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De Donato DP, Effner R, Nordengrün M, Lechner A, Darisipudi MN, Volz T, Hagl B, Bröker BM, Renner ED. Staphylococcus aureus Serine protease-like protein A (SplA) induces IL-8 by keratinocytes and synergizes with IL-17A. Cytokine 2024; 180:156634. [PMID: 38810500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serine protease-like (Spl) proteins produced by Staphylococcus (S.) aureus have been associated with allergic inflammation. However, effects of Spls on the epidermal immune response have not been investigated. OBJECTIVES To assess the epidermal immune response to SplA, SplD and SplE dependent on differentiation of keratinocytes and a Th2 or Th17 cytokine milieu. METHODS Human keratinocytes of healthy controls and a STAT3-hyper-IgE syndrome (STAT3-HIES) patient were cultured in different calcium concentrations in the presence of Spls and Th2 or Th17 cytokines. Keratinocyte-specific IL-8 production and concomitant migration of neutrophils were assessed. RESULTS SplE and more significantly SplA, induced IL-8 in keratinocytes. Suprabasal-like keratinocytes showed a higher Spl-mediated IL-8 production and neutrophil migration compared to basal-like keratinocytes. Th17 cytokines amplified Spl-mediated IL-8 production, which correlated with neutrophil recruitment. Neutrophil recruitment by keratinocytes of the STAT3-HIES patient was similar to healthy control cells. CONCLUSION S. aureus-specific Spl proteases synergized with IL-17A on human keratinocytes with respect to IL-8 release and neutrophil migration, highlighting the importance of keratinocytes and Th17 immunity in barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P De Donato
- Translational Immunology in Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - R Effner
- Translational Immunology in Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Translational Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Germany
| | - M Nordengrün
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Lechner
- Translational Immunology in Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Translational Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Germany
| | - M N Darisipudi
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Volz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - B Hagl
- Translational Immunology in Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Translational Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Germany
| | - B M Bröker
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - E D Renner
- Translational Immunology in Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Translational Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Zou C, Zhang W, Li M, He D, Han Y, Liu M, Lu M. Association between CCL5, CCL11, and CCL17 polymorphisms and atopic dermatitis risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36897. [PMID: 38394497 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common and recurrent inflammatory disease with strong genetic susceptibility. The abnormal production of chemokines plays an important role in the occurrence and development of AD. METHODS A comprehensive online literature search was performed in databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP China Science and Technology Journal Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library to retrieve relevant articles published from January 2000 to October 2022. The odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was employed to calculate this relationship. RESULTS A total of 7 studies were finally screened out, including 1316 AD patients and 1099 controls. There were 3 studies for CC chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) polymorphisms, 2 for CCL11 polymorphisms, and 2 for CCL17 polymorphisms, respectively. The meta-analysis revealed a significant association between the CCL5 - 403G/A polymorphism and AD under the allelic model (A vs G: OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.02-1.52, P = .03), heterozygous model (AG vs GG: OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.08-1.80, P = .01) and dominant model (AA + AG vs GG: OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.08-1.76, P = .01) in a fixed-effect model. The allelic model (G vs C: OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.07-1.98, P < .01) and dominant model (GG + GC vs CC: OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.23-2.47, P < .001) of the CCL5 - 28C/G polymorphism were also associated with an increased risk of AD. However, this significant association was not found in other alleles and genotypes (P > .05). CONCLUSION Our results show that the A allele, AG and AA + AG genotypes of the CCL5 - 403G/A polymorphism, the G allele and GG + GC genotype of the CCL5 - 28C/G polymorphism are risk factors for AD. Future studies with large population are still needed to further explore those correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Zou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mao Li
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan He
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yujie Han
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mao Lu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Maji L, Sengupta S, Purawarga Matada GS, Teli G, Biswas G, Das PK, Panduranga Mudgal M. Medicinal chemistry perspective of JAK inhibitors: synthesis, biological profile, selectivity, and structure activity relationship. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-023-10794-5. [PMID: 38236444 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
JAK-STAT signalling pathway was discovered more than quarter century ago. The JAK-STAT pathway protein is considered as one of the crucial hubs for cytokine secretion which mediates activation of different inflammatory, cellular responses and hence involved in different etiological factors. The various etiological factors involved are haematopoiesis, immune fitness, tissue repair, inflammation, apoptosis, and adipogenesis. The presence of the active mutation V617K plays a significant role in the progression of the JAK-STAT pathway-related disease. Consequently, targeting the JAK-STAT pathway could be a promising therapeutic approach for addressing a range of causative factors. In this current review, we provided a comprehensive discussion for the in-detail study of anatomy and physiology of the JAK-STAT pathway which contributes structural domain rearrangement, activation, and negative regulation associated with the downstream signaling pathway, relationship between different cytokines and diseases. This review also discussed the recent development of clinical trial entities. Additionally, this review also provides updates on FDA-approved drugs. In the current investigation, we have classified recently developed small molecule inhibitors of JAK-STAT pathway according to different chemical classes and we emphasized their synthetic routes, biological evaluation, selectivity, and structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalmohan Maji
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sindhuja Sengupta
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Ghanshyam Teli
- School of Pharmacy, Sangam University, Atoon, Bhilwara, 311001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gourab Biswas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pronoy Kanti Das
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Exploration of Predictive Biomarkers for Postoperative Recurrence in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps Based on Serum Multiple-Cytokine Profiling. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:1061658. [PMID: 36211987 PMCID: PMC9534722 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1061658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functional nasal endoscopic surgery (FESS) is an effective treatment approach for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients, but some patients still suffer from postoperative recurrence. This study is aimed at investigating the expression of multiple cytokines in CRSwNP and revealing their relationships with postoperative recurrence. Methods A total of 72 patients with CRSwNP, including 36 primary and 36 recurrent patients, were enrolled. Serum samples were obtained, 30 cytokine levels were measured by multiplex analysis, and the association between cytokine levels and recurrence was assessed. The most potential cytokines were further validated in another independent cohort with 60 primary and 60 recurrent CRSwNP patients. Results The results of multiple cytokine profiling exhibited that the levels of eotaxin, G-CSF, IFN-α, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-5, MCP-1, and RANTES were vastly changed in the recurrent group in comparison with the primary group. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves highlighted that serum levels of eotaxin, IL-17A, and RANTES were strongly predictive of postoperative recurrence (area under the curve (AUC) > 0.7, P < 0.05). Further validation results showed that elevated serum eotaxin, IL-17A, and RANTES levels were enhanced in the recurrent group. The ROC curve showed that serum eotaxin (AUC = 0.729, P < 0.001) and RANTES (AUC = 0.776, P < 0.001) exhibited stronger ability than serum IL-17A (AUC = 0.617, P = 0.027) in predicting CRSwNP recurrence. Conclusion Our data suggested that serum multiple cytokine profiling was associated with postoperative recurrence of CRSwNP, and eotaxin and RANTES might serve as potential biomarkers for predicting postoperative recurrence. These results might contribute to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of recurrence and provide novel clues for precision therapy in CRSwNP.
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Ko KI, Merlet JJ, DerGarabedian BP, Zhen H, Suzuki-Horiuchi Y, Hedberg ML, Hu E, Nguyen AT, Prouty S, Alawi F, Walsh MC, Choi Y, Millar SE, Cliff A, Romero J, Garvin MR, Seykora JT, Jacobson D, Graves DT. NF-κB perturbation reveals unique immunomodulatory functions in Prx1 + fibroblasts that promote development of atopic dermatitis. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj0324. [PMID: 35108061 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skin is composed of diverse cell populations that cooperatively maintain homeostasis. Up-regulation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway may lead to the development of chronic inflammatory disorders of the skin, but its role during the early events remains unclear. Through analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data via iterative random forest leave one out prediction, an explainable artificial intelligence method, we identified an immunoregulatory role for a unique paired related homeobox-1 (Prx1)+ fibroblast subpopulation. Disruption of Ikkb-NF-κB under homeostatic conditions in these fibroblasts paradoxically induced skin inflammation due to the overexpression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11; or eotaxin-1) characterized by eosinophil infiltration and a subsequent TH2 immune response. Because the inflammatory phenotype resembled that seen in human atopic dermatitis (AD), we examined human AD skin samples and found that human AD fibroblasts also overexpressed CCL11 and that perturbation of Ikkb-NF-κB in primary human dermal fibroblasts up-regulated CCL11. Monoclonal antibody treatment against CCL11 was effective in reducing the eosinophilia and TH2 inflammation in a mouse model. Together, the murine model and human AD specimens point to dysregulated Prx1+ fibroblasts as a previously unrecognized etiologic factor that may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD and suggest that targeting CCL11 may be a way to treat AD-like skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang I Ko
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jean J Merlet
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Brett P DerGarabedian
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Huang Zhen
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yoko Suzuki-Horiuchi
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew L Hedberg
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eileen Hu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anh T Nguyen
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen Prouty
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Faizan Alawi
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew C Walsh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ashley Cliff
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jonathon Romero
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Michael R Garvin
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - John T Seykora
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Jacobson
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Lim SJ. CCL24 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1302:91-98. [PMID: 34286443 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-62658-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines with their network play an important role in cancer growth, metastasis, and host-tumor interactions. Of many chemokines, C-C motif chemokine ligand 24 (CCL24) has been shown to contribute to tumorigenesis as well as inflammatory diseases like asthma, allergies, and eosinophilic esophagitis. CCL24 is expressed in some tumor cells such as colon cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cutaneous T cell lymphoma. CCL24 can be used as a potential biomarker in several cancers including colon cancer, non-small cell cancer, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma as the plasma level of CCL24 is increased. The various functions of CCL24 contribute to the biology of cancer by M2 macrophage polarization, angiogenesis, invasion and migration, and recruitment of eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jig Lim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea.
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7
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Jurakic Toncic R, Jakasa I, Sun Y, Hurault G, Ljubojevic Hadzavdic S, Tanaka RJ, Pavicic B, Balic A, Zuzul K, Petkovic M, Kezic S, Marinovic B. Stratum corneum markers of innate and T helper cell-related immunity and their relation to the disease severity in Croatian patients with atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1186-1196. [PMID: 33480075 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) presents with the wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes within and between various populations. Recent study showed low frequency of filaggrin loss-of-function (FLG LOF) mutations in Croatian AD patients. At present, there are no data on biomarkers of immune response in Croatian AD patients that might be useful in the selection and monitoring of novel immune therapies. OBJECTIVES To investigate levels of cytokines of various signature in the stratum corneum (SC) collected from lesional and non-lesional skin of AD patients and healthy controls and to evaluate their relationship with the severity of disease and skin barrier function. METHODS SC samples were collected from 100 adult patients with moderate-to-severe AD and 50 healthy controls. The levels of 21 cytokines were measured by multiplex immunoassay. We conducted machine learning analysis to assess whether a small number of cytokine measurements can discriminate between healthy controls and AD patients and can predict AD severity (SCORAD). RESULTS The SC levels of thirteen cytokines representing innate immunity, Th-1, Th-2 and Th-17/22 immune response showed significant differences between healthy and AD skin. Our analysis demonstrated that as few as three cytokines measured in lesional skin can discriminate healthy controls and AD with an accuracy of 99% and that the predictive models for SCORAD did not achieve a high accuracy. Cytokine levels were highly correlated with the levels of filaggrin degradation products and skin barrier function. CONCLUSIONS Stratum corneum analysis revealed aberrant levels of cytokines representing innate immunity, Th-1-, Th-2- and Th-17/22-mediated immune response in Croatian AD patients. Increased Th-2 cytokines and their strong association with natural moisturizing factor (NMF) can explain low NMF levels despite of low frequency of FLG LOF mutations in Croatian population. Predictive models for SCORAD identified cytokines associated with SCORAD but warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jurakic Toncic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, School of Medicine in Zagreb, University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - I Jakasa
- Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Y Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - G Hurault
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S Ljubojevic Hadzavdic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, School of Medicine in Zagreb, University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - R J Tanaka
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - B Pavicic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, School of Medicine in Zagreb, University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Balic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, School of Medicine in Zagreb, University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - K Zuzul
- Department of Dermatology, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Petkovic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, School of Medicine in Zagreb, University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Kezic
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B Marinovic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, School of Medicine in Zagreb, University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
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From Allergy to Cancer-Clinical Usefulness of Eotaxins. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13010128. [PMID: 33401527 PMCID: PMC7795139 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Eotaxins are small proteins included in the group of chemokines. They act mainly on blood cells called eosinophils which are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory processes. This connection leads to involvement of eotaxins in the pathogenesis of all inflammatory related diseases, such as allergic diseases and cancer. This paper summarizes the current knowledge about eotaxins, showing their usefulness as markers that can be used not only in the detection of these diseases, but also to determine the effectiveness of treatment. Abstract Eotaxins are proteins which belong to the group of cytokines. These small molecules are secreted by cells that are mainly involved in immune-mediated reactions in the course of allergic diseases. Eotaxins were discovered in 1994 and their main role was considered to be the selective recruitment of eosinophils. As those blood cells are involved in the course of all inflammatory diseases, including cancer, we decided to perform an extensive search of the literature pertaining to our investigation via the MEDLINE/PubMed database. On the basis of available literature, we can assume that eotaxins can be used as markers for the detection and determination of origin or type of allergic disease. Many publications also confirm that eotaxins can be used in the determination of allergic disease treatment. Moreover, there are also studies indicating a connection between eotaxins and cancer. Some researchers revealed that CCL11 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 11, eotaxin-1) concentrations differed between the control and tested groups indicating their possible usefulness in cancer detection. Furthermore, some papers showed usefulness of eotaxins in determining the treatment efficacy as markers of decreasing inflammation. Therefore, in this paper we present the current knowledge on eotaxins in the course of allergic and cancerous diseases.
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Zayed M, Iohara K, Watanabe H, Nakashima M. CCR3 antagonist protects against induced cellular senescence and promotes rejuvenation in periodontal ligament cells for stimulating pulp regeneration in the aged dog. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8631. [PMID: 32451381 PMCID: PMC7248074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulp regeneration after transplantation of mobilized dental pulp stem cells (MDPSCs) declines in the aged dogs due in part to the chronic inflammation and/or cellular senescence. Eotaxin-1/C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11) is an inflammation marker via chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3). Moreover, CCR3 antagonist (CCR3A) can inhibit CCL11 binding to CCR3 and prevent CCL11/CCR3 signaling. The study aimed to examine the effect of CCR3A on cellular senescence and anti-inflammation/immunomodulation in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). The rejuvenating effects of CCR3A on neurite extension and migratory activity to promote pulp regeneration in aged dog teeth were also evaluated. In vivo, the amount of regenerated pulp tissues was significantly increased by transplantation of MDPSCs with CCR3A compared to control without CCR3A. In vitro, senescence of HPDLCs was induced after p-Cresol exposure, as indicated by increased cell size, decreased proliferation and increased senescence markers, p21 and IL-1β. Treatment of HPDLCs with CCR3A prevented the senescence effect of p-Cresol. Furthermore, CCR3A significantly decreased expression of CCL11, increased expression of immunomodulatory factor, IDO, and enhanced neurite extension and migratory activity. In conclusion, CCR3A protects against p-Cresol-induced cellular senescence and enhances rejuvenating effects, suggesting its potential utility to stimulate pulp regeneration in the aged teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Zayed
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
- Department of Animal Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Koichiro Iohara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Misako Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
- Aeras Bio Inc., Air Water Group, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-047, Japan.
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Altered Levels of Sphingosine, Sphinganine and Their Ceramides in Atopic Dermatitis Are Related to Skin Barrier Function, Disease Severity and Local Cytokine Milieu. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061958. [PMID: 32183011 PMCID: PMC7139865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional skin barrier plays a key role in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (AD), a common inflammatory skin disease. Altered composition of ceramides is regarded as a major cause of skin barrier dysfunction, however it is not clear whether these changes are intrinsic or initiated by inflammation and aberrant immune response in AD. This study investigated the levels of free sphingoid bases (SBs) sphingosine and sphinganine and their ceramides and glucosylceramide in the stratum corneum (SC) and related them to skin barrier function, disease severity and local cytokine milieu. Ceramides were measured in healthy skin, and lesional and non-lesional skin of AD patients by a novel method based on deacylation of ceramides which were subsequently determined as corresponding sphingoid bases by using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The cytokine levels were determined by multiplex immunoassay. Atopic skin showed increased levels of most investigated markers, predominantly in lesional skin. The largest difference in respect to healthy skin was found for glucosylceramide with respective median values of 0.23 (IQR 0.18–0.61), 0.56 (IQR 0.32–0.76) and 19.32 (IQR 7.86–27.62) pmol/µg protein for healthy, non-lesional and lesional skin. The levels of investigated ceramide markers were correlated with disease severity (scoring atopic dermatitis, SCORAD) and skin barrier function (trans-epidermal water loss, TEWL) and furthermore with cytokines involved in innate, Th-1, and Th-2 immune response. Interestingly, the strongest association with SCORAD was found for sphinganine/sphingosine ratio (r = ‒0.69, p < 0.001; non-lesional skin), emphasizing the importance of SBs in AD. The highest correlation with TEWL was found for glucosylceramide (r2 = 0.60, p < 0.001), which was investigated for the first time in AD. Findings that the changes in SBs and ceramide levels were predominant in lesional skin and their association with disease severity and cytokine levels suggest an immune-system driven effect. A novel analysis method demonstrates a robust and simple approach that might facilitate wider use of lipid biomarkers in the clinics e.g., to monitor (immune) therapy or dissect disease endotypes.
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Bhattacharya S, Kawamura A. Using evasins to target the chemokine network in inflammation. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 119:1-38. [PMID: 31997766 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation, is driven by a network comprising cytokines, chemokines, their target receptors and leukocytes, and is a major pathologic mechanism that adversely affects organ function in diverse human diseases. Despite being supported by substantial target validation, no successful anti-chemokine therapeutic to treat inflammatory disease has yet been developed. This is in part because of the robustness of the chemokine network, which emerges from a large total chemokine load in disease, promiscuous expression of receptors on leukocytes, promiscuous and synergistic interactions between chemokines and receptors, and feedforward loops created by secretion of chemokines by leukocytes themselves. Many parasites, including viruses, helminths and ticks, evade the chemokine network by producing proteins that bind promiscuously to chemokines or their receptors. Evasins - three small glycoproteins identified in the saliva of the brown dog tick - bind multiple chemokines, and are active in several animal models of inflammatory disease. Over 50 evasin homologs have recently been identified from diverse tick species. Characterization of the chemokine binding patterns of evasins show that several have anti-chemokine activities that extend substantially beyond those previously described. These studies indicate that evasins function at the site of the tick bite by reducing total chemokine load. This not only reduces chemokine signaling to receptors, but also interrupts feedforward loops, thus disabling the chemokine network. Taking the lead from nature, a goal for the development of new anti-chemokine therapeutics would be to reduce the total chemokine load in disease. This could be achieved by administering appropriate evasin combinations or by smaller peptides that mimic evasin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoumo Bhattacharya
- RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Akane Kawamura
- RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Guo ZN, Guo WT, Liu J, Chang J, Ma H, Zhang P, Zhang FL, Han K, Hu HH, Jin H, Sun X, Simpson DM, Yang Y. Changes in cerebral autoregulation and blood biomarkers after remote ischemic preconditioning. Neurology 2019; 93:e8-e19. [PMID: 31142636 PMCID: PMC6659004 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) and various blood biomarkers in healthy adults. Methods A self-controlled interventional study was conducted. Serial measurements of dCA were performed at 7 time points (7, 9, and 11 am; 2, 5, and 8 pm, and 8 am on the next day) without or with RIPC, carried out at 7:20 to 8 am. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline (7 am) and 1 hour after RIPC, and blood biomarkers, including 5 neuroprotective factors and 25 inflammation-related biomarkers, were measured with a quantitative protein chip. Results Fifty participants were enrolled (age 34.54 ± 12.01 years, 22 men). Compared with the results on the day without RIPC, dCA was significantly increased at 6 hours after RIPC, and the increase was sustained for at least 24 hours. After RIPC, 2 neuroprotective factors (glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor-A) and 4 inflammation-related biomarkers (transforming growth factor-β1, leukemia inhibitory factor, matrix metallopeptidase-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1) were significantly elevated compared with their baseline levels. Conversely, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was significantly lower compared with its baseline level. Conclusions RIPC induces a sustained increase of dCA from 6 to at least 24 hours after treatment in healthy adults. In addition, several neuroprotective and inflammation-related blood biomarkers were differentially regulated shortly after RIPC. The increased dCA and altered blood biomarkers may collectively contribute to the beneficial effects of RIPC on cerebrovascular function. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02965547.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ni Guo
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Wei-Tong Guo
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Jia Liu
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Junlei Chang
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Hongyin Ma
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Peng Zhang
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Fu-Liang Zhang
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Ke Han
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Han-Hwa Hu
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Hang Jin
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Xin Sun
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - David Martin Simpson
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Yi Yang
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK.
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Yamada T, Miyabe Y, Ueki S, Fujieda S, Tokunaga T, Sakashita M, Kato Y, Ninomiya T, Kawasaki Y, Suzuki S, Saito H. Eotaxin-3 as a Plasma Biomarker for Mucosal Eosinophil Infiltration in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:74. [PMID: 30778348 PMCID: PMC6369170 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps exhibits marked eosinophilic infiltration and its mucosal eosinophilia is associated with more severe symptoms. The Japanese epidemiological survey of refractory eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis found that patients with nasal polyps required multiple surgeries when there were higher infiltrating eosinophils in the mucosa. In order to identify plasma biomarkers for local eosinophil infiltration in rhinosinusitis for surgery, we examined the levels of molecules in the plasma of patients and compared the number of infiltrating eosinophils in the nasal mucosa. Materials and Methods: Mucosal tissues from 97 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) were obtained from the nasal polyps during surgery. Tissues were immediately fixed and sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The number of eosinophils in the mucosa was counted at HPF (x 400). Blood samples were obtained and the plasma was stored at −80°C. We measured the plasma cytokine and chemokine levels using multiple assay systems according to the manufacturers' protocols. The tissues were divided into high- and low-eosinophil mucosal infiltration group for recurrence after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). We also observed chemokine secretion from nasal fibroblasts. Results: The plasma level of eotaxin-3/ CC chemokine ligand 26 (CCL26) was significantly higher in the high-eosinophil mucosal infiltration group (p < 0.005). The number of infiltrating eosinophils in the mucosa was significantly higher in the group with the higher eotaxin-3 level (p < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in the blood eosinophil numbers among two groups. A significant positive correlation was found between the mucosal eosinophil count and the plasma levels of eotaxin-3 (p < 0.005). The levels of interleukin 33 (IL-33) (p < 0.001) and thymic stromal-derived lymphopoietin (TSLP) (p < 0.005) were significantly higher in the high-level eotaxin-3 group. IL-13 strongly induced the secretion of eotaxin-3 from human nasal fibroblasts (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This is the first report suggesting eotaxin-3 as a plasma biomarker for mucosal eosinophil infiltration. Furthermore, the level of eotaxin-3 was found to be closely related to IL-33 and TSLP levels which indicate respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takechiyo Yamada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Yui Miyabe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Ueki
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tokunaga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masafumi Sakashita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kato
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ninomiya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Saito
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
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Pacheco-Lugo L, Sáenz-García J, Navarro Quiroz E, González Torres H, Fang L, Díaz-Olmos Y, Garavito de Egea G, Egea Bermejo E, Aroca Martínez G. Plasma cytokines as potential biomarkers of kidney damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2018; 28:34-43. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203318812679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder characterized by an exacerbated expression of cytokines and chemokines in different tissues and organs. Renal involvement is a significant contributor to the morbidity and mortality of systemic lupus erythematosus, and its diagnosis is based on renal biopsy, an invasive procedure with a high risk of complications. Therefore, the development of alternative, non-invasive diagnostic tests for kidney disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is a priority. Aim To evaluate the plasma levels of a panel of cytokines and chemokines using multiplex xMAP technology in a cohort of Colombian patients with active and inactive systemic lupus erythematosus, and to evaluate their potential as biomarkers of renal involvement. Results Plasma from 40 systemic lupus erythematosus non-nephritis patients and 80 lupus nephritis patients with different levels of renal involvement were analyzed for 39 cytokines using Luminex xMAP technology. Lupus nephritis patients had significantly increased plasma eotaxin, TNF-α, interleukin-17-α, interleukin-10, and interleukin-15 as compared to the systemic lupus erythematosus non-nephritis group. Macrophage-derived chemokine, growth regulated oncogene alpha, and epidermal growth factor were significantly elevated in systemic lupus erythematosus non-nephritis patients when compared to lupus nephritis individuals. Plasma eotaxin levels allowed a discrimination between systemic lupus erythematosus non-nephritis and lupus nephritis patients, for which we performed a receiver operating characteristic curve to confirm. We observed a correlation of eotaxin levels with active nephritis (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index). Our data indicate that circulating cytokines and chemokines could be considered good predictors of renal involvement in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Pacheco-Lugo
- Grupo de Nefrología, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - J. Sáenz-García
- Grupo de Genómica Funcional de Parásitos, Universidad Federal de Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - E Navarro Quiroz
- Grupo de Nefrología, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | - L. Fang
- Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - G. Aroca Martínez
- Grupo de Nefrología, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Clínica de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia
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Lu KH, Su SC, Lin CW, Hsieh YH, Lin YC, Chien MH, Reiter RJ, Yang SF. Melatonin attenuates osteosarcoma cell invasion by suppression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 24 through inhibition of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12507. [PMID: 29766567 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, with its high metastatic potential, is the most prevalent malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Melatonin possesses multiple tumor-suppressing properties for a myriad of tumors, but little is known about the effects of melatonin on osteosarcoma metastasis. In this study, we demonstrated that melatonin elicited very low cytotoxicity and significantly inhibited cellular motility, migration, and invasion in human osteosarcoma U2OS and HOS cells. Moreover, using RNA sequencing technology, we revealed that melatonin repressed C-C motif chemokine ligand 24 (CCL24) gene expression in U2OS cells. Manipulation of CCL24 levels influenced the motility of osteosarcoma cells as cell migration and invasion were enhanced by the addition of recombinant human CCL24 and attenuated by the silencing of CCL24. Moreover, melatonin increased and decreased the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1/2, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner in U2OS and HOS cells while exerting no evident influence on the level and activation of p38, Akt, FAK, steroid receptor coactivator, or Raf. In further functional experiments, the use of JNK inhibitors (SP600125 and DN-JNK) confirmed that the pharmaceutic inhibition of JNK augmented the melatonin-mediated CCL24 suppression and migration of U2OS cells. Overall, our results revealed that melatonin attenuated chemokine CCL24 levels through inhibition of the JNK pathway to hinder human osteosarcoma cell invasion, thereby highlighting the therapeutic potential of melatonin for osteosarcoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Hsiu Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Linkou and Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chiu Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Kindstedt E, Holm CK, Sulniute R, Martinez-Carrasco I, Lundmark R, Lundberg P. CCL11, a novel mediator of inflammatory bone resorption. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5334. [PMID: 28706221 PMCID: PMC5509729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05654-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal bone homeostasis, which is regulated by bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts is perturbed by inflammation. In chronic inflammatory disease with disturbed bone remodelling, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, patients show increased serum levels of the chemokine eotaxin-1 (CCL11). Herein, we demonstrate an inflammatory driven expression of CCL11 in bone tissue and a novel role of CCL11 in osteoclast migration and resorption. Using an inflammatory bone lesion model and primary cell cultures, we discovered that osteoblasts express CCL11 in vivo and in vitro and that expression increased during inflammatory conditions. Osteoclasts did not express CCL11, but the high affinity receptor CCR3 was significantly upregulated during osteoclast differentiation and found to colocalise with CCL11. Exogenous CCL11 was internalised in osteoclast and stimulated the migration of pre-osteoclast and concomitant increase in bone resorption. Our data pinpoints that the CCL11/CCR3 pathway could be a new target for treatment of inflammatory bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Kindstedt
- Department of Odontology/Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Koskinen Holm
- Department of Odontology/Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rima Sulniute
- Department of Odontology/Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Irene Martinez-Carrasco
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Richard Lundmark
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Lundberg
- Department of Odontology/Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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Alangari AA, Morris K, Lwaleed BA, Lau L, Jones K, Cooper R, Jenkins R. Honey is potentially effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: Clinical and mechanistic studies. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2017; 5:190-199. [PMID: 28474502 PMCID: PMC5418133 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction As manuka honey (MH) exhibits immunoregulatory and anti‐staphylococcal activities, we aimed to investigate if it could be effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods Adult volunteers with bilateral AD lesions were asked to apply MH on one site overnight for seven consecutive days and leave the contralateral site untreated as possible. Three Item Severity score was used to evaluate the response. Skin swabs were obtained from both sites before and after treatment to investigate the presence of staphylococci and enterotoxin production. In addition, the ability of MH and its methanolic and hexane extracts to down regulate IL4‐induced CCL26 protein release from HaCaT cells was evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Also, the ability of MH to modulate calcium ionophore‐induced mast cell degranulation was assessed by enzyme immunoassay. Results In 14 patients, AD lesions significantly improved post MH treatment versus pre‐treatment as compared to control lesions. No significant changes in the skin staphylococci were observed after day 7, irrespective of honey treatment. Consistent with the clinical observation, MH significantly down regulated IL4‐induced CCL26 release from HaCaT cells in a dose‐dependent manner. This effect was partially lost, though remained significant, when methanolic and hexane extracts of MH were utilized. In addition, mast cell degranulation was significantly inhibited following treatment with MH. Conclusions MH is potentially effective in the treatment of AD lesions based on both clinical and cellular studies through different mechanisms. This needs to be confirmed by randomized and controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A. Alangari
- Department of PediatricsCollege of MedicineKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Keith Morris
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCardiff Metropolitan UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | - Laurie Lau
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Ken Jones
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCardiff Metropolitan UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Rose Cooper
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCardiff Metropolitan UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Rowena Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCardiff Metropolitan UniversityCardiffUK
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Serezani APM, Bozdogan G, Sehra S, Walsh D, Krishnamurthy P, Potchanant EAS, Nalepa G, Goenka S, Turner MJ, Spandau DF, Kaplan MH. IL-4 impairs wound healing potential in the skin by repressing fibronectin expression. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:142-151.e5. [PMID: 27554818 PMCID: PMC5222746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by intense pruritis and is a common childhood inflammatory disease. Many factors are known to affect AD development, including the pleiotropic cytokine IL-4. Yet little is known regarding the direct effects of IL-4 on keratinocyte function. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS In this report RNA sequencing and functional assays were used to define the effect of the allergic environment on primary keratinocyte function and wound repair in mice. RESULTS Acute or chronic stimulation by IL-4 modified expression of more than 1000 genes expressed in human keratinocytes that are involved in a broad spectrum of nonoverlapping functions. Among the IL-4-induced changes, repression of fibronectin critically impaired the human keratinocyte wound response. Moreover, in mouse models of spontaneous and induced AD-like lesions, there was delayed re-epithelialization. Importantly, topical treatment with fibronectin restored the epidermal repair response. CONCLUSION Keratinocyte gene expression is critically shaped by IL-4, altering cell fate decisions, which are likely important for the clinical manifestations and pathology of allergic skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana PM Serezani
- Department of Pediatrics, H.B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gunseli Bozdogan
- Department of Pediatrics, H.B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sarita Sehra
- Department of Pediatrics, H.B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Daniel Walsh
- Department of Pediatrics, H.B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Purna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pediatrics, H.B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Sierra Potchanant
- Department of Pediatrics, H.B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Bone Marrow Failure Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Grzegorz Nalepa
- Department of Pediatrics, H.B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Bone Marrow Failure Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Shreevrat Goenka
- Department of Pediatrics, H.B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Matthew J Turner
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Dan F Spandau
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, H.B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Jung SK, Choi DW, Kwon DA, Kim MJ, Seong KS, Shon DH. Oral Administration of Achyranthis radix Extract Prevents TMA-induced Allergic Contact Dermatitis by Regulating Th2 Cytokine and Chemokine Production in Vivo. Molecules 2015; 20:21584-96. [PMID: 26633349 PMCID: PMC6331862 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) remains a major skin disease in many countries, necessitating the discovery of novel and effective anti-ACD agents. In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of Achyranthis radix extract (AcRE) on trimellitic anhydride (TMA)-induced dermatitis and the potential mechanism of action involved. Oral administration of AcRE and prednisolone (PS) significantly suppressed TMA-induced increases in ear and epidermal thickness, and IgE expression. In addition, abnormal expression of IL-1β and TNF-α protein and mRNA was also significantly attenuated by oral administration of AcRE. Treatment with AcRE also significantly suppressed TMA-induced IL-4 and IL-13 cytokines and mRNA expression in vivo. Moreover, AcRE strongly suppressed TMA-induced IL-4 and IL-5 production in draining lymph nodes, as well as OVA-induced IL-4 and IL-5 expression in primary cultured splenocytes. Interestingly, AcRE suppressed IL-4-induced STAT6 phosphorylation in both primary cultured splenocytes and HaCaT cells, and TMA-induced GATA3 mRNA expression ex vivo. AcRE also suppressed TMA-mediated CCL11 and IL-4-induced CCL26 mRNA expression and infiltration of CCR3 positive cells. The major compounds from AcRE were identified as gentisic acid (0.64 ± 0.2 μg/g dry weight of AcRE), protocatechuic acid (2.69 ± 0.1 μg/g dry weight of AcRE), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (5.59 ± 0.3 μg/g dry weight of AcRE), caffeic acid (4.21 ± 0.1 μg/g dry weight of AcRE), and ferulic acid (14.78 ± 0.4 ± 0.3 μg/g dry weight of AcRE). Taken together, these results suggest that AcRE has potential for development as an agent to prevent and treat allergic contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Keun Jung
- Research Group of Nutraceuticals for Metabolic Syndrome, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 13539, Korea.
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Dae Woon Choi
- Research Group of Nutraceuticals for Metabolic Syndrome, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 13539, Korea.
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Da-Ae Kwon
- Research Group of Nutraceuticals for Metabolic Syndrome, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 13539, Korea.
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 13539, Korea.
| | - Ki Seung Seong
- Research Group of Nutraceuticals for Metabolic Syndrome, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 13539, Korea.
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Research Group of Nutraceuticals for Metabolic Syndrome, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 13539, Korea.
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
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Li H, Meng YH, Shang WQ, Liu LB, Chen X, Yuan MM, Jin LP, Li MQ, Li DJ. Chemokine CCL24 promotes the growth and invasiveness of trophoblasts through ERK1/2 and PI3K signaling pathways in human early pregnancy. Reproduction 2015; 150:417-27. [PMID: 26316550 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine CCL24, acting through receptor CCR3, is a potent chemoattractant for eosinophil in allergic diseases and parasitic infections. We recently reported that CCL24 and CCR3 are co-expressed by trophoblasts in human early pregnant uterus. Here we prove with evidence that steroid hormones estradiol (E), progesterone (P), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), as well as decidual stromal cells (DSCs) could regulate the expression of CCL24 and CCR3 of trophoblasts. We further investigate how trophoblast-derived CCL24 mediates the function of trophoblasts in vitro, and conclude that CCL24/CCR3 promotes the proliferation, viability and invasiveness of trophoblasts. In addition, analysis of the downstream signaling pathways of CCL24/CCR3 show that extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways may contribute to the proliferation, viability and invasiveness of trophoblasts by activating intracellular molecules Ki67 and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9). However, we did not observe any inhibitory effect on trophoblasts when blocking c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) or p38 pathways. In conclusion, our data suggests that trophoblast-derived CCL24 at the maternal-fetal interface promotes trophoblasts cell growth and invasiveness by ERK1/2 and PI3K pathways. Meanwhile, pregnancy-related hormones (P and hCG), as well as DSCs could up-regulate CCL24/CCR3 expression in trophoblasts, which may indirectly influence the biological functions of trophoblasts. Thus, our results provide a possible explanation for the growth and invasion of trophoblasts in human embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive ImmunologyHospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Zhao Zhou Road 413, Shanghai 200011, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, ChinaNPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs & DevicesShanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Han Meng
- Laboratory for Reproductive ImmunologyHospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Zhao Zhou Road 413, Shanghai 200011, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, ChinaNPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs & DevicesShanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Qing Shang
- Laboratory for Reproductive ImmunologyHospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Zhao Zhou Road 413, Shanghai 200011, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, ChinaNPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs & DevicesShanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Bing Liu
- Laboratory for Reproductive ImmunologyHospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Zhao Zhou Road 413, Shanghai 200011, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, ChinaNPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs & DevicesShanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Laboratory for Reproductive ImmunologyHospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Zhao Zhou Road 413, Shanghai 200011, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, ChinaNPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs & DevicesShanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Min Yuan
- Laboratory for Reproductive ImmunologyHospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Zhao Zhou Road 413, Shanghai 200011, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, ChinaNPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs & DevicesShanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Jin
- Laboratory for Reproductive ImmunologyHospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Zhao Zhou Road 413, Shanghai 200011, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, ChinaNPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs & DevicesShanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China Laboratory for Reproductive ImmunologyHospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Zhao Zhou Road 413, Shanghai 200011, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, ChinaNPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs & DevicesShanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive ImmunologyHospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Zhao Zhou Road 413, Shanghai 200011, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, ChinaNPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs & DevicesShanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China Laboratory for Reproductive ImmunologyHospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Zhao Zhou Road 413, Shanghai 200011, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, ChinaNPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs & DevicesShanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China Laboratory for Reproductive ImmunologyHospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Zhao Zhou Road 413, Shanghai 200011, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, ChinaNPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs & DevicesShanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Jin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive ImmunologyHospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Zhao Zhou Road 413, Shanghai 200011, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, ChinaNPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs & DevicesShanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China Laboratory for Reproductive ImmunologyHospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Zhao Zhou Road 413, Shanghai 200011, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, ChinaNPFPC Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs & DevicesShanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
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Amano W, Nakajima S, Kunugi H, Numata Y, Kitoh A, Egawa G, Dainichi T, Honda T, Otsuka A, Kimoto Y, Yamamoto Y, Tanimoto A, Matsushita M, Miyachi Y, Kabashima K. The Janus kinase inhibitor JTE-052 improves skin barrier function through suppressing signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:667-677.e7. [PMID: 26115905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barrier disruption and the resulting continuous exposure to allergens are presumed to be responsible for the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the mechanism through which skin barrier function is disrupted in patients with AD remains unclear. OBJECTIVES Taking into account the fact that the TH2 milieu impairs keratinocyte terminal differentiation, we sought to clarify our hypothesis that the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway plays a critical role in skin barrier function and can be a therapeutic target for AD. METHODS We analyzed the mechanism of keratinocyte differentiation using a microarray and small interfering RNA targeting STATs. We studied the effect of the JAK inhibitor JTE-052 on keratinocyte differentiation using the human skin equivalent model and normal human epidermal keratinocytes. We applied topical JAK inhibitor onto NC/Nga mice, dry skin model mice, and human skin grafted to immunocompromised mice. RESULTS IL-4 and IL-13 downregulated genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation. STAT3 and STAT6 are involved in keratinocyte differentiation and chemokine production by keratinocytes, respectively. Topical application of the JAK inhibitor suppressed STAT3 activation and improved skin barrier function, permitting increases in levels of terminal differentiation proteins, such as filaggrin, and natural moisturizing factors in models of AD and dry skin and in human skin. CONCLUSION STAT3 signaling is a key element that regulates keratinocyte differentiation. The JAK inhibitor can be a new therapeutic tool for the treatment of disrupted barrier function in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Amano
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saeko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hayato Kunugi
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Numata
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kitoh
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gyohei Egawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruki Dainichi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukari Kimoto
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yamamoto
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuo Tanimoto
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiki Miyachi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
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22
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Tang TS, Bieber T, Williams HC. Are the concepts of induction of remission and treatment of subclinical inflammation in atopic dermatitis clinically useful? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:1615-25.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Staumont-Sallé D, Fleury S, Lazzari A, Molendi-Coste O, Hornez N, Lavogiez C, Kanda A, Wartelle J, Fries A, Pennino D, Mionnet C, Prawitt J, Bouchaert E, Delaporte E, Glaichenhaus N, Staels B, Julia V, Dombrowicz D. CX₃CL1 (fractalkine) and its receptor CX₃CR1 regulate atopic dermatitis by controlling effector T cell retention in inflamed skin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:1185-96. [PMID: 24821910 PMCID: PMC4042636 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20121350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fractalkine interactions with its receptor, CX3CR1, regulate CD4+ T cell retention in atopic dermatitis and offer a potential therapeutic target in allergic disease. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic allergic dermatosis characterized by epidermal thickening and dermal inflammatory infiltrates with a dominant Th2 profile during the acute phase, whereas a Th1 profile is characteristic of the chronic stage. Among chemokines and chemokine receptors associated with inflammation, increased levels of CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and its unique receptor, CX3CR1, have been observed in human AD. We have thus investigated their role and mechanism of action in experimental models of AD and psoriasis. AD pathology and immune responses, but not psoriasis, were profoundly decreased in CX3CR1-deficient mice and upon blocking CX3CL1–CX3CR1 interactions in wild-type mice. CX3CR1 deficiency affected neither antigen presentation nor T cell proliferation in vivo upon skin sensitization, but CX3CR1 expression by both Th2 and Th1 cells was required to induce AD. Surprisingly, unlike in allergic asthma, where CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 regulate the pathology by controlling effector CD4+ T cell survival within inflamed tissues, adoptive transfer experiments established CX3CR1 as a key regulator of CD4+ T cell retention in inflamed skin, indicating a new function for this chemokine receptor. Therefore, although CX3CR1 and CX3CL1 act through distinct mechanisms in different pathologies, our results further indicate their interest as promising therapeutic targets in allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Staumont-Sallé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, France European Genomic Institute of Diabetes, 59045 Lille, France Department of Dermatology, Claude-Huriez Hospital, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Fleury
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, France European Genomic Institute of Diabetes, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Anne Lazzari
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7275, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7275, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Olivier Molendi-Coste
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, France European Genomic Institute of Diabetes, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Hornez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, France Department of Dermatology, Claude-Huriez Hospital, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Céline Lavogiez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, France Department of Dermatology, Claude-Huriez Hospital, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Akira Kanda
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, France European Genomic Institute of Diabetes, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Julien Wartelle
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, France European Genomic Institute of Diabetes, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Anissa Fries
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7275, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7275, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Davide Pennino
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Cyrille Mionnet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7275, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7275, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Janne Prawitt
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, France European Genomic Institute of Diabetes, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Bouchaert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, France European Genomic Institute of Diabetes, 59045 Lille, France
| | | | - Nicolas Glaichenhaus
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7275, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7275, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, France European Genomic Institute of Diabetes, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Julia
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7275, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7275, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - David Dombrowicz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille and Université Lille 2, 59019 Lille, France European Genomic Institute of Diabetes, 59045 Lille, France
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Bao L, Zhang H, Chan LS. The involvement of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in chronic inflammatory skin disease atopic dermatitis. JAKSTAT 2013; 2:e24137. [PMID: 24069552 PMCID: PMC3772104 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.24137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD), a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, is characterized by inflammatory cell skin infiltration. The JAK-STAT pathway has been shown to play an essential role in the dysregulation of immune responses in AD, including the exaggeration of Th2 cell response, the activation of eosinophils, the maturation of B cells, and the suppression of regulatory T cells (Tregs). In addition, the JAK-STAT pathway, activated by IL-4, also plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD by upregulating epidermal chemokines, pro-inflammatroy cytokines, and pro-angiogenic factors as well as by downregulating antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and factors responsible for skin barrier function. In this review, we will highlight the recent advances in our understanding of the JAK-STAT pathway in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bao
- Department of Dermatology; University of Illinois; Chicago, IL USA
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Gaspar K, Kukova G, Bunemann E, Buhren BA, Sonkoly E, Szollosi AG, Muller A, Savinko T, Lauerma AI, Alenius H, Kemeny L, Dieu-Nosjean MC, Stander S, Fischer JW, Ruzicka T, Zlotnik A, Szegedi A, Homey B. The chemokine receptor CCR3 participates in tissue remodeling during atopic skin inflammation. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 71:12-21. [PMID: 23702389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies provided insights into the recruitment and activation pathways of leukocytes in atopic dermatitis, however, the underlying mechanisms of tissue remodeling in atopic skin inflammation remain elusive. OBJECTIVE To identify chemokine-mediated communication pathways regulating tissue remodeling during atopic skin inflammation. METHODS Analysis of the chemokine receptor repertoire of human dermal fibroblasts using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analyses of chemokine expression in atopic vs. non-atopic skin inflammation. Investigation of the function of chemokine receptor CCR3 on human dermal fibroblasts through determining intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, cell proliferation, migration, and repair capacity. RESULTS Analyses on human dermal fibroblasts showed abundant expression of the chemokine receptor CCR3 in vitro and in vivo. Among its corresponding ligands (CCL5, CCL8, CCL11, CCL24 and CCL26) CCL26 demonstrated a significant and specific up-regulation in atopic when compared to psoriatic skin inflammation. In vivo, epidermal keratinocytes showed most abundant CCL26 protein expression in lesional atopic skin. In structural cells of the skin, TH2-cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 were dominant inducers of CCL26 expression. In dermal fibroblasts, CCL26 induced CCR3 signaling resulting in intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, as well as enhanced fibroblast migration and repair capacity, but no proliferation. CONCLUSION Taken together, findings of the present study suggest that chemokine-driven communication pathways from the epidermis to the dermis may modulate tissue remodeling in atopic skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztian Gaspar
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Relationship between serum eotaxins level and their genes expression in skin of atopic dermatitis patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2013; 110:462-3. [PMID: 23706717 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Saxena V, Ramdas S, Ochoa CR, Wallace D, Bhide P, Kohane I. Structural, genetic, and functional signatures of disordered neuro-immunological development in autism spectrum disorder. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48835. [PMID: 23239965 PMCID: PMC3514226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous linkage studies have been performed in pedigrees of Autism Spectrum Disorders, and these studies point to diverse loci and etiologies of autism in different pedigrees. The underlying pattern may be identified by an integrative approach, especially since ASD is a complex disorder manifested through many loci. Method Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was studied through two different and independent genome-scale measurement modalities. We analyzed the results of copy number variation in autism and triangulated these with linkage studies. Results Consistently across both genome-scale measurements, the same two molecular themes emerged: immune/chemokine pathways and developmental pathways. Conclusion Linkage studies in aggregate do indeed share a thematic consistency, one which structural analyses recapitulate with high significance. These results also show for the first time that genomic profiling of pathways using a recombination distance metric can capture pathways that are consistent with those obtained from copy number variations (CNV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Saxena
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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Characterization of EGFR and ErbB2 expression in atopic dermatitis patients. Arch Dermatol Res 2012; 304:773-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bao L, Shi VY, Chan LS. IL-4 regulates chemokine CCL26 in keratinocytes through the Jak1, 2/Stat6 signal transduction pathway: Implication for atopic dermatitis. Mol Immunol 2012; 50:91-7. [PMID: 22226123 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic, pruritic, inflammatory skin disease, is histopathologically characterized by epidermal hyperplasia and infiltration of T cells, mast cells, and eosinophils. Clinical study and basic research have established that IL-4 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. In this report, using HaCat cells, we show that CCL26, a chemokine for eosinophils, is up-regulated by IL-4 at both the mRNA and protein levels. IL-4 also enhances CCL26 promoter activity. Serial 5' deletion of the promoter and mutagenesis study reveal that the proximal Stat site is the key response element for IL-4 regulation of CCL26. Although IL-4 increases phosphorylation of both Stat3 and Stat6, it only activates Stat6 as shown by dominant negative studies. In addition, we found that IL-4 induces Stat6 nuclear translocation and stimulates phosphorylation of Jak1 and Jak2 but not Tyk2. IL-4 up-regulation of CCL26 can be suppressed by Jak inhibitors in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, results of this investigation reveal that IL-4 signals through the Jak1, 2/Stat6 pathway in keratinocytes to stimulate CCL26 expression and this may provide an explanation for the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
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