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Li D, Li H, Feng H, Qi P, Wu Z. Unveiling kiwifruit TCP genes: evolution, functions, and expression insights. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2338985. [PMID: 38597293 PMCID: PMC11008546 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2338985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The TEOSINTE-BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLEFERATING-CELL-FACTORS (TCP) gene family is a plant-specific transcriptional factor family involved in leaf morphogenesis and senescence, lateral branching, hormone crosstalk, and stress responses. To date, a systematic study on the identification and characterization of the TCP gene family in kiwifruit has not been reported. Additionally, the function of kiwifruit TCPs in regulating kiwifruit responses to the ethylene treatment and bacterial canker disease pathogen (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, Psa) has not been investigated. Here, we identified 40 and 26 TCP genes in Actinidia chinensis (Ac) and A. eriantha (Ae) genomes, respectively. The synteny analysis of AcTCPs illustrated that whole-genome duplication accounted for the expansion of the TCP family in Ac. Phylogenetic, conserved domain, and selection pressure analysis indicated that TCP family genes in Ac and Ae had undergone different evolutionary patterns after whole-genome duplication (WGD) events, causing differences in TCP gene number and distribution. Our results also suggested that protein structure and cis-element architecture in promoter regions of TCP genes have driven the function divergence of duplicated gene pairs. Three and four AcTCP genes significantly affected kiwifruit responses to the ethylene treatment and Psa invasion, respectively. Our results provided insight into general characters, evolutionary patterns, and functional diversity of kiwifruit TCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Li
- College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Haibo Li
- College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Huimin Feng
- College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Qi
- College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhicheng Wu
- College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
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2
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Chong X, Liu Y, Li P, Wang Y, Zhou T, Chen H, Wang H. Heterologous Expression of Chrysanthemum TCP Transcription Factor CmTCP13 Enhances Salinity Tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2118. [PMID: 39124235 PMCID: PMC11313808 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Plant-specific TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) proteins play critical roles in plant development and stress responses; however, their functions in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) have not been well-studied. In this study, we isolated and characterized the chrysanthemum TCP transcription factor family gene CmTCP13, a homolog of AtTCP13. This gene encoded a protein harboring a conserved basic helix-loop-helix motif, and its expression was induced by salinity stress in chrysanthemum plants. Subcellular localization experiments showed that CmTCP13 localized in the nucleus. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of multiple stress- and hormone-responsive cis-elements in the promoter region of CmTCP13. The heterologous expression of CmTCP13 in Arabidopsis plants enhanced their tolerance to salinity stress. Under salinity stress, CmTCP13 transgenic plants exhibited enhanced germination, root length, seedling growth, and chlorophyll content and reduced relative electrical conductivity compared with those exhibited by wild-type (WT) plants. Moreover, the expression levels of stress-related genes, including AtSOS3, AtP5CS2, AtRD22, AtRD29A, and AtDREB2A, were upregulated in CmTCP13 transgenic plants than in WT plants under salt stress. Taken together, our results demonstrate that CmTCP13 is a critical regulator of salt stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Chong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Institute of Jiangxi Oil-Tea Camellia, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Peiling Li
- College of Horticulture, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Wang Y, Qin M, Zhang G, Lu J, Zhang C, Ma N, Sun X, Gao J. Transcription factor RhRAP2.4L orchestrates cell proliferation and expansion to control petal size in rose. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2338-2353. [PMID: 38084893 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining proper flower size is vital for plant reproduction and adaption to the environment. Petal size is determined by spatiotemporally regulated cell proliferation and expansion. However, the mechanisms underlying the orchestration of cell proliferation and expansion during petal growth remains elusive. Here, we determined that the transition from cell proliferation to expansion involves a series of distinct and overlapping processes during rose (Rosa hybrida) petal growth. Changes in cytokinin content were associated with the transition from cell proliferation to expansion during petal growth. RNA sequencing identified the AP2/ERF transcription factor gene RELATED TO AP2 4-LIKE (RhRAP2.4L), whose expression pattern positively associated with cytokinin levels during rose petal development. Silencing RhRAP2.4L promoted the transition from cell proliferation to expansion and decreased petal size. RhRAP2.4L regulates cell proliferation by directly repressing the expression of KIP RELATED PROTEIN 2 (RhKRP2), encoding a cell cycle inhibitor. In addition, we also identified BIG PETALub (RhBPEub) as another direct target gene of RhRAP2.4L. Silencing RhBPEub decreased cell size, leading to reduced petal size. Furthermore, the cytokinin signaling protein ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 14 (RhARR14) activated RhRAP2.4L expression to inhibit the transition from cell proliferation to expansion, thereby regulating petal size. Our results demonstrate that RhRAP2.4L performs dual functions in orchestrating cell proliferation and expansion during petal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meizhu Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guifang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyun Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chengkun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Huang R, Irish VF. An epigenetic timer regulates the transition from cell division to cell expansion during Arabidopsis petal organogenesis. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011203. [PMID: 38442104 PMCID: PMC10942257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have demonstrated that epigenetic factors regulate plant developmental timing in response to environmental changes. However, we still have an incomplete view of how epigenetic factors can regulate developmental events such as organogenesis, and the transition from cell division to cell expansion, in plants. The small number of cell types and the relatively simple developmental progression required to form the Arabidopsis petal makes it a good model to investigate the molecular mechanisms driving plant organogenesis. In this study, we investigated how the RABBIT EARS (RBE) transcriptional repressor maintains the downregulation of its downstream direct target, TCP5, long after RBE expression dissipates. We showed that RBE recruits the Groucho/Tup1-like corepressor TOPLESS (TPL) to repress TCP5 transcription in petal primordia. This process involves multiple layers of changes such as remodeling of chromatin accessibility, alteration of RNA polymerase activity, and histone modifications, resulting in an epigenetic memory that is maintained through multiple cell divisions. This memory functions to maintain cell divisions during the early phase of petal development, and its attenuation in a cell division-dependent fashion later in development enables the transition from cell division to cell expansion. Overall, this study unveils a novel mechanism by which the memory of an epigenetic state, and its cell-cycle regulated decay, acts as a timer to precisely control organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Huang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Vivian F. Irish
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Zhou F, Zhang H, Chen S, Fan C. Transcriptome analysis of the transition from primary to secondary growth of vertical stem in Eucalyptus grandis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:96. [PMID: 38331783 PMCID: PMC10851593 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Eucalyptus was one of the most cultivated hardwood species worldwide, with rapid growth, good wood properties and a wide range of adaptability. Eucalyptus stem undergoes primary growth (longitudinal growth) followed by secondary growth (radial growth), which produces biomass that is an important source of energy worldwide. In order to better understand the genetic regulation of secondary growth in Eucalyptus grandis, Transcriptome analyses in stem segments along a developmental gradient from the third internode to the eleventh internode of E. grandis that spanned primary to secondary growth were carried out. 5,149 genes that were differentially expressed during stem development were identified. Combining the trend analysis by the Mfuzz method and the module-trait correlation analysis by the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis method, a total of 70 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) selected from 868 DEGs with high connectivity were found to be closely correlated with secondary growth. Results revealed that the differential expression of these DEGs suggests that they may involve in the primary growth or secondary growth. AP1, YAB2 TFs and EXP genes are highly expressed in the IN3, whereas NAC, MYB TFs are likely to be important for secondary growth. These results will expand our understanding of the complex molecular and cellular events of secondary growth and provide a foundation for future studies on wood formation in Eucalyptus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration On Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration On Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration On Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunjie Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration On Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China.
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Hur YS, Oh J, Kim N, Kim S, Son O, Kim J, Um JH, Ji Z, Kim MH, Ko JH, Ohme-Takagi M, Choi G, Cheon CI. Arabidopsis transcription factor TCP13 promotes shade avoidance syndrome-like responses by directly targeting a subset of shade-responsive gene promoters. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:241-257. [PMID: 37824096 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
TCP13 belongs to a subgroup of TCP transcription factors implicated in the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), but its exact role remains unclear. Here, we show that TCP13 promotes the SAS-like response by enhancing hypocotyl elongation and suppressing flavonoid biosynthesis as a part of the incoherent feed-forward loop in light signaling. Shade is known to promote the SAS by activating PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF)-auxin signaling in plants, but we found no evidence in a transcriptome analysis that TCP13 activates PIF-auxin signaling. Instead, TCP13 mimics shade by activating the expression of a subset of shade-inducible and cell elongation-promoting SAUR genes including SAUR19, by direct targeting of their promoters. We also found that TCP13 and PIF4, a molecular proxy for shade, repress the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes by directly targeting both shared and distinct sets of biosynthetic gene promoters. Together, our results indicate that TCP13 promotes the SAS-like response by directly targeting a subset of shade-responsive genes without activating the PIF-auxin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Sun Hur
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jeonghwa Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Namuk Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sunghan Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Ora Son
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Um
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Zuowei Ji
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Min-Ha Kim
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Masaru Ohme-Takagi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Giltsu Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Choong-Ill Cheon
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
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7
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Lam C. Design and mathematical analysis of activating transcriptional amplifiers that enable modular temporal control in synthetic juxtacrine circuits. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2023; 8:654-672. [PMID: 37868744 PMCID: PMC10587772 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to control mammalian cells such that they self-organize or enact therapeutic effects as desired has incredible implications. Not only would it further our understanding of native processes such as development and the immune response, but it would also have powerful applications in medical fields such as regenerative medicine and immunotherapy. This control is typically obtained by synthetic circuits that use synthetic receptors, but control remains incomplete. The synthetic juxtacrine receptors (SJRs) are widely used as they are fully modular and enable spatial control, but they have limited gene expression amplification and temporal control. As these are integral facets to cell control, I therefore designed transcription factor based amplifiers that amplify gene expression and enable unidirectional temporal control by prolonging duration of target gene expression. Using a validated in silico framework for SJR signaling, I combined these amplifiers with SJRs and show that these SJR amplifier circuits can direct spatiotemporal patterning and improve the quality of self-organization. I then show that these circuits can improve chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell tumor killing against various heterogenous antigen expression tumors. These amplifiers are flexible tools that improve control over SJR based circuits with both basic and therapeutic applications.
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Saffer AM, Baskin TI, Verma A, Stanislas T, Oldenbourg R, Irish VF. Cellulose assembles into helical bundles of uniform handedness in cell walls with abnormal pectin composition. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:855-870. [PMID: 37548081 PMCID: PMC10592269 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells and organs grow into a remarkable diversity of shapes, as directed by cell walls composed primarily of polysaccharides such as cellulose and multiple structurally distinct pectins. The properties of the cell wall that allow for precise control of morphogenesis are distinct from those of the individual polysaccharide components. For example, cellulose, the primary determinant of cell morphology, is a chiral macromolecule that can self-assemble in vitro into larger-scale structures of consistent chirality, and yet most plant cells do not display consistent chirality in their growth. One interesting exception is the Arabidopsis thaliana rhm1 mutant, which has decreased levels of the pectin rhamnogalacturonan-I and causes conical petal epidermal cells to grow with a left-handed helical twist. Here, we show that in rhm1 the cellulose is bundled into large macrofibrils, unlike the evenly distributed microfibrils of the wild type. This cellulose bundling becomes increasingly severe over time, consistent with cellulose being synthesized normally and then self-associating into macrofibrils. We also show that in the wild type, cellulose is oriented transversely, whereas in rhm1 mutants, the cellulose forms right-handed helices that can account for the helical morphology of the petal cells. Our results indicate that when the composition of pectin is altered, cellulose can form cellular-scale chiral structures in vivo, analogous to the helicoids formed in vitro by cellulose nano-crystals. We propose that an important emergent property of the interplay between rhamnogalacturonan-I and cellulose is to permit the assembly of nonbundled cellulose structures, providing plants flexibility to orient cellulose and direct morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Saffer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Tobias I Baskin
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, 611 N. Pleasant St, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Amitabh Verma
- Marine Biological Laboratories, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA
| | - Thomas Stanislas
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRAE, CNRS, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Rudolf Oldenbourg
- Marine Biological Laboratories, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA
| | - Vivian F Irish
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
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Huang Y, Zhao X, Zheng Q, He X, Zhang MM, Ke S, Li Y, Zhang C, Ahmad S, Lan S, Liu ZJ. Genome-Wide Identification of TCP Gene Family in Dendrobium and Their Expression Patterns in Dendrobium chrysotoxum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14320. [PMID: 37762622 PMCID: PMC10531990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The TCP gene family are plant-specific transcription factors that play important roles in plant growth and development. Dendrobium chrysotoxum, D. nobile, and D. huoshanense are orchids with a high ornamental value, but few studies have investigated the specific functions of TCPs in Dendrobium flower development. In this study, we used these three Dendrobium species to analyze TCPs, examining their physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and expression profiles. A total of 50 TCPs were identified across three Dendrobium species; they were divided into two clades-Class-I (PCF subfamily) and Class-II (CIN and CYC/TB1 subfamilies)-based on their phylogenetic relationships. Our sequence logo analysis showed that almost all Dendrobium TCPs contain a conserved TCP domain, as well as the existence of fewer exons, and the cis-regulatory elements of the TCPs were mostly related to light response. In addition, our transcriptomic data and qRT-PCR results showed that DchTCP2 and DchTCP13 had a significant impact on lateral organs. Moreover, changes in the expression level of DchTCP4 suggested its important role in the phenotypic variation of floral organs. Therefore, this study provides a significant reference for the further exploration of TCP gene functions in the regulation of different floral organs in Dendrobium orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Huang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.H.); (M.-M.Z.); (S.K.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (S.A.)
| | - Xuewei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.H.); (M.-M.Z.); (S.K.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (S.A.)
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qinyao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.H.); (M.-M.Z.); (S.K.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (S.A.)
| | - Xin He
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.H.); (M.-M.Z.); (S.K.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (S.A.)
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meng-Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.H.); (M.-M.Z.); (S.K.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (S.A.)
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shijie Ke
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.H.); (M.-M.Z.); (S.K.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (S.A.)
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.H.); (M.-M.Z.); (S.K.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (S.A.)
| | - Cuili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.H.); (M.-M.Z.); (S.K.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (S.A.)
| | - Sagheer Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.H.); (M.-M.Z.); (S.K.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (S.A.)
| | - Siren Lan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.H.); (M.-M.Z.); (S.K.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (S.A.)
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.H.); (M.-M.Z.); (S.K.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (S.A.)
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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10
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Lan J, Wang N, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Yu H, Cao X, Qin G. Arabidopsis TCP4 transcription factor inhibits high temperature-induced homeotic conversion of ovules. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5673. [PMID: 37704599 PMCID: PMC10499876 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal high temperature (HT) caused by global warming threatens plant survival and food security, but the effects of HT on plant organ identity are elusive. Here, we show that Class II TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/ PCF (TCP) transcription factors redundantly protect ovule identity under HT. The duodecuple tcp2/3/4/5/10/13/17/24/1/12/18/16 (tcpDUO) mutant displays HT-induced ovule conversion into carpelloid structures. Expression of TCP4 in tcpDUO complements the ovule identity conversion. TCP4 interacts with AGAMOUS (AG), SEPALLATA3 (SEP3), and the homeodomain transcription factor BELL1 (BEL1) to strengthen the association of BEL1 with AG-SEP3. The tcpDUO mutant synergistically interacts with bel1 and the ovule identity gene seedstick (STK) mutant stk in tcpDUO bel1 and tcpDUO stk. Our findings reveal the critical roles of Class II TCPs in maintaining ovule identity under HT and shed light on the molecular mechanisms by which ovule identity is determined by the integration of internal factors and environmental temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yidan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Genji Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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11
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Viola IL, Gonzalez DH. TCP Transcription Factors in Plant Reproductive Development: Juggling Multiple Roles. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050750. [PMID: 37238620 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factors (TFs) are plant-specific transcriptional regulators exerting multiple functions in plant growth and development. Ever since one of the founding members of the family was described, encoded by the CYCLOIDEA (CYC) gene from Antirrhinum majus and involved in the regulation of floral symmetry, the role of these TFs in reproductive development was established. Subsequent studies indicated that members of the CYC clade of TCP TFs were important for the evolutionary diversification of flower form in a multitude of species. In addition, more detailed studies of the function of TCPs from other clades revealed roles in different processes related to plant reproductive development, such as the regulation of flowering time, the growth of the inflorescence stem, and the correct growth and development of flower organs. In this review, we summarize the different roles of members of the TCP family during plant reproductive development as well as the molecular networks involved in their action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana L Viola
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Daniel H Gonzalez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
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12
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Kim Y, Wang J, Ma C, Jong C, Jin M, Cha J, Wang J, Peng Y, Ni H, Li H, Yang M, Chen Q, Xin D. GmTCP and GmNLP Underlying Nodulation Character in Soybean Depending on Nitrogen. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097750. [PMID: 37175456 PMCID: PMC10178161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean is a cereal crop with high protein and oil content which serves as the main source of plant-based protein and oil for human consumption. The symbiotic relationship between legumes and rhizobia contributes significantly to soybean yield and quality, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood, hindering efforts to improve soybean productivity. In this study, we conducted a transcriptome analysis and identified 22 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from nodule-related quantitative trait loci (QTL) located in chromosomes 12 and 19. Subsequently, we performed functional characterisation and haplotype analysis to identify key candidate genes among the 22 DEGs that are responsive to nitrate. Our findings identified GmTCP (TEOSINTE-BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF) and GmNLP (NIN-LIKE PROTEIN) as the key candidate genes that regulate the soybean nodule phenotype in response to nitrogen concentration. We conducted homologous gene mutant analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana, which revealed that the homologous genes of GmTCP and GmNLP play a vital role in regulating root development in response to nitrogen concentration. We further performed overexpression and gene knockout of GmTCP and GmNLP through hairy root transformation in soybeans and analysed the effects of GmTCP and GmNLP on nodulation under different nitrogen concentrations using transgenic lines. Overexpressing GmTCP and GmNLP resulted in significant differences in soybean hairy root nodulation phenotypes, such as nodule number (NN) and nodule dry weight (NDW), under varying nitrate conditions. Our results demonstrate that GmTCP and GmNLP are involved in regulating soybean nodulation in response to nitrogen concentration, providing new insights into the mechanism of soybean symbiosis establishment underlying different nitrogen concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchol Kim
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Cholnam Jong
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Myongil Jin
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Jinmyong Cha
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Yang Peng
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Hejia Ni
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Haibo Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Mingliang Yang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Qingshan Chen
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Dawei Xin
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150036, China
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13
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Pu Y, Liao M, Li J, Tian Y, Wang Z, Song X, Dai S. Floral Development Stage-Specific Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Formation Mechanism of Different Shapes of Ray Florets in Chrysanthemum. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030766. [PMID: 36981036 PMCID: PMC10048392 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation mechanism of different ray floret shapes of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium) remains elusive due to its complex genetic background. C. vestitum, with the basic ray floret shapes of the flat, spoon, and tubular types, is considered a model material for studying ray floret morphogenesis. In this study, the flat and tubular type lines of C. vestitum at specific stages were used to investigate the key genes that regulate morphological differences in ray florets. We found that the expression levels of genes related to auxin synthesis, transport, and response were generally higher in the tubular type than in the flat type. CvARF3 was highly expressed in the flat type, while CvARF5 and CvARF6 were highly expressed in the tubular type. Additionally, the transcription levels of Class B and E genes closely related to petal development, including CvPI, CvAP3, Cvdefh21, CvSEP3, and CvCDM77, were expressed at higher levels in the tubular type than the flat type. Based on the results, it is proposed that auxin plays a key role in the development of ray florets, and auxin-related genes, especially CvARFs, may be key genes to control the morphological difference of ray florets. Simultaneously, MADS-box genes are involved in the co-regulation of ray floret morphogenesis. The results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of different petal type formation and lay a theoretical foundation for the directional breeding of petal type in chrysanthemums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Pu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Minling Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junzhuo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuankai Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhongman Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiang Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Silan Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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14
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Chahtane H, Lai X, Tichtinsky G, Rieu P, Arnoux-Courseaux M, Cancé C, Marondedze C, Parcy F. Flower Development in Arabidopsis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2686:3-38. [PMID: 37540352 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3299-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Like in other angiosperms, the development of flowers in Arabidopsis starts right after the floral transition, when the shoot apical meristem (SAM) stops producing leaves and makes flowers instead. On the flanks of the SAM emerge the flower meristems (FM) that will soon differentiate into the four main floral organs, sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil, stereotypically arranged in concentric whorls. Each phase of flower development-floral transition, floral bud initiation, and floral organ development-is under the control of specific gene networks. In this chapter, we describe these different phases and the gene regulatory networks involved, from the floral transition to the floral termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Chahtane
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Green Mission Pierre Fabre, Conservatoire Botanique Pierre Fabre, Soual, France
| | - Xuelei Lai
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Philippe Rieu
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Coralie Cancé
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
| | - Claudius Marondedze
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Midlands State University, Senga, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - François Parcy
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France.
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15
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Damerval C, Claudot C, Le Guilloux M, Conde e Silva N, Brunaud V, Soubigou-Taconnat L, Caius J, Delannoy E, Nadot S, Jabbour F, Deveaux Y. Evolutionary analyses and expression patterns of TCP genes in Ranunculales. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1055196. [PMID: 36531353 PMCID: PMC9752903 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1055196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
TCP transcription factors play a role in a large number of developmental processes and are at the crossroads of numerous hormonal biosynthetic and signaling pathways. The complete repertoire of TCP genes has already been characterized in several plant species, but not in any species of early diverging eudicots. We focused on the order Ranunculales because of its phylogenetic position as sister group to all other eudicots and its important morphological diversity. Results show that all the TCP genes expressed in the floral transcriptome of Nigella damascena (Ranunculaceae) are the orthologs of the TCP genes previously identified from the fully sequenced genome of Aquilegia coerulea. Phylogenetic analyses combined with the identification of conserved amino acid motifs suggest that six paralogous genes of class I TCP transcription factors were present in the common ancestor of angiosperms. We highlight independent duplications in core eudicots and Ranunculales within the class I and class II subfamilies, resulting in different numbers of paralogs within the main subclasses of TCP genes. This has most probably major consequences on the functional diversification of these genes in different plant clades. The expression patterns of TCP genes in Nigella damascena were consistent with the general suggestion that CIN and class I TCP genes may have redundant roles or take part in same pathways, while CYC/TB1 genes have more specific actions. Our findings open the way for future studies at the tissue level, and for investigating redundancy and subfunctionalisation in TCP genes and their role in the evolution of morphological novelties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Damerval
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution-Le Moulon, IDEEV, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Carmine Claudot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution-Le Moulon, IDEEV, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Martine Le Guilloux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution-Le Moulon, IDEEV, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Natalia Conde e Silva
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution-Le Moulon, IDEEV, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Véronique Brunaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - José Caius
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Etienne Delannoy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Nadot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Orsay, France
| | - Florian Jabbour
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Yves Deveaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution-Le Moulon, IDEEV, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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16
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Zhou H, Hwarari D, Ma H, Xu H, Yang L, Luo Y. Genomic survey of TCP transcription factors in plants: Phylogenomics, evolution and their biology. Front Genet 2022; 13:1060546. [PMID: 36437962 PMCID: PMC9682074 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1060546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (TBI1), CYCLOIDEA (CYC), and PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN FACTORS (PCF1 and PCF2) proteins truncated as TCP transcription factors carry conserved basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) structure, related to DNA binding functions. Evolutionary history of the TCP genes has shown their presence in early land plants. In this paper, we performed a comparative discussion on the current knowledge of the TCP Transcription Factors in lower and higher plants: their evolutionary history based on the phylogenetics of 849 TCP proteins from 37 plant species, duplication events, and biochemical roles in some of the plants species. Phylogenetics investigations confirmed the classification of TCP TFs into Class I (the PCF1/2), and Class II (the C- clade) factors; the Class II factors were further divided into the CIN- and CYC/TB1- subclade. A trace in the evolution of the TCP Factors revealed an absence of the CYC/TB1subclade in lower plants, and an independent evolution of the CYC/TB1subclade in both eudicot and monocot species. 54% of the total duplication events analyzed were biased towards the dispersed duplication, and we concluded that dispersed duplication events contributed to the expansion of the TCP gene family. Analysis in the TCP factors functional roles confirmed their involvement in various biochemical processes which mainly included promoting cell proliferation in leaves in Class I TCPs, and cell division during plant development in Class II TCP Factors. Apart from growth and development, the TCP Factors were also shown to regulate hormonal and stress response pathways. Although this paper does not exhaust the present knowledge of the TCP Transcription Factors, it provides a base for further exploration of the gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative In-novation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
| | - Delight Hwarari
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibin Xu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Yang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuming Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative In-novation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
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17
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Takeda S, Hamamura Y, Sakamoto T, Kimura S, Aida M, Higashiyama T. Non-cell-autonomous regulation of petal initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Development 2022; 149:276288. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In many flowering plants, petals initiate in alternate positions from first whorl sepals, suggesting possible signaling between sepal boundaries and petal initiation sites. PETAL LOSS (PTL) and RABBIT EARS (RBE) regulate petal initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana and their transcripts are expressed in sepal boundary and petal initiation sites, respectively, suggesting that PTL acts in a non-cell-autonomous manner. Here, we determined that cells expressing PTL and RBE fusion proteins did not overlap but were adjacent, confirming the non-cell-autonomous function of PTL. Genetic ablation of intersepal cells by expressing the diphtheria toxin-A chain gene driven by the PTL promoter resulted in flowers lacking petals, suggesting these cells are required for petal initiation. Transcriptome analysis combined with a PTL induction system revealed 42 genes that were upregulated under PTL activation, including UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO), which likely plays an important role in petal initiation. These findings suggest a molecular mechanism in which PTL indirectly regulates petal initiation and UFO mediates positional signaling between the sepal boundary and petal initiation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Takeda
- Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University 1 , Shimogamo Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522 , Japan
- Kyoto Prefectural Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries Technology Centre 2 Biotechnology Research Department , , Kitaina Yazuma Oji 74, Seika, Kyoto 619-0244 , Japan
| | - Yuki Hamamura
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University 3 Division of Biological Science , , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 , Japan
- University of Hamburg 4 Department of Developmental Biology , , Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609 , Germany
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University 5 , Kyoto 603-8555 , Japan
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University 5 , Kyoto 603-8555 , Japan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University 6 Department of Industrial Life Sciences , , Kyoto 603-8555 , Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Aida
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University 7 , 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555 , Japan
- International Research Center for Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Kumamoto University 8 , 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555 , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University 3 Division of Biological Science , , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 , Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University 9 , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601 , Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 10 Department of Biological Sciences , , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
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18
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Edwards MB, Ballerini ES, Kramer EM. Complex developmental and transcriptional dynamics underlie pollinator-driven evolutionary transitions in nectar spur morphology in Aquilegia (columbine). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1360-1381. [PMID: 35971626 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Determining the developmental programs underlying morphological variation is key to elucidating the evolutionary processes that generated the stunning biodiversity of the angiosperms. Here, we characterized the developmental and transcriptional dynamics of the elaborate petal nectar spur of Aquilegia (columbine) in species with contrasting pollination syndromes and spur morphologies. METHODS We collected petal epidermal cell number and length data across four Aquilegia species, two with short, curved nectar spurs of the bee-pollination syndrome and two with long, straight spurs of the hummingbird-pollination syndrome. We also performed RNA-seq on A. brevistyla (bee) and A. canadensis (hummingbird) distal and proximal spur compartments at multiple developmental stages. Finally, we intersected these data sets with a previous QTL mapping study on spur length and shape to identify new candidate loci. RESULTS The differential growth between the proximal and distal surfaces of curved spurs is primarily driven by differential cell division. However, independent transitions to straight spurs in the hummingbird syndrome have evolved by increasing differential cell elongation between spur surfaces. The RNA-seq data reveal these tissues to be transcriptionally distinct and point to auxin signaling as being involved with the differential cell elongation responsible for the evolution of straight spurs. We identify several promising candidate genes for future study. CONCLUSIONS Our study, taken together with previous work in Aquilegia, reveals the complexity of the developmental mechanisms underlying trait variation in this system. The framework we established here will lead to exciting future work examining candidate genes and processes involved in the rapid radiation of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly B Edwards
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Evangeline S Ballerini
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Sacramento, 6000 J St., Sacramento, CA, 95819, USA
| | - Elena M Kramer
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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19
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Zheng X, Lan J, Yu H, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Qin Y, Su XD, Qin G. Arabidopsis transcription factor TCP4 represses chlorophyll biosynthesis to prevent petal greening. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100309. [PMID: 35605201 PMCID: PMC9284284 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Green petals pose a challenge for pollinators to distinguish flowers from leaves, but they are valuable as a specialty flower trait. However, little is understood about the molecular mechanisms that underlie the development of green petals. Here, we report that CINCINNATA (CIN)-like TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) proteins play key roles in the control of petal color. The septuple tcp2/3/4/5/10/13/17 mutant produced flowers with green petals due to chlorophyll accumulation. Expression of TCP4 complemented the petal phenotype of tcp2/3/4/5/10/13/17. We found that chloroplasts were converted into leucoplasts in the distal parts of wild-type petals but not in the proximal parts during flower development, whereas plastid conversion was compromised in the distal parts of tcp2/3/4/5/10/13/17 petals. TCP4 and most CIN-like TCPs were predominantly expressed in distal petal regions, consistent with the green-white pattern in wild-type petals and the petal greening observed in the distal parts of tcp2/3/4/5/10/13/17 petals. RNA-sequencing data revealed that most chlorophyll biosynthesis genes were downregulated in the white distal parts of wild-type petals, but these genes had elevated expression in the distal green parts of tcp2/3/4/5/10/13/17 petals and the green proximal parts of wild-type petals. We revealed that TCP4 repressed chlorophyll biosynthesis by directly binding to the promoters of PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE REDUCTASE (PORB), DIVINYL REDUCTASE (DVR), and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1 (SOC1), which are known to promote petal greening. We found that the conversion of chloroplasts to leucoplasts and the green coloration in the proximal parts of petals appeared to be conserved among plant species. Our findings uncover a major molecular mechanism that underpins the formation of petal color patterns and provide a foundation for the breeding of plants with green flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqiu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Genji Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Shang X, Han Z, Zhang D, Wang Y, Qin H, Zou Z, Zhou L, Zhu X, Fang W, Ma Y. Genome-Wide Analysis of the TCP Gene Family and Their Expression Pattern Analysis in Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:840350. [PMID: 35845692 PMCID: PMC9284231 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.840350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF have been suggested to control the cell growth and proliferation in meristems and lateral organs. A total of 37 CsTCP genes were identified and divided into two classes, class I (PCF, group 1) and class II (CIN CYC/TB1, groups 2, and 3). The residues of TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF of Camellia sinensis (Tea plant) (CsTCP) proteins between class I and class II were definitely different in the loop, helix I, and helix II regions; however, eighteen conserved tandem was found in bHLH. There are a large number of CsTCP homologous gene pairs in three groups. Additionally, most CsTCP proteins have obvious differences in motif composition. The results illuminated that CsTCP proteins in different groups are supposed to have complementary functions, whereas those in the same class seem to display function redundancies. There is no relationship between the number of CsTCP gene members and genome size, and the CsTCP gene family has only expanded since the divergence of monocots and eudicots. WGD/segmental duplication played a vital role in the expansion of the CsTCP gene family in tea plant, and the CsTCP gene family has expanded a lot. Most CsTCP genes of group 1 are more widely and non-specifically expressed, and the CsTCP genes of group 2 are mainly expressed in buds, flowers, and leaves. Most genes of group 1 and some genes of group 2 were up-/downregulated in varying degrees under different stress, CsTCP genes of group 3 basically do not respond to stress. TCP genes involved in abiotic stress response mostly belong to PCF group. Some CsTCP genes may have the same function as the homologous genes in Arabidopsis, but there is functional differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Shang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaolan Han
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dayan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ya Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Qin
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Agricultural and Forestry Service Center, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhongwei Zou
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lin Zhou
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xujun Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanping Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanchun Ma
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Huang T, Kramer EM, Lin D. Editorial: Petal Development: From Cell Biology to EvoDevo. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:951442. [PMID: 35783954 PMCID: PMC9241333 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.951442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengbo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Elena M. Kramer
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Deshu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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22
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Fu X, Shan H, Yao X, Cheng J, Jiang Y, Yin X, Kong H. Petal development and elaboration. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3308-3318. [PMID: 35275176 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Petals can be simple or elaborate, depending on whether they have complex basic structures and/or highly specialized epidermal modifications. It has been proposed that the independent origin and diversification of elaborate petals have promoted plant-animal interactions and, therefore, the evolutionary radiation of corresponding plant groups. Recent advances in floral development and evolution have greatly improved our understanding of the processes, patterns, and mechanisms underlying petal elaboration. In this review, we compare the developmental processes of simple and elaborate petals, concluding that elaborate petals can be achieved through four main paths of modifications (i.e. marginal elaboration, ventral elaboration, dorsal elaboration, and surface elaboration). Although different types of elaborate petals were formed through different types of modifications, they are all results of changes in the expression patterns of genes involved in organ polarity establishment and/or the proliferation, expansion, and differentiation of cells. The deployment of existing genetic materials to perform a new function was also shown to be a key to making elaborate petals during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hongyan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xu Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongchao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hongzhi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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23
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Tang Y, Gao X, Cui Y, Xu H, Yu J. 植物TCP转录因子研究进展. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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He Z, Zeng W, Chen W, Wu Y, Wen G, Chen X, Wang Q, Zhou J, Li Y, Yang Z, Zou J, Yang J. HaCYC2c regulating the heteromorphous development and functional differentiation of florets by recognizing HaNDUA2 in sunflower. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1025-1041. [PMID: 35099611 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of HaCYC2c and its regulation on HaNDUA2 through transcriptional recognition are important for regulating the heteromorphous development and functional differentiation of ray and disc florets in sunflower. Flower symmetry is closely related to pollinator recruitment and individual fecundity for higher plants and is the main feature used to identify flower type in angiosperms. In sunflower, HaCYC2c regulates floral organ development and floral symmetry, but the specific detail remains unclear. In this study, sunflower long petal mutant (lpm) with HaCYC2c insertion mutation was used to investigate the regulating role of HaCYC2c in the morphogenesis of florets and the transformation of floral symmetry through phenotype, transcriptome, qRT-PCR, and possible protein-gene interactions analyses. Results showed that HaCYC2c was overexpressed after an insertion into the promoter region. This gene could recognize the cis-acting element GGTCCC in the promoter region of HaNDUA2 that might regulate HaNDUA2 and affect other related genes. As a consequence, the abnormal elongation of disc petals and the degradation of male reproductive system occurred at the early development of floral organ in sunflower. Furthermore, this insertion mutation resulted in floral symmetry transformation, from actinomorphy to zygomorphy, thereby making the tubular disc florets transformed into ray-like disc florets in sunflower lpm. The findings suggested that the overexpression of HaCYC2c and its control of HaNDUA2 through transcriptional recognition might be an important regulating node of the heteromorphous development and functional differentiation for ray and disc florets in sunflower. This node contributes to the understanding of the balance between pollinator recruitment capacity of ray florets and fertility of disc florets for the optimization of reproductive efficiency and enhancement of species competitiveness in sunflower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyuan He
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Yichao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoqin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Xitong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunxiang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Zaijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China.
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25
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An Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and miRNA Sequencing Provides Insights into the Dynamic Regulations during Flower Morphogenesis in Petunia. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8040284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Published genome sequences can facilitate multiple genome sequencing studies of flower development, which can serve as the basis for later analysis of variation in flower phenotypes. To identify potential regulators related to flower morphology, we captured dynamic expression patterns under five different developmental stages of petunia flowers, a popular bedding plant, using transcriptome and miRNA sequencing. The significant transcription factor (TF) families, including MYB, MADS, and bHLH, were elucidated. MADS-box genes exhibited co-expression patterns with BBR-BPC, GATA, and Dof genes in different modules according to a weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Through miRNA sequencing, a total of 45 conserved and 26 novel miRNAs were identified. According to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, the carbohydrate metabolic process, photosynthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism were significant at the transcriptomic level, while the response to hormone pathways was significantly enriched by DEmiR-targeted genes. Finally, an miRNA–RNA network was constructed, which suggested the possibility of novel miRNA-mediated regulation pathways being activated during flower development. Overall, the expression data in the present study provide novel insights into the developmental gene regulatory network facilitated by TFs, miRNA, and their target genes.
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26
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Liu H, Jia Y, Chai Y, Wang S, Chen H, Zhou X, Huang C, Guo S, Chen D. Whole-transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes between ray and disc florets and identification of flowering regulatory genes in Chrysanthemum morifolium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:947331. [PMID: 35991433 PMCID: PMC9388166 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.947331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum morifolium has ornamental and economic values. However, there has been minimal research on the morphology of the chrysanthemum florets and related genes. In this study, we used the leaves as a control to screen for differentially expressed genes between ray and disc florets in chrysanthemum flowers. A total of 8,359 genes were differentially expressed between the ray and disc florets, of which 3,005 were upregulated and 5,354 were downregulated in the disc florets. Important regulatory genes that control flower development and flowering determination were identified. Among them, we identified a TM6 gene (CmTM6-mu) that belongs to the Class B floral homeotic MADS-box transcription factor family, which was specifically expressed in disc florets. We isolated this gene and found it was highly similar to other typical TM6 lineage genes, but a single-base deletion at the 3' end of the open reading frame caused a frame shift that generated a protein in which the TM6-specific paleoAP3 motif was missing at the C terminus. The CmTM6-mu gene was ectopically expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Petal and stamen developmental processes were unaffected in transgenic A. thaliana lines; however, the flowering time was earlier than in the wild-type control. Thus, the C-terminal of paleoAP3 appears to be necessary for the functional performance in regulating the development of petals or stamens and CmTM6-mu may be involved in the regulation of flowering time in chrysanthemum. The results of this study will be useful for future research on flowering molecular mechanisms and for the breeding of novel flower types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Jia
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhong Chai
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumei Zhou
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Conglin Huang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Conglin Huang,
| | - Shuang Guo
- Chengdu Park City Construction Development Research Institute, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Conglin Huang,
| | - Dongliang Chen
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Conglin Huang,
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27
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Abstract
Plant epidermis are multifunctional surfaces that directly affect how plants interact with animals or microorganisms and influence their ability to harvest or protect from abiotic factors. To do this, plants rely on minuscule structures that confer remarkable properties to their outer layer. These microscopic features emerge from the hierarchical organization of epidermal cells with various shapes and dimensions combined with different elaborations of the cuticle, a protective film that covers plant surfaces. Understanding the properties and functions of those tridimensional elements as well as disentangling the mechanisms that control their formation and spatial distribution warrant a multidisciplinary approach. Here we show how interdisciplinary efforts of coupling modern tools of experimental biology, physics, and chemistry with advanced computational modeling and state-of-the art microscopy are yielding broad new insights into the seemingly arcane patterning processes that sculpt the outer layer of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Riglet
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Bateman Street, CB2 1LR, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefano Gatti
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Bateman Street, CB2 1LR, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edwige Moyroud
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Bateman Street, CB2 1LR, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics, Downing Site, CB2 3EJ, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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28
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Zhang L, Zhou L, Yung WS, Su W, Huang M. Ectopic expression of Torenia fournieri TCP8 and TCP13 alters the leaf and petal phenotypes in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:856-866. [PMID: 34171126 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Teosinte branched1/cycloidea/proliferating cell factor (TCP) transcription factors (TFs) are essential for regulating plant developmental processes, which is still largely unknown in Torenia fournieri (T. fournieri), a widely used horticultural flower. In this study, we used a de novo transcriptome assembly method to predict the TCP transcription factors in T. fournieri. In total, 15 out of 21 predicted T. fournieri TCPs (TfTCPs) were isolated and verified with Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these 15 TfTCPs could be classified into two major classes. Most of these TfTCPs were expressed in floral buds, flowers, or leaves, suggesting an important role in developmental regulation in these tissues. Moreover, TfTCP8 and TfTCP13, the homologues of the Arabidopsis thaliana TCP5-like transcription factor, were able to bind to the conserved Class II TCP binding motifs and are localized to the nucleus, indicating that TfTCP8 and TfTCP13 act as transcriptional regulators. In agreement with the overexpression phenotype of AtTCP5, ectopic expression of TfTCP8 and TfTCP13 resulted in narrow leaves and the small petal phenotype in Arabidopsis, suggesting that these two TfTCPs potentially regulate leaf or flower shape in T. fournieri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Limeng Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Wai-Shing Yung
- School of Life Sciences and Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Wenbing Su
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mingkun Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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29
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Huang R, Huang T, Irish VF. Do Epigenetic Timers Control Petal Development? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:709360. [PMID: 34295349 PMCID: PMC8290480 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.709360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications include histone modifications and DNA methylation; such modifications can induce heritable changes in gene expression by altering DNA accessibility and chromatin structure. A number of studies have demonstrated that epigenetic factors regulate plant developmental timing in response to environmental changes. However, we still have an incomplete picture of how epigenetic factors can regulate developmental events such as organogenesis. The small number of cell types and the relatively simple developmental progression required to form the Arabidopsis petal makes it a good model to investigate the molecular mechanisms driving plant organogenesis. In this minireview, we summarize recent studies demonstrating the epigenetic control of gene expression during various developmental transitions, and how such regulatory mechanisms can potentially act in petal growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Huang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Tengbo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Vivian F. Irish
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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30
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Zhao Y, Su X, Wang X, Wang M, Chi X, Aamir Manzoor M, Li G, Cai Y. Comparative Genomic Analysis of TCP Genes in Six Rosaceae Species and Expression Pattern Analysis in Pyrus bretschneideri. Front Genet 2021; 12:669959. [PMID: 34079584 PMCID: PMC8165447 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.669959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TCP is a plant-specific transcription factor that plays an important role in flowering, leaf development and other physiological processes. In this study, we identified a total of 155 TCP genes: 34 in Pyrus bretschneideri, 19 in Fragaria vesca, 52 in Malus domestica, 19 in Prunus mume, 17 in Rubus occidentalis and 14 in Prunus avium. The evolutionary relationship of the TCP gene family was examined by constructing a phylogenetic tree, tracking gene duplication events, performing a sliding window analysis. The expression profile analysis and qRT-PCR results of different tissues showed that PbTCP10 were highly expressed in the flowers. These results indicated that PbTCP10 might participated in flowering induction in pear. Expression pattern analysis of different developmental stages showed that PbTCP14 and PbTCP15 were similar to the accumulation pattern of fruit lignin and the stone cell content. These two genes might participate in the thickening of the secondary wall during the formation of stone cells in pear. Subcellular localization showed that PbTCPs worked in the nucleus. This study explored the evolution of TCP genes in six Rosaceae species, and the expression pattern of TCP genes in different tissues of “Dangshan Su” pear. Candidate genes related to flower induction and stone cell formation were identified. In summary, our research provided an important theoretical basis for improving pear fruit quality and increasing fruit yield by molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xueqiang Su
- Institute of Sericulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Xinya Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengna Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xujing Chi
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Guohui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongping Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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31
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Yu H, Zhang L, Wang W, Tian P, Wang W, Wang K, Gao Z, Liu S, Zhang Y, Irish VF, Huang T. TCP5 controls leaf margin development by regulating KNOX and BEL-like transcription factors in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1809-1821. [PMID: 33258902 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Development of leaf margins is an important process in leaf morphogenesis. CIN-clade TCP (TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF) transcription factors are known to have redundant roles in specifying leaf margins, but the specific mechanisms through which individual TCP genes function remain elusive. In this study, we report that the CIN-TCP gene TCP5 is involved in repressing the initiation and outgrowth of leaf serrations by activating two key regulators of margin development, the Class II KNOX factor KNAT3 and BEL-like SAW1. Specifically, TCP5 directly promotes the transcription of KNAT3 and indirectly activates the expression of SAW1. We also show that TCP5 regulates KNAT3 and SAW1 in a temporal- and spatial- specific manner that is largely in accordance with the progress of formation of serrations. This regulation might serve as a key mechanism in patterning margin morphogenesis and in sculpting the final form of the leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Weiyao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Peng Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Keyi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yongxia Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Vivian F Irish
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tengbo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
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Cavallini-Speisser Q, Morel P, Monniaux M. Petal Cellular Identities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:745507. [PMID: 34777425 PMCID: PMC8579033 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.745507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Petals are typified by their conical epidermal cells that play a predominant role for the attraction and interaction with pollinators. However, cell identities in the petal can be very diverse, with different cell types in subdomains of the petal, in different cell layers, and depending on their adaxial-abaxial or proximo-distal position in the petal. In this mini-review, we give an overview of the main cell types that can be found in the petal and describe some of their functions. We review what is known about the genetic basis for the establishment of these cellular identities and their possible relation with petal identity and polarity specifiers expressed earlier during petal development, in an attempt to bridge the gap between organ identity and cell identity in the petal.
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Li J, Zhang Y, Gao Z, Xu X, Wang Y, Lin Y, Ye P, Huang T. Plant U-box E3 ligases PUB25 and PUB26 control organ growth in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:403-413. [PMID: 32810874 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant organs often grow into a genetically determined size and shape. How organ growth is finely regulated to achieve a well defined pattern is a fascinating, but largely unresolved, question in plant research. We utilised the Arabidopsis petal to study the genetic control of plant organ growth, and identify two closely related U-box E3 ligases PUB25 and PUB26 as important growth regulators by screening the targets of the petal-specific growth-promoting transcription factor RABBIT EARS (RBE). We showed that PUB25 is directly controlled by RBE in petal development in a spatial- and temporal-specific manner and acts as a major target to mediate RBE's function in petal growth. We also showed that PUB25 and PUB26 repress petal growth by restricting the period of cell proliferation, and their regulation appears to be independent of other plant E3 ligase genes implicated in growth control. PUB25 and PUB26 are among the first U-box E3 ligases shown to function in plant growth control. Furthermore, as they were also found to play a vital role in plant stress responses, PUB25 and PUB26 may act as a key hub to integrate developmental and environmental signals for balancing growth and defence in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518071, China
| | - Yongxia Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518071, China
| | - Zhong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518071, China
| | - Xiumei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yanzhi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518071, China
| | - Yaoxi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518071, China
| | - Peiming Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518071, China
| | - Tengbo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518071, China
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Wessinger CA, Hileman LC. Parallelism in Flower Evolution and Development. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011720-124511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Flower evolution is characterized by widespread repetition, with adaptations to pollinator environment evolving in parallel. Recent studies have expanded our understanding of the developmental basis of adaptive floral novelties—petal fusion, bilateral symmetry, heterostyly, and floral dimensions. In this article, we describe patterns of trait evolution and review developmental genetic mechanisms underlying floral novelties. We discuss the diversity of mechanisms for parallel adaptation, the evidence for constraints on these mechanisms, and how constraints help explain observed macroevolutionary patterns. We describe parallel evolution resulting from similarities at multiple hierarchical levels—genetic, developmental, morphological, functional—which indicate general principles in floral evolution, including the central role of hormone signaling. An emerging pattern is mutational bias that may contribute to rapid patterns of parallel evolution, especially if the derived trait can result from simple degenerative mutations. We argue that such mutational bias may be less likely to govern the evolution of novelties patterned by complex developmental pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A. Wessinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Lena C. Hileman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Pu Y, Huang H, Wen X, Lu C, Zhang B, Gu X, Qi S, Fan G, Wang W, Dai S. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis provides new insights into the mechanism of ray floret morphogenesis in chrysanthemum. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:728. [PMID: 33081692 PMCID: PMC7574349 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ray floret shapes referred to as petal types on the chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat.) capitulum is extremely abundant, which is one of the most important ornamental traits of chrysanthemum. However, the regulatory mechanisms of different ray floret shapes are still unknown. C. vestitum is a major origin species of cultivated chrysanthemum and has flat, spoon, and tubular type of ray florets which are the three basic petal types of chrysanthemum. Therefore, it is an ideal model material for studying ray floret morphogenesis in chrysanthemum. Here, using morphological, gene expression and transcriptomic analyses of different ray floret types of C. vestitum, we explored the developmental processes and underlying regulatory networks of ray florets. RESULTS The formation of the flat type was due to stagnation of its dorsal petal primordium, while the petal primordium of the tubular type had an intact ring shape. Morphological differences between the two ray floret types occurred during the initial stage with vigorous cell division. Analysis of genes related to flower development showed that CYCLOIDEA genes, including CYC2b, CYC2d, CYC2e, and CYC2f, were differentially expressed in different ray floret types, while the transcriptional levels of others, such as MADS-box genes, were not significantly different. Hormone-related genes, including SMALL AUXIN UPREGULATED RNA (SAUR), GRETCHEN HAGEN3 (GH3), GIBBERELLIN 2-BETA-DIOXYGENASE 1 (GA2OX1) and APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF), were identified from 1532 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pairwise comparisons among the flat, spoon, and tubular types, with significantly higher expression in the tubular type than that in the flat type and potential involvement in the morphogenesis of different ray floret types. CONCLUSIONS Our findings, together with the gene interactional relationships reported for Arabidopsis thaliana, suggest that hormone-related genes are highly expressed in the tubular type, promoting petal cell division and leading to the formation of a complete ring of the petal primordium. These results provide novel insights into the morphological variation of ray floret of chrysanthemum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Pu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - He Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaohui Wen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chenfei Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xueqi Gu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuai Qi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guangxun Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenkui Wang
- Fuzhou Planning Design & Research Institute, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Silan Dai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Zhang S, Zhou Q, Chen F, Wu L, Liu B, Li F, Zhang J, Bao M, Liu G. Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Analysis of TCP Transcription Factors in Petunia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186594. [PMID: 32916908 PMCID: PMC7554992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant-specific TCP transcription factors are well-characterized in both monocots and dicots, which have been implicated in multiple aspects of plant biological processes such as leaf morphogenesis and senescence, lateral branching, flower development and hormone crosstalk. However, no systematic analysis of the petunia TCP gene family has been described. In this work, a total of 66 petunia TCP genes (32 PaTCP genes in P. axillaris and 34 PiTCP genes in P. inflata) were identified. Subsequently, a systematic analysis of 32 PaTCP genes was performed. The phylogenetic analysis combined with structural analysis clearly distinguished the 32 PaTCP proteins into two classes—class Ι and class Ⅱ. Class Ⅱ was further divided into two subclades, namely, the CIN-TCP subclade and the CYC/TB1 subclade. Plenty of cis-acting elements responsible for plant growth and development, phytohormone and/or stress responses were identified in the promoter of PaTCPs. Distinct spatial expression patterns were determined among PaTCP genes, suggesting that these genes may have diverse regulatory roles in plant growth development. Furthermore, differential temporal expression patterns were observed between the large- and small-flowered petunia lines for most PaTCP genes, suggesting that these genes are likely to be related to petal development and/or petal size in petunia. The spatiotemporal expression profiles and promoter analysis of PaTCPs indicated that these genes play important roles in petunia diverse developmental processes that may work via multiple hormone pathways. Moreover, three PaTCP-YFP fusion proteins were detected in nuclei through subcellular localization analysis. This is the first comprehensive analysis of the petunia TCP gene family on a genome-wide scale, which provides the basis for further functional characterization of this gene family in petunia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (F.C.); (L.W.); (B.L.); (F.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Qin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (F.C.); (L.W.); (B.L.); (F.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (F.C.); (L.W.); (B.L.); (F.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Lan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (F.C.); (L.W.); (B.L.); (F.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Baojun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (F.C.); (L.W.); (B.L.); (F.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (F.C.); (L.W.); (B.L.); (F.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (F.C.); (L.W.); (B.L.); (F.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (F.C.); (L.W.); (B.L.); (F.L.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Guofeng Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou 510405, China
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (G.L.)
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The Regulation of CIN-like TCP Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124498. [PMID: 32599902 PMCID: PMC7349945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR 1 and 2 (TCP) family proteins are the plant-specific transcription factors extensively participating in diverse developmental processes by integrating external cues with internal signals. The roles of CINCINNATA (CIN)-like TCPs are conserved in control of the morphology and size of leaves, petal development, trichome formation and plant flowering. The tight regulation of CIN-like TCP activity at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels are central for plant developmental plasticity in response to the ever-changing environmental conditions. In this review, we summarize recent progresses with regard to the function and regulation of CIN-like TCPs. CIN-like TCPs are regulated by abiotic and biotic cues including light, temperature and pathogens. They are also finely controlled by microRNA319 (miRNA319), chromatin remodeling complexes and auxin homeostasis. The protein degradation plays critical roles in tightly controlling the activity of CIN-like TCPs as well.
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Wang X, Gao X, Liu Y, Fan S, Ma Q. Progress of Research on the Regulatory Pathway of the Plant Shade-Avoidance Syndrome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:439. [PMID: 32351535 PMCID: PMC7174782 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
When subject to vegetational shading, shade-avoiding plants detect neighbors by perceiving reduced light quantity and altered light quality. The former includes decreases in the ratio of red to far-red wavelengths (low R:FR) and low blue light ratio (LBL) predominantly detected by phytochromes and cryptochromes, respectively. By integrating multiple signals, plants generate a suite of responses, such as elongation of a variety of organs, accelerated flowering, and reduced branching, which are collectively termed the shade-avoidance syndrome (SAS). To trigger the SAS, interactions between photoreceptors and phytochrome-interacting factors are the general switch for activation of downstream signaling pathways. A number of transcription factor families and phytohormones, especially auxin, gibberellins, ethylene, and brassinosteroids, are involved in the SAS processes. In this review, shade signals, the major photoreceptors involved, and the phenotypic characteristics of the shade-intolerant plant Arabidopsis thaliana are described in detail. In addition, integration of the signaling mechanisms that link photoreceptors with multiple hormone signaling pathways is presented and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Xinqiang Gao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Shuli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, China
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shuli Fan, ; Qifeng Ma,
| | - Qifeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, China
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shuli Fan, ; Qifeng Ma,
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Yang Y, Chen B, Dang X, Zhu L, Rao J, Ren H, Lin C, Qin Y, Lin D. Arabidopsis IPGA1 is a microtubule-associated protein essential for cell expansion during petal morphogenesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5231-5243. [PMID: 31198941 PMCID: PMC6793458 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Unlike animal cells, plant cells do not possess centrosomes that serve as microtubule organizing centers; how microtubule arrays are organized throughout plant morphogenesis remains poorly understood. We report here that Arabidopsis INCREASED PETAL GROWTH ANISOTROPY 1 (IPGA1), a previously uncharacterized microtubule-associated protein, regulates petal growth and shape by affecting cortical microtubule organization. Through a genetic screen, we showed that IPGA1 loss-of-function mutants displayed a phenotype of longer and narrower petals, as well as increased anisotropic cell expansion of the petal epidermis in the late phases of flower development. Map-based cloning studies revealed that IPGA1 encodes a previously uncharacterized protein that colocalizes with and directly binds to microtubules. IPGA1 plays a negative role in the organization of cortical microtubules into parallel arrays oriented perpendicular to the axis of cell elongation, with the ipga1-1 mutant displaying increased microtubule ordering in petal abaxial epidermal cells. The IPGA1 family is conserved among land plants and its homologs may have evolved to regulate microtubule organization. Taken together, our findings identify IPGA1 as a novel microtubule-associated protein and provide significant insights into IPGA1-mediated microtubule organization and petal growth anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yang
- College of Life Science, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Binqinq Chen
- College of Life Science, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xie Dang
- College of Life Science, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lilan Zhu
- College of Life Science, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinqiu Rao
- College of Life Science, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huibo Ren
- College of Life Science, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chentao Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Deshu Lin
- College of Life Science, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Correspondence:
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40
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Yang Y, Huang W, Wu E, Lin C, Chen B, Lin D. Cortical Microtubule Organization during Petal Morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4913. [PMID: 31623377 PMCID: PMC6801907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical microtubules guide the direction and deposition of cellulose microfibrils to build the cell wall, which in turn influences cell expansion and plant morphogenesis. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), petal is a relatively simple organ that contains distinct epidermal cells, such as specialized conical cells in the adaxial epidermis and relatively flat cells with several lobes in the abaxial epidermis. In the past two decades, the Arabidopsis petal has become a model experimental system for studying cell expansion and organ morphogenesis, because petals are dispensable for plant growth and reproduction. Recent advances have expanded the role of microtubule organization in modulating petal anisotropic shape formation and conical cell shaping during petal morphogenesis. Here, we summarize recent studies showing that in Arabidopsis, several genes, such as SPIKE1, Rho of plant (ROP) GTPases, and IPGA1, play critical roles in microtubule organization and cell expansion in the abaxial epidermis during petal morphogenesis. Moreover, we summarize the live-confocal imaging studies of Arabidopsis conical cells in the adaxial epidermis, which have emerged as a new cellular model. We discuss the microtubule organization pattern during conical cell shaping. Finally, we propose future directions regarding the study of petal morphogenesis and conical cell shaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Weihong Huang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Endian Wu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Chentao Lin
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Binqing Chen
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Deshu Lin
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Wang J, Guan Y, Ding L, Li P, Zhao W, Jiang J, Chen S, Chen F. The CmTCP20 gene regulates petal elongation growth in Chrysanthemum morifolium. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 280:248-257. [PMID: 30824003 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum morifolium is one of the most popular ornamental species worldwide, with high ornamental and economic value. Petal size is an important factor that influences the ornamental value. CmTCP20 is a member of TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTORs (TCPs) gene family, which is closely associated with the growth and development of plants. Our previous study found that the expression of CmTCP20 was obviously down-regulated during chrysanthemum petal elongation, but its function in petal elongation has not yet been revealed. We show here that the overexpression CmTCP20 in Arabidopsis and chrysanthemum leads to similar phenotypes, including larger flower buds (or inflorescences) and longer petals. Interestingly, ectopic expression in Schizosaccharomyces pombe yeast cells showed that CmTCP20 could repress cell division and promote cell elongation. Moreover, the yeast two-hybrid, BiFC and pull-down experimental results indicated that CmTCP20 may regulate petal size via interacting with CmJAZ1-like and inducing down-regulation of CmBPE2 gene expression. This study preliminarily clarifies the function of CmTCP20 on chrysanthemum petal elongation, providing the basic theory for improving the ornamental characteristic of chrysanthemum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunxiao Guan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lian Ding
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pirui Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenqian Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Damerval C, Citerne H, Conde e Silva N, Deveaux Y, Delannoy E, Joets J, Simonnet F, Staedler Y, Schönenberger J, Yansouni J, Le Guilloux M, Sauquet H, Nadot S. Unraveling the Developmental and Genetic Mechanisms Underpinning Floral Architecture in Proteaceae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:18. [PMID: 30740117 PMCID: PMC6357683 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Proteaceae are a basal eudicot family with a highly conserved floral groundplan but which displays considerable variation in other aspects of floral and inflorescence morphology. Their morphological diversity and phylogenetic position make them good candidates for understanding the evolution of floral architecture, in particular the question of the homology of the undifferentiated perianth with the differentiated perianth of core eudicots, and the mechanisms underlying the repeated evolution of zygomorphy. In this paper, we combine a morphological approach to explore floral ontogenesis and a transcriptomic approach to access the genes involved in floral organ identity and development, focusing on Grevillea juniperina, a species from subfamily Grevilleoideae. We present developmental data for Grevillea juniperina and three additional species that differ in their floral symmetry using stereomicroscopy, SEM and High Resolution X-Ray Computed Tomography. We find that the adnation of stamens to tepals takes place at early developmental stages, and that the establishment of bilateral symmetry coincides with the asymmetrical growth of the single carpel. To set a framework for understanding the genetic basis of floral development in Proteaceae, we generated and annotated de novo a reference leaf/flower transcriptome from Grevillea juniperina. We found Grevillea homologs of all lineages of MADS-box genes involved in floral organ identity. Using Arabidopsis thaliana gene expression data as a reference, we found homologs of other genes involved in floral development in the transcriptome of G. juniperina. We also found at least 21 class I and class II TCP genes, a gene family involved in the regulation of growth processes, including floral symmetry. The expression patterns of a set of floral genes obtained from the transcriptome were characterized during floral development to assess their organ specificity and asymmetry of expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Damerval
- GQE-Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hélène Citerne
- GQE-Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Natalia Conde e Silva
- GQE-Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yves Deveaux
- GQE-Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Etienne Delannoy
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Universités Paris Diderot, Paris-Sud, Evry, Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Johann Joets
- GQE-Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Franck Simonnet
- GQE-Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Yannick Staedler
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürg Schönenberger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jennifer Yansouni
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Universités Paris Diderot, Paris-Sud, Evry, Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Martine Le Guilloux
- GQE-Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hervé Sauquet
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- National Herbarium of New South Wales (NSW), Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sophie Nadot
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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43
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A gene expression map of shoot domains reveals regulatory mechanisms. Nat Commun 2019; 10:141. [PMID: 30635575 PMCID: PMC6329838 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08083-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene regulatory networks control development via domain-specific gene expression. In seed plants, self-renewing stem cells located in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) produce leaves from the SAM peripheral zone. After initiation, leaves develop polarity patterns to form a planar shape. Here we compare translating RNAs among SAM and leaf domains. Using translating ribosome affinity purification and RNA sequencing to quantify gene expression in target domains, we generate a domain-specific translatome map covering representative vegetative stage SAM and leaf domains. We discuss the predicted cellular functions of these domains and provide evidence that dome seemingly unrelated domains, utilize common regulatory modules. Experimental follow up shows that the RABBIT EARS and HANABA TARANU transcription factors have roles in axillary meristem initiation. This dataset provides a community resource for further study of shoot development and response to internal and environmental signals. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) maintains stem cells and generates new leaves and flowers from its periphery. Here via spatially resolved translatome profiling, Tian et al. define distinct molecular signatures of different SAM and leaf domains and identify regulators of axillary meristem initiation.
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45
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Monniaux M, Pieper B, McKim SM, Routier-Kierzkowska AL, Kierzkowski D, Smith RS, Hay A. The role of APETALA1 in petal number robustness. eLife 2018; 7:39399. [PMID: 30334736 PMCID: PMC6205810 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant floral forms are important for reproductive success and robust to natural perturbations. Petal number, for example, is invariant in Arabidopsis thaliana flowers. However, petal number varies in the closely related species Cardamine hirsuta, and the genetic basis for this difference between species is unknown. Here we show that divergence in the pleiotropic floral regulator APETALA1 (AP1) can account for the species-specific difference in petal number robustness. This large effect of AP1 is explained by epistatic interactions: A. thaliana AP1 confers robustness by masking the phenotypic expression of quantitative trait loci controlling petal number in C. hirsuta. We show that C. hirsuta AP1 fails to complement this function of A. thaliana AP1, conferring variable petal number, and that upstream regulatory regions of AP1 contribute to this divergence. Moreover, variable petal number is maintained in C. hirsuta despite sufficient standing genetic variation in natural accessions to produce plants with four-petalled flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Monniaux
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bjorn Pieper
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah M McKim
- Plant Sciences Department, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Richard S Smith
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angela Hay
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
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46
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Moreau C, Hofer JMI, Eléouët M, Sinjushin A, Ambrose M, Skøt K, Blackmore T, Swain M, Hegarty M, Balanzà V, Ferrándiz C, Ellis THN. Identification of Stipules reduced, a leaf morphology gene in pea (Pisum sativum). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:288-299. [PMID: 29974468 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum) is one of relatively few genetically amenable plant species with compound leaves. Pea leaves have a variety of specialized organs: leaflets, tendrils, pulvini and stipules, which enable the identification of mutations that transform or affect distinct parts of the leaf. Characterization of these mutations offers insights into the development and evolution of novel leaf traits. The previously characterized morphological gene Cochleata, conferring stipule identity, was known to interact with Stipules reduced (St), which conditions stipule size in pea, but the St gene remained unknown. Here we analysed Fast Neutron irradiated pea mutants by restriction site associated DNA sequencing. We identified St as a gene encoding a C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor that is regulated by Cochleata. St regulates both cell division and cell expansion in the stipule. Our approach shows how systematic genome-wide screens can be used successfully for the analysis of traits in species for which whole genome sequences are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie M I Hofer
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Morgane Eléouët
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Andrey Sinjushin
- Genetics Department M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Kirsten Skøt
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Tina Blackmore
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Martin Swain
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Matthew Hegarty
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Vicente Balanzà
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Ferrándiz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - T H Noel Ellis
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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47
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Ren G, Li L, Huang Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Zheng R, Zhong C, Wang X. GhWIP2, a WIP zinc finger protein, suppresses cell expansion in Gerbera hybrida by mediating crosstalk between gibberellin, abscisic acid, and auxin. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:728-742. [PMID: 29681133 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell expansion is a key determinant for the final size and shape of plant organ, and is regulated by various phytohormones. Zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) consist of a superfamily involved in multiple aspects of organ morphogenesis. However, little is known about WIP-type ZFP function in phytohormone-mediated organ growth. Using reverse genetics, RNA-seq and phytohormone quantification, we elucidated the role of a new WIP-type ZFP from Gerbera hybrida, GhWIP2, in controlling organ growth via regulation of cell expansion. GhWIP2 localizes to the nucleus and acts as a transcriptional repressor. Constitutive overexpression of GhWIP2 (GhWIP2OE) in both Gerbera and Arabidopsis thaliana caused major developmental defects associated with cell expansion, including dwarfism, short petals, scapes, and petioles. Furthermore, GhWIP2OE plants were hypersensitive to GA, but not to ABA, and showed a reduction in endogenous GA and auxin, but not ABA concentrations. Consistent with these observations, RNA-seq analysis revealed that genes involved in GA and auxin signaling were down-regulated, while those involved in ABA signaling were up-regulated in GhWIP2OE plants. Our findings suggest that GhWIP2 acts as a transcriptional repressor, suppressing cell expansion during organ growth by modulating crosstalk between GA, ABA, and auxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518004, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rouyan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
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48
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Sarvepalli K, Nath U. CIN-TCP transcription factors: Transiting cell proliferation in plants. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:718-731. [PMID: 29934986 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Leaves are the most conspicuous planar organs in plants, designed for efficient capture of sunlight and its conversion to energy that is channeled into sustaining the entire biosphere. How a few founder cells derived from the shoot apical meristem give rise to diverse leaf forms has interested naturalists and developmental biologists alike. At the heart of leaf morphogenesis lie two simple cellular processes, division and expansion, that are spatially and temporally segregated in a developing leaf. In leaves of dicot model species, cell division occurs predominantly at the base, concomitant with the expansion and differentiation of cells at the tip of the lamina that drives increase in leaf surface area. The timing of the transition from one cell fate (division) to the other (expansion) within a growing leaf lamina is a critical determinant of final leaf shape, size, complexity and flatness. The TCP proteins, unique to plant kingdom, are sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factors that control several developmental and physiological traits. A sub-group of class II TCPs, called CINCINNATA-like TCPs (CIN-TCPs henceforth), are key regulators of the timing of the transition from division to expansion in dicot leaves. The current review highlights recent advances in our understanding of how the pattern of CIN-TCP activity is translated to the dynamic spatio-temporal control of cell-fate transition through the transactivation of cell-cycle regulators, growth-repressing microRNAs, and interactions with the chromatin remodeling machinery to modulate phytohormone responses. Unravelling how environmental inputs influence CIN-TCP-mediated growth control is a challenge for future studies. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(8):718-731, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Sarvepalli
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Utpal Nath
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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49
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Feng ZJ, Xu SC, Liu N, Zhang GW, Hu QZ, Gong YM. Soybean TCP transcription factors: Evolution, classification, protein interaction and stress and hormone responsiveness. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:129-142. [PMID: 29579640 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
TEOSINTE-BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors, a family of plant-specific proteins, play crucial roles in plant growth and development and stress response. However, systematical information is unknown regarding the TCP gene family in soybean. In the present study, a total of 54 GmTCPs were identified in soybean, which were grouped into 11 groups with the typical TCP conserved domains. Phylogenetic relationship, protein motif and gene structure analyses distinguished the GmTCPs into two homology classes: Class I and Class II. Class II was then differentiated into two subclasses: CIN and CYC/TB1. Unique cis-element number and composition existed in the promoter regions which might be involved in the gene transcriptional regulation of different GmTCPs. Tissue expression analysis demonstrated the diverse spatiotemporal expression profiles of GmTCPs. Furthermore, the interaction protein of one previously functionally unknown TCP protein-GmTCP8 was investigated. Yeast two-hybrid assay showed the interaction between GmTCP8 and an abscisic acid receptor (GmPYL10). QRT-PCR assays indicated the distinct expression profiles of GmTCPs in response to abiotic stresses (heat, drought and salt) and stress-related signals (abscisic acid, brassinolide, salicylicacid and methyl jasmonate). These results will facilitate to uncover the possible roles of GmTCPs under abiotic stress and hormone signal responses in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Juan Feng
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Sheng-Chun Xu
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Na Liu
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Gu-Wen Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Qi-Zan Hu
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Ya-Ming Gong
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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50
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van Es SW, Silveira SR, Rocha DI, Bimbo A, Martinelli AP, Dornelas MC, Angenent GC, Immink RG. Novel functions of the Arabidopsis transcription factor TCP5 in petal development and ethylene biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:867-879. [PMID: 29570883 PMCID: PMC6001666 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The flowers of most dicotyledons have petals that, together with the sepals, initially protect the reproductive organs. Later during development petals are required to open the flower and to attract pollinators. This diverse set of functions demands tight temporal and spatial regulation of petal development. We studied the functioning of the Arabidopsis thaliana TCP5-like transcription factors (TFs) in petals. Overexpression of TCP5 in petal epidermal cells results in smaller petals, whereas tcp5 tcp13 tcp17 triple knockout lines have wider petals with an increased surface area. Comprehensive expression studies revealed effects of TCP5-like TFs on the expression of genes related to the cell cycle, growth regulation and organ growth. Additionally, the ethylene biosynthesis genes 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase 2 (ACS2) and ACC oxidase 2 (ACO2) and several ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS (ERFs) are found to be differentially expressed in TCP5 mutant and overexpression lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR showed direct binding of TCP5 to the ACS2 locus in vivo. Ethylene is known to influence cell elongation, and the petal phenotype of the tcp5 tcp13 tcp17 mutant could be complemented by treatment of the plants with an ethylene pathway inhibitor. Taken together, this reveals a novel role for TCP5-like TFs in the regulation of ethylene-mediated petal development and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam W. van Es
- BioscienceWageningen Plant ResearchWageningen University and Research6708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyWageningen University and Research6708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sylvia R. Silveira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia VegetalCentro de Energia Nuclear na AgriculturaUniversidade de São PauloPiracicabaSP, CEP 13416‐000Brazil
| | - Diego I. Rocha
- Departamento de Biologia VegetalInstituto de BiologiaUniversidade Estadual de CampinasCampinas, Sao PauloCEP 13083–862Brazil
| | - Andrea Bimbo
- BioscienceWageningen Plant ResearchWageningen University and Research6708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Adriana P. Martinelli
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia VegetalCentro de Energia Nuclear na AgriculturaUniversidade de São PauloPiracicabaSP, CEP 13416‐000Brazil
| | - Marcelo C. Dornelas
- Departamento de Biologia VegetalInstituto de BiologiaUniversidade Estadual de CampinasCampinas, Sao PauloCEP 13083–862Brazil
| | - Gerco C. Angenent
- BioscienceWageningen Plant ResearchWageningen University and Research6708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyWageningen University and Research6708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Richard G.H. Immink
- BioscienceWageningen Plant ResearchWageningen University and Research6708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyWageningen University and Research6708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
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