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Obeid JM, Sadeghi JK, Wolf AS, Bremner RM. Sleep, Nutrition, and Health Maintenance in Cardiothoracic Surgery. Thorac Surg Clin 2024; 34:213-221. [PMID: 38944448 DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Cardiothoracic surgeons work in high-intensity environments starting in surgical training and throughout their careers. They deal with critical patients. Their routine procedures are delicate, require extensive attention to detail, and can have detrimental effects on patients' lives. Cardiothoracic surgeons are required to perform at their best capacity incessantly. To do this, they must safeguard their mental and physical well-being. Preserving health through sleep, nutrition, exercise, and routine medical checkups ensures a cardiothoracic surgeon's well-being. Great personal effort and discipline is required to maintain health in a busy schedule. We offer our best recommendations from expert peers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Obeid
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Temple University Hospital, 3401 N Broad Street, Parkinson Pavilion, Suite 501C, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - John K Sadeghi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Temple University Hospital, 3401 N Broad Street, Parkinson Pavilion, Suite 501C, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Andrea S Wolf
- New York Mesothelioma Program, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1190 Fifth Avenue, Box 1023, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ross M Bremner
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 500 W. Thomas Road, Suite 500, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; School of Medicine, Creighton University, Phoenix Health Sciences Campus, 3100 N Central Avenue, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA.
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2
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Ba W, Nollet M, Yin C, Yu X, Wong S, Miao A, Beckwith EJ, Harding EC, Ma Y, Yustos R, Vyssotski AL, Wisden W, Franks NP. A REM-active basal ganglia circuit that regulates anxiety. Curr Biol 2024:S0960-9822(24)00762-0. [PMID: 38944034 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has been hypothesized to promote emotional resilience, but any neuronal circuits mediating this have not been identified. We find that in mice, somatostatin (Som) neurons in the entopeduncular nucleus (EPSom)/internal globus pallidus are predominantly active during REM sleep. This unique REM activity is both necessary and sufficient for maintaining normal REM sleep. Inhibiting or exciting EPSom neurons reduced or increased REM sleep duration, respectively. Activation of the sole downstream target of EPSom neurons, Vglut2 cells in the lateral habenula (LHb), increased sleep via the ventral tegmental area (VTA). A simple chemogenetic scheme to periodically inhibit the LHb over 4 days selectively removed a significant amount of cumulative REM sleep. Chronic, but not acute, REM reduction correlated with mice becoming anxious and more sensitive to aversive stimuli. Therefore, we suggest that cumulative REM sleep, in part generated by the EP → LHb → VTA circuit identified here, could contribute to stabilizing reactions to habitual aversive stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ba
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mathieu Nollet
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Chunyu Yin
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sara Wong
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andawei Miao
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Esteban J Beckwith
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Edward C Harding
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Raquel Yustos
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alexei L Vyssotski
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - William Wisden
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Nicholas P Franks
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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3
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Zhang Z, Su J, Tang J, Chung L, Page JC, Winter CC, Liu Y, Kegeles E, Conti S, Zhang Y, Biundo J, Chalif JI, Hua CY, Yang Z, Yao X, Yang Y, Chen S, Schwab JM, Wang KH, Chen C, Prerau MJ, He Z. Spinal projecting neurons in rostral ventromedial medulla co-regulate motor and sympathetic tone. Cell 2024; 187:3427-3444.e21. [PMID: 38733990 PMCID: PMC11193620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Many behaviors require the coordinated actions of somatic and autonomic functions. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. By opto-stimulating different populations of descending spinal projecting neurons (SPNs) in anesthetized mice, we show that stimulation of excitatory SPNs in the rostral ventromedial medulla (rVMM) resulted in a simultaneous increase in somatomotor and sympathetic activities. Conversely, opto-stimulation of rVMM inhibitory SPNs decreased both activities. Anatomically, these SPNs innervate both sympathetic preganglionic neurons and motor-related regions in the spinal cord. Fiber-photometry recording indicated that the activities of rVMM SPNs correlate with different levels of muscle and sympathetic tone during distinct arousal states. Inhibiting rVMM excitatory SPNs reduced basal muscle and sympathetic tone, impairing locomotion initiation and high-speed performance. In contrast, silencing the inhibitory population abolished muscle atonia and sympathetic hypoactivity during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Together, these results identify rVMM SPNs as descending spinal projecting pathways controlling the tone of both the somatomotor and sympathetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Zhang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junfeng Su
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Tang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leeyup Chung
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica C Page
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carla C Winter
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuchu Liu
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evgenii Kegeles
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; PhD Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Conti
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Biundo
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua I Chalif
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Y Hua
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhiyun Yang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xue Yao
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuqiang Chen
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan M Schwab
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kuan Hong Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chinfei Chen
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Prerau
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhigang He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Curic D, Singh S, Nazari M, Mohajerani MH, Davidsen J. Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Neural Desynchronization in Sleeplike States Reveals Critical Dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:218403. [PMID: 38856286 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.218403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is characterized by nonrapid eye movement sleep, originating from widespread neuronal synchrony, and rapid eye movement sleep, with neuronal desynchronization akin to waking behavior. While these were thought to be global brain states, recent research suggests otherwise. Using time-frequency analysis of mesoscopic voltage-sensitive dye recordings of mice in a urethane-anesthetized model of sleep, we find transient neural desynchronization occurring heterogeneously across the cortex within a background of synchronized neural activity, in a manner reminiscent of a critical spreading process and indicative of an "edge-of-synchronization" phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Curic
- Complexity Science Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Surjeet Singh
- Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Mojtaba Nazari
- Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Majid H Mohajerani
- Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Jörn Davidsen
- Complexity Science Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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Dugan BJ, Fraigne JJ, Peever J. REM sleep: Out-dreaming fear. Curr Biol 2024; 34:R510-R512. [PMID: 38772341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The ability to forget fear-inducing situations is essential for adapting to our environment, but the neural mechanisms underlying 'fear forgetting' remain unclear. Novel findings reveal that the activity of the infralimbic cortex - specifically during REM sleep - contributes to the extinction of fear memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany J Dugan
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Jimmy J Fraigne
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - John Peever
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada.
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6
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Tononi G, Boly M, Cirelli C. Consciousness and sleep. Neuron 2024; 112:1568-1594. [PMID: 38697113 PMCID: PMC11105109 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is a universal, essential biological process. It is also an invaluable window on consciousness. It tells us that consciousness can be lost but also that it can be regained, in all its richness, when we are disconnected from the environment and unable to reflect. By considering the neurophysiological differences between dreaming and dreamless sleep, we can learn about the substrate of consciousness and understand why it vanishes. We also learn that the ongoing state of the substrate of consciousness determines the way each experience feels regardless of how it is triggered-endogenously or exogenously. Dreaming consciousness is also a window on sleep and its functions. Dreams tell us that the sleeping brain is remarkably lively, recombining intrinsic activation patterns from a vast repertoire, freed from the requirements of ongoing behavior and cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Tononi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, USA.
| | - Melanie Boly
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Chiara Cirelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, USA
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Roizenblatt M, Gehlbach PL, Marin VDG, Roizenblatt A, Saraiva VDS, Nakanami MH, Noia LDC, Watanabe SES, Yasaki ES, Passos RM, Magalhães O, Fernandes RAB, Stefanini FR, Caiado R, Jiramongkolchai K, Farah ME, Belfort R, Maia M. ASSESSMENT OF SIMULATED SURGICAL DEXTERITY AFTER MODIFIABLE EXTERNAL EXPOSURES AMONG NOVICE VERSUS EXPERIENCED VITREORETINAL SURGEONS. Retina 2024; 44:820-830. [PMID: 38194677 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000004045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate novice and senior vitreoretinal surgeons after various exposures. Multiple comparisons ranked the importance of these exposures for surgical dexterity based on experience. METHODS This prospective cohort study included 15 novice and 11 senior vitreoretinal surgeons (<2 and >10 years' practice, respectively). Eyesi-simulator tasks were performed after each exposure. Day 1, placebo, 2.5 mg/kg caffeine, and 5.0 mg/kg caffeine; day 2, placebo, 0.2 mg/kg propranolol, and 0.6 mg/kg propranolol; day 3, baseline simulation, breathalyzer readings of 0.06% to 0.10% and 0.11% to 0.15% blood alcohol concentrations; day 4, baseline simulation, push-up sets with 50% and 85% repetitions maximum; and day 5, 3-hour sleep deprivation. Eyesi-generated score (0-700, worst-best), out-of-tolerance tremor (0-100, best-worst), task completion time (minutes), and intraocular pathway (in millimeters) were measured. RESULTS Novice surgeons performed worse after caffeine (-29.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -57.80 to -1.27, P = 0.041) and alcohol (-51.33, 95% CI: -80.49 to -22.16, P = 0.001) consumption. Alcohol caused longer intraocular instrument movement pathways (212.84 mm, 95% CI: 34.03-391.65 mm, P = 0.02) and greater tremor (7.72, 95% CI: 0.74-14.70, P = 0.003) among novices. Sleep deprivation negatively affected novice performance time (2.57 minutes, 95% CI: 1.09-4.05 minutes, P = 0.001) and tremor (8.62, 95% CI: 0.80-16.45, P = 0.03); however, their speed increased after propranolol (-1.43 minutes, 95% CI: -2.71 to -0.15 minutes, P = 0.029). Senior surgeons' scores deteriorated only following alcohol consumption (-47.36, 95% CI: -80.37 to -14.36, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION Alcohol compromised all participants despite their expertise level. Experience negated the effects of caffeine, propranolol, exercise, and sleep deprivation on surgical skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Roizenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Vision Institute, IPEPO, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter L Gehlbach
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vitor D G Marin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Roizenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius da S Saraiva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Vision Institute, IPEPO, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio H Nakanami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana da C Noia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sung E S Watanabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika S Yasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato M Passos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Vision Institute, IPEPO, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Octaviano Magalhães
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A B Fernandes
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | | | - Rafael Caiado
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Michel E Farah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Vision Institute, IPEPO, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubens Belfort
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Vision Institute, IPEPO, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Maia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Vision Institute, IPEPO, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Brewster GS, Wang D, McPhillips MV, Epps F, Yang I. Correlates of Sleep Disturbance Experienced by Informal Caregivers of Persons Living with Dementia: A Systematic Review. Clin Gerontol 2024; 47:380-407. [PMID: 36314643 PMCID: PMC10148929 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2139655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to comprehensively review and update the literature concerning the correlates of sleep disturbance among caregivers of persons living with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias to identify gaps in the literature and antecedent targets for interventions. METHODS We searched PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Embase using terms related to "sleep," "caregiver," and "dementia." RESULTS Thirty-six articles were included in this review. Based on the antecedents within the 3P model of insomnia, predisposing factors associated with caregiver sleep included caregiver demographics, and physiological factors like genotype and biomarkers. Precipitating factors related to caregiver sleep included caregiving status and responsibilities, and person living with dementia factors. CONCLUSIONS Sleep disturbance is a significant issue for caregivers of persons living with dementia. However, this review has identified multiple precipitating factors that are modifiable targets for interventions to improve or enhance caregiver sleep. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Numerous predisposing and precipitating factors contribute to caregivers of persons living with dementia being susceptible to sleep disturbance. Healthcare providers should ask patients about their caregiving status during annual visits. Healthcare providers should also evaluate caregivers' sleep patterns, and the predisposing and precipitating factors of sleep disturbance, with a focus on the modifiable factors, to enable timely intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenna S. Brewster
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dingyue Wang
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Fayron Epps
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Irene Yang
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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9
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Durak B, Gunduz Gurkan C, Özol D, Saraç S. The Effect of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus on Sleep Architecture and Sleep Apnea Severity in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Cureus 2024; 16:e61215. [PMID: 38807970 PMCID: PMC11130741 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a severe condition that is characterized by recurrent partial or complete breathing interruptions during sleep, leading to insulin resistance, microvascular complications, and cardiovascular complications. It is of great importance to know the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), which is prevalent in the world and in our country, Turkey, leads to significant mortality and morbidity, significantly affects the quality of life, and requires continuous follow-up, on sleep in patients with OSAS and to raise awareness on this issue. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of diabetes on sleep duration and sleep architecture in patients with OSAS and to investigate the relationship between OSAS severity and DM control. METHODS Fifty diabetic and 42 non-diabetic patients diagnosed with OSAS at the Sleep Disorders Center of Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, between October 2022 and March 2023 were included in the study. Polysomnographic and biochemical parameters of the two groups were compared. The effect of OSAS severity and sleep architecture on diabetes control was investigated. RESULTS No significant difference was found between diabetic and non-diabetic patients in terms of total sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and sleep latency, whereas REM (rapid eye movement) latency was prolonged and REM sleep duration and percentage were significantly lower in diabetic patients. The severity of OSAS was found to be greater in diabetic patients and they spent significantly more time below 90% saturation during sleep. No correlation was found between the groups in the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) parameter, which we examined in terms of diabetes control, sleep architecture, and OSAS severity. CONCLUSION The presence of diabetes aggravates the severity of OSAS, prolongs the transition to REM sleep, and leads to a decrease in REM duration. Sleep is essential for both mental and physical well-being. In this regard, it is of utmost importance to examine diabetic patients for OSAS and to perform polysomnography in appropriate patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Durak
- Department of Pulmonology, Hitit University Faculty of Medicine, Çorum, TUR
| | - Canan Gunduz Gurkan
- Department of Pulmonology, Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Duygu Özol
- Department of Pulmonology, Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Sema Saraç
- Department of Pulmonology, Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
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10
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Feng H, Qiao QC, Luo QF, Zhou JY, Lei F, Chen Y, Wen SY, Chen WH, Pang YJ, Hu ZA, Jiang YB, Zhang XY, Zhou TY, Zhang XY, Yang N, Zhang J, Hu R. Orexin Neurons to Sublaterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus Pathway Prevents Sleep Onset REM Sleep-Like Behavior by Relieving the REM Sleep Pressure. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0355. [PMID: 38694202 PMCID: PMC11062508 DOI: 10.34133/research.0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Proper timing of vigilance states serves fundamental brain functions. Although disturbance of sleep onset rapid eye movement (SOREM) sleep is frequently reported after orexin deficiency, their causal relationship still remains elusive. Here, we further study a specific subgroup of orexin neurons with convergent projection to the REM sleep promoting sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus (OXSLD neurons). Intriguingly, although OXSLD and other projection-labeled orexin neurons exhibit similar activity dynamics during REM sleep, only the activation level of OXSLD neurons exhibits a significant positive correlation with the post-inter-REM sleep interval duration, revealing an essential role for the orexin-sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus (SLD) neural pathway in relieving REM sleep pressure. Monosynaptic tracing reveals that multiple inputs may help shape this REM sleep-related dynamics of OXSLD neurons. Genetic ablation further shows that the homeostatic architecture of sleep/wakefulness cycles, especially avoidance of SOREM sleep-like transition, is dependent on this activity. A positive correlation between the SOREM sleep occurrence probability and depression states of narcoleptic patients further demonstrates the possible significance of the orexin-SLD pathway on REM sleep homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Feng
- Department of Neurobiology,
Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital,
Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Cheng Qiao
- Department of Physiology,
Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Fa Luo
- Department of Physiology,
Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Ying Zhou
- Sleep Medicine Center, West China Hospital,
Sichuan University, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Fei Lei
- Sleep Medicine Center, West China Hospital,
Sichuan University, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Physiology,
Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Si-Yi Wen
- Department of Physiology,
Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hao Chen
- Department of Physiology,
Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Pang
- Department of Physiology,
Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-An Hu
- Department of Physiology,
Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Bin Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital,
Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital,
Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Teng-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital,
Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yan Zhang
- Sleep Medicine Center, West China Hospital,
Sichuan University, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Nian Yang
- Department of Physiology,
Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology,
Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, P.R. China
- Department of Physiology,
Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital,
Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, P.R. China
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11
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Allen N, Jeremiah A, Murphy R, Sumner R, Forsyth A, Hoeh N, Menkes DB, Evans W, Muthukumaraswamy S, Sundram F, Roop P. LSD increases sleep duration the night after microdosing. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:191. [PMID: 38622150 PMCID: PMC11018829 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02900-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Microdosing psychedelic drugs at a level below the threshold to induce hallucinations is an increasingly common lifestyle practice. However, the effects of microdosing on sleep have not been previously reported. Here, we report results from a Phase 1 randomized controlled trial in which 80 healthy adult male volunteers received a 6-week course of either LSD (10 µg) or placebo with doses self-administered every third day. Participants used a commercially available sleep/activity tracker for the duration of the trial. Data from 3231 nights of sleep showed that on the night after microdosing, participants in the LSD group slept an extra 24.3 min per night (95% Confidence Interval 10.3-38.3 min) compared to placebo-with no reductions of sleep observed on the dosing day itself. There were no changes in the proportion of time spent in various sleep stages or in participant physical activity. These results show a clear modification of the physiological sleep requirements in healthy male volunteers who microdose LSD. The clear, clinically significant changes in objective measurements of sleep observed are difficult to explain as a placebo effect. Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of repeated microdoses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in healthy volunteers; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=381476 ; ACTRN12621000436875.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Allen
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Aron Jeremiah
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Robin Murphy
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Rachael Sumner
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Anna Forsyth
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas Hoeh
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - David B Menkes
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - William Evans
- Mana Health, 7 Ruskin St, Parnell, Auckland, 1052, New Zealand
| | - Suresh Muthukumaraswamy
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Frederick Sundram
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Partha Roop
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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12
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Torenvlied HJ, Trip E, Olthuis W, Segerink LI, Beck JJH. 'Staying Hot': Investigating the influence of overnight conditions on the penile skin temperature during male sexual arousal-A novel methodology for nocturnal erection detection. BJUI COMPASS 2024; 5:439-446. [PMID: 38633824 PMCID: PMC11019252 DOI: 10.1002/bco2.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study is to assess the impact of overnight environmental conditions on erectile penile temperature within a controlled setting, with the aim of investigating the feasibility of using temperature measurements for nocturnal erection detection in erectile dysfunction diagnostics. Subjects/patients and methods We conducted a proof-of-concept study involving 10 healthy male participants aged 20 to 25. The study was carried out at the Department of Urology, St. Antonius Ziekenhuis, the Netherlands. Penile temperature thermistor measurements were taken during visually aroused erections of participants in naked state and in simulated overnight condition (underwear and blankets). Main outcome variables were peak and baseline temperature during erectile periods. To minimize the impact of differences in erectile strength and duration between consecutive measurements, we applied randomization to the order of the environmental conditions. Results We observed a significant increase in penile temperature during erection in both the naked (p < 0.01) and simulated overnight condition (p < 0.01). The mean temperature increase was 1.70 and 0.67°C, respectively. While penile temperature returned to baseline immediately after naked erections, the 'Staying Hot effect' was noted in the simulated overnight condition measurements, where the temperature remained elevated at peak temperature for the entire 30-min period following the erection. Conclusions The findings from this study indicate that the penile temperature not only significantly increases during naked sexual arousal but is also detectable under simulated overnight conditions. This underscores the potential of using temperature measurements for nocturnal erection detection, representing a crucial initial step in developing a modernized, non-invasive sensor system for ambulatory erectile dysfunction diagnostics. Further research, including an overnight study, is needed to gain insights into the feasibility of utilizing penile temperature measurements for nocturnal erection detection and to assess the impact of the 'Staying Hot effect' on subsequent erection detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hille J. Torenvlied
- Department of UrologySt. Antonius ZiekenhuisNieuwegeinNetherlands
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, BIOS Lab on a Chip groupUniversiteit TwenteEnschedeNetherlands
- Department of UrologyLeiden Universitair Medisch CentrumLeidenNetherlands
| | - Evelien Trip
- Department of UrologySt. Antonius ZiekenhuisNieuwegeinNetherlands
- Department of UrologyLeiden Universitair Medisch CentrumLeidenNetherlands
| | - Wouter Olthuis
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, BIOS Lab on a Chip groupUniversiteit TwenteEnschedeNetherlands
| | - Loes I. Segerink
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, BIOS Lab on a Chip groupUniversiteit TwenteEnschedeNetherlands
| | - Jack J. H. Beck
- Department of UrologySt. Antonius ZiekenhuisNieuwegeinNetherlands
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13
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Höhn C, Hahn MA, Lendner JD, Hoedlmoser K. Spectral Slope and Lempel-Ziv Complexity as Robust Markers of Brain States during Sleep and Wakefulness. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0259-23.2024. [PMID: 38471778 PMCID: PMC10978822 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0259-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonoscillatory measures of brain activity such as the spectral slope and Lempel-Ziv complexity are affected by many neurological disorders and modulated by sleep. A multitude of frequency ranges, particularly a broadband (encompassing the full spectrum) and a narrowband approach, have been used especially for estimating the spectral slope. However, the effects of choosing different frequency ranges have not yet been explored in detail. Here, we evaluated the impact of sleep stage and task engagement (resting, attention, and memory) on slope and complexity in a narrowband (30-45 Hz) and broadband (1-45 Hz) frequency range in 28 healthy male human subjects (21.54 ± 1.90 years) using a within-subject design over 2 weeks with three recording nights and days per subject. We strived to determine how different brain states and frequency ranges affect slope and complexity and how the two measures perform in comparison. In the broadband range, the slope steepened, and complexity decreased continuously from wakefulness to N3 sleep. REM sleep, however, was best discriminated by the narrowband slope. Importantly, slope and complexity also differed between tasks during wakefulness. While narrowband complexity decreased with task engagement, the slope flattened in both frequency ranges. Interestingly, only the narrowband slope was positively correlated with task performance. Our results show that slope and complexity are sensitive indices of brain state variations during wakefulness and sleep. However, the spectral slope yields more information and could be used for a greater variety of research questions than Lempel-Ziv complexity, especially when a narrowband frequency range is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Höhn
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael A Hahn
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Medical Center Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janna D Lendner
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Medical Center Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hoedlmoser
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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14
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Irrera F, Gumiero A, Zampogna A, Boscari F, Avogaro A, Gazzanti Pugliese di Cotrone MA, Patera M, Della Torre L, Picozzi N, Suppa A. Multisensor Integrated Platform Based on MEMS Charge Variation Sensing Technology for Biopotential Acquisition. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1554. [PMID: 38475089 DOI: 10.3390/s24051554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
We propose a new methodology for long-term biopotential recording based on an MEMS multisensor integrated platform featuring a commercial electrostatic charge-transfer sensor. This family of sensors was originally intended for presence tracking in the automotive industry, so the existing setup was engineered for the acquisition of electrocardiograms, electroencephalograms, electrooculograms, and electromyography, designing a dedicated front-end and writing proper firmware for the specific application. Systematic tests on controls and nocturnal acquisitions from patients in a domestic environment will be discussed in detail. The excellent results indicate that this technology can provide a low-power, unexplored solution to biopotential acquisition. The technological breakthrough is in that it enables adding this type of functionality to existing MEMS boards at near-zero additional power consumption. For these reasons, it opens up additional possibilities for wearable sensors and strengthens the role of MEMS technology in medical wearables for the long-term synchronous acquisition of a wide range of signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Irrera
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Zampogna
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Martina Patera
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Suppa
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
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15
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Navarrete M, Greco V, Rakowska M, Bellesi M, Lewis PA. Auditory stimulation during REM sleep modulates REM electrophysiology and cognitive performance. Commun Biol 2024; 7:193. [PMID: 38365955 PMCID: PMC10873307 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
REM sleep is critical for memory, emotion, and cognition. Manipulating brain activity during REM could improve our understanding of its function and benefits. Earlier studies have suggested that auditory stimulation in REM might modulate REM time and reduce rapid eye movement density. Building on this, we studied the cognitive effects and electroencephalographic responses related to such stimulation. We used acoustic stimulation locked to eye movements during REM and compared two overnight conditions (stimulation and no-stimulation). We evaluated the impact of this stimulation on REM sleep duration and electrophysiology, as well as two REM-sensitive memory tasks: visual discrimination and mirror tracing. Our results show that this auditory stimulation in REM decreases the rapid eye movements that characterize REM sleep and improves performance on the visual task but is detrimental to the mirror tracing task. We also observed increased beta-band activity and decreased theta-band activity following stimulation. Interestingly, these spectral changes were associated with changes in behavioural performance. These results show that acoustic stimulation can modulate REM sleep and suggest that different memory processes underpin its divergent impacts on cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Navarrete
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
- Psychology and Biobehavioral Sciences Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
| | - Viviana Greco
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Martyna Rakowska
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Michele Bellesi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032, Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Penelope A Lewis
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
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16
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Huang Y, Zhang J, You D, Chen S, Lin Z, Li B, Ling M, Tong H, Li F. Mechanisms underlying palmitic acid-induced disruption of locomotor activity and sleep behavior in Drosophila. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 276:109813. [PMID: 38070757 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The globally prevalent of sleep disorders is partly attributed to unhealthy dietary habits. This study investigated the underlying mechanisms of elevated palmitic acid (PA) intake on locomotor activity and sleep behavior in Drosophila. Our results indicate that exposure to PA significantly elevated Drosophila's daytime and nighttime locomotor activity while concurrently reducing overall sleep duration. Utilizing 16S rRNA sequencing, we observed substantial alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota induced by PA, notably, characterized by a significant reduction in Lactobacillus plantarum. Furthermore, PA significantly increased the levels of inflammatory factors Upd3 and Eiger in Drosophila intestines, and downregulated the expression of Gad and Tph, as well as 5-HT1A. Conversely, Gdh and Hdc were significantly upregulated in the PA group. Supplementation with L. plantarum or lactic acid significantly ameliorated PA-induced disruptions in both locomotor activity and sleep behavior. This supplementation also suppressed the expression of intestinal inflammatory factors, thus restoring impaired neurotransmitter-mediated sleep-wake regulation. Moreover, specific knockdown of intestinal epithelial Upd3 or Eiger similarly restored disrupted neurotransmitter expression, ultimately improving PA-induced disturbances in Drosophila locomotor activity and sleep behavior. These findings provide important insights into the intricate interplay between dietary components and essential behaviors, highlighting potential avenues for addressing health challenges associated with modern dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Huang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Dongdong You
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Shangqin Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Zhongdong Lin
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Boyang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Menglai Ling
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Haibin Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
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17
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Jia C, Tian L, Cheng C, Zhang J, Al-Nusaif M, Li T, Yang H, Lin Y, Li S, Le W. α-Synuclein reduces acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase mediated melatonin biosynthesis by microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta-related degradation pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:61. [PMID: 38279053 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that α-synuclein (α-SYN) is closely associated with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) related to several neurodegenerative disorders. However, the exact molecular mechanisms are still rarely investigated. In the present study, we found that in the α-SYNA53T induced RBD-like behavior mouse model, the melatonin level in the plasma and pineal gland were significantly decreased. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of α-SYN-induced melatonin reduction, we investigated the effect of α-SYN in melatonin biosynthesis. Our findings showed that α-SYN reduced the level and activity of melatonin synthesis enzyme acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT) in the pineal gland and in the cell cultures. In addition, we found that microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B) as an important autophagy adapter is involved in the degradation of ASMT. Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that α-SYN increases the binding between LC3B and ASMT, leading to ASMT degradation and a consequent reduction in melatonin biosynthesis. Collectively, our results demonstrate the molecular mechanisms of α-SYN in melatonin biosynthesis, indicating that melatonin is an important molecule involved in the α-SYN-associated RBD-like behaviors, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for RBD of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Jia
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Lulu Tian
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Murad Al-Nusaif
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Tianbai Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Huijia Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Yushan Lin
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Song Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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18
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Restrepo C, Lobbezoo F, Castrillon E, Svensson P, Santamaria A, Manfredini D. Correlations between sleep architecture and sleep-related masseter muscle activity in children with sleep bruxism. J Oral Rehabil 2024; 51:110-116. [PMID: 36790219 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep bruxism (SB) occurring during No-REM (nREM) sleep and increase in microarousals per hour have been described in adults, but not in children. OBJECTIVE To assess the correlation between sleep architecture and masseter muscle activity related to sleep bruxism (SB/MMA) in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-three children aged 7-12 years (mean age: 9.4 ± 1.3) with confirmed SB underwent a two-night polysomnographic (PSG) study in a sleep laboratory, for accommodation (first night) and data collection (second night). Data on sleep architecture (total sleep duration (TSD), sleep efficiency (SE), sleep onset latency (SOL), REM and nREM sleep duration and proportion and microarousals/hour during REM and nREM sleep) and episodes/hour of SB/MMA were recorded. Single and multiple-variable linear regression analyses were performed to assess the correlation between data on sleep architecture (predictors) and SB/MMA (dependent variable). RESULTS Shorter TSD, REM and nREM stage 1 sleep duration, longer SOL and more microarousals/hour during REM and nREM sleep were found to be positive predictors of SB/MMA in children in the multiple-variable regression analysis (R2 = 0.511). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that SB/MMA is correlated with altered sleep architecture in children (shorter total sleep duration (TSD), shorter nREM and REM sleep and higher microarousals during REM and nREM sleep). Nevertheless, the clinical significance of these findings need to be demonstrated in future studies.
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19
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Liang E, Chen Y, Yan Y, Wang S, Yuan J, Yu T. Role of the substantia nigra pars reticulata in sleep-wakefulness: A review of research progress. Sleep Med 2024; 113:284-292. [PMID: 38071927 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is a complex physiological process that includes two main stages: non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. During mammalian sleep, especially REM sleep, skeletal muscles are suppressed to varying degrees, and corresponding movements are inhibited. The synchronous occurrence of sleep and motor inhibition suggests they may share the same neural circuits. Recently, the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) has attracted attention for its potential dual role in regulating sleep-wake cycles and movement. In this review, the SNr's role is surveyed by examining existing research reports regarding its involvement in sleep-wake regulation and motor control. By focusing on the SNr, the goal is to shed light on its dual role intricacies and stimulate further inquiry into potential interactions between sleep and movement regulation, thus aiming to explore sleep-wake regulatory mechanisms and offer novel directions for subsequent scientific investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enpeng Liang
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Ya Chen
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 563000, Zunyi, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Tian Yu
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
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20
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Zhang C, Zhu DM, Zhang Y, Chen T, Liu S, Chen J, Cai H, Zhu J, Yu Y. Neural substrates underlying REM sleep duration in patients with major depressive disorder: A longitudinal study combining multimodal MRI data. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:546-553. [PMID: 37848093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior studies have discussed rapid eye movement (REM) sleep disturbance as a potential endophenotype of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the neural substrates underlying the percentage of REM sleep duration (REM%) and its association with disease progression in MDD remain unclear. METHODS One hundred and fourteen MDD patients and 74 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans as well as overnight polysomnography examination to assess brain function and REM%, with 48 patients completing follow-up visits. Correlation and mediation analyses were conducted to investigate the associations among baseline REM%, multimodal brain imaging measures, and the improvement of depressive symptoms at follow-up in MDD. RESULTS We found voxel-wise correlations between baseline REM% and multimodal brain imaging metrics in many brain regions involved in sensorimotor, visual processing, emotion, and cognition in patients with MDD. Moreover, the baseline REM% was correlated with the improvement of depressive symptoms from acute to remitted status in patients through regulating brain activity in the left inferior temporal gyrus and cerebral blood flow in the bilateral paracentral lobule. CONCLUSION Our findings help to identify the neural underpinnings of REM% in depression and highlight REM% as a potential prognostic biomarker to predict disease progression. These may inform future novel interventions of MDD from the perspective of regulating REM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Dao-Min Zhu
- Department of Sleep Disorders, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Sleep Disorders, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Sleep Disorders, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jingyao Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Huanhuan Cai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
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21
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Liang M, Jian T, Tao J, Wang X, Wang R, Jin W, Chen Q, Yao J, Zhao Z, Yang X, Xiao J, Yang Z, Liao X, Chen X, Wang L, Qin H. Hypothalamic supramammillary neurons that project to the medial septum modulate wakefulness in mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1255. [PMID: 38087004 PMCID: PMC10716381 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05637-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus (SuM) plays a crucial role in controlling wakefulness, but the downstream target regions participating in this control process remain unknown. Here, using circuit-specific fiber photometry and single-neuron electrophysiology together with electroencephalogram, electromyogram and behavioral recordings, we find that approximately half of SuM neurons that project to the medial septum (MS) are wake-active. Optogenetic stimulation of axonal terminals of SuM-MS projection induces a rapid and reliable transition to wakefulness from non-rapid-eye movement or rapid-eye movement sleep, and chemogenetic activation of SuMMS projecting neurons significantly increases wakefulness time and prolongs latency to sleep. Consistently, chemogenetically inhibiting these neurons significantly reduces wakefulness time and latency to sleep. Therefore, these results identify the MS as a functional downstream target of SuM and provide evidence for the modulation of wakefulness by this hypothalamic-septal projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Liang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tingliang Jian
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wenjun Jin
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qianwei Chen
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiwei Yao
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zhikai Zhao
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jingyu Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Zhiqi Yang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiang Liao
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, 400064, China.
| | - Liecheng Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Han Qin
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, 400064, China.
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22
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Sobreira-Neto MA, Stelzer FG, Gitaí LLG, Alves RC, Eckeli AL, Schenck CH. REM sleep behavior disorder: update on diagnosis and management. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2023; 81:1179-1194. [PMID: 38157884 PMCID: PMC10756822 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by a loss of atonia of skeletal muscles during REM sleep, associated with acting out behaviors during dreams. Knowledge of this pathology is important to predict neurodegenerative diseases since there is a strong association of RBD with diseases caused by the deposition of alpha-synuclein in neurons (synucleinopathies), such as Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Proper diagnosis of this condition will enable the use of future neuroprotective strategies before motor and cognitive symptoms. Diagnostic assessment should begin with a detailed clinical history with the patient and bed partner or roommate and the examination of any recorded home videos. Polysomnography (PSG) is necessary to verify the loss of sleep atonia and, when documented, the behaviors during sleep. Technical recommendations for PSG acquisition and analysis are defined in the AASM Manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events, and the PSG report should describe the percentage of REM sleep epochs that meet the criteria for RWA (REM without atonia) to better distinguish patients with and without RBD. Additionally, PSG helps rule out conditions that may mimic RBD, such as obstructive sleep apnea, non-REM sleep parasomnias, nocturnal epileptic seizures, periodic limb movements, and psychiatric disorders. Treatment of RBD involves guidance on protecting the environment and avoiding injuries to the patient and bed partner/roommate. Use of medications are also reviewed in the article. The development of neuroprotective medications will be crucial for future RBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Gustavo Stelzer
- Univeridade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil.
| | - Lívia Leite Góes Gitaí
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Maceió AL, Brazil.
| | | | - Alan Luiz Eckeli
- Univeridade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos H. Schenck
- Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center; and University of Minnesota, Medical School, Departments of Psychiatry; and Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis MN, United States of America.
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23
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Pintwala SK, Peever J. Brain Circuits Underlying Narcolepsy. Neuroscientist 2023; 29:751-766. [PMID: 34704497 DOI: 10.1177/10738584211052263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder manifesting symptoms such as excessive daytime sleepiness and often cataplexy, a sudden and involuntary loss of muscle activity during wakefulness. The underlying neuropathological basis of narcolepsy is the loss of orexin neurons from the lateral hypothalamus. To date numerous animal models of narcolepsy have been produced in the laboratory, being invaluable tools for delineating the brain circuits of narcolepsy. This review will examine the evidence regarding the function of the orexin system, and how loss of this wake-promoting system manifests in excessive daytime sleepiness. This review will also outline the brain circuits controlling cataplexy, focusing on the contribution of orexin signaling loss in narcolepsy. Although our understanding of the brain circuits of narcolepsy has made great progress in recent years, much remains to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Peever
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Smith MG, Basner M. Environmental stressors, sleep, and a visit from St. Nicholas. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2023; 4:zpad048. [PMID: 38046223 PMCID: PMC10691440 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Smith
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mathias Basner
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
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25
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Kharchenko V, Zhdanova IV. The Wave Model of Sleep Dynamics and an Invariant Relationship between NonREM and REM Sleep. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:686-716. [PMID: 37987397 PMCID: PMC10660848 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Explaining the complex structure and dynamics of sleep, which consist of alternating and physiologically distinct nonREM and REM sleep episodes, has posed a significant challenge. In this study, we demonstrate that a single-wave model concept captures the distinctly different overnight dynamics of the four primary sleep measures-the duration and intensity of nonREM and REM sleep episodes-with high quantitative precision for both regular and extended sleep. The model also accurately predicts how these polysomnographic measures respond to sleep deprivation or abundance. Furthermore, the model passes the ultimate test, as its prediction leads to a novel experimental finding-an invariant relationship between the duration of nonREM episodes and the intensity of REM episodes, the product of which remains constant over consecutive sleep cycles. These results suggest a functional unity between nonREM and REM sleep, establishing a comprehensive and quantitative framework for understanding normal sleep and sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasili Kharchenko
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
- Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Irina V. Zhdanova
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- BioChron LLC, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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26
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Leconte CE, Ng JW, Manzardo AM, Douglass MM. A Pediatric Patient with Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Comorbid Depression and Substance Abuse. Case Rep Psychiatry 2023; 2023:9985503. [PMID: 38028754 PMCID: PMC10656197 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9985503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), depression, and substance abuse problems share similar symptomatology and have significant interplay. An underlying diagnosis of OSA can often be overlooked in patients with significant psychiatric illness and polysubstance use. Pediatric OSA is often associated with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and frequently requires surgical intervention for resolution of symptoms. Untreated OSA can worsen mental status and encourage polysubstance abuse as a form of self-medication. Proper identification and management of OSA plays an important role in treating psychiatric conditions. We report a 16-year-old with major depressive disorder (MDD), suicide attempts, polysubstance use disorder, and severe OSA admitted to an inpatient psychiatric facility. History included sleep and mood disturbances started at age 12. Patient presented with apnea-hypopnea index greater than 50 and started on bilevel-positive airway pressure (BiPAP) prior to admission. Management of OSA led to significant improvement of MDD, insomnia, and polysubstance abuse. OSA can often be overlooked in patients with MDD or substance abuse. Among adolescent patients with poorly managed psychiatric conditions, significant sleep disturbances, and polysubstance abuse, providers should maintain a high degree of suspicion for OSA, as its proper management will aid in the management of the other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. Leconte
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, 2060 W 39th Avenue, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Joshua W. Ng
- University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, 1010 N Kansas Street, Wichita, KS 67214, USA
| | - Ann M. Manzardo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Mitchell M. Douglass
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
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27
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Raffaelli B, Kull P, Mecklenburg J, Lange KS, Overeem LH, Fitzek MP, Siebert A, Steinicke M, Triller P, Neeb L, Dreier JP, Reuter U, Kondziella D. Near-death experiences are associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep intrusions in migraine patients, independent of migraine aura. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:3322-3331. [PMID: 37489579 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Migraine aura, near-death experiences (NDEs), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep intrusions might share common mechanisms. Here, we investigated the prevalence of NDEs and REM sleep intrusions in people with migraine. We hypothesized that NDEs and REM sleep intrusions are more prevalent in migraine patients with aura than in those without. METHODS We conducted a prospective cross-sectional cohort study at a tertiary headache center, based on a prespecified sample size (n = 808). Migraine patients completed a series of questionnaires, including questions about demographic and headache characteristics, the 16-item Greyson NDE scale, four questions about REM sleep intrusions, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21). RESULTS Of 808 migraine patients (mean age 44.4 ± 13.3 years, 87.0% women), 353 (43.7%) had a current or previous history of migraine aura. Prevalence of NDE was 2.7% and not different in patients with and without aura (2.8% vs. 2.6%; p > 0.999). REM sleep intrusions were reported by 5.4% of participants and in a similar proportion of patients with and without aura (6.3% vs. 4.9%; p = 0.43). However, participants with REM sleep intrusions had had an NDE more often than participants without REM sleep intrusions (n = 5/44, 11.4% vs. n = 17/754, 2.2%; p = 0.005). Higher DASS-21 scores were associated with REM sleep intrusions (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In this tertiary center cohort study, the prevalence of NDE and REM sleep intrusions was not influenced by migraine aura status. However, we identified an association between NDE and REM sleep intrusions, which corroborates the notion that they might share pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Raffaelli
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Pia Kull
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jasper Mecklenburg
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin S Lange
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucas H Overeem
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- International Graduate Program Medical Neurosciences, Humboldt Graduate School, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mira P Fitzek
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Siebert
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maureen Steinicke
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Triller
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Neeb
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Helios Global Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens P Dreier
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Reuter
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel Kondziella
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Hong J, Lozano DE, Beier KT, Chung S, Weber F. Prefrontal cortical regulation of REM sleep. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1820-1832. [PMID: 37735498 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01398-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is accompanied by intense cortical activity, underlying its wake-like electroencephalogram. The neural activity inducing REM sleep is thought to originate from subcortical circuits in brainstem and hypothalamus. However, whether cortical neurons can also trigger REM sleep has remained unknown. Here we show in mice that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) strongly promotes REM sleep. Bidirectional optogenetic manipulations demonstrate that excitatory mPFC neurons promote REM sleep through their projections to the lateral hypothalamus and regulate phasic events, reflected in accelerated electroencephalogram theta oscillations and increased eye movement density during REM sleep. Calcium imaging reveals that the majority of lateral hypothalamus-projecting mPFC neurons are maximally activated during REM sleep and a subpopulation is recruited during phasic theta accelerations. Our results delineate a cortico-hypothalamic circuit for the top-down control of REM sleep and identify a critical role of the mPFC in regulating phasic events during REM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiso Hong
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David E Lozano
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin T Beier
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shinjae Chung
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Franz Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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29
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Gao JX, Yan G, Li XX, Xie JF, Spruyt K, Shao YF, Hou YP. The Ponto-Geniculo-Occipital (PGO) Waves in Dreaming: An Overview. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1350. [PMID: 37759951 PMCID: PMC10526299 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is the main sleep correlate of dreaming. Ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves are a signature of REM sleep. They represent the physiological mechanism of REM sleep that specifically limits the processing of external information. PGO waves look just like a message sent from the pons to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the visual thalamus, the occipital cortex, and other areas of the brain. The dedicated visual pathway of PGO waves can be interpreted by the brain as visual information, leading to the visual hallucinosis of dreams. PGO waves are considered to be both a reflection of REM sleep brain activity and causal to dreams due to their stimulation of the cortex. In this review, we summarize the role of PGO waves in potential neural circuits of two major theories, i.e., (1) dreams are generated by the activation of neural activity in the brainstem; (2) PGO waves signaling to the cortex. In addition, the potential physiological functions during REM sleep dreams, such as memory consolidation, unlearning, and brain development and plasticity and mood regulation, are discussed. It is hoped that our review will support and encourage research into the phenomenon of human PGO waves and their possible functions in dreaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
| | - Guizhong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
| | - Xin-Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
| | - Jun-Fan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
| | - Karen Spruyt
- NeuroDiderot-INSERM, Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France;
| | - Yu-Feng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
| | - Yi-Ping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
- Sleep Medicine Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
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30
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Fattal D, Platti N, Hester S, Wendt L. Vivid dreams are associated with a high percentage of REM sleep: a prospective study in veterans. J Clin Sleep Med 2023; 19:1661-1668. [PMID: 37128719 PMCID: PMC10476037 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Vivid dreams are dreams that feel real or are associated with dream enactment behavior. They are prevalent in veterans, especially in those with psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorders. Such psychiatric disorders have known association with abnormalities in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Vivid dreams are also described in neurological conditions, such Lewy body dementias, which are also associated with REM sleep abnormality. Although vivid dreams occur in neuropsychiatric disorders that have REM sleep abnormalities, there are no studies that have directly investigated an association between vivid dreams and REM sleep. We sought to study vivid dreams and REM sleep in veterans. METHODS Veterans undergoing polysomnography at our hospital were invited to enroll. Participants completed a dream-related questionnaire the morning after their polysomnography. RESULTS We prospectively enrolled 505 veterans. After a night in the sleep laboratory, 196 of 504 (39%) reported experiencing a dream, and, of those, 117 of 190 (62%) described their dream as vivid. Discrepancies in patient totals are secondary to missing questionnaire data. Our novel finding is that participants with a high percentage of REM sleep (above 25%) were more than twice likely to report a vivid dream than participants with a lower percentage of REM sleep (P < .0001). Nonvivid dreams were not associated with a high percentage of REM sleep. CONCLUSIONS Vivid dreams are associated with a high percentage of REM sleep. Further research into the role of REM sleep abnormalities in vivid dreams may help to advance understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders. CITATION Fattal D, Platti N, Hester S, Wendt L. Vivid dreams are associated with a high percentage of REM sleep: a prospective study in veterans. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(9):1661-1668.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deema Fattal
- Neurology Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Nicole Platti
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Linder Wendt
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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31
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O’Regan D, Garcia-Borreguero D, Gloggner F, Wild I, Leontiou C, Ferini-Strambi L. Mapping the insomnia patient journey in Europe and Canada. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1233201. [PMID: 37711247 PMCID: PMC10497771 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1233201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Insomnia affects daily functioning and overall health, and is thus associated with significant individual, societal, and economic burden. The experience of patients living with insomnia, their perception of the condition, and its impact on their quality of life is not well documented. The objective of this study was to map the patient journey in insomnia and identify unmet needs. Methods Participants were individuals with insomnia, and healthcare professionals (HCPs) who treat insomnia, in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, and Canada. Qualitative interviews (50 patients, 70 HCPs) and a quantitative survey (700 patients, 723 HCPs) were conducted to inform the patient-journey mapping and obtain information on the emotions, perceptions, and experiences of patients and HCPs. Results The patient journey comprises seven phases. The first defines the onset of insomnia symptoms. Phase 2 represents self-initiated behavior change to improve sleep (e.g., sleep hygiene, reducing caffeine, exercise). The next phase is characterized by use of over-the-counter (OTC) treatments, which generally fail to provide lasting relief. Phase 4 describes the first HCP consultation (occurring several months to several years after onset) and typically occurs at a crisis point for the patient; patients may be looking for an immediate solution (e.g., medication), which may not align with their HCP's recommendation. The following stage comprises sleep hygiene/behavioral changes (±OTC treatment) under HCP guidance for many patients, although offering prescription treatments without a sleep hygiene stage under supervision is more common in some countries. Phase 6 describes prescription medication initiation, where patients fluctuate between relief/hopefulness and a sense of failure, while HCPs try to balance the need to provide relief for the patient while maintaining best medical practice and minimizing adverse effects. The final phase (living with long-term insomnia) represents an indefinite period during which sleep issues remain unresolved for many patients, with most of them continuing to use prescription treatments for longer than indicated and creating their own variable, self-managed regimens combining multiple modalities. Conclusion This patient journey analysis for insomnia revealed seven distinct phases, highlighting different touchpoints where insomnia management could be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O’Regan
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Imane Wild
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
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Lepage KQ, Jain S, Kvavilashvili A, Witcher M, Vijayan S. Unsupervised Multitaper Spectral Method for Identifying REM Sleep in Intracranial EEG Recordings Lacking EOG/EMG Data. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1009. [PMID: 37760111 PMCID: PMC10525760 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of human intracranial EEG (iEEG) recordings have been collected for clinical purposes, in institutions all over the world, but the vast majority of these are unaccompanied by EOG and EMG recordings which are required to separate Wake episodes from REM sleep using accepted methods. In order to make full use of this extremely valuable data, an accurate method of classifying sleep from iEEG recordings alone is required. Existing methods of sleep scoring using only iEEG recordings accurately classify all stages of sleep, with the exception that wake (W) and rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep are not well distinguished. A novel multitaper (Wake vs. REM) alpha-rhythm classifier is developed by generalizing K-means clustering for use with multitaper spectral eigencoefficients. The performance of this unsupervised method is assessed on eight subjects exhibiting normal sleep architecture in a hold-out analysis and is compared against a classical power detector. The proposed multitaper classifier correctly identifies 36±6 min of REM in one night of recorded sleep, while incorrectly labeling less than 10% of all labeled 30 s epochs for all but one subject (human rater reliability is estimated to be near 80%), and outperforms the equivalent statistical-power classical test. Hold-out analysis indicates that when using one night's worth of data, an accurate generalization of the method on new data is likely. For the purpose of studying sleep, the introduced multitaper alpha-rhythm classifier further paves the way to making available a large quantity of otherwise unusable IEEG data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Q. Lepage
- School of Neuroscience, Sandy Hall, Virginia Tech, 210 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (A.K.); (S.V.)
| | - Sparsh Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, 325 Stanger St., Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Andrew Kvavilashvili
- School of Neuroscience, Sandy Hall, Virginia Tech, 210 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (A.K.); (S.V.)
| | - Mark Witcher
- Section of Neurosurgery, Carilion Clinic, Carilion Roanoke Memorial Hospital, 1906 Belleview Ave SE, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA;
| | - Sujith Vijayan
- School of Neuroscience, Sandy Hall, Virginia Tech, 210 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (A.K.); (S.V.)
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Jin H, Shen H, Liu C, Wang L, Mao C, Chen J, Liu CF, Zhang Y. Decreased serum BDNF contributes to the onset of REM sleep behavior disorder in Parkinson's disease patients. Neurosci Lett 2023; 812:137380. [PMID: 37423466 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. BDNF enhances the survival of dopaminergic neurons and improves dopaminergic neurotransmission and motor performance in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the association between BDNF levels and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in PD patients has received limited attention. METHODS We employed the Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Questionnaire-Hong Kong version (RBDQ-HK) and the Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ) for RBD diagnosis. Patients were categorized into three groups: healthy controls (n = 53), PD patients without RBD (PD-nRBD; n = 56), and PD patients with RBD (PD-RBD; n = 45). Serum BDNF concentrations, demographic information, medical history, and motor/non-motor manifestations were compared between the three groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors associated with PD and RBD. P-trend analysis was used to assess the relationship between BDNF levels and the risk of PD and RBD onset. Interaction effects were analyzed between BDNF, patients' age, and gender on the risk of RBD onset in PD patients. RESULTS Our findings indicate that serum BDNF levels were significantly lower in PD patients compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001). PD-RBD patients exhibited higher motor symptom scores (UPDRS III) than PD-nRBD patients (p = 0.021). Additionally, the PD-RBD group demonstrated lower cognitive function scores as measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (p < 0.001) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (p = 0.015). PD-RBD patients displayed significantly lower BDNF levels compared to both PD-nRBD and healthy control groups (p < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that reduced BDNF levels were associated with an increased risk of RBD in PD patients (p = 0.005). P-trend analysis further confirmed the progressive relationship between decreased BDNF levels and the risk of PD and RBD onset. Furthermore, our interaction analysis highlighted the importance of monitoring younger PD patients with low serum BDNF levels for potential RBD onset. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrates that decreased serum BDNF levels may be linked to the development of RBD in PD patients, highlighting the potential utility of BDNF as a biomarker in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jin
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Hengjie Community Health Service Center of Shuangta Street, Suzhou Gusu District, Suzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lanxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chengjie Mao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Fraigne JJ, Luppi PH, Mahoney CE, De Luca R, Shiromani PJ, Weber F, Adamantidis A, Peever J. Dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area modulate rapid eye movement sleep. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad024. [PMID: 36775897 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy J Fraigne
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pierre H Luppi
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM, and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Carrie E Mahoney
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberto De Luca
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Priyattam J Shiromani
- Laboratory of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Franz Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antoine Adamantidis
- Departments of Neurology and Biomedical Research, Centre for Experimental Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - John Peever
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Moen F, Pettersen SA, Gjertsås K, Vatn M, Ravenhorst M, Kvålsvoll A, Liland KH, Mosleth EF. The effect of bio-electro-magnetic-energy-regulation therapy on sleep duration and sleep quality among elite players in Norwegian women's football. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1230281. [PMID: 37614490 PMCID: PMC10443099 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1230281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated if physical loads peak on game days and if Bio-Electro-Magnetic-Energy-Regulation (BEMER) therapy is affecting sleep duration and sleep quality on nights related to game nights among elite players in Norwegian women's elite football. The sample included 21 female football players from an elite top series club with a mean age of ~24 years (± 2.8). Sleep was measured every day over a period of 273 consecutive days with a Somnofy sleep monitor based on ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) pulse radar and Doppler technology. The current study was conducted as a quasi-experiment, where each player was their own control based on a control period that lasted for 3 months, and an experimental period that lasted for 5 months. Accordantly, the time each player spent with BEMER therapy was used as a control variable. Multivariate analyses of variance using FFMANOVA and univariate ANOVA with False Discovery Rate adjusted p-values show that physical performance (total distance, distance per minute, sprint meters >22.5 kmh, accelerations and decelerations) significantly peak on game day compared with ordinary training days and days related to game days. The results also show that sleep quantity and quality are significantly reduced on game night, which indicate disturbed sleep caused by the peak in physical load. Most sleep variables significantly increased in the experiment period, where BEMER therapy was used, compared to the control period before the introduction of BEMER therapy. Further, the analyses show that players who spent BEMER therapy >440 h had the most positive effects on their sleep, and that these effects were significantly compared to the players who used BEMER therapy <440 h. The findings are discussed based on the function of sleep and the different sleep stages have on recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frode Moen
- Department of Education and Lifelong Learning, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Svein Arne Pettersen
- School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kine Gjertsås
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marte Vatn
- Department of Sociology and Political Science, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martijn Ravenhorst
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Kristian Hovde Liland
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Ellen F. Mosleth
- Nofima AS - The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
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Nir Y, de Lecea L. Sleep and vigilance states: Embracing spatiotemporal dynamics. Neuron 2023; 111:1998-2011. [PMID: 37148873 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The classic view of sleep and vigilance states is a global stationary perspective driven by the interaction between neuromodulators and thalamocortical systems. However, recent data are challenging this view by demonstrating that vigilance states are highly dynamic and regionally complex. Spatially, sleep- and wake-like states often co-occur across distinct brain regions, as in unihemispheric sleep, local sleep in wakefulness, and during development. Temporally, dynamic switching prevails around state transitions, during extended wakefulness, and in fragmented sleep. This knowledge, together with methods monitoring brain activity across multiple regions simultaneously at millisecond resolution with cell-type specificity, is rapidly shifting how we consider vigilance states. A new perspective incorporating multiple spatial and temporal scales may have important implications for considering the governing neuromodulatory mechanisms, the functional roles of vigilance states, and their behavioral manifestations. A modular and dynamic view highlights novel avenues for finer spatiotemporal interventions to improve sleep function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Nir
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; The Sieratzki-Sagol Center for Sleep Medicine, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel.
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Schott AL, Baik J, Chung S, Weber F. A medullary hub for controlling REM sleep and pontine waves. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3922. [PMID: 37400467 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep is a distinct behavioral state associated with vivid dreaming and memory processing. Phasic bursts of electrical activity, measurable as spike-like pontine (P)-waves, are a hallmark of REM sleep implicated in memory consolidation. However, the brainstem circuits regulating P-waves, and their interactions with circuits generating REM sleep, remain largely unknown. Here, we show that an excitatory population of dorsomedial medulla (dmM) neurons expressing corticotropin-releasing-hormone (CRH) regulates both REM sleep and P-waves in mice. Calcium imaging showed that dmM CRH neurons are selectively activated during REM sleep and recruited during P-waves, and opto- and chemogenetic experiments revealed that this population promotes REM sleep. Chemogenetic manipulation also induced prolonged changes in P-wave frequency, while brief optogenetic activation reliably triggered P-waves along with transiently accelerated theta oscillations in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Together, these findings anatomically and functionally delineate a common medullary hub for the regulation of both REM sleep and P-waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Schott
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Justin Baik
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shinjae Chung
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Franz Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Osanai H, Yamamoto J, Kitamura T. Extracting electromyographic signals from multi-channel LFPs using independent component analysis without direct muscular recording. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100482. [PMID: 37426755 PMCID: PMC10326347 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Electromyography (EMG) has been commonly used for the precise identification of animal behavior. However, it is often not recorded together with in vivo electrophysiology due to the need for additional surgeries and setups and the high risk of mechanical wire disconnection. While independent component analysis (ICA) has been used to reduce noise from field potential data, there has been no attempt to proactively use the removed "noise," of which EMG signals are thought to be one of the major sources. Here, we demonstrate that EMG signals can be reconstructed without direct EMG recording using the "noise" ICA component from local field potentials. The extracted component is highly correlated with directly measured EMG, termed IC-EMG. IC-EMG is useful for measuring an animal's sleep/wake, freezing response, and non-rapid eye movement (NREM)/REM sleep states consistently with actual EMG. Our method has advantages in precise and long-term behavioral measurement in wide-ranging in vivo electrophysiology experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayuki Osanai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Takashi Kitamura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Fraigne JJ, Wang J, Lee H, Luke R, Pintwala SK, Peever JH. A novel machine learning system for identifying sleep-wake states in mice. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad101. [PMID: 37021715 PMCID: PMC10262194 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Research into sleep-wake behaviors relies on scoring sleep states, normally done by manual inspection of electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) recordings. This is a highly time-consuming process prone to inter-rater variability. When studying relationships between sleep and motor function, analyzing arousal states under a four-state system of active wake (AW), quiet wake (QW), nonrapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep, and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep provides greater precision in behavioral analysis but is a more complex model for classification than the traditional three-state identification (wake, NREM, and REM sleep) usually used in rodent models. Characteristic features between sleep-wake states provide potential for the use of machine learning to automate classification. Here, we devised SleepEns, which uses a novel ensemble architecture, the time-series ensemble. SleepEns achieved 90% accuracy to the source expert, which was statistically similar to the performance of two other human experts. Considering the capacity for classification disagreements that are still physiologically reasonable, SleepEns had an acceptable performance of 99% accuracy, as determined blindly by the source expert. Classifications given by SleepEns also maintained similar sleep-wake characteristics compared to expert classifications, some of which were essential for sleep-wake identification. Hence, our approach achieves results comparable to human ability in a fraction of the time. This new machine-learning ensemble will significantly impact the ability of sleep researcher to detect and study sleep-wake behaviors in mice and potentially in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy J Fraigne
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Wang
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hanhee Lee
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Russell Luke
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sara K Pintwala
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John H Peever
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Showler L, Ali Abdelhamid Y, Goldin J, Deane AM. Sleep during and following critical illness: A narrative review. World J Crit Care Med 2023; 12:92-115. [PMID: 37397589 PMCID: PMC10308338 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v12.i3.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a complex process influenced by biological and environmental factors. Disturbances of sleep quantity and quality occur frequently in the critically ill and remain prevalent in survivors for at least 12 mo. Sleep disturbances are associated with adverse outcomes across multiple organ systems but are most strongly linked to delirium and cognitive impairment. This review will outline the predisposing and precipitating factors for sleep disturbance, categorised into patient, environmental and treatment-related factors. The objective and subjective methodologies used to quantify sleep during critical illness will be reviewed. While polysomnography remains the gold-standard, its use in the critical care setting still presents many barriers. Other methodologies are needed to better understand the pathophysiology, epidemiology and treatment of sleep disturbance in this population. Subjective outcome measures, including the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, are still required for trials involving a greater number of patients and provide valuable insight into patients’ experiences of disturbed sleep. Finally, sleep optimisation strategies are reviewed, including intervention bundles, ambient noise and light reduction, quiet time, and the use of ear plugs and eye masks. While drugs to improve sleep are frequently prescribed to patients in the ICU, evidence supporting their effectiveness is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Showler
- Intensive Care Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3050, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yasmine Ali Abdelhamid
- Intensive Care Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3050, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeremy Goldin
- Sleep and Respiratory Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3050, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam M Deane
- Intensive Care Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3050, Victoria, Australia
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Ballester Roig MN, Leduc T, Dufort-Gervais J, Maghmoul Y, Tastet O, Mongrain V. Probing pathways by which rhynchophylline modifies sleep using spatial transcriptomics. Biol Direct 2023; 18:21. [PMID: 37143153 PMCID: PMC10161643 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhynchophylline (RHY) is an alkaloid component of Uncaria, which are plants extensively used in traditional Asian medicines. Uncaria treatments increase sleep time and quality in humans, and RHY induces sleep in rats. However, like many traditional natural treatments, the mechanisms of action of RHY and Uncaria remain evasive. Moreover, it is unknown whether RHY modifies key brain oscillations during sleep. We thus aimed at defining the effects of RHY on sleep architecture and oscillations throughout a 24-h cycle, as well as identifying the underlying molecular mechanisms. Mice received systemic RHY injections at two times of the day (beginning and end of the light period), and vigilance states were studied by electrocorticographic recordings. RESULTS RHY enhanced slow wave sleep (SWS) after both injections, suppressed paradoxical sleep (PS) in the light but enhanced PS in the dark period. Furthermore, RHY modified brain oscillations during both wakefulness and SWS (including delta activity dynamics) in a time-dependent manner. Interestingly, most effects were larger in females. A brain spatial transcriptomic analysis showed that RHY modifies the expression of genes linked to cell movement, apoptosis/necrosis, and transcription/translation in a brain region-independent manner, and changes those linked to sleep regulation (e.g., Hcrt, Pmch) in a brain region-specific manner (e.g., in the hypothalamus). CONCLUSIONS The findings provide support to the sleep-inducing effect of RHY, expose the relevance to shape wake/sleep oscillations, and highlight its effects on the transcriptome with a high spatial resolution. The exposed molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of a natural compound should benefit sleep- and brain-related medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Neus Ballester Roig
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Recherche CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Tanya Leduc
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Recherche CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Julien Dufort-Gervais
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Recherche CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Yousra Maghmoul
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Recherche CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Olivier Tastet
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue St-Denis, Tour Viger, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Valérie Mongrain
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Recherche CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue St-Denis, Tour Viger, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
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Wright CJ, Milosavljevic S, Pocivavsek A. The stress of losing sleep: Sex-specific neurobiological outcomes. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 24:100543. [PMID: 37252645 PMCID: PMC10209346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a vital and evolutionarily conserved process, critical to daily functioning and homeostatic balance. Losing sleep is inherently stressful and leads to numerous detrimental physiological outcomes. Despite sleep disturbances affecting everyone, women and female rodents are often excluded or underrepresented in clinical and pre-clinical studies. Advancing our understanding of the role of biological sex in the responses to sleep loss stands to greatly improve our ability to understand and treat health consequences of insufficient sleep. As such, this review discusses sex differences in response to sleep deprivation, with a focus on the sympathetic nervous system stress response and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. We review sex differences in several stress-related consequences of sleep loss, including inflammation, learning and memory deficits, and mood related changes. Focusing on women's health, we discuss the effects of sleep deprivation during the peripartum period. In closing, we present neurobiological mechanisms, including the contribution of sex hormones, orexins, circadian timing systems, and astrocytic neuromodulation, that may underlie potential sex differences in sleep deprivation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Pocivavsek
- Corresponding author. Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, USC School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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Fenk LA, Riquelme JL, Laurent G. Interhemispheric competition during sleep. Nature 2023; 616:312-318. [PMID: 36949193 PMCID: PMC10097603 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05827-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the functions and mechanisms of sleep remains incomplete, reflecting their increasingly evident complexity1-3. Likewise, studies of interhemispheric coordination during sleep4-6 are often hard to connect precisely to known sleep circuits and mechanisms. Here, by recording from the claustra of sleeping bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps), we show that, although the onsets and offsets of Pogona rapid-eye-movement (REMP) and slow-wave sleep are coordinated bilaterally, these two sleep states differ markedly in their inter-claustral coordination. During slow-wave sleep, the claustra produce sharp-wave ripples independently of one another, showing no coordination. By contrast, during REMP sleep, the potentials produced by the two claustra are precisely coordinated in amplitude and time. These signals, however, are not synchronous: one side leads the other by about 20 ms, with the leading side switching typically once per REMP episode or in between successive episodes. The leading claustrum expresses the stronger activity, suggesting bilateral competition. This competition does not occur directly between the two claustra or telencephalic hemispheres. Rather, it occurs in the midbrain and depends on the integrity of a GABAergic (γ-aminobutyric-acid-producing) nucleus of the isthmic complex, which exists in all vertebrates and is known in birds to underlie bottom-up attention and gaze control. These results reveal that a winner-take-all-type competition exists between the two sides of the brain of Pogona, which originates in the midbrain and has precise consequences for claustrum activity and coordination during REMP sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz A Fenk
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Juan Luis Riquelme
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Gilles Laurent
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Cruz-Aguilar MA, Ramírez-Salado I, Hernández-González M, Guevara MA, Rivera-García AP. EEG coherence and power spectra during REM sleep related to melatonin intake in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:441-449. [PMID: 33970752 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1928115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that melatonin diminishes rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pharmacological studies suggest that melatonin promotes prompt sleep installation through interaction with GABA receptors, and that it is associated with acute suppression of neural electrical activity. Nevertheless, melatonin's effects on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity related to REM sleep onset in AD patients have not been analyzed. Thus, in this pilot study we analyzed the effects of melatonin on EEG activity during the first episode of REM sleep in eight patients treated with 5-mg of fast-release melatonin. During a single-blind, placebo-controlled study, polysomnographic recordings were obtained from frontal, central, temporal, and occipital scalp derivations. REM sleep latency, as well as the relative power (RP) and EEG coherences of six EEG bands, were compared between the placebo and melatonin conditions. Results showed that melatonin intake in AD patients decreased REM sleep onset, and that this was associated with lower RP and coherence of the β and γ EEG bands. The possibility that the inhibitory GABAergic pathways related to REM sleep generation are well-preserved in mild-to-moderate AD is discussed. We conclude that the short REM sleep onset related to melatonin intake in AD patients is associated with a significant decrease in both RP and EEG coherence, mainly in the fast frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alejandro Cruz-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Sueño, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz,"Ciudad de México, CDMX, México
| | - Ignacio Ramírez-Salado
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Sueño, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz,"Ciudad de México, CDMX, México
| | - Marisela Hernández-González
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología de la Conducta Reproductiva, Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Miguel Angel Guevara
- Laboratorio de Correlación Electroencefalográfica y Conducta, Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Ana Paula Rivera-García
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Sueño, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz,"Ciudad de México, CDMX, México
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Pourhassan J, Sarginson J, Hitzl W, Richter K. Cognitive function in soccer athletes determined by sleep disruption and self-reported health, yet not by decision-reinvestment. Front Neurol 2023; 13:872761. [PMID: 36814538 PMCID: PMC9939841 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.872761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep disruption (SD) increases sympathetic activity and cortisol secretion, and delays cognitive functions such as reaction-time (RT). Sympathetic activity of disturbed sleepers, is similar to those of so-called decision-reinvesters. Decision-reinvestment refers to traits in individuals with greater tendency to ruminate and reinvest in their decisions, with significant decrease in both motor-control and cognitive performance. Decision-making quality is a crucial attribute to athletic performance which relies on RT. Consequently, SD affects pitch-performance negatively, particularly in decision-reinvesters. This observational pilot-study examined the relationship between SD and cognitive function, perceived health, as well as reinvestment strategies. The hypothesis was that athletes with lower SD perceive their health better, report lower stress levels, perform better in cognitive tasks, and show lower tendency for decision-reinvestment. Methods Twenty-one football player recorded their sleep with fit-trackers for 7 nights. Participants self-reported their mental and physical health, decision-reinvestment strategy, sleep behaviour, and perceived stress levels. Athletes then performed a set of cognitive tests to examine memory function (Backwards Corsi), selective attention (STROOP), and cognitive flexibility (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, WCST). Normality was tested with a Shapiro-Wilk test, and analysed with a Pearson's or Spearman's correlation test. Results Significant correlation appeared between extended sleep-interruptions and Backwards Corsi RT, r = 0.66, p = 0.010, as further in total sleep time and wellbeing r = 0.50, p = 0.029. A negative correlation exist in regard of pain scores and Backwards Corsi scores r = -0.57, p = 0.110. Physical health correlated with error-rates in the WCST, r = 0.69, p ≤ 0.001. Also, reinvestment negatively correlated with physical health, r = -0.80, p ≤ 0.001. Conclusion Wellbeing relies on total sleep-time. Athletes with extended sleep-interruptions are slower in recalling memory, and those with greater reported pain have lower memory scores. Participants who rate physical health greater, have more error-rates in the WCST; indicating that cognitive flexibility is enhanced in individuals with inferior perceived health. However, individuals with lower physical health scores also have greater tendency to ruminate and reinvest in decisions, suggesting interrelation between reinvestment and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Pourhassan
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom,University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Nuernberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany,*Correspondence: Jasmin Pourhassan ✉
| | - Jane Sarginson
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Hitzl
- Department Research and Innovation Management (RIM), Biostatistics and Publication of Clinical Trial Studies, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Research Program Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kneginja Richter
- University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Nuernberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany,Faculty for Social Work, Technical University for Applied Sciences, Nuremberg, Germany,Faculty for Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, North Macedonia,Kneginja Richter ✉
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Rattenborg NC, Ungurean G. The evolution and diversification of sleep. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:156-170. [PMID: 36411158 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary origins of sleep and its sub-states, rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep, found in mammals and birds, remain a mystery. Although the discovery of a single type of sleep in jellyfish suggests that sleep evolved much earlier than previously thought, it is unclear when and why sleep diversified into multiple types of sleep. Intriguingly, multiple types of sleep have recently been found in animals ranging from non-avian reptiles to arthropods to cephalopods. Although there are similarities between these states and those found in mammals and birds, notable differences also exist. The diversity in the way sleep is expressed confounds attempts to trace the evolution of sleep states, but also serves as a rich resource for exploring the functions of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels C Rattenborg
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence (in foundation), Seewiesen, Germany.
| | - Gianina Ungurean
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence (in foundation), Seewiesen, Germany
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Clarifying sleep characteristics and analyzing risk factors of sleep disorders to promote a predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine in patients with burn scars. EPMA J 2023; 14:131-142. [PMID: 36684850 PMCID: PMC9838372 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-022-00309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study assessed sleep quality in patients with burn scars and investigated risk factors of sleep disorders to guide clinical therapy. From the strategy of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM), we proposed that risk assessment based on clinical indicators could prompt primary prediction, targeted prevention, and personalized interventions to improve the management of sleep disorders present in patients with burn scars. Methods This retrospective study recruited patients with burn scars and healthy volunteers from the Shanghai Burn Treatment Center between 2017 and 2022. Relevant information and data, including demographic characteristics, scar evaluation, and sleep quality, were obtained through the hospital information system, classical scar scale, and self-report questionnaires. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and monitored using a cardiopulmonary-coupled electrocardiograph. Pain and pruritus were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). Scar appearance was assessed using the modified Vancouver scar scale (mVSS). Results The sample was comprised of 128 hypertrophic scar (HS) patients, with 61.7% males, a mean age of 41.1 ± 11.6 years, and burn area of 46.2 ± 27.9% total body surface area (TBSA). Patients with PSQI ≥ 7 accounted for 76.6%, and the global PSQI score was 9.4 ± 4.1. Objective sleep data showed that initial enter deep sleep time, light sleep time, awakening time, light sleep efficiency, and sleep apnea index were higher but deep sleep time, sleep efficiency, and deep sleep efficiency were lower in HS patients than that in healthy controls. Preliminary univariate analysis showed that age, hyperplasia time of scar, narrow airway, microstomia, VAS for pain and pruritus, and mVSS total (comprised of pigmentation, vascularity, height and pliability) were associated with the PSQI score (p < 0.1). Multivariable linear regression showed narrow airway, VAS for pain and pruritus, and mVSS specifically height, were the risk factors for PSQI score (p < 0.1). Conclusions This study model identified that narrow airway, pain, pruritus and scar appearance specifically height may provide excellent predictors for sleep disorders in HS patients. Our results provided a basis for the predictive diagnostics, targeted prevention, and individualized therapy of somnipathy predisposition and progression of HS patients in the setting of PPPM/3PM health care system, which contributed to a paradigm shift from reactive cure to advanced therapy.
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Nollet M, Franks NP, Wisden W. Understanding Sleep Regulation in Normal and Pathological Conditions, and Why It Matters. J Huntingtons Dis 2023; 12:105-119. [PMID: 37302038 PMCID: PMC10473105 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-230564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sleep occupies a peculiar place in our lives and in science, being both eminently familiar and profoundly enigmatic. Historically, philosophers, scientists and artists questioned the meaning and purpose of sleep. If Shakespeare's verses from MacBeth depicting "Sleep that soothes away all our worries" and "relieves the weary laborer and heals hurt minds" perfectly epitomize the alleviating benefits of sleep, it is only during the last two decades that the growing understanding of the sophisticated sleep regulatory mechanisms allows us to glimpse putative biological functions of sleep. Sleep control brings into play various brain-wide processes occurring at the molecular, cellular, circuit, and system levels, some of them overlapping with a number of disease-signaling pathways. Pathogenic processes, including mood disorders (e.g., major depression) and neurodegenerative illnesses such Huntington's or Alzheimer's diseases, can therefore affect sleep-modulating networks which disrupt the sleep-wake architecture, whereas sleep disturbances may also trigger various brain disorders. In this review, we describe the mechanisms underlying sleep regulation and the main hypotheses drawn about its functions. Comprehending sleep physiological orchestration and functions could ultimately help deliver better treatments for people living with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Nollet
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas P. Franks
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - William Wisden
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Functional roles of REM sleep. Neurosci Res 2022; 189:44-53. [PMID: 36572254 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is an enigmatic and intriguing sleep state. REM sleep differs from non-REM sleep by its characteristic brain activity and from wakefulness by a reduced anti-gravity muscle tone. In addition to these key traits, diverse physiological phenomena appear across the whole body during REM sleep. However, it remains unclear whether these phenomena are the causes or the consequences of REM sleep. Experimental approaches using humans and animal models have gradually revealed the functional roles of REM sleep. Extensive efforts have been made to interpret the characteristic brain activity in the context of memory functions. Numerous physical and psychological functions of REM sleep have also been proposed. Moreover, REM sleep has been implicated in aspects of brain development. Here, we review the variety of functional roles of REM sleep, mainly as revealed by animal models. In addition, we discuss controversies regarding the functional roles of REM sleep.
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Nishimaru H, Matsumoto J, Setogawa T, Nishijo H. Neuronal structures controlling locomotor behavior during active and inactive motor states. Neurosci Res 2022; 189:83-93. [PMID: 36549389 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Animal behaviors can be divided into two states according to their motor activity: the active motor state, which involves significant body movements, and the inactive motor state, which refers to when the animal is stationary. The timing and duration of these states are determined by the activity of the neuronal circuits involved in motor control. Among these motor circuits, those that generate locomotion are some of the most studied neuronal networks and are widely distributed from the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries, mainly in rodents using state-of-the-art experimental approaches, of the neuronal mechanisms underlying the initiation and termination of locomotion in the brainstem, basal ganglia, and prefrontal cortex. These findings is discussed with reference to studies on the neuronal mechanism of motor control during sleep and the modulation of cortical states in these structures. Accumulating evidence has unraveled the complex yet highly structured network that controls the transition between motor states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nishimaru
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Graduate school of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Graduate school of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Setogawa
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Graduate school of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Graduate school of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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