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PORNSUKAROM S, SUDJAIDEE P, RATIPUNYAPORNKUM N, TUNGJITPEANPONG T, CHETTANAWANIT A, AMORNTEPARAK C, SANANMUANG T. Analysis of occurrence and risk factors associated with pet rabbits' tumors in Central Thailand. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1341-1347. [PMID: 37926514 PMCID: PMC10788174 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabbit oncology is gaining more attention as more pet rabbits are surviving beyond their normal lifespans. Due to the limited epidemiological information on pet rabbits' tumors in Thailand, this study aimed to report the prevalence and the potential risk factors associated with tumors in pet rabbits in Thailand. From 2018 to 2022, 93 tissue biopsies from tumor-suspected lesions on pet rabbits were gathered from animal hospitals in Bangkok and Chonburi provinces, Thailand. According to histopathology confirmation, tumors and tumor-like lesions were diagnosed. In this study, the overall tumors were 67.74% (n=63) out of the submitted cases (n=93). The most commonly affected organ systems were reproduction (65.08%) and integumentary (22.22%). Rabbits older than 5 years were 3.85 times more likely to have reproductive tumors than younger rabbits (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45-10.27, P≤0.01), and the most frequently occurring tumor type was uterine adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, male rabbits had a 17.02 times higher probability of developing cutaneous tumors than female rabbits (95% CI: 4.19-69.11, P≤0.001), and the most frequently occurring tumor type was soft tissue sarcoma. The results of this study thus suggested that the age and sex of the rabbits were potential risk factors for tumor development in Thailand. The knowledge gained from our study also provided the recommendation for owners to monitor their rabbits' health annually, particularly after late middle age, and rendered guidance for tumor detection in practical clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchawan PORNSUKAROM
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of
Technology Tawan-Ok, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Pansawut SUDJAIDEE
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of
Technology Tawan-Ok, Chonburi, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | - Thanida SANANMUANG
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of
Technology Tawan-Ok, Chonburi, Thailand
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2
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Abbate JM, Palazzolo S, Ieni A, Rapisarda GS, Lanteri G. Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma with Testicular Metastases in a Wild Rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus). Vet Sci 2023; 10:471. [PMID: 37505875 PMCID: PMC10384966 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanocytic skin tumours have been rarely described in pet rabbits, and exposure to UV light in sparsely haired areas has been hypothesised to play a cancerogenic role. Here, we describe a case of cutaneous malignant melanoma arising from the skin of the scrotum in an 8-year-old male wild rabbit, with testicular metastases as an unusual metastatic site for melanoma reported in humans to date. The tumour was nearly 5 cm in size, firm, and highly pigmented, with multifocal superficial ulcerations and large areas of intratumoural necrosis. The adjacent testis was 1.5 cm, multinodular, and black, obscuring tissue morphology. Histologically, the dermis was expanded by an infiltrative, densely cellular neoplasm composed of nests and sheets of polygonal to spindle neoplastic melanocytes, supported by scant fibrovascular stroma. Neoplastic cells showed intermediate N/C ratio, moderate basophilic cytoplasm, often obscured by abundant brownish granular pigment, and eccentric nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Cellular pleomorphism and nuclear atypia were severe, and high mitotic activity was observed. Diffuse dermal lymphovascular invasion was also observed. The testis was delimited by a thin tunica albuginea, and the parenchyma was largely obscured in its morphology by densely packed neoplastic cells. Seminiferous tubules, lined with a thin basement membrane and containing neoplastic and scattered spermatogenic cells, were occasionally observed. Neoplastic cells within the skin and the testis were positive for HMB-45, Melan-A, and S-100. The growing popularity of rabbits as pets allows for a greater ability to accumulate data on the spontaneous occurrence of tumours in these animals. Furthermore, descriptions of the biological aspects of spontaneously occurring tumours may serve to improve current knowledge in animal species and humans in which the same neoplasm may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maria Abbate
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Simone Palazzolo
- University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, Piazza della Vittoria, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Evolutive Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Santi Rapisarda
- Department of Veterinary Prevention, Provincial Health Authority of Catania, 95030 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lanteri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Papardo, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Paoletti C, Rosas-Navarro J, Nicolier A, Cusaro S, Guillon L, Ferreira X, Quinton JF. Spontaneous splenic hemangiosarcoma in pet guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus): 5 cases (2007-2021). J Exot Pet Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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4
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McCready JE, Poirier VJ, Fleck A, Darco J, Beaufrère HH. Adaptive Radiation Therapy Using Weekly Hypofractionation for Thymoma Treatment: a Retrospective Study of 10 Rabbits. Vet Comp Oncol 2022; 20:559-567. [PMID: 35212142 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is being utilized more commonly for rabbit thymomas due to high perioperative mortality rates with surgery. Median overall survival times reported for rabbit thymomas treated with a variety of RT protocols and techniques range from 6 months to greater than 2 years. As thymomas are radiation-responsive tumors and may shrink rapidly after RT, adaptive radiotherapy (ART) is often warranted. The purpose of this single-institution retrospective case series was to investigate the tumor volume reduction during RT, the frequency of replanning during RT, and survival time in rabbit thymomas treated using intensity-modulated/image-guided radiation radiation therapy (IMRT/IGRT) and a weekly hypofractionated protocol delivering a total dose of 30 Gy. Ten rabbits met the inclusion criteria from October 2014-October 2019. The median progression-free survival was 561days and the median overall survival was 634 days (range: 322-1118 days). The tumor volume gradually decreased with each RT fraction. On post-hoc analysis, only the first RT fraction was associated with a significant GTV reduction (of more than 50% on average, p<0.001). All subsequent RT fractions did not further reduce the GTV significantly (p>0.06). Hypofractionated RT using a weekly protocol of 5 fractions of 6 Gy is a reasonable option to treat rabbit thymomas and replanning should be anticipated. The results of this study support the use of RT to rapidly relieve thymoma-induced dyspnea in rabbits. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne E McCready
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie J Poirier
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andre Fleck
- Department of Medical Physics, Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
| | - Johnson Darco
- Department of Medical Physics, Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hughes H Beaufrère
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
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Cooper TK, Meyerholz DK, Beck AP, Delaney MA, Piersigilli A, Southard TL, Brayton CF. Research-Relevant Conditions and Pathology of Laboratory Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Guinea Pigs, Hamsters, Naked Mole Rats, and Rabbits. ILAR J 2022; 62:77-132. [PMID: 34979559 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals are valuable resources in biomedical research in investigations of biological processes, disease pathogenesis, therapeutic interventions, safety, toxicity, and carcinogenicity. Interpretation of data from animals requires knowledge not only of the processes or diseases (pathophysiology) under study but also recognition of spontaneous conditions and background lesions (pathology) that can influence or confound the study results. Species, strain/stock, sex, age, anatomy, physiology, spontaneous diseases (noninfectious and infectious), and neoplasia impact experimental results and interpretation as well as animal welfare. This review and the references selected aim to provide a pathology resource for researchers, pathologists, and veterinary personnel who strive to achieve research rigor and validity and must understand the spectrum of "normal" and expected conditions to accurately identify research-relevant experimental phenotypes as well as unusual illness, pathology, or other conditions that can compromise studies involving laboratory mice, rats, gerbils, guinea pigs, hamsters, naked mole rats, and rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Amanda P Beck
- Department of Pathology, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Martha A Delaney
- Zoological Pathology Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Alessandra Piersigilli
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology and the Genetically Modified Animal Phenotyping Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Teresa L Southard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Cory F Brayton
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Mäkitaipale J, Airas N, Engblom S, Lindén J. Prospective survey of neoplastic and non-neoplastic uterine disorders in 116 domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Exot Pet Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bradley AE, Wancket LM, Rinke M, Gruebbel MM, Saladino BH, Schafer K, Katsuta O, Garcia B, Chanut F, Hughes K, Nelson K, Himmel L, McInnes E, Schucker A, Uchida K. International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND): Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Rabbit. J Toxicol Pathol 2021; 34:183S-292S. [PMID: 34712007 PMCID: PMC8544166 DOI: 10.1293/tox.34.183s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for
Lesions Project (www.toxpath.org/inhand.asp) is a joint initiative of the Societies of
Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP) and North
America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and
non-proliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to
provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopic lesions observed in most
tissues and organs from the laboratory rabbit used in nonclinical safety studies. Some of
the lesions are illustrated by color photomicrographs. The standardized nomenclature
presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet
(http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from
government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes
spontaneous lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. Relevant
infectious and parasitic lesions are included as well. A widely accepted and utilized
international harmonization of nomenclature for lesions in laboratory animals will provide
a common language among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different
countries and increase and enrich international exchanges of information among
toxicologists and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alys E Bradley
- Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd, Tranent, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Begonya Garcia
- Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd, Tranent, Scotland, UK
| | - Franck Chanut
- Sanofi, 1 Avenue Pierre Brosselette, 91380 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | | | | | - Lauren Himmel
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Adrienne Schucker
- American Preclinical Services, LLC, 8945 Evergreen Blvd, Minneapolis, MN 55433
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Flenghi L, Bernhard C, Levrier C, Bulliot C. Rectal prolapse in two rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculi) with rectal neoplasia. J Exot Pet Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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McLaughlin A, Tripp C, Bertram CA, Kiupel M, Thaiwong T, Reavill D. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): 39 cases (1998-2019). J Exot Pet Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Sutherland M, Baron H, Llinas J. Recommended Health Care and Disease-Prevention Programs for Herds/Flocks of Exotic Animals. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2021; 24:697-737. [PMID: 34366015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Preventative health care is an essential part of the ownership and veterinary management of exotic animals. This article provides an overview of the current recommendations for health care and disease-prevention programs for herds or flocks of exotic animals, specifically companion and aviary birds, backyard poultry; snakes, lizards, chelonians, and amphibians; rabbits, ferrets, and common exotic small mammals. Husbandry practices, disease screening suggestions and techniques, and vaccination strategies, where appropriate, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamish Baron
- The Unusual Pet Vets, 210 Karingal Drive, Frankston, VIC 3199, Australia
| | - Joshua Llinas
- The Unusual Pet Vets, 62 Looranah Street, Jindalee, QLD 4074, Australia
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Palmer A, Wu CC, Miwa Y, Turek M, Sladky KK. Outcomes and survival times of client-owned rabbits diagnosed with thymoma and treated with either prednisolone or radiotherapy, or left untreated. J Exot Pet Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Sabater M, Mancinelli E, Denk D. Renal embryonal nephroma exhibiting malignant features in a Dutch rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Exot Pet Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Specialized veterinary care needed for geriatric rabbits, guinea pigs, and chinchillas is described along with medical conditions common in this age group. Clinical signs of pain, safe analgesics, therapeutics, and alternative modalities are outlined along with guidelines for end-of-life care and decision-making. A handout containing advice for small mammal herbivore clients with geriatric pets is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Bradley Bays
- Belton Animal Clinic and Exotic Care Center, 1308 North Scott Avenue, Belton, MO 64012, USA.
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14
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Abstract
The review covers select disease conditions most frequently described in aging rodents (rats, mice, hamsters, guinea pigs), rabbits, and ferrets. The conditions are categorized by general organ systems, infectious diseases, and neoplasms. Two data systems, the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital and Comparative Pathology Laboratory at the University of California, Davis and Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Citrus Heights, California were used in the determining disease conditions to describe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drury R Reavill
- ZNLabs Veterinary Diagnostics, 7647 Wachtel Way, Citrus Heights, CA 95610, USA.
| | - Denise M Imai
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, University of California, 1000 Old Davis Road, Building R1, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Bulliot C, Flenghi L, Levrier C. Lingual Sarcoma and its Treatment with Partial Glossectomy in a Pet Rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus). J Exot Pet Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Eördögh R, Szikszai P, Fuchs-Baumgartinger A, Künzel F. Bilateral Uveal Metastasis Due to a Mammary Carcinoma in a Rabbit: A Case Report. J Exot Pet Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Reimnitz L, Sanchez-Migallon Guzman D, LaDouceur E, Stevens S, Summa N, Gardhouse S, Kol A, Brust K, Hawkins MG. Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in the Pelvic Limb of a Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Exot Pet Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cikanek SJ, Eshar D, Nau M, Hocker S, Andrews G, Biller DS. DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF A TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA IN THE BLADDER APEX OF A PET RABBIT ( ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS ). J Exot Pet Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Dolera M, Malfassi L, Carrara N, Finesso S, Marcarini S, Mazza G, Pavesi S, Sala M, Urso G. Volumetric Modulated Arc (Radio) Therapy in Pets Treatment: The "La Cittadina Fondazione" Experience. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E30. [PMID: 29364837 PMCID: PMC5836062 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) is a modern technique, widely used in human radiotherapy, which allows a high dose to be delivered to tumor volumes and low doses to the surrounding organs at risk (OAR). Veterinary clinics takes advantage of this feature due to the small target volumes and distances between the target and the OAR. Sparing the OAR permits dose escalation, and hypofractionation regimens reduce the number of treatment sessions with a simpler manageability in the veterinary field. Multimodal volumes definition is mandatory for the small volumes involved and a positioning device precisely reproducible with a setup confirmation is needed before each session for avoiding missing the target. Additionally, the elaborate treatment plan must pursue hard constraints and objectives, and its feasibility must be evaluated with a per patient quality control. The aim of this work is to report results with regard to brain meningiomas and gliomas, trigeminal nerve tumors, brachial plexus tumors, adrenal tumors with vascular invasion and rabbit thymomas, in comparison with literature to determine if VMAT is a safe and viable alternative to surgery or chemotherapy alone, or as an adjuvant therapy in pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dolera
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Luca Malfassi
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Nancy Carrara
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Sara Finesso
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Silvia Marcarini
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Mazza
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Simone Pavesi
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Massimo Sala
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Urso
- Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale della provincia di Lodi, 26841 Casalpusterlengo, Italy.
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Abstract
Neoplasia has long been reported as a rare finding in rabbits, but over the past decades the number of reports on neoplastic disease in rabbits has risen considerably. Similar to other animals, neoplastic changes may occur in any organ system, but the rate in which the organ systems are affected differs considerably. In rabbits, tumors have predominantly been found in the urogenital, hemolymphatic, and integumentary systems. This article discusses current insights on the etiopathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of the commonest neoplastic diseases in rabbits and offer guidelines for the correct diagnosis and treatment of the rabbit oncologic patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne van Zeeland
- Division of Zoological Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands.
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Maratea KA, Ramos-Vara JA, Corriveau LA, Miller MA. Testicular Interstitial Cell Tumor and Gynecomastia in a Rabbit. Vet Pathol 2016; 44:513-7. [PMID: 17606513 DOI: 10.1354/vp.44-4-513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Unilateral testicular interstitial (Leydig) cell tumor and gynecomastia were diagnosed in an adult male rabbit. The interstitial cell tumor was a well-circumscribed, 2-mm diameter, pale tan nodule composed of a uniform population of polygonal cells. Neoplastic interstitial cells exhibited diffuse, granular cytoplasmic staining with Melan A, a marker of steroid-producing cells in humans and dogs. Multiple subcutaneous masses in the caudal abdomen were associated with enlarged nipples and consisted of hyperplastic mammary gland tissue with proliferation of ducts and alveoli, marked lobule formation, and pseudolactational hyperplasia. Many epithelial cells lining the hyperplastic ducts and alveoli exhibited intense nuclear expression of progesterone receptor antigen, whereas myoepithelial cells showed strong nuclear staining for p63 antigen. This is the first report of concurrent interstitial cell tumor and gynecomastia in a rabbit and also the first description of gynecomastia in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Maratea
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Thompson JJ, Burgmann PM, Brash M, DeLay J, Regan K. Spontaneous Splenic Hemangiosarcoma in a Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus). J Exot Pet Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Dolera M, Malfassi L, Mazza G, Urso G, Sala M, Marcarini S, Carrara N, Pavesi S, Finesso S, Kent MS. FEASIBILITY FOR USING HYPOFRACTIONATED STEREOTACTIC VOLUMETRIC MODULATED ARC RADIOTHERAPY (VMAT) WITH ADAPTIVE PLANNING FOR TREATMENT OF THYMOMA IN RABBITS: 15 CASES. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 57:313-20. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dolera
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie Strada per la Cittadina; 26014 Romanengo (CR) Italy
| | - Luca Malfassi
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie Strada per la Cittadina; 26014 Romanengo (CR) Italy
| | - Giovanni Mazza
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie Strada per la Cittadina; 26014 Romanengo (CR) Italy
| | - Gaetano Urso
- Azienda Ospedaliera della Provincia di Lodi; Lodi (LO) Italy
| | - Massimo Sala
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie Strada per la Cittadina; 26014 Romanengo (CR) Italy
| | - Silvia Marcarini
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie Strada per la Cittadina; 26014 Romanengo (CR) Italy
| | - Nancy Carrara
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie Strada per la Cittadina; 26014 Romanengo (CR) Italy
| | - Simone Pavesi
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie Strada per la Cittadina; 26014 Romanengo (CR) Italy
| | - Sara Finesso
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie Strada per la Cittadina; 26014 Romanengo (CR) Italy
| | - Michael S. Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; CA 95616
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Higgins S, Sanchez-Migallon Guzman D, Sadar MJ, Burton A, LaDouceur E, Bucy D, Rodriguez CO, Harvey C, Hunt G. Coxofemoral Amputation in a Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) With Tibiofibular Osteoblastic Osteosarcoma. J Exot Pet Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Künzel F, Grinninger P, Shibly S, Hassan J, Tichy A, Berghold P, Fuchs-Baumgartinger A. Uterine disorders in 50 pet rabbits. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2014; 51:8-14. [PMID: 25415217 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the incidence of uterine disorders in pet rabbits is high there are only a few retrospective studies and case reports on genital tract disease in female rabbits. Uterine disorders were assessed in 50 pet rabbits. In 31 pet rabbits with suspected clinical uterine disease, medical records were further reviewed regarding clinical signs, diagnostic workup, treatment as well as the outcome itself. Uterine adenocarcinoma (54%) was most frequently diagnosed, followed by endometrial hyperplasia (26%). Serosanguineous vaginal discharge was the predominant clinical sign observed by the rabbit owners. In approximately 50% of the rabbits with suspected uterine disorders, abdominal palpation revealed enlarged and/or irregular masses in the caudoventral abdomen indicating uterine lesions. Out of 23 rabbits undergoing ovariohysterectomy, four were either euthanized or died shortly after surgery because they were clinically unstable. Overall, 80% of the ovariohysterectomized animals were still alive 6 mo after surgery. In female pet rabbits that are not breeding, either ovariohysterectomy should be performed at an early age or routine checks including ultrasonography of the abdomen are recommended on a regular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Künzel
- From the Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (F.K., S.S.), Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging (J.H.), Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology (P.B.), Institute of Pathology and Forensic Medicine (A.F-B.), and Institute of Medical Physics and Biostatistics, Department of Natural Science (A.T.), University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Veterinary Practice Eggenberg, Graz, Austria (P.G.)
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27
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Sabater M, Mancinelli E, Stidworthy MF. Biliary cystadenoma in a male domestic Dutch rabbit (
Oryctolagus cuniculus
). VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2013-000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Sabater
- Department of ExoticsGreat Western ExoticsSwindonWiltshireUK
| | - Elisabetta Mancinelli
- Department of ExoticsRoyal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghMidlothianUK
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28
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29
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30
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Banco B, Stefanello D, Giudice C, D’Acierno M, Giancamillo MD, Grieco V. Metastasizing testicular seminoma in a pet rabbit. J Vet Diagn Invest 2012; 24:608-11. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638712441184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a case of a spontaneously metastasizing seminoma in 9-year-old pet lionhead rabbit is described. The rabbit was presented with unilateral testicular enlargement and a palpable abdominal mass. Spiral computed tomography revealed the presence of an abdominal-pelvic mass in the region of the sublumbar lymph nodes. Testes and lymph nodes were collected, fixed in formalin, and submitted for histopathological examination. Microscopically, the normal architecture of the enlarged testis and lymph node was completely replaced by a diffuse malignant seminoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Banco
- Department of Pathology, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Avian Pathology, Milano, Italy (Banco, Giudice, Grieco)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy (Stefanello, Di Giancamillo)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy and Clinica Veterinaria Turro, Milano, Italy (D’Acierno)
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Department of Pathology, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Avian Pathology, Milano, Italy (Banco, Giudice, Grieco)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy (Stefanello, Di Giancamillo)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy and Clinica Veterinaria Turro, Milano, Italy (D’Acierno)
| | - Chiara Giudice
- Department of Pathology, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Avian Pathology, Milano, Italy (Banco, Giudice, Grieco)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy (Stefanello, Di Giancamillo)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy and Clinica Veterinaria Turro, Milano, Italy (D’Acierno)
| | - Massimo D’Acierno
- Department of Pathology, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Avian Pathology, Milano, Italy (Banco, Giudice, Grieco)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy (Stefanello, Di Giancamillo)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy and Clinica Veterinaria Turro, Milano, Italy (D’Acierno)
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Department of Pathology, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Avian Pathology, Milano, Italy (Banco, Giudice, Grieco)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy (Stefanello, Di Giancamillo)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy and Clinica Veterinaria Turro, Milano, Italy (D’Acierno)
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Department of Pathology, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Avian Pathology, Milano, Italy (Banco, Giudice, Grieco)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Milano, Italy (Stefanello, Di Giancamillo)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy and Clinica Veterinaria Turro, Milano, Italy (D’Acierno)
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31
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Andres KM, Kent M, Siedlecki CT, Mayer J, Brandão J, Hawkins MG, Morrisey JK, Quesenberry K, Valli VE, Bennett RA. The use of megavoltage radiation therapy in the treatment of thymomas in rabbits: 19 cases. Vet Comp Oncol 2012; 10:82-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Carter RT, Nevarez J, Gieger TL, Gaschen L. Diagnostic Challenge. J Exot Pet Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Alexandre N, Branco S, Soares TF, Soares J. Bilateral Testicular Seminoma in a Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Exot Pet Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Petterino C, Modesto P, Strata D, Vascellari M, Mutinelli F, Ferrari A, Ratto A. A Case of Interscapular Fibrosarcoma in a Dwarf Rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus). J Vet Diagn Invest 2009; 21:900-5. [DOI: 10.1177/104063870902100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A 1-year-old, intact, male dwarf rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus) was vaccinated against myxomatosis and rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease in February 1999, and a localized reaction appeared in the same anatomic site within a few days. No regression was observed after subcutaneous antibiotic treatment. The rabbit was kept under observation, and the swelling apparently disappeared in 3 months. The owner then decided to avoid any further subcutaneous drug administration. The referring veterinarian examined the animal on July 2006 for the sudden appearance of a nodular, 4.5 cm × 3.5 cm × 2.0 cm, subcutaneous mass located over the interscapular space. Fine-needle aspiration was performed, and a population of neoplastic spindle cells, rare pleomorphic multinucleated cells, and rare leukocytes were observed. The mass was surgically removed, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, and routinely processed for histologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical diagnostic investigation. The neoplastic tissue exhibited fascicles composed of malignant spindle-shaped cells with elongated to oval hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm. Occasional multinucleated cells were also observed. The neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for vimentin but did not stain for smooth muscle actin, desmin, myoglobin, and cytokeratins (AE1/AE3). Moreover, the histochemical stain for aluminum was positive. The diagnosis was fibrosarcoma based on morphologic and immunohistochemical results. The histologic features of this neoplasm were remarkably similar to feline injection-site sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Petterino
- Department of Public Health, Comparative Pathology and Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Padua, AGRIPOLIS, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Modesto
- The National Reference Centre of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, CEROVEC-Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Marta Vascellari
- The Histopathology Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Franco Mutinelli
- The Histopathology Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Ferrari
- The National Reference Centre of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, CEROVEC-Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ratto
- The National Reference Centre of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, CEROVEC-Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Genoa, Italy
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MUTINELLI F, CARMINATO A, BOZZATO E, MARCHIORO W, TREVISAN L, VASCELLARI M. Retroperitoneal Teratoma in a Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:367-70. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Franco MUTINELLI
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Histopathology Department, Viale dell'Universita'
| | - Antonio CARMINATO
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Histopathology Department, Viale dell'Universita'
| | - Elisa BOZZATO
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Histopathology Department, Viale dell'Universita'
| | - Wendy MARCHIORO
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Histopathology Department, Viale dell'Universita'
| | - Laura TREVISAN
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Histopathology Department, Viale dell'Universita'
| | - Marta VASCELLARI
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Histopathology Department, Viale dell'Universita'
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36
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Pilny AA, Reavill D. Chylothorax and Thymic Lymphoma in a Pet Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Exot Pet Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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von Bomhard W, Goldschmidt MH, Shofer FS, Perl L, Rosenthal KL, Mauldin EA. Cutaneous neoplasms in pet rabbits: a retrospective study. Vet Pathol 2007; 44:579-88. [PMID: 17846230 DOI: 10.1354/vp.44-5-579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Over a 16-year period, 190 tumors and tumorlike lesions from 179 pet rabbits were submitted for histopathologic examination. A total of 23 different tumor types and 1 tumorlike lesion were diagnosed. The most common diagnoses were trichoblastoma, collagenous hamartoma, and Shope fibroma. Viral-induced tumors were Shope fibroma (19) and Shope papilloma (2). Common nonviral epithelial tumors included trichoblastoma (59), squamous cell carcinoma (5), squamous papilloma (4), trichoepithelioma (3), and apocrine carcinoma (3). Common mesenchymal tumors were lipoma (10), liposarcoma (3), myxosarcoma (9), malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (8), fibrosarcoma (7), and leiomyosarcoma (4). Malignant melanoma was diagnosed in 8 rabbits. Collagenous hamartomas were diagnosed in 26 rabbits. Mesenchymal proliferations occurred significantly more often in male rabbits than in females. Collagenous hamartomas and myxosarcomas occurred exclusively in male animals, and 3 rabbits had multiple collagenous hamartomas. Immunohistochemistry was applied in cases in which a definite diagnosis could not be reached on hematoxylin and eosin slides. Follow-up information was received in 19 cases. Carcinomas recurred (2 of 3) or metastasized (1 of 3), whereas sarcomas frequently recurred (7 of 12). One malignant melanoma (1 of 3) and one poorly differentiated round cell neoplasm recurred (1 of 1). This is the first comprehensive retrospective analysis on skin neoplasia in pet rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- W von Bomhard
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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38
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Garner MM. Cytologic diagnosis of diseases of rabbits, guinea pigs, and rodents. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2007; 10:25-49, v-vi. [PMID: 17198958 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2006.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the diseases most amenable to cytologic diagnosis in clinical small mammal practice. Diseases of pet rabbits, guinea pigs, rodents, chinchillas, sugar gliders, and hedgehogs are addressed. The small size of these patients, risk of anesthesia and invasive surgery, and cost factors make small mammals ideal patients for cytologic evaluation when applicable; however, surprisingly few reports exist in the literature, and no other reviews of cytology in these species exist. Much of the data in this article is derived from case submissions to Northwest ZooPath, and disease presentations that seem to be common in this group of animals are emphasized. Diseases of the skin are particularly well represented, especially tumors and inflammatory processes.
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Reusch
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Bristol, Division of Companion Animals, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Langford, UK.
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