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Rupar MJ, Hanson H, Rogers S, Botlick B, Trimmer S, Hickman JJ. Modelling the innate immune system in microphysiological systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3604-3625. [PMID: 38957150 PMCID: PMC11264333 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00812f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
This critical review aims to highlight how modeling of the immune response has adapted over time to utilize microphysiological systems. Topics covered here will discuss the integral components of the immune system in various human body systems, and how these interactions are modeled using these systems. Through the use of microphysiological systems, we have not only expanded on foundations of basic immune cell information, but have also gleaned insight on how immune cells work both independently and collaboratively within an entire human body system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Rupar
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - Hannah Hanson
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - Stephanie Rogers
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - Brianna Botlick
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - Steven Trimmer
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - James J Hickman
- Hesperos, Inc., 12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
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2
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Liu ZX, Liu GQ, Lin ZX, Chen YQ, Chen P, Hu YJ, Yu B, Jiang N. Effects of Staphylococcus aureus on stem cells and potential targeted treatment of inflammatory disorders. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:187. [PMID: 38937829 PMCID: PMC11210046 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the advanced studies on stem cells in developmental biology, the roles of stem cells in the body and their phenotypes in related diseases have not been covered clearly. Meanwhile, with the intensive research on the mechanisms of stem cells in regulating various diseases, stem cell therapy is increasingly being attention because of its effectiveness and safety. As one of the most widely used stem cell in stem cell therapies, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation shows huge advantage in treatment of leukemia and other blood-malignant diseases. Besides, due to the effect of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory, mesenchymal stem cells could be a potential therapeutic strategy for variety infectious diseases. In this review, we summarized the effects of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and its components on different types of adult stem cells and their downstream signaling pathways. Also, we reviewed the roles of different kinds of stem cells in various disease models caused by S. aureus, providing new insights for applying stem cell therapy to treat infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xian Liu
- Division of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guan-Qiao Liu
- Division of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ze-Xin Lin
- Division of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ying-Qi Chen
- Division of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Division of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yan-Jun Hu
- Division of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Nan Jiang
- Division of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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3
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Zhao XC, Ju B, Xiu NN, Sun XY, Meng FJ. When inflammatory stressors dramatically change, disease phenotypes may transform between autoimmune hematopoietic failure and myeloid neoplasms. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1339971. [PMID: 38426096 PMCID: PMC10902444 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) and hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome are paradigms of autoimmune hematopoietic failure (AHF). Myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia are unequivocal myeloid neoplasms (MNs). Currently, AA is also known to be a clonal hematological disease. Genetic aberrations typically observed in MNs are detected in approximately one-third of AA patients. In AA patients harboring MN-related genetic aberrations, a poor response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST) and an increased risk of transformation to MNs occurring either naturally or after IST are predicted. Approximately 10%-15% of patients with severe AA transform the disease phenotype to MNs following IST, and in some patients, leukemic transformation emerges during or shortly after IST. Phenotypic transformations between AHF and MNs can occur reciprocally. A fraction of advanced MN patients experience an aplastic crisis during which leukemic blasts are repressed. The switch that shapes the disease phenotype is a change in the strength of extramedullary inflammation. Both AHF and MNs have an immune-active bone marrow (BM) environment (BME). In AHF patients, an inflamed BME can be evoked by infiltrated immune cells targeting neoplastic molecules, which contributes to the BM-specific autoimmune impairment. Autoimmune responses in AHF may represent an antileukemic mechanism, and inflammatory stressors strengthen antileukemic immunity, at least in a significant proportion of patients who have MN-related genetic aberrations. During active inflammatory episodes, normal and leukemic hematopoieses are suppressed, which leads to the occurrence of aplastic cytopenia and leukemic cell regression. The successful treatment of underlying infections mitigates inflammatory stress-related antileukemic activities and promotes the penetration of leukemic hematopoiesis. The effect of IST is similar to that of treating underlying infections. Investigating inflammatory stress-powered antileukemic immunity is highly important in theoretical studies and clinical practice, especially given the wide application of immune-activating agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of hematological neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Chen Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Ju
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Nuan-Nuan Xiu
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Sun
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fan-Jun Meng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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4
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Roznik K, Andargie TE, Johnston TS, Gordon O, Wang Y, Peart Akindele N, Persaud D, Antar AAR, Manabe YC, Zhou W, Ji H, Agbor-Enoh S, Karaba AH, Thompson EA, Cox AL. Emergency myelopoiesis distinguishes multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children from pediatric severe COVID-19. J Infect Dis 2024:jiae032. [PMID: 38299308 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a hyperinflammatory condition caused by recent SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the underlying immunological mechanisms driving this distinct syndrome are unknown. METHODS We utilized high dimensional flow cytometry, cell-free (cf) DNA, and cytokine and chemokine profiling to identify mechanisms of critical illness distinguishing MIS-C from severe acute COVID-19 (SAC). RESULTS Compared to SAC, MIS-C patients demonstrated profound innate immune cell death and features of emergency myelopoiesis (EM), an understudied phenomenon observed in severe inflammation. EM signatures were characterized by fewer mature myeloid cells in the periphery and decreased expression of HLA-DR and CD86 on antigen presenting cells. IL-27, a cytokine known to drive hematopoietic stem cells towards EM, was increased in MIS-C, and correlated with immature cell signatures in MIS-C. Upon recovery, EM signatures decreased, and IL-27 plasma levels returned to normal levels. Despite profound lymphopenia, we report a lack of cfDNA released by adaptive immune cells and increased CCR7 expression on T cells indicative of egress out of peripheral blood. CONCLUSIONS Immune cell signatures of EM combined with elevated innate immune cell-derived cfDNA levels distinguish MIS-C from SAC in children and provide mechanistic insight into dysregulated immunity contributing towards MIS-C, offering potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Roznik
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Temesgen E Andargie
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation and Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
| | - T Scott Johnston
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Oren Gordon
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nadine Peart Akindele
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah Persaud
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Annukka A R Antar
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yukari C Manabe
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sean Agbor-Enoh
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation and Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew H Karaba
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Thompson
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea L Cox
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Shevyrev D, Tereshchenko V, Berezina TN, Rybtsov S. Hematopoietic Stem Cells and the Immune System in Development and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065862. [PMID: 36982935 PMCID: PMC10056303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) support haematopoiesis throughout life and give rise to the whole variety of cells of the immune system. Developing in the early embryo, passing through the precursor stage, and maturing into the first HSCs, they undergo a fairly large number of divisions while maintaining a high regenerative potential due to high repair activity. This potential is greatly reduced in adult HSCs. They go into a state of dormancy and anaerobic metabolism to maintain their stemness throughout life. However, with age, changes occur in the pool of HSCs that negatively affect haematopoiesis and the effectiveness of immunity. Niche aging and accumulation of mutations with age reduces the ability of HSCs to self-renew and changes their differentiation potential. This is accompanied by a decrease in clonal diversity and a disturbance of lymphopoiesis (decrease in the formation of naive T- and B-cells) and the predominance of myeloid haematopoiesis. Aging also affects mature cells, regardless of HSC, therefore, phagocytic activity and the intensity of the oxidative burst decrease, and the efficiency of processing and presentation of antigens by myeloid cells is impaired. Aging cells of innate and adaptive immunity produce factors that form a chronic inflammatory background. All these processes have a serious negative impact on the protective properties of the immune system, increasing inflammation, the risk of developing autoimmune, oncological, and cardiovascular diseases with age. Understanding the mechanisms of reducing the regenerative potential in a comparative analysis of embryonic and aging HSCs, the features of inflammatory aging will allow us to get closer to deciphering the programs for the development, aging, regeneration and rejuvenation of HSCs and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Shevyrev
- Centre for Cell Technology and Immunology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Valeriy Tereshchenko
- Centre for Cell Technology and Immunology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Berezina
- Department of Scientific Basis of Extreme Psychology, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 127051 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Centre for Cell Technology and Immunology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
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6
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Patel B, Zhou Y, Babcock RL, Ma F, Zal MA, Kumar D, Medik YB, Kahn LM, Pineda JE, Park EM, Tang X, Raso MG, Zal T, Clise-Dwyer K, Giancotti FG, Colla S, Watowich SS. STAT3 protects HSCs from intrinsic interferon signaling and loss of long-term blood-forming activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.10.528069. [PMID: 36798265 PMCID: PMC9934695 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.10.528069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
STAT3 function in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) has been difficult to discern as Stat3 deficiency in the hematopoietic system induces systemic inflammation, which can impact HSPC activity. To address this, we established mixed bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice with CreER-mediated Stat3 deletion in 20% of the hematopoietic compartment. Stat3-deficient HSPCs had impaired hematopoietic activity and failed to undergo expansion in BM in contrast to Stat3-sufficient (CreER) controls. Single-cell RNA sequencing of Lin-ckit+Sca1+ BM cells revealed altered transcriptional responses in Stat3-deficient hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent progenitors, including intrinsic activation of cell cycle, stress response, and interferon signaling pathways. Consistent with their deregulation, Stat3-deficient Lin-ckit+Sca1+ cells accumulated γH2AX over time. Following secondary BM transplantation, Stat3-deficient HSPCs failed to reconstitute peripheral blood effectively, indicating a severe functional defect in the HSC compartment. Our results reveal essential roles for STAT3 in HSCs and suggest the potential for using targeted synthetic lethal approaches with STAT3 inhibition to remove defective or diseased HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhakti Patel
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rachel L. Babcock
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Malgorzata A. Zal
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Herbert Irving Cancer Center and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yusra B. Medik
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura M. Kahn
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Josué E. Pineda
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Park
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ximing Tang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Gabriela Raso
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tomasz Zal
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karen Clise-Dwyer
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Filippo G. Giancotti
- Herbert Irving Cancer Center and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simona Colla
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie S. Watowich
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Program for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research (PRIME-TR), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, US
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7
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Leśniak M, Lipniarska J, Majka P, Kopyt W, Lejman M, Zawitkowska J. The Role of TRL7/8 Agonists in Cancer Therapy, with Special Emphasis on Hematologic Malignancies. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020277. [PMID: 36851155 PMCID: PMC9967151 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) belong to the pattern recognition receptors (PRR). TLR7 and the closely correlated TLR8 affiliate with toll-like receptors family, are located in endosomes. They recognize single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules and synthetic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/RNA analogs-oligoribonucleotides. TLRs are primarily expressed in hematopoietic cells. There is compiling evidence implying that TLRs also direct the formation of blood cellular components and make a contribution to the pathogenesis of certain hematopoietic malignancies. The latest research shows a positive effect of therapy with TRL agonists on the course of hemato-oncological diseases. Ligands impact activation of antigen-presenting cells which results in production of cytokines, transfer of mentioned cells to the lymphoid tissue and co-stimulatory surface molecules expression required for T-cell activation. Toll-like receptor agonists have already been used in oncology especially in the treatment of dermatological neoplastic lesions. The usage of these substances in the treatment of solid tumors is being investigated. The present review discusses the direct and indirect influence that TLR7/8 agonists, such as imiquimod, imidazoquinolines and resiquimod have on neoplastic cells and their promising role as adjuvants in anticancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Leśniak
- Student Scientific Society of Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Lipniarska
- Student Scientific Society of Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Majka
- Student Scientific Society of Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Weronika Kopyt
- Student Scientific Society of Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Lejman
- Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Zawitkowska
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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8
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Zhao XC, Xue CJ, Song H, Gao BH, Han FS, Xiao SX. Bowel inflammatory presentations on computed tomography in adult patients with severe aplastic anemia during flared inflammatory episodes. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:576-597. [PMID: 36793625 PMCID: PMC9923849 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i3.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) frequently present with inflammatory episodes, and during flared inflammatory episodes, hematopoietic function is further exacerbated. The gastrointestinal tract is the most common site for infectious and inflammatory diseases, and its structural and functional features confer on it the most potent capacity to affect hematopoietic and immune functions. Computed tomography (CT) is a readily accessible approach to provide highly useful information in detecting morphological changes and guiding further work-ups.
AIM To explore CT imaging presentations of gut inflammatory damage in adult SAA patients during inflammatory episodes.
METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the abdominal CT imaging presentations of 17 hospitalized adult patients with SAA in search of the inflammatory niche when they presented with systemic inflammatory stress and exacerbated hematopoietic function. In this descriptive manuscript, the characteristic images that suggested the presence of gastrointestinal inflammatory damage and related imaging presentations of individual patients were enumerated, analyzed and described.
RESULTS All eligible patients with SAA had CT imaging abnormalities that suggested the presence of an impaired intestinal barrier and increased epithelial permeability. The inflammatory damages were concurrently present in the small intestine, the ileocecal region and the large intestines. Some readily identified imaging signs, such as bowel wall thickening with mural stratification (“water holo sign”, “fat holo sign”, intramural gas and subserosal pneumatosis) and mesenteric fat proliferation (fat stranding and “creeping fat sign”), fibrotic bowel wall thickening, “balloon sign”, rugged colonic configuration, heterogeneity in the bowel wall texture, and adhered and clustered small bowel loop (including various patterns of “abdominal cocoon”), occurred at a high incidence, which suggested that the damaged gastrointestinal tract is a common inflammatory niche responsible for the systemic inflammatory stresses and the exacerbated hematopoietic failure in patients with SAA. Particularly, the “fat holo sign” was present in 7 patients, a rugged colonic configuration was present in 10 patients, the adhesive bowel loop was present in 15 patients, and extraintestinal manifestations suggestive of tuberculosis infections were present in 5 patients. According to the imaging features, a suggestive diagnosis of Crohn’s disease was made in 5 patients, ulcerative colitis in 1 patient, chronic periappendiceal abscess in 1 patient, and tuberculosis infection in 5 patients. Other patients were diagnosed with chronic enteroclolitis with acutely aggravated inflammatory damage.
CONCLUSION Patients with SAA had CT imaging patterns that suggested the presence of active chronic inflammatory conditions and aggravated inflammatory damage during flared inflammatory episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Chen Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cheng-Jiang Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Song
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bin-Han Gao
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fu-Shen Han
- Department of Pneumology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shu-Xin Xiao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
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9
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Balandrán JC, Zamora-Herrera G, Romo-Rodríguez R, Pelayo R. Emergency Hematopoiesis in the Pathobiology of COVID-19: The Dark Side of an Early Innate Protective Mechanism. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:393-405. [PMID: 35675647 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The recognition of pathogens to which we are constantly exposed induces the immediate replenishment of innate immune cells from the most primitive stages of their development through emergency hematopoiesis, a central mechanism contributing to early infection control. However, as with other protective mechanisms, its functional success is at risk when the excess of inducing signals accelerates immunological catastrophes. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection exhibits a clinical spectrum that ranges from completely asymptomatic states to fatal outcomes, with the amplification of inflammatory components being the critical point that determine the progress, complication, and severity of the disease. This review focuses on the most relevant findings that entail emergency hematopoiesis to SARS-CoV-2 infection response and revolutionize our understanding of the mechanisms governing the clinical prognosis of COVID-19. Of special interest are the metabolic or hyperinflammatory conditions in aging that exacerbate the phenomenon and favor the uncontrolled emergency myelopoiesis leading to the evolution of severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Balandrán
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gabriela Zamora-Herrera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Rubí Romo-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
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10
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Isthmin 1 is Expressed by Progenitor-Like Cells in the Lung: Phenotypical Analysis of Isthmin 1+ Hematopoietic Stem-Like Cells in Homeostasis and during Infection. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:2909487. [PMID: 35402623 PMCID: PMC8993550 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2909487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The process by which blood cells are generated has been widely studied in homeostasis and during pathogen-triggered inflammatory response. Recently, murine lungs have been shown to be a significant source of hematopoietic progenitors in a process known as extramedullary hematopoiesis. Using multiparametric flow cytometry, we have identified mesenchymal, endothelial, and hematopoietic progenitor cells that express the secreted small protein Isthmin 1 (ISM1). Further characterization of hematopoietic progenitor cells indicated that ISM1+ Lineage− Sca-1+ c-kit+ (ISM1+ LSK) cells are enriched in short-term hematopoietic stem cells (ST-HSCs). Moreover, most Sca-1+ ISM1+ cells express the residence marker CD49a, and this correlated with their localization in the extravascular region of the lung, indicating that ISM1+ cells are lung-resident cells. We also observed that ISM1+ cells express TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9, and, in a mouse model of sepsis induced by P. aeruginosa, we observed that all the LSK and ISM1+LSK cells were affected. We conclude that ISM1 is a novel biomarker associated with progenitor-like cells. ISM1+ cells are involved in the response to a bacterial challenge, suggesting an association between ISM1-producing cells and dangerous inflammatory responses like sepsis.
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11
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Silva-Filho JL, Dos-Santos JC, Judice C, Beraldi D, Venugopal K, Lima D, Nakaya HI, De Paula EV, Lopes SC, Lacerda MV, Marti M, Costa FT. Total parasite biomass but not peripheral parasitaemia is associated with endothelial and haematological perturbations in Plasmodium vivax patients. eLife 2021; 10:71351. [PMID: 34585667 PMCID: PMC8536259 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the major cause of human malaria in the Americas. How P. vivax infection can lead to poor clinical outcomes, despite low peripheral parasitaemia, remains a matter of intense debate. Estimation of total P. vivax biomass based on circulating markers indicates existence of a predominant parasite population outside of circulation. In this study, we investigate associations between both peripheral and total parasite biomass and host response in vivax malaria. We analysed parasite and host signatures in a cohort of uncomplicated vivax malaria patients from Manaus, Brazil, combining clinical and parasite parameters, multiplexed analysis of host responses, and ex vivo assays. Patterns of clinical features, parasite burden, and host signatures measured in plasma across the patient cohort were highly heterogenous. Further data deconvolution revealed two patient clusters, here termed Vivaxlow and Vivaxhigh. These patient subgroups were defined based on differences in total parasite biomass but not peripheral parasitaemia. Overall Vivaxlow patients clustered with healthy donors and Vivaxhigh patients showed more profound alterations in haematological parameters, endothelial cell (EC) activation, and glycocalyx breakdown and levels of cytokines regulating different haematopoiesis pathways compared to Vivaxlow. Vivaxhigh patients presented more severe thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia, along with enrichment of neutrophils in the peripheral blood and increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLCR). When patients' signatures were combined, high association of total parasite biomass with a subset of markers of EC activation, thrombocytopenia, and lymphopenia severity was observed. Finally, machine learning models defined a combination of host parameters measured in the circulation that could predict the extent of parasite infection outside of circulation. Altogether, our data show that total parasite biomass is a better predictor of perturbations in host homeostasis in P. vivax patients than peripheral parasitaemia. This supports the emerging paradigm of a P. vivax tissue reservoir, particularly in the haematopoietic niche of bone marrow and spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- João L Silva-Filho
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases - Prof. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - João Ck Dos-Santos
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases - Prof. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Post-Graduation in Medical Pathophysiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carla Judice
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases - Prof. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dario Beraldi
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kannan Venugopal
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Diogenes Lima
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erich V De Paula
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Stefanie Cp Lopes
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Institute Leônidas & Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Brazil.,Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vg Lacerda
- Institute Leônidas & Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Brazil.,Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Matthias Marti
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Tm Costa
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases - Prof. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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12
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Zhao XC, Sun XY, Ju B, Meng FJ, Zhao HG. Acquired aplastic anemia: Is bystander insult to autologous hematopoiesis driven by immune surveillance against malignant cells? World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1429-1438. [PMID: 33312408 PMCID: PMC7705466 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i11.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a serendipitous finding from a patient with refractory severe aplastic anemia who had gotten an unexpected hematological response to treatment with gut-cleansing preparations (GCPs). This patient experienced three recurrences over the ensuing one year of intermittent GCP treatments, with each recurrence occurring 7-8 wk from a GCP. After his third recurrence, he was prescribed successive treatment with rifampicin, berberine, and monthly administered GCP for 4 mo, and he developed an erythroid proliferative neoplasma and an overwhelming enteropathy, and eventually died of septic shock. Laboratory investigations had validated the resolution of myelosuppression and the appearance of malignant clonal hematopoiesis. From the treatment process and laboratory investigations, it is reasonably inferred that the engagement of gut inflammation is critically required in sustaining the overall pathophysiology of acquired aplastic anemia probably by creating a chronic inflammatory state. Incorporation of rifampicin, berberine, and monthly GCP into cyclosporine can enhance the immunosuppressive effect. In a subgroup of acquired aplastic anemia patients whose pathogenesis is associated with genotoxic exposure, the suppressed normal hematopoiesis may result from the bystander insult that is mediated by the soluble inflammatory cytokines generated in response to the immunogenic products of damaged hematopoietic cells in the context of chronic inflammatory state and may offer a protective antineoplastic mechanism against malignant proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Chen Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Sun
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bo Ju
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fan-Jun Meng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong-Guo Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
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13
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Silva-Filho JL, Lacerda MVG, Recker M, Wassmer SC, Marti M, Costa FTM. Plasmodium vivax in Hematopoietic Niches: Hidden and Dangerous. Trends Parasitol 2020; 36:447-458. [PMID: 32298632 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Estimation of Plasmodium vivax biomass based on circulating biomarkers indicates the existence of a predominant biomass outside of the circulation that is not captured by peripheral parasitemia, in particular in patients with complicated outcomes. A series of recent studies have suggested that the hematopoietic niche of the bone marrow (BM) is a major reservoir for parasite replication and the development of transmission stages. However, significant knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of host-parasite interactions, pathophysiology, and the implications for treatment and diagnosis of such a reservoir. Here, we discuss the current status of this emerging research field in the context of P. vivax.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Luiz Silva-Filho
- Laboratório de Doenças Tropicais - Prof Luiz Jacintho da Silva Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; Wellcome Center for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Marcus V G Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil; Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Mario Recker
- Centre for Mathematics and the Environment, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Samuel C Wassmer
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Matthias Marti
- Wellcome Center for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Fabio T M Costa
- Laboratório de Doenças Tropicais - Prof Luiz Jacintho da Silva Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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14
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D'Atri LP, Rodríguez CS, Miguel CP, Pozner RG, Ortiz Wilczyñski JM, Negrotto S, Carrera-Silva EA, Heller PG, Schattner M. Activation of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 on CD34 + cells increases human megakaryo/thrombopoiesis induced by thrombopoietin. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:2196-2210. [PMID: 31397069 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/4 are key players in amplifying the host immune response; however, their role in human megakaryo/thrombopoiesis has not yet been defined. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether Pam3CSK4 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), TLR2/4 ligands respectively, modulate human megakaryocyte development and platelet production. METHODS CD34+ cells from human umbilical cord were stimulated with LPS or Pam3CSK4 with or without thrombopoietin (TPO). RESULTS CD34+ cells and megakaryocytes express TLR2 and TLR4 at both RNA and protein level; however, direct stimulation of CD34+ cells with LPS or Pam3CSK4 had no effect on cell growth. Interestingly, both TLR ligands markedly increased TPO-induced CD34+ cell proliferation, megakaryocyte number and maturity, proplatelet and platelet production when added at day 0. In contrast, this synergism was not observed when TLR agonists were added 7 days after TPO addition. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) release was observed upon CD34+ or megakaryocyte stimulation with LPS or Pam3CSK4 but not with TPO and this effect was potentiated in combination with TPO. The increased proliferation and IL-6 production induced by TPO + LPS or Pam3CSK4 were suppressed by TLR2/4 or IL-6 neutralizing antibodies, as well as by PI3K/AKT and nuclear factor-κB inhibitors. Additionally, increased proplatelet and platelet production were associated with enhanced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-E2. Finally, the supernatants of CD34+ cells stimulated with TPO+LPS-induced CFU-M colonies. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the activation of TLR2 and TLR4 in CD34+ cells and megakaryocytes in the presence of TPO may contribute to warrant platelet provision during infection episodes by an autocrine IL-6 loop triggered by PI3K/NF-κB axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Paola D'Atri
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Sofía Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Paula Miguel
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberto Gabriel Pozner
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Ortiz Wilczyñski
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Soledad Negrotto
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eugenio Antonio Carrera-Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Graciela Heller
- Institute of Medical Research Dr. Alfredo Lanari, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Hematology Research, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta Schattner
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Hey YY, O'Neill TJ, O'Neill HC. A novel myeloid cell in murine spleen defined through gene profiling. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5128-5143. [PMID: 31210415 PMCID: PMC6653018 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel myeloid antigen presenting cell can be generated through in vitro haematopoiesis in long‐term splenic stromal cocultures. The in vivo equivalent subset was recently identified as phenotypically and functionally distinct from the spleen subsets of macrophages, conventional (c) dendritic cells (DC), resident monocytes, inflammatory monocytes and eosinophils. This novel subset which is myeloid on the basis of cell surface phenotype, but dendritic‐like on the basis of cell surface marker expression and antigen presenting function, has been tentatively labelled “L‐DC.” Transcriptome analysis has now been employed to determine the lineage relationship of this cell type with known splenic cDC and monocyte subsets. Principal components analysis showed separation of “L‐DC” and monocytes from cDC subsets in the second principal component. Hierarchical clustering then indicated a close lineage relationship between this novel subset, resident monocytes and inflammatory monocytes. Resident monocytes were the most closely aligned, with no genes specifically expressed by the novel subset. This subset, however, showed upregulation of genes reflecting both dendritic and myeloid lineages, with strong upregulation of several genes, particularly CD300e. While resident monocytes were found to be dependent on Toll‐like receptor signalling for development and were reduced in number in Myd88‐/‐ and Trif‐/‐ mutant mice, both the novel subset and inflammatory monocytes were unaffected. Here, we describe a novel myeloid cell type closely aligned with resident monocytes in terms of lineage but distinct in terms of development and functional capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Hey
- Clem Jones Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Helen C O'Neill
- Clem Jones Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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16
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Jurecic R. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Heterogeneity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1169:195-211. [PMID: 31487025 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-24108-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain lifelong production of mature blood cells and regenerate the hematopoietic system after cytotoxic injury. Use of expanding cell surface marker panels and advanced functional analyses have revealed the presence of several immunophenotypically different HSC subsets with distinct self-renewal and repopulating capacity and bias toward selective lineage differentiation. This chapter summarizes current understanding of the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity within the HSC pool, with emphasis on the immunophenotypes and functional features of several known HSC subsets, and their roles in steady-state and emergency hematopoiesis, and in aging. The chapter also highlights some of the future research directions to elucidate further the biology and function of different HSC subsets in health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Jurecic
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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17
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Chronic immune response dysregulation in MDS pathogenesis. Blood 2018; 132:1553-1560. [PMID: 30104218 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-03-784116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic innate immune signaling in hematopoietic cells is widely described in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and innate immune pathway activation, predominantly via pattern recognition receptors, increases the risk of developing MDS. An inflammatory component to MDS has been reported for many years, but only recently has evidence supported a more direct role of chronic innate immune signaling and associated inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of MDS. Here we review recent findings and discuss relevant questions related to chronic immune response dysregulation in MDS.
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18
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Raic A, Riedel S, Kemmling E, Bieback K, Overhage J, Lee-Thedieck C. Biomimetic 3D in vitro model of biofilm triggered osteomyelitis for investigating hematopoiesis during bone marrow infections. Acta Biomater 2018; 73:250-262. [PMID: 29679779 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we define the requirements for a human cell-based osteomyelitis model which overcomes the limitations of state of the art animal models. Osteomyelitis is a severe and difficult to treat infection of the bone that develops rapidly, making it difficult to study in humans. We have developed a 3D in vitro model of the bone marrow, comprising a macroporous material, human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Inclusion of biofilms grown on an implant into the model system allowed us to study the effects of postoperative osteomyelitis-inducing bacteria on the bone marrow. The bacteria influenced the myeloid differentiation of HSPCs as well as MSC cytokine expression and the MSC ability to support HSPC maintenance. In conclusion, we provide a new 3D in vitro model which meets all the requirements for investigating the impact of osteomyelitis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Implant-associated osteomyelitis is a persistent bacterial infection of the bone which occurs in many implant patients and can result in functional impairments or even entire loss of the extremity. Nevertheless, surprisingly little is known on the triangle interaction between implant material, bacterial biofilm and affected bone tissue. Closing this gap of knowledge would be crucial for the fundamental understanding of the disease and the development of novel treatment strategies. For this purpose, we developed the first biomaterial-based system that is able to mimic implant-associated osteomyelitis outside of the body, thus, opening the avenue to study this fatal disease in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamarija Raic
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sophie Riedel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Elena Kemmling
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Friedrich-Ebert Str. 107, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joerg Overhage
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Cornelia Lee-Thedieck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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19
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Efron PA, Mohr AM, Bihorac A, Horiguchi H, Hollen MK, Segal MS, Baker HV, Leeuwenburgh C, Moldawer LL, Moore FA, Brakenridge SC. Persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism and the development of chronic critical illness after surgery. Surgery 2018; 164:178-184. [PMID: 29807651 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As early as the 1990s, chronic critical illness, a distinct syndrome of persistent high-acuity illness requiring management in the ICU, was reported under a variety of descriptive terms including the "neuropathy of critical illness," "myopathy of critical illness," "ICU-acquired weakness," and most recently "post-intensive care unit syndrome." The widespread implementation of targeted shock resuscitation, improved organ support modalities, and evidence-based protocolized ICU care has resulted in significantly decreased in-hospital mortality within surgical ICUs, specifically by reducing early multiple organ failure deaths. However, a new phenotype of multiple organ failure has now emerged with persistent but manageable organ dysfunction, high resource utilization, and discharge to prolonged care facilities. This new multiple organ failure phenotype is now clinically associated with the rapidly increasing incidence of chronic critical illness in critically ill surgery patients. Although the underlying pathophysiology driving chronic critical illness remains incompletely described, the persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome has been proposed as a mechanistic framework in which to explain the increased incidence of chronic critical illness in surgical ICUs. The purpose of this review is to provide a historic perspective of the epidemiologic evolution of multiple organ failure into persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome; describe the mechanism that drives and sustains chronic critical illness, and review the long-term outcomes of surgical patients who develop chronic critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Azra Bihorac
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Hiroyuki Horiguchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - McKenzie K Hollen
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Mark S Segal
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Henry V Baker
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Institute on Aging and the Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainseville
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Frederick A Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Scott C Brakenridge
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
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20
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Horiguchi H, Loftus TJ, Hawkins RB, Raymond SL, Stortz JA, Hollen MK, Weiss BP, Miller ES, Bihorac A, Larson SD, Mohr AM, Brakenridge SC, Tsujimoto H, Ueno H, Moore FA, Moldawer LL, Efron PA. Innate Immunity in the Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Catabolism Syndrome and Its Implications for Therapy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:595. [PMID: 29670613 PMCID: PMC5893931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and technological advances promoting early hemorrhage control and physiologic resuscitation as well as early diagnosis and optimal treatment of sepsis have significantly decreased in-hospital mortality for many critically ill patient populations. However, a substantial proportion of severe trauma and sepsis survivors will develop protracted organ dysfunction termed chronic critical illness (CCI), defined as ≥14 days requiring intensive care unit (ICU) resources with ongoing organ dysfunction. A subset of CCI patients will develop the persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS), and these individuals are predisposed to a poor quality of life and indolent death. We propose that CCI and PICS after trauma or sepsis are the result of an inappropriate bone marrow response characterized by the generation of dysfunctional myeloid populations at the expense of lympho- and erythropoiesis. This review describes similarities among CCI/PICS phenotypes in sepsis, cancer, and aging and reviews the role of aberrant myelopoiesis in the pathophysiology of CCI and PICS. In addition, we characterize pathogen recognition, the interface between innate and adaptive immune systems, and therapeutic approaches including immune modulators, gut microbiota support, and nutritional and exercise therapy. Finally, we discuss the future of diagnostic and prognostic approaches guided by machine and deep-learning models trained and validated on big data to identify patients for whom these approaches will yield the greatest benefits. A deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of CCI and PICS and continued investigation into novel therapies harbor the potential to improve the current dismal long-term outcomes for critically ill post-injury and post-infection patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Horiguchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Tyler J Loftus
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Russell B Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Steven L Raymond
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Julie A Stortz
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - McKenzie K Hollen
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Brett P Weiss
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Elizabeth S Miller
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Azra Bihorac
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Shawn D Larson
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Scott C Brakenridge
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Hironori Tsujimoto
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Frederick A Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
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21
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Chiba Y, Mizoguchi I, Hasegawa H, Ohashi M, Orii N, Nagai T, Sugahara M, Miyamoto Y, Xu M, Owaki T, Yoshimoto T. Regulation of myelopoiesis by proinflammatory cytokines in infectious diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1363-1376. [PMID: 29218601 PMCID: PMC11105622 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is hierarchically orchestrated by a very small population of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that reside in the bone-marrow niche and are tightly regulated to maintain homeostatic blood production. HSCs are predominantly quiescent, but they enter the cell cycle in response to inflammatory signals evoked by severe systemic infection or injury. Thus, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) can be activated by pathogen recognition receptors and proinflammatory cytokines to induce emergency myelopoiesis during infection. This emergency myelopoiesis counterbalances the loss of cells and generates lineage-restricted hematopoietic progenitors, eventually replenishing mature myeloid cells to control the infection. Controlled generation of such signals effectively augments host defense, but dysregulated stimulation by these signals is harmful to HSPCs. Such hematopoietic failure often results in blood disorders including chronic inflammatory diseases and hematological malignancies. Recently, we found that interleukin (IL)-27, one of the IL-6/IL-12 family cytokines, has a unique ability to directly act on HSCs and promote their expansion and differentiation into myeloid progenitors. This process resulted in enhanced production of neutrophils by emergency myelopoiesis during the blood-stage mouse malaria infection. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the regulation of myelopoiesis by proinflammatory cytokines including type I and II interferons, IL-6, IL-27, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-1 in infectious diseases.
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Grants
- a grant-in-aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan
- the Private University Strategic Research Based Support Project from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Chiba
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Izuru Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hasegawa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Mio Ohashi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Naoko Orii
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Taro Nagai
- Department of Immunology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Miyaka Sugahara
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
- Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
| | - Yasunori Miyamoto
- Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
| | - Mingli Xu
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Owaki
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
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22
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Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression and Catabolism after Severe Injury or Infection. ANNUAL UPDATE IN INTENSIVE CARE AND EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2018 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-73670-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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23
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Kamran N, Li Y, Sierra M, Alghamri MS, Kadiyala P, Appelman HD, Edwards M, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Melanoma induced immunosuppression is mediated by hematopoietic dysregulation. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1408750. [PMID: 29399415 PMCID: PMC5790391 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1408750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors are associated with expansion of immunosuppressive cells such as tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These cells promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis and immune escape. Cancer patients frequently present symptoms such as anemia, leukocytosis and/or cytopenia; associated with poor prognosis. To uncover tumor-mediated hematopoietic abnormalities and identify novel targets that can be harnessed to improve tumor-specific immune responses, we investigated the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell compartment in melanoma bearing mice. We show that melanoma growth results in expansion of myeloid lineages such as MDSCs, macrophages and DCs along with a reduction in mature RBCs and platelets. Mature B lymphocytes in the blood and BM of melanoma mice were also reduced. Mice bearing melanoma showed extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen. Increased expansion of myeloid lineages occurred directly at the level of stem and progenitor cells. The reduction in mature B lymphocytes resulted from a block at the Pro-B cell stage in the bone marrow. Addition of recombinant IL-3 to bone marrow cells resulted in the expansion of committed myeloid progenitors including common myeloid precursors, granulocyte-monocyte precursors and megakaryocyte-erythrocyte precursors. In vivo, IL-3 receptor stimulation in melanoma bearing mice using an IL-3 antibody also resulted in a robust expansion of committed myeloid progenitors and hematopoietic stem cells. Collectively our findings demonstrate that tumor growth plays a pivotal role in reprogramming the host immune system by impacting hematopoiesis directly at the level of stem cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kamran
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Youping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria Sierra
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mahmoud S. Alghamri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Padma Kadiyala
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Henry D. Appelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 5220 Med Sci I, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marta Edwards
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria G. Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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24
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Cluzeau T, McGraw KL, Irvine B, Masala E, Ades L, Basiorka AA, Maciejewski J, Auberger P, Wei S, Fenaux P, Santini V, List A. Pro-inflammatory proteins S100A9 and tumor necrosis factor-α suppress erythropoietin elaboration in myelodysplastic syndromes. Haematologica 2017; 102:2015-2020. [PMID: 28983059 PMCID: PMC5709100 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.158857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence implicates innate immune activation in the pathobiology of myelodysplastic syndromes. A key myeloid-related inflammatory protein, S100A9, serves as a Toll-like receptor ligand regulating tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β production. The role of myelodysplastic syndrome-related inflammatory proteins in endogenous erythropoietin regulation and response to erythroid-stimulating agents or lenalidomide has not been investigated. The HepG2 hepatoma cell line was used to investigate in vitro erythropoietin elaboration. Serum samples collected from 311 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome were investigated (125 prior to treatment with erythroid-stimulating agents and 186 prior to lenalidomide therapy). Serum concentrations of S100A9, S100A8, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and erythropoietin were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Using erythropoietin-producing HepG2 cells, we show that S100A9, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β suppress transcription and cellular elaboration of erythropoietin. Pre-incubation with lenalidomide significantly diminished suppression of erythropoietin production by S100A9 or tumor necrosis factor-α. Moreover, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, lenalidomide significantly reduced steady-state S100A9 generation (P=0.01) and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α elaboration (P=0.002). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of serum from 316 patients with non-del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes demonstrated a significant inverse correlation between tumor necrosis factor-α and erythropoietin concentrations (P=0.006), and between S100A9 and erythropoietin (P=0.01). Moreover, baseline serum tumor necrosis factor-α concentration was significantly higher in responders to erythroid-stimulating agents (P=0.03), whereas lenalidomide responders had significantly lower tumor necrosis factor-α and higher S100A9 serum concentrations (P=0.03). These findings suggest that S100A9 and its nuclear factor-κB transcriptional target, tumor necrosis factor-α, directly suppress erythropoietin elaboration in myelodysplastic syndromes. These cytokines may serve as rational biomarkers of response to lenalidomide and erythroid-stimulating agent treatments. Therapeutic strategies that either neutralize or suppress S100A9 may improve erythropoiesis in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cluzeau
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA .,Cote d'Azur University, INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Medecine Moléculaire, Nice, France.,Groupe Français des Myélodysplasies, Paris, France
| | - Kathy L McGraw
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brittany Irvine
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Lionel Ades
- Groupe Français des Myélodysplasies, Paris, France.,Senior Hematology Unit, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ashley A Basiorka
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute and the Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Patrick Auberger
- Cote d'Azur University, INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Medecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Sheng Wei
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Pierre Fenaux
- Groupe Français des Myélodysplasies, Paris, France.,Senior Hematology Unit, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Alan List
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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25
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Jose SS, Bendickova K, Kepak T, Krenova Z, Fric J. Chronic Inflammation in Immune Aging: Role of Pattern Recognition Receptor Crosstalk with the Telomere Complex? Front Immunol 2017; 8:1078. [PMID: 28928745 PMCID: PMC5591428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related decline in immunity is characterized by stem cell exhaustion, telomere shortening, and disruption of cell-to-cell communication, leading to increased patient risk of disease. Recent data have demonstrated that chronic inflammation exerts a strong influence on immune aging and is closely correlated with telomere length in a range of major pathologies. The current review discusses the impact of inflammation on immune aging, the likely molecular mediators of this process, and the various disease states that have been linked with immunosenescence. Emerging findings implicate NF-κB, the major driver of inflammatory signaling, in several processes that regulate telomere maintenance and/or telomerase activity. While prolonged triggering of pattern recognition receptors is now known to promote immunosenescence, it remains unclear how this process is linked with the telomere complex or telomerase activity. Indeed, enzymatic control of telomere length has been studied for many decades, but alternative roles of telomerase and potential influences on inflammatory responses are only now beginning to emerge. Crosstalk between these pathways may prove to be a key molecular mechanism of immunosenescence. Understanding how components of immune aging interact and modify host protection against pathogens and tumors will be essential for the design of new vaccines and therapies for a wide range of clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sushama Jose
- Cellular and Molecular Immunoregulation Group (CMI), Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Czechia
| | - Kamila Bendickova
- Cellular and Molecular Immunoregulation Group (CMI), Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomas Kepak
- Pediatric Oncology Translational Research (POTR), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Zdenka Krenova
- Pediatric Oncology Translational Research (POTR), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Fric
- Cellular and Molecular Immunoregulation Group (CMI), Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
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26
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Espinoza JL, Kotecha R, Nakao S. Microbe-Induced Inflammatory Signals Triggering Acquired Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes. Front Immunol 2017; 8:186. [PMID: 28286502 PMCID: PMC5323400 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired bone marrow failure syndromes encompass a unique set of disorders characterized by a reduction in the effective production of mature cells by the bone marrow (BM). In the majority of cases, these syndromes are the result of the immune-mediated destruction of hematopoietic stem cells or their progenitors at various stages of differentiation. Microbial infection has also been associated with hematopoietic stem cell injury and may lead to associated transient or persistent BM failure, and recent evidence has highlighted the potential impact of commensal microbes and their metabolites on hematopoiesis. We summarize the interactions between microorganisms and the host immune system and emphasize how they may impact the development of acquired BM failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Luis Espinoza
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University , Kanazawa, Ishikawa , Japan
| | - Ritesh Kotecha
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Shinji Nakao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University , Kanazawa, Ishikawa , Japan
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27
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Michael S, Achilleos C, Panayiotou T, Strati K. Inflammation Shapes Stem Cells and Stemness during Infection and Beyond. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:118. [PMID: 27853732 PMCID: PMC5089974 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The outcome of an inflammatory incident can hang in the balance between restoring health and tissue integrity on the one hand, and promoting aberrant tissue homeostasis and adverse outcomes on the other. Both microbial-related and sterile inflammation is a complex response characterized by a range of innate immune cell types, which produce and respond to cytokine mediators and other inflammatory signals. In turn, cells native to the tissue in question can sense these mediators and respond by migrating, proliferating and regenerating the tissue. In this review we will discuss how the specific outcomes of inflammatory incidents are affected by the direct regulation of stem cells and cellular plasticity. While less well appreciated than the effects of inflammatory signals on immune cells and other differentiated cells, the effects are crucial in understanding inflammation and appropriately managing therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Michael
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Charis Achilleos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Katerina Strati
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus Nicosia, Cyprus
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28
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Goloviznina NA, Verghese SC, Yoon YM, Taratula O, Marks DL, Kurre P. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Myeloid-biased Multipotent Hematopoietic Progenitor Expansion via Toll-Like Receptor Engagement. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:24607-24617. [PMID: 27758863 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.745653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) present in the bone marrow microenvironment secrete cytokines and angiogenic factors that support the maintenance and regenerative expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Here, we tested the hypothesis that extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by MSCs contribute to the paracrine crosstalk that shapes hematopoietic function. We systematically characterized EV release by murine stromal cells and demonstrate that MSC-derived EVs prompt a loss of HSPC quiescence with concomitant expansion of murine myeloid progenitors. Our studies reveal that HSPC expansion by MSC EVs is mediated via the MyD88 adapter protein and is partially blocked by treatment with a TLR4 inhibitor. Imaging of fluorescence protein-tagged MSC EVs corroborated their cellular co-localization with TLR4 and endosomal Rab5 compartments in HSPCs. The dissection of downstream responses to TLR4 activation reveals that the mechanism by which MSC EVs impact HSPCs involves canonical NF-κB signaling and downstream activation of Hif-1α and CCL2 target genes. Our aggregate data identify a previously unknown role for MSC-derived EVs in the regulation of hematopoiesis through innate immune mechanisms and illustrate the expansive cell-cell crosstalk in the bone marrow microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Young Me Yoon
- From the Department of Pediatrics,; Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, and
| | - Oleh Taratula
- the Oregon State University, College of Pharmacy, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Daniel L Marks
- From the Department of Pediatrics,; Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, and
| | - Peter Kurre
- From the Department of Pediatrics,; Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, and; Pediatric Cancer Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239 and.
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29
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Bihari C, Anand L, Rooge S, Kumar D, Saxena P, Shubham S, Sukriti, Trehanpati N, Kumar G, Pamecha V, Sharma S, Rastogi A, Kumar A, Sarin SK. Bone marrow stem cells and their niche components are adversely affected in advanced cirrhosis of the liver. Hepatology 2016; 64:1273-88. [PMID: 27486864 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bone marrow (BM) is a reservoir for immune and hematopoietic cells and critical for tissue repair and regeneration. All of these functions are severely altered in cirrhosis. We investigated the cellular and functional state of BM in cirrhosis patients. We studied the histological, cellular, and molecular changes in BM of cirrhosis patients (n = 168) and controls (n = 44). Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and associated niche cells, mesenchymal stem cells, Schwann cells, neural fibers, and endothelial cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Cytokines and growth factors were analyzed in peripheral blood and BM plasma. Cirrhotic BM showed an inverse correlation between cluster of differentiation 34+HSCs and Model of End-Stage Liver Disease (ρ = -0.582, P < 0.001) and Child's scores (P < 0.038). BMs of cirrhosis patients with higher Model of End-Stage Liver Disease (>15) showed significantly decreased HSCs, mesenchymal stem cells, Schwann cells, and neural fibers; increased interleukin-1β (P = 0.004), tumor necrosis factor-α (P = 0.040), and interferon-γ (P = 0.03); and decreased oncostatin M (P = 0.04), stem cell factor (P = 0.05), and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (P = 0.03) compared to those with lower Model of End-Stage Liver Disease scores (≤15). The cluster of differentiation 34+ cell population was a predictor for the development of sepsis (P < 0.001), and per unit loss increased the probability of sepsis by 16%. Cirrhosis patients with fewer HSCs had lower hemoglobin (P = 0.05) and platelet counts (P = 0.05) and showed early graft dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Increasing severity of cirrhosis causes derangement of the hematopoietic niche and loss of HSCs, contributing to the hematological and immunological dysfunctions and reduced potential for regeneration; restoring BM functions could provide new therapeutic options in cirrhosis. (Hepatology 2016;64:1273-1288).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhagan Bihari
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Lovkesh Anand
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Sheetalnath Rooge
- Department of Research (Cellular and Molecular Medicine), Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Dhananjay Kumar
- Department of Research (Cellular and Molecular Medicine), Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Saxena
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Smriti Shubham
- Department of Research (Cellular and Molecular Medicine), Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Sukriti
- Department of Research (Cellular and Molecular Medicine), Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Nirupma Trehanpati
- Department of Research (Cellular and Molecular Medicine), Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Guresh Kumar
- Department of Clinical Research, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Viniyendra Pamecha
- Department of Liver Transplant & Hepato-pancreatico-biliary Surgery, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Shvetank Sharma
- Department of Research (Cellular and Molecular Medicine), Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Archana Rastogi
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Anupam Kumar
- Department of Research (Cellular and Molecular Medicine), Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Shiv K Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India. .,Department of Research (Cellular and Molecular Medicine), Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India.
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30
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Multifaceted Functions of NOD-Like Receptor Proteins in Myeloid Cells at the Intersection of Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Microbiol Spectr 2016; 4. [DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.mchd-0021-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
NOD-like receptor (NLR) proteins, as much as Toll-like receptor proteins, play a major role in modulating myeloid cells in their immune functions. There is still, however, limited knowledge on the expression and function of several of the mammalian NLR proteins in myeloid lineages. Still, the function of pyrin domain-containing NLR proteins and NLRC4/NAIP as inflammasome components that drive interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 maturation and secretion upon pathogen stimulation is well established. NOD1, NOD2, NLRP3, and NLRC4/NAIP act as bona fide pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that sense microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) but also react to endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Ultimately, activation of these receptors achieves macrophage activation and maturation of dendritic cells to drive antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. Upon infection, sensing of invading pathogens and likely of DAMPs that are released in response to tissue injury is a process that involves multiple PRRs in both myeloid and epithelial cells, and these act in concert to design tailored, pathogen-adapted immune responses by induction of different cytokine profiles, giving rise to appropriate lymphocyte polarization.
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31
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Elahimehr R, Scheinok AT, McKay DB. Hematopoietic stem cells and solid organ transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2016; 30:227-34. [PMID: 27553809 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation provides lifesaving therapy for patients with end stage organ disease. In order for the transplanted organ to survive, the recipient must take a lifelong cocktail of immunosuppressive medications that increase the risk for infections, malignancies and drug toxicities. Data from many animal studies have shown that recipients can be made tolerant of their transplanted organ by infusing stem cells, particularly hematopoietic stem cells, prior to the transplant. The animal data have been translated into humans and now several clinical trials have demonstrated that infusion of hematopoietic stem cells, along with specialized conditioning regimens, can permit solid organ allograft survival without immunosuppressive medications. This important therapeutic advance has been made possible by understanding the immunologic mechanisms by which stem cells modify the host immune system, although it must be cautioned that the conditioning regimens are often severe and associated with significant morbidity. This review discusses the role of hematopoietic stem cells in solid organ transplantation, provides an understanding of how these stem cells modify the host immune system and describes how newer information about adaptive and innate immunity might lead to improvements in the use of hematopoietic stem cells to induce tolerance to transplanted organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Elahimehr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew T Scheinok
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dianne B McKay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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The Friend of GATA Transcriptional Co-Regulator, U-Shaped, Is a Downstream Antagonist of Dorsal-Driven Prohemocyte Differentiation in Drosophila. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155372. [PMID: 27163255 PMCID: PMC4862636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that mammalian hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) respond directly to infection and inflammatory signaling. These signaling pathways also regulate HSPCs during steady-state conditions (absence of infection), and dysregulation may lead to cancer or age-related loss of progenitor repopulation capacity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a major class of pathogen recognition receptors, and are expressed on the surface of immune effector cells and HSPCs. TLR/NF-κB activation promotes HSPCs differentiation; however, the mechanisms by which this signaling pathway alters the intrinsic transcriptional landscape are not well understood. Although Drosophila prohemocytes are the functional equivalent of mammalian HSPCs, a prohemocyte-specific function for Toll signaling has not been reported. Using Drosophila transgenics, we identified prohemocyte-specific roles for Toll pathway members, Dorsal and Cactus. We showed that Dorsal is required to limit the size of the progenitor pool. Additionally, we showed that activation of Toll signaling in prohemocytes drives differentiation in a manner that is analogous to TLR/NF-κB-driven HSPC differentiation. This was accomplished by showing that over-expression of Dorsal, or knockdown of Cactus, promotes differentiation. We also investigated whether Dorsal and Cactus control prohemocyte differentiation by regulating a key intrinsic prohemocyte factor, U-shaped (Ush), which is known to promote multipotency and block differentiation. We showed that Dorsal repressed Ush expression levels to promote differentiation, whereas Cactus maintained Ush levels to block differentiation. Additionally, we showed that another Toll antagonist, Lesswright, also maintained the level of Ush to block differentiation and promote proliferative quiescence. Collectively, these results identify a novel role for Ush as a downstream target of Toll signaling.
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Abstract
Adult or somatic stem cells are tissue-resident cells with the ability to proliferate, exhibit self-maintenance as well as to generate new cells with the principal phenotypes of the tissue in response to injury or disease. Due to their easy accessibility and their potential use in regenerative medicine, adult stem cells raise the hope for future personalisable therapies. After infection or during injury, they are exposed to broad range of pathogen or damage-associated molecules leading to changes in their proliferation, migration and differentiation. The sensing of such damage and infection signals is mostly achieved by Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) with Toll-like receptor 4 being responsible for recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In this review, we examine the current state of knowledge on the TLR4-mediated signalling in different adult stem cell populations. Specifically, we elaborate on the role of TLR4 and its ligands on proliferation, differentiation and migration of mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells as well as neural stem cells. Finally, we discuss conceptual and technical pitfalls in investigation of TLR4 signalling in stem cells.
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Megías J, Martínez A, Yáñez A, Goodridge HS, Gozalbo D, Gil ML. TLR2, TLR4 and Dectin-1 signalling in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells determines the antifungal phenotype of the macrophages they produce. Microbes Infect 2016; 18:354-63. [PMID: 26828664 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
TLRs represent an attractive target for the stimulation of myeloid cell production by HSPCs. We have previously demonstrated that HSPCs use TLR2 to sense Candida albicans in vivo and induce the production of macrophages. In this work, we used an in vitro model of HSPCs differentiation to investigate the functional consequences for macrophages of exposure of HSPCs to various PAMPs and C. albicans cells. Mouse HSPCs (Lin(-) cells) were cultured with M-CSF to induce macrophage differentiation, in the presence or absence of the following PRR agonists: Pam3CSK4 (TLR2 ligand), LPS (TLR4 ligand), depleted zymosan (which only activates Dectin-1), or C. albicans yeasts (which activate several PRRs, but principally TLR2 and Dectin-1). Our data show that these PAMPs differentially impact the anti-microbial function of the macrophages produced by the exposed HSPCs. Pure TLR2 and TLR4 ligands generate macrophages with a diminished ability to produce inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, HSPCs activation in response to C. albicans leads to the generation of macrophages that are better prepared to deal with the infection, as they produce higher amounts of inflammatory cytokines and have higher fungicidal capacity than control macrophages. Therefore, the tailored manipulation of the differentiation process may help to boost the innate immune response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Megías
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain; Departamento de Patología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alba Martínez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Alberto Yáñez
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helen S Goodridge
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Gozalbo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - M Luisa Gil
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.
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Immature myeloid Gr-1+ CD11b+ cells from lipopolysaccharide-immunosuppressed mice acquire inhibitory activity in the bone marrow and migrate to lymph nodes to exert their suppressive function. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 130:259-71. [PMID: 26582821 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Secondary infections due to post-sepsis immunosuppression are a major cause of death in patients with sepsis. Repetitive inoculation of increasing doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into mice mimics the immunosuppression associated with sepsis. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs, Gr-1(+) CD11b(+)) are considered a major component of the immunosuppressive network, interfering with T-cell responses in many pathological conditions. We used LPS-immunosuppressed (IS) mice to address whether MDSCs acquired their suppressive ability in the bone marrow (BM) and whether they could migrate to lymph nodes (LNs) to exert their suppressive function. Our results showed that Gr-1(+) CD11b(+) cells of IS mice already had the potential to inhibit T-cell proliferation in the BM. Moreover, soluble factors present in the BM from IS mice were responsible for inducing this inhibitory ability in control BM cells. In addition, migration of Gr-1(+) CD11b(+) to LNs in vivo was maximal when cells obtained from the BM of IS mice were inoculated into an IS context. In this regard, we found chemoattractant activity in cell-free LN extracts (LNEs) from IS mice and an increased expression of the LN-homing chemokine receptor C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) in IS BM Gr-1(+) CD11b(+) cells. These results indicate that Gr-1(+) CD11b(+) cells found in BM from IS mice acquire their suppressive activity in the same niche where they are generated, and migrate to LNs to exert their inhibitory role. A better understanding of MDSC generation and/or regulation of factors able to induce their inhibitory function may provide new and more effective tools for the treatment of sepsis-associated immunosuppression.
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The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 increases the clonogenic efficiency of human hematopoietic progenitor cells through CD63/PI3K/Akt signaling. Exp Hematol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Chen CI, Zhang L, Datta SK. Hematopoietic stem and multipotent progenitor cells produce IL-17, IL-21 and other cytokines in response to TLR signals associated with late apoptotic products and augment memory Th17 and Tc17 cells in the bone marrow of normal and lupus mice. Clin Immunol 2015; 162:9-26. [PMID: 26521071 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied effects of early and late apoptotic (necroptotic) cell products, related damage associated alarmins and TLR agonists, on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). Surprisingly, normal HSPC themselves produced IL-17 and IL-21 after 1½days of stimulation, and the best stimulators were TLR 7/8 agonist; HMGB1-DNA; TLR 9 agonist, and necroptotic B cells. The stimulated HSPC expressed additional cytokines/mediators, directly causing rapid expansion of IL-17(+) memory CD4 T (Th17), and CD8 T (Tc17) cells, and antigen-experienced IL-17(+) T cells with "naïve" phenotype. In lupus marrow, HSPC were spontaneously pre-stimulated by endogenous signals to produce IL-17 and IL-21. In contrast to HSPC, megakaryocyte progenitors (MKP) did not produce IL-17, and unlike HSPC, they could process and present particulate apoptotic autoantigens to augment autoimmune memory Th17 response. Thus abnormally stimulated primitive hematopoietic progenitors augment expansion of IL-17 producing immune and autoimmune memory T cells in the bone marrow, which may affect central tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-I Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Syamal K Datta
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Deconstructing innate immune signaling in myelodysplastic syndromes. Exp Hematol 2015; 43:587-598. [PMID: 26143580 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of immune-related genes is widely reported in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs), and chronic immune stimulation increases the risk for developing MDS. Aberrant innate immune activation, such as that caused by increased toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, in MDS can contribute to systemic effects on hematopoiesis, in addition to cell-intrinsic defects on hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) function. This review will deconstruct aberrant function of TLR signaling mediators within MDS HSPCs that may contribute to cell-intrinsic consequences on hematopoiesis and disease pathogenesis. We will discuss the contribution of chronic TLR signaling to the pathogenesis of MDS based on evidence from patients and mouse genetic models.
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In situ hematopoiesis: a regulator of TH2 cytokine-mediated immunity and inflammation at mucosal surfaces. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:701-11. [PMID: 25783967 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis refers to the development of blood cells in the body through the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Although hematopoiesis is a multifocal process during embryonic development, under homeostatic conditions it occurs exclusively within the bone marrow. There, a limited number of hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into a rapidly proliferating population of lineage-restricted progenitors that serve to replenish circulating blood cells. However, emerging reports now suggest that under inflammatory conditions, alterations in hematopoiesis that occur outside of the bone marrow appear to constitute a conserved mechanism of innate immunity. Moreover, recent reports have identified previously unappreciated pathways that regulate the egress of hematopoietic progenitor cells from the bone marrow, alter their activation status, and skew their developmental potential. These studies suggest that progenitor cells contribute to inflammatory response by undergoing in situ hematopoiesis (ISH). In this review, we highlight the differences between homeostatic hematopoiesis, which occurs in the bone marrow, and ISH, which occurs at mucosal surfaces. Further, we highlight factors produced at local sites of inflammation that regulate hematopoietic progenitor cell responses and the development of TH2 cytokine-mediated inflammation. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting ISH in preventing the development of inflammation at mucosal sites.
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Vilchis-Ordoñez A, Contreras-Quiroz A, Vadillo E, Dorantes-Acosta E, Reyes-López A, Quintela-Nuñez del Prado HM, Venegas-Vázquez J, Mayani H, Ortiz-Navarrete V, López-Martínez B, Pelayo R. Bone Marrow Cells in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Create a Proinflammatory Microenvironment Influencing Normal Hematopoietic Differentiation Fates. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:386165. [PMID: 26090405 PMCID: PMC4450234 DOI: 10.1155/2015/386165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a serious public health problem in the pediatric population worldwide, contributing to 85% of deaths from childhood cancers. Understanding the biology of the disease is crucial for its clinical management and the development of therapeutic strategies. In line with that observed in other malignancies, chronic inflammation may contribute to a tumor microenvironment resulting in the damage of normal processes, concomitant to development and maintenance of neoplastic cells. We report here that hematopoietic cells from bone marrow B-ALL have the ability to produce proinflammatory and growth factors, including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-12, and GM-CSF that stimulate proliferation and differentiation of normal stem and progenitor cells. Our findings suggest an apparently distinct CD13(+)CD33(+) population of leukemic cells contributing to a proinflammatory microenvironment that may be detrimental to long-term normal hematopoiesis within B-ALL bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Vilchis-Ordoñez
- “Federico Gómez” Children's Hospital, 06720 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Avenida Cuauhtemoc 330, Colonia Doctores, 06720 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
- Clinical Biochemistry Program, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Adriana Contreras-Quiroz
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Avenida Cuauhtemoc 330, Colonia Doctores, 06720 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, CINVESTAV, 07360 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vadillo
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Avenida Cuauhtemoc 330, Colonia Doctores, 06720 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Venegas-Vázquez
- UMAE “Dr. Victorio de la Fuente Narvaéz”, Mexican Institute for Social Security, 07760 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Hector Mayani
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Avenida Cuauhtemoc 330, Colonia Doctores, 06720 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | | | | | - Rosana Pelayo
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Avenida Cuauhtemoc 330, Colonia Doctores, 06720 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
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Zhong R, Li H, Messer K, Lane TA, Zhou J, Ball ED. Augmentation of autologous T cell reactivity with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts by Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:737-44. [PMID: 25795133 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether TNF-α, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7/8 agonist resiquimod (R848), the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and their combinations can enhance autologous AML-reactive T cell generation in an in vitro culture. AML peripheral blood or bone marrow mononuclear cells were cultured in medium supplemented with GM-CSF/IL-4 to induce dendritic cell (DC) differentiation of AML blasts (AML-DC). The impact of TNF-α, LPS, R848 and their combinations on AML-DC cultures was analyzed. Significantly enhanced CD80, CD40, CD83, CD54, HLA-DR and CD86 expression of AML cells was observed by addition of TNF-α, LPS, R848 alone or combinations. Induced CD80 expression of AML cells was significantly higher through the combination of TNF-α, LPS and R848 (T + L + R) than that by T alone. CTL induced from T + L + R, T + R, T + L, L + R and R, but not T, L alone stimulated cultures showed significantly higher IFN-γ release than the medium control in response to autologous AML cells. IFN-γ release by T + L + R was significantly higher than T or L alone, and T + R was significantly higher than T alone. CTL generated from T + L + R, T + L, T + R, L + R and L alone exerted significantly higher AML cell killing than medium control. AML cell killing by T + L + R and T + R was significantly higher than T or R alone. These results indicate that the combination of T + L + R induces a significantly enhanced antigen presentation effect of AML-DC. We speculate that the complementary effects of reagent combinations may better address the heterogeneity of responses to any single agent in AML cells from different patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- RuiKun Zhong
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and the Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0960, USA
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42
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Deregulation of innate immune and inflammatory signaling in myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia 2015; 29:1458-69. [PMID: 25761935 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a group of heterogeneous clonal hematologic malignancies that are characterized by defective bone marrow (BM) hematopoiesis and by the occurrence of intramedullary apoptosis. During the past decade, the identification of key genetic and epigenetic alterations in patients has improved our understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease. However, the specific molecular mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis of MDS have largely remained obscure. Recently, essential evidence supporting the direct role of innate immune abnormalities in MDS has been obtained, including the identification of multiple key regulators that are overexpressed or constitutively activated in BM hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Mounting experimental results indicate that the dysregulation of these molecules leads to abnormal hematopoiesis, unbalanced cell death and proliferation in patients' BM, and has an important role in the pathogenesis of MDS. Furthermore, there is compelling evidence that the deregulation of innate immune and inflammatory signaling also affects other cells from the immune system and the BM microenvironment, which establish aberrant associations with hematopoietic precursors and contribute to the MDS phenotype. Therefore, the deregulation of innate immune and inflammatory signaling should be considered as one of the driving forces in the pathogenesis of MDS. In this article, we review and update the advances in this field, summarizing the results from the most recent studies and discussing their clinical implications.
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Cognasse F, Nguyen KA, Damien P, McNicol A, Pozzetto B, Hamzeh-Cognasse H, Garraud O. The Inflammatory Role of Platelets via Their TLRs and Siglec Receptors. Front Immunol 2015; 6:83. [PMID: 25784910 PMCID: PMC4345914 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are non-nucleated cells that play central roles in the processes of hemostasis, innate immunity, and inflammation; however, several reports show that these distinct functions are more closely linked than initially thought. Platelets express numerous receptors and contain hundreds of secretory products. These receptors and secretory products are instrumental to the platelet functional responses. The capacity of platelets to secrete copious amounts of cytokines, chemokines, and related molecules appears intimately related to the role of the platelet in inflammation. Platelets exhibit non-self-infectious danger detection molecules on their surfaces, including those belonging to the “toll-like receptor” family, as well as pathogen sensors of other natures (Ig- or complement receptors, etc.). These receptors permit platelets to both bind infectious agents and deliver differential signals leading to the secretion of cytokines/chemokines, under the control of specific intracellular regulatory pathways. In contrast, dysfunctional receptors or dysregulation of the intracellular pathway may increase the susceptibility to pathological inflammation. Physiological vs. pathological inflammation is tightly controlled by the sensors of danger expressed in resting, as well as in activated, platelets. These sensors, referred to as pathogen recognition receptors, primarily sense danger signals termed pathogen associated molecular patterns. As platelets are found in inflamed tissues and are involved in auto-immune disorders, it is possible that they can also be stimulated by internal pathogens. In such cases, platelets can also sense danger signals using damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Some of the most significant DAMP family members are the alarmins, to which the Siglec family of molecules belongs. This review examines the role of platelets in anti-infection immunity via their TLRs and Siglec receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Cognasse
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Loire , Saint-Etienne , France ; GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint Etienne , France
| | - Kim Anh Nguyen
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint Etienne , France
| | - Pauline Damien
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint Etienne , France
| | - Archibald McNicol
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB , Canada
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint Etienne , France
| | | | - Olivier Garraud
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint Etienne , France ; Institut National de Transfusion Sanguine (INTS) , Paris , France
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Generation of eosinophils from cryopreserved murine bone marrow cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116141. [PMID: 25551463 PMCID: PMC4281061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are produced in the bone marrow from CD34+ eosinophil lineage–committed progenitors, whose levels in the bone marrow are elevated in a variety of human diseases. These findings suggest that increased eosinophil lineage–committed progenitor production is an important process in disease-associated eosinophilia. The pathways central to the biology of the eosinophil lineage–committed progenitor remain largely unknown. Thus, developing new methods to investigate the regulators of eosinophil lineage–committed progenitor differentiation is needed to identify potential therapeutic targets to specifically inhibit eosinophil production. We tested cytokine regimens to optimize liquid cultures for the study of eosinophil lineage–committed progenitor and eosinophil precursor differentiation into mature eosinophils. Stem cell factor (but not fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand) was required for optimal yield of eosinophils. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of cell preservation and scale on the culture, successfully culturing functional eosinophils from fresh and frozen murine bone marrow cells and in a standard-sized and 96-well culture format. In summary, we have developed an adaptable culture system that yields functionally competent eosinophils from murine low-density bone marrow cells and whose cytokine regime includes expansion of progenitors with stem cell factor alone with subsequent differentiation with interleukin 5.
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45
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Goldszmid RS, Dzutsev A, Trinchieri G. Host immune response to infection and cancer: unexpected commonalities. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 15:295-305. [PMID: 24629336 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Both microbes and tumors activate innate resistance, tissue repair, and adaptive immunity. Unlike acute infection, tumor growth is initially unapparent; however, inflammation and immunity affect all phases of tumor growth from initiation to progression and dissemination. Here, we discuss the shared features involved in the immune response to infection and cancer including modulation by commensal microbiota, reactive hematopoiesis, chronic immune responses and regulatory mechanisms to prevent collateral tissue damage. This comparative analysis of immunity to infection and cancer furthers our understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying innate resistance and adaptive immunity and their translational application to the design of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina S Goldszmid
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Amiran Dzutsev
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Sebastian NT, Collins KL. Targeting HIV latency: resting memory T cells, hematopoietic progenitor cells and future directions. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 12:1187-201. [PMID: 25189526 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2014.956094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Current therapy for HIV effectively suppresses viral replication and prolongs life, but the infection persists due, at least in part, to latent infection of long-lived cells. One favored strategy toward a cure targets latent virus in resting memory CD4(+) T cells by stimulating viral production. However, the existence of an additional reservoir in bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells has been detected in some treated HIV-infected people. This review describes approaches investigators have used to reactivate latent proviral genomes in resting CD4(+) T cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells. In addition, the authors review approaches for clearance of these reservoirs along with other important topics related to HIV eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia T Sebastian
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Tang Q, Jiang D, Harfuddin Z, Cheng K, Moh MC, Schwarz H. Regulation of myelopoiesis by CD137L signaling. Int Rev Immunol 2014; 33:454-69. [PMID: 24941289 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2014.921163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CD137 ligand (CD137L) has emerged as a powerful regulator of myelopoiesis that links emergency situations, such as infections, to the generation of additional myeloid cells, and to their activation and maturation. CD137L is expressed on the cell surface of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) and antigen presenting cells (APC) as a transmembrane protein. The signaling of CD137L into HSPC induces their proliferation and differentiation to monocytes and macrophages, and in monocytes CD137L signaling induces differentiation to potent dendritic cells (DC). CD137L signaling is initiated by CD137 which is expressed by T cells, once they become activated. Some of these activated, CD137-expressing T cells migrate from the site of infection to the bone marrow where they interact with HSPC to induce myelopoiesis, or they induce monocyte to DC differentiation locally at the site of infection. Therapeutically, induction of CD137L signaling can be utilized to reinitiate myeloid differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia cells, and to generate potent DC for immunotherapy.
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48
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Vadillo E, Dorantes-Acosta E, Arriaga-Pizano L, Chavez-Gonzalez A, Reyes-Maldonado E, Garrett KP, Mayani H, Kincade PW, Pelayo R. Adult, but not neonatal, human lymphoid progenitors respond to TLR9 ligation by producing functional NK-like cells. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:562-73.e3. [PMID: 24721609 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable progress has been made in characterizing factors controlling lineage fate decisions of primitive progenitors that initiate the lymphoid program in bone marrow. However, the understanding of neonatal/adult differences in environmental signals that influence differentiation pathway stability is still incomplete. Our recent findings suggest that Toll-like receptors provide a mechanism for producing cells of the innate immune system from early stages of lymphoid development in mice. We now show that both human early multilymphoid progenitors and more differentiated lymphoid progenitors from normal adult bone marrow express TLR9. Furthermore, they respond to its ligation by upregulating the expression of IL-15Rβ (CD122) and accelerating the production of functional natural killer (NK)-like cells. Proliferation of the presumed equivalent progenitor cells from umbilical cord blood was stimulated by CpG-containing oligonucleotides or herpes simplex virus, but the already robust NK-cell formation was unchanged. This new information adds to other known differences between neonatal and adult lymphoid progenitors and suggests only the latter replenish innate NK-like cells in response to Toll-like receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Vadillo
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico; National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elisa Dorantes-Acosta
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico; Leukemia Clinic, Federico Gómez Children's Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Arriaga-Pizano
- Immunochemistry Research Unit, Medical Specialties Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonieta Chavez-Gonzalez
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elba Reyes-Maldonado
- National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karla P Garrett
- Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Héctor Mayani
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paul W Kincade
- Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Huang HB, Xiang QH, Wu H, Ansari AR, Wen L, Ge XH, Wang JX, Peng KM, Liu HZ. TLR4 is constitutively expressed in chick thymic epithelial cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 158:182-8. [PMID: 24507560 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Glatman Zaretsky A, Engiles JB, Hunter CA. Infection-induced changes in hematopoiesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:27-33. [PMID: 24363432 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is an important site for the interrelated processes of hematopoiesis, granulopoiesis, erythropoiesis, and lymphopoiesis. A wide variety of microbial challenges are associated with profound changes in this compartment that impact on hematopoietic differentiation and mobilization of a variety of cell types. This article reviews some of the key pathways that control BM homeostasis, the infectious and inflammatory processes that affect the BM, and how addressing the knowledge gaps in this area has the potential to widen our comprehension of immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Glatman Zaretsky
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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