, Carvalho MDGDC, Bravo Neto GP. Epstein-Barr virus in gastric cancer and association with 30 bp del-latent membrane protein 1 polymorphism. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:e20221571. [PMID: 37222327 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20221571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the frequencies of Epstein-Barr virus, types 1 and 2 infection, and 30 bp del-latent membrane protein 1 viral polymorphism in gastric adenocarcinomas, as well as to investigate the association between Epstein-Barr virus infection and tumor location, type, and the patient's sex. METHODS Samples were collected from 38 patients treated at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Epstein-Barr virus detection and genotyping were performed by polymerase chain reaction, followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and staining by the silver nitrate method. RESULTS Overall, 68.4% of patients had Epstein-Barr virus-positive tumors. Of these, 65.4% presented infection by Epstein-Barr virus type 1, 23.1% by Epstein-Barr virus type 2, and 11.5% had coinfection with types 1 and 2. The 30 bp del-latent membrane protein 1 polymorphism was found in 42.3% of Epstein-Barr virus-positive tumors, 23.1% had the wild-type virus, and 23.1% had the wild-type and the polymorphism concomitantly. In 11.5% of Epstein-Barr virus-positive tumors, it was impossible to determine whether there was polymorphism or not. Tumor location in the antrum (22 of 38) and diffuse type (27 of 38) were predominant. There was no significant difference in Epstein-Barr virus infection or the 30 bp del-latent membrane protein 1 polymorphism between men and women. CONCLUSION Epstein-Barr virus infection was found in 68.4% of tumors investigated in this study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first article showing the coinfection of Epstein-Barr virus types 1 and 2 in gastric carcinoma in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathalie Henriques Silva Canedo
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Medical School, Pathology Department - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Maria de Fatima Dias Gaui
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clinica Médica - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | | | - William Marco Vicente da Silva
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Pinto Bravo Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Cirurgia - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
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He H, Lei F, Huang L, Wang K, Yang Y, Chen L, Peng Y, Liang Y, Tan H, Wu X, Feng M. Immunotherapy of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and EBV-associated hematological diseases with gp350/CD89-targeted bispecific antibody. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114797. [PMID: 37126928 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and persistent infection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with several life-threatening hematological disorders, including lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD), hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), and chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV). Currently, there are no efficacious virus-targeted therapies for EBV-driven hematological diseases. To explore the potential of phagocytosis-based immunotherapy, we created a bispecific antibody by targeting the viral envelope protein gp350 with a novel EBV-neutralizing antibody (named R1) that was paired with a monoclonal antibody against CD89 for redirecting macrophages and neutrophils. In vitro study showed that the bispecific antibody enabled efficient phagocytosis of EBV and killing of gp350 + lymphoma cells in the presence of PBMC. In vivo studies in NSG mice inoculated with EBV showed that bispecific antibody dramatically reduced the viral load in blood, solid organs and tissues. Treatment of mice implanted with EBV-harboring Raji lymphoma cells efficiently prevented tumor formation and massive metastasis to solid organs. Treatment of mice implanted with whole blood from EBV-HLH patients was effective in reducing viral levels in blood and solid organ. The gp350/CD89 bispecific antibody was highly effective in clearing EBV and immunotherapy of EBV-driven hematological diseases such as LPD and EBV-HLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Feifei Lei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lab of Liver Disease, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Le Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yaxi Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Liu Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Departments of Pediatrics Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yinming Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Huabing Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lab of Liver Disease, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Departments of Pediatrics Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Mingqian Feng
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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Costanzo M, De Giglio MAR, Roviello GN. Deciphering the Relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097803. [PMID: 37175509 PMCID: PMC10178366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Some viruses are known to be associated with the onset of specific cancers. These microorganisms, oncogenic viruses or oncoviruses, can convert normal cells into cancer cells by modulating the central metabolic pathways or hampering genomic integrity mechanisms, consequently inhibiting the apoptotic machinery and/or enhancing cell proliferation. Seven oncogenic viruses are known to promote tumorigenesis in humans: human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1), Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Recent research indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 progression may predispose recovered patients to cancer onset and accelerate cancer development. This hypothesis is based on the growing evidence regarding the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to modulate oncogenic pathways, promoting chronic low-grade inflammation and causing tissue damage. Herein, we summarize the main relationships known to date between virus infection and cancer, providing a summary of the proposed biochemical mechanisms behind the cellular transformation. Mechanistically, DNA viruses (such as HPV, HBV, EBV, and MCPyV) encode their virus oncogenes. In contrast, RNA viruses (like HCV, HTLV-1) may encode oncogenes or trigger host oncogenes through cis-/-trans activation leading to different types of cancer. As for SARS-CoV-2, its role as an oncogenic virus seems to occur through the inhibition of oncosuppressors or controlling the metabolic and autophagy pathways in the infected cells. However, these effects could be significant in particular scenarios like those linked to severe COVID-19 or long COVID. On the other hand, looking at the SARS-CoV-2─cancer relationship from an opposite perspective, oncolytic effects and anti-tumor immune response were triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection in some cases. In summary, our work aims to recall comprehensive attention from the scientific community to elucidate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 and, more in general, β-coronavirus infection on cancer susceptibility for cancer prevention or supporting therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Costanzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore s.c.ar.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Nicola Roviello
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Italian National Council for Research (IBB-CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Zhang Y, Shi D, Zhang X, Wu S, Liu W, Luo B. Downregulation of MUS81 expression inhibits cell migration and maintains EBV latent infection through miR-BART9-5p in EBV-associated gastric cancer. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28725. [PMID: 37185865 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with the occurrence and development of gastric cancer (GC). Methyl methanesulfonate and ultraviolet-sensitive gene 81 (MUS81) is the catalytic component of a structure-specific endonuclease and plays an important role in chromosomal stability. However, the link between EBV infection and MUS81 remains unclear. In the present study, we found that MUS81 expression was much lower in EBV-associated GC cells than in EBV-negative GC. MUS81 acts as an oncogene in GC by inducing the cell migration and proliferation. Western blot and luciferase reporter assays revealed that miR-BART9-5p directly targeted MUS81 and downregulated its expression. Additionally, overexpression of MUS81 in EBV-positive GC cells inhibited the expression of EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1). EBNA1 is critical for the pathogenesis of EBV-associated tumors and the maintenance of a stable copy number of the viral genomes. Altogether, these results indicated that the lowering MUS81 expression might be a mechanism by EBV to maintain its latent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, Basic Medicine College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Duo Shi
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, Basic Medicine College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, Basic Medicine College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, Basic Medicine College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory Medicine Center of Qingdao, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, Basic Medicine College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, Basic Medicine College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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An G, He XC, Bai J, Wang J. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective in the treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33377. [PMID: 37000076 PMCID: PMC10063274 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies globally, and its occurrence and development are associated with genetic, dietary, biological, and immune factors. Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC), as a special subtype of GC, has become a research hotspot in recent years. In patients with advanced GC, Epstein-Barr virus infection is closely related to lymph node metastasis, depth of tumor invasion, and poor prognosis. There is great clinical need for a new treatment modality for EBVaGC. Advances in molecular biology and cancer genetics have led to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); patients treated with ICIs experience clinical benefit and few adverse effects. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSES We report a 31-year-old male with advanced EBVaGC and multiple sites of lymph node metastasis who was intolerant to multiple lines of chemotherapy. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOME After immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment, both primary and metastatic tumors shrank significantly without noticeable adverse reactions. After 21 months of progression-free status, the patient underwent R0 resection. LESSONS This case report provides evidence for the use of ICIs in treating EBVaGC. It also shows that detection of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small nuclear RNA may be a prognostic factor in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaili An
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Cheng He
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Bai
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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40
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Li G, Zhou Z, Wang Z, Wang Z. Assessing Epstein-Barr virus in gastric cancer: clinicopathological features and prognostic implications. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:11. [PMID: 36803802 PMCID: PMC9938970 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) was a unique molecular subtype of gastric cancer (GC). However, the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic role of EBV infection remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological features of EBVaGC and its role on prognosis. METHODS EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization method was used to evaluate the EBV status in GC. The serum tumor markers AFP, CEA, CA19-9 and CA125 of patients were detected before treatment. HER2 expression and microsatellite instability (MSI) status was evaluated according to established criteria. The relationship between EBV infection and clinicopathological factors as well as its role on prognosis were investigated. RESULTS 420 patients were enrolled in the study and of 53 patients (12.62%) were identified as EBVaGC. EBVaGC was more common in males (p = 0.001) and related to early T stage (p = 0.045), early TNM stage (p = 0.001) and lower level of serum CEA (p = 0.039). No association could be found between EBV infection and HER2 expression, MSI status and other factors (p all > 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that both the overall survival and disease-free survival of EBVaGC patients were similar to that of EBV-negative GC (EBVnGC) patients (p = 0.309 and p = 0.264, respectively). CONCLUSION EBVaGC was more common in males and in patients with the early T stage and TNM stage as well as patients with lower serum CEA level. Difference in overall survival and disease-free survival between EBVaGC and EBVnGC patients cannot be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Li
- grid.412615.50000 0004 1803 6239Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Street, No. 58, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Zhihao Zhou
- grid.412615.50000 0004 1803 6239Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Street, No. 58, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Zhixiong Wang
- grid.412615.50000 0004 1803 6239Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Street, No. 58, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Street, No. 58, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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CD47-targeted immunotherapy unleashes antitumour immunity in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer. Clin Immunol 2023; 247:109238. [PMID: 36690192 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to enhance the antitumour immunity in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC). We performed RNA-seq analysis to compare the differential expression genes between EBVaGC and EBV-negative gastric cancer (EBVnGC) patients. The expression levels of CD68, CD163 and CD47 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Different subsets of macrophages were investigated by a coincubation model. The effects of CD47 blockade were also detected. The expression levels of CD68, CD163 and CD47 were significantly higher in EBVaGC, and were associated with poor prognoses. Macrophages coincubated with EBV+ AGS cells tended to be immunosuppressed, which could be reversed by CD47 deficiency or blocking CD47. EBV resulted in cGAS-STING pathway activation, which stimulated CD47 expression and inhibited macrophage phagocytosis. Anti-CD47 therapy activated cGAS-STING signaling, which was responsible for production of IFN-β, resulting in activation of antitumour immunity. Our results provide a promising new strategy for CD47-targeted immunotherapy in EBVaGC.
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Noh JH, Shin JY, Lee JH, Park YS, Lee IS, Kim GH, Na HK, Ahn JY, Jung KW, Kim DH, Choi KD, Song HJ, Lee GH, Jung HY. Clinical Significance of Epstein-Barr Virus and Helicobacter pylori Infection in Gastric Carcinoma. Gut Liver 2023; 17:69-77. [PMID: 35611669 PMCID: PMC9840931 DOI: 10.5009/gnl210593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Helicobacter pylori (HP) coinfection may synergistically induce severe inflammatory responses in the stomach tissue, increasing the risk of developing gastric cancer. We aimed to analyze the effect of EBV and HP coinfection on the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of gastric cancer, as well as to evaluate the role of EBV infection in non-gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (non-GCLS). Methods Overall, 956 patients who underwent surgery for gastric cancer between September 2014 and August 2015 were eligible and divided into groups, according to GCLS morphology, EBV infection, and HP infection. Clinicopathologic characteristics and oncologic outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. Results EBV and HP coinfection was significantly associated with male sex, proximal location, GCLS morphology, and equivocal p53 expression (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that EBV infection alone (hazard ratio [HR], 0.362; 95% CI, 0.131 to 0.996; p=0.049) and lower third location (HR, 0.624; 95% CI, 0.413 to 0.943; p=0.025) were inversely correlated with overall survival. During median follow-up period of 72 months, overall survival rate was not significantly different between the EBV and HP coinfection group and others (97.6% vs 86.8%; log-rank p=0.144). In non-GCLS patients (n=920), overall survival rate was not significantly different between the EBV infection group and others (96.9% vs 86.4%; log-rank p=0.126). Conclusions EBV and HP coinfection is not an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer. EBV infection status, regardless of HP infection, affects the clinicopathologic features of all types of gastric cancer. However, it does not lead to a significant difference in overall survival of non-GCLS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Noh
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Young Shin
- Departments of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Lee
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Corresponding AuthorJeong Hoon Lee, ORCIDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0778-7585, E-mail
| | - Young Soo Park
- Departments of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Young Soo Park, ORCIDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5389-4245, E-mail
| | - In-Seob Lee
- Departments of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ga Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Kyong Na
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yong Ahn
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Wook Jung
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Don Choi
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho June Song
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gin Hyug Lee
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwoon-Yong Jung
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee BE. Clinical Relevance of Helicobacter pylori Coinfection in Ebstein-Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Carcinoma. Gut Liver 2023; 17:3-5. [PMID: 36636883 PMCID: PMC9840921 DOI: 10.5009/gnl220530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bong Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea,Corresponding AuthorBong Eun Lee, ORCIDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2734-2134, E-mail
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Neto BV, Tavares V, Santos JMO, Cerqueira F, Pereira D, Medeiros R. Map of thrombogenesis in viral infections and viral-driven tumours. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:3. [PMID: 36617364 PMCID: PMC9826626 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are pathogenic agents responsible for approximately 10% of all human cancers and significantly contribute to the global cancer burden. Until now, eight viruses have been associated with the development of a broad range of malignancies, including solid and haematological tumours. Besides triggering and promoting oncogenesis, viral infections often go hand-in-hand with haemostatic changes, representing a potential risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Conversely, VTE is a cardiovascular condition that is particularly common among oncological patients, with a detrimental impact on patient prognosis. Despite an association between viral infections and coagulopathies, it is unclear whether viral-driven tumours have a different incidence and prognosis pattern of thromboembolism compared to non-viral-induced tumours. Thus, this review aims to analyse the existing evidence concerning the association of viruses and viral tumours with the occurrence of VTE. Except for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which are associated with a high risk of VTE, little evidence exists concerning the thrombogenic potential associated with oncoviruses. As for tumours that can be induced by oncoviruses, four levels of VTE risk are observed, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and gastric carcinoma (GC) associated with the highest risk and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) associated with the lowest risk. Unfortunately, the incidence of cancer-related VTE according to tumour aetiology is unknown. Given the negative impact of VTE in oncological patients, research is required to better understand the mechanisms underlying blood hypercoagulability in viral-driven tumours to improve VTE management and prognosis assessment in patients diagnosed with these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Vieira Neto
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/ Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/ RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Valéria Tavares
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/ Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/ RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana M O Santos
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/ Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/ RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Cerqueira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/ Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/ RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- FP-I3ID, FP-ENAS, FP-BHS, University Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Pereira
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/ Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/ RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
- FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
- ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- FP-I3ID, FP-ENAS, FP-BHS, University Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004, Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal.
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172, Porto, Portugal.
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Li Z, Ke X, Zuo D, Wang Z, Fang F, Li B. New Insights into the Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Radiotherapy for Cancer. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010048. [PMID: 36615706 PMCID: PMC9824372 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second most common cause of death among humans in the world, and the threat that it presents to human health is becoming more and more serious. The mechanisms of cancer development have not yet been fully elucidated, and new therapies are changing with each passing day. Evidence from the literature has validated the finding that the composition and modification of gut microbiota play an important role in the development of many different types of cancer. The results also demonstrate that there is a bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota and radiotherapy treatments for cancer. In a nutshell, the modifications of the gut microbiota caused by radiotherapy have an effect on tumor radiosensitivity and, as a result, affect the efficacy of radiotherapy and show a certain radiation toxicity, which leads to numerous side effects. What is of new research significance is that the "gut-organ axis" formed by the gut microbiota may be one of the most interesting potential mechanisms, although the relevant research is still very limited. In this review, we combine new insights into the relationship between the gut microbiota, cancer, and radiotherapy. Based on our current comprehensive understanding of this relationship, we give an overview of the new cancer treatments based on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiyang Ke
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Dan Zuo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fang Fang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-85619455
| | - Bo Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Zhong L, Krummenacher C, Zhang W, Hong J, Feng Q, Chen Y, Zhao Q, Zeng MS, Zeng YX, Xu M, Zhang X. Urgency and necessity of Epstein-Barr virus prophylactic vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:159. [PMID: 36494369 PMCID: PMC9734748 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a γ-herpesvirus, is the first identified oncogenic virus, which establishes permanent infection in humans. EBV causes infectious mononucleosis and is also tightly linked to many malignant diseases. Various vaccine formulations underwent testing in different animals or in humans. However, none of them was able to prevent EBV infection and no vaccine has been approved to date. Current efforts focus on antigen selection, combination, and design to improve the efficacy of vaccines. EBV glycoproteins such as gH/gL, gp42, and gB show excellent immunogenicity in preclinical studies compared to the previously favored gp350 antigen. Combinations of multiple EBV proteins in various vaccine designs become more attractive approaches considering the complex life cycle and complicated infection mechanisms of EBV. Besides, rationally designed vaccines such as virus-like particles (VLPs) and protein scaffold-based vaccines elicited more potent immune responses than soluble antigens. In addition, humanized mice, rabbits, as well as nonhuman primates that can be infected by EBV significantly aid vaccine development. Innovative vaccine design approaches, including polymer-based nanoparticles, the development of effective adjuvants, and antibody-guided vaccine design, will further enhance the immunogenicity of vaccine candidates. In this review, we will summarize (i) the disease burden caused by EBV and the necessity of developing an EBV vaccine; (ii) previous EBV vaccine studies and available animal models; (iii) future trends of EBV vaccines, including activation of cellular immune responses, novel immunogen design, heterologous prime-boost approach, induction of mucosal immunity, application of nanoparticle delivery system, and modern adjuvant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhong
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong PR China
| | - Claude Krummenacher
- grid.262671.60000 0000 8828 4546Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ USA
| | - Wanlin Zhang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong PR China
| | - Junping Hong
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian PR China
| | - Qisheng Feng
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong PR China
| | - Yixin Chen
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian PR China
| | - Qinjian Zhao
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong PR China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong PR China
| | - Miao Xu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong PR China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong PR China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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Spagnol LW, Polettini J, Silveira DA, Wegner GRM, Paiva DFF. P16 gene promoter methylation is associated with oncogenesis and progression of gastric carcinomas: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 180:103843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Xiang J, Gong W, Sun P, Wang X, Liu A. Efficacy and safety of camrelizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in patients with untreated, HER2-negative, unresectable locally advanced, or metastatic gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction cancer: a retrospective comparative cohort study. J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 13:2874-2884. [PMID: 36636085 PMCID: PMC9830341 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-22-1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nivolumab combined with chemotherapy has been shown to improve prognosis in patients with untreated, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced gastric cancer (GC) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) combined positive score (CPS) ≥5. However, the available first-line treatment options for advanced GC are limited. Analysis of efficacy and safety of other programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibodies combined with chemotherapy may provide alternative treatment options. Methods This retrospective study included patients with untreated, HER2-negative, unresectable locally advanced, or metastatic GC or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer who received either camrelizumab combined with oxaliplatin plus S-1 (SOX)/capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CapeOX) or SOX/CapOX alone between November 2020 and April 2022. The objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety were evaluated. Results This study included 49 patients in camrelizumab plus chemotherapy group and 54 in chemotherapy group. The baseline clinical characteristics beyond Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status and PD-L1 CPS had no difference between combination group and chemotherapy group. ORR and DCR were significantly higher in combination therapy group than in chemotherapy group (59.18% vs. 38.89%, P=0.048; 83.67% vs. 62.96%, P=0.018). The median PFS in combination group was significantly longer than chemotherapy group [10.03 vs. 6.24 months, hazard ratio (HR) 0.603, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.368-0.989, P=0.045]. The OS was not mature at the time of the OS analysis, with 40% patients died. Subgroup analyses showed that PFS was longer in patients with PD-L1 CPS ≥1 compared with CPS <1 and in patients with a neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) <2.38 compared with ≥2.38. The most common grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were granulocytopenia (57% in combination group vs. 54% in chemotherapy group), anemia (39% vs. 33%, respectively), and thrombocytopenia (39% vs. 33%, respectively). The proportion of reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation (RCCEP, 73% vs. 0%) was higher in combination group relative to chemotherapy group; all were grades 1-2. Conclusions Among patients treated with camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy, the clinical outcomes were superior to those patients treated with chemotherapy. However, these promising findings need to be confirmed in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Xiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Wenjing Gong
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Medical Department, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Aina Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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Estaji F, Nasr Esfahani B, Zibaee S, Sanei MH, Moghim S. Epstein-barr virus/ Helicobacter pylori coinfection and gastric cancer: the possible role of viral gene expression and shp1 methylation. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 14:901-912. [PMID: 36721441 PMCID: PMC9867624 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v14i6.11265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Among the various factors involved in the development of gastric cancer (GC), infectious agents are one of the most important causative inducers. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of EBV gene expression on SHP1 methylation in co-infection with Helicobacter pylori in patients with GC. Materials and Methods Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples were obtained from 150 patients with gastrointestinal disorders. The presence of the H. pylori and EBV genome were examined by PCR. The expression level of viral gene transcripts and methylation status of the SHP1 cellular gene was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and methyl-specific PCR. Results EBV and H. pylori coinfection were reported in 5.6% of patients. The mean DNA viral load was significant in patients coinfected with cagA-positive H. pylori (P= 0.02). The expression of BZLF1 and EBER was associated with GC. Also, the expression level of BZLF1in GC tissues was significantly higher in coinfection (P = 0.01). SHP1 methylation frequency was higher in the GC group than in the control group (P = 0.04). The correlation between the methylation rate and the H. pylori infection was highly significant (P<0.0001). The strongest positive correlation was observed in GC specimens between SHP1 methylation and H. pylori cagA-positive strains (p= 0.003). Conclusion Our results suggested that cagA might involve in the elevation of EBV lytic gene expression and SHP1 methylation, and the development of gastric cancer. Understanding the mechanism of EBV H. pylori - cagA + coinfection, as well as host epigenetic changes, can play an important role in diagnosing and preventing gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Estaji
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahram Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeed Zibaee
- Department of Research and Development of Biological Products, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Sanei
- Department of Pathology, Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sharareh Moghim
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Corresponding author: Sharareh Moghim, Ph.D, Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Tel: +98-31-37929013 Fax: +98-31-36688597
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Virus Association with Gastric Inflammation and Cancer: An Updated Overview. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.52547/jommid.10.4.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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