1
|
Mohamed DA, Fouda K, Mabrok HB, El-Shamarka ME, Hamed IM. Sourdough bread as nutritional intervention tool for improvement of cognitive dysfunction in diabetic rats. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:53. [PMID: 38528644 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00861-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current research targeted to study the impact of nutritional intervention by two sourdough breads in improvement of cognitive dysfunction in diabetic rats. METHODS Type-2 diabetes was induced in rats by Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide (STZ-NC). Diabetic rats were fed on balanced diet or balanced diet containing 20% of sourdough bread I or II for a month. Lipid profile, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers and cognitive functions were assessed in all rats. Gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF-2) were assessed in hippocampal tissue, while expression of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK), and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) genes were evaluated in hepatic tissue. Chemical composition and fatty acids profile were evaluated in the prepared sourdough bread. RESULTS Sourdough bread II showed higher content of phenolic compounds, fat, fiber and carbohydrates. Fatty acids profile revealed that sourdough bread I was higher in saturated fatty acids (16.08%), while sourdough bread sample II was higher in unsaturated fatty acids (79.33%). Sourdough bread I or II feeding rats' showed significant improvement in hyperglycemia, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers, lipid profile, liver and kidney functions in association with improvement in cognitive function. Gene expression of BDNF and NRF2 in hippocampal tissue were increased significantly, while hepatic GLUT2 and PEPCK gene expression were down-regulated in diabetic given sourdough bread I or II. CONCLUSION Sourdough bread II was superior in all the studied parameters. The anti-diabetic effect and protection from cognitive dysfunction of sourdough bread samples may be ascribed to the occurrence of dietary fibers, phenolic compounds, and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doha A Mohamed
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Karem Fouda
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hoda B Mabrok
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Marwa E El-Shamarka
- Toxicology and Narcotics Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M Hamed
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li X, Dong X, Zhang L, Zhang S, Huang W, Wang C, Huo Z, Li X, Zhang X, Jia X, Chen G, Kuang B. Astragaloside IV attenuates renal tubule injury in DKD rats via suppression of CD36-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1285797. [PMID: 38572426 PMCID: PMC10987761 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1285797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has emerged as a prominent factor contributing to end-stage renal disease. Tubulointerstitial inflammation and lipid accumulation have been identified as key factors in the development of DKD. Earlier research indicated that Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, controls lipid accumulation, and provides protection to the kidneys. Nevertheless, the mechanisms responsible for its protective effects against DKD have not yet been completely elucidated. Purpose The primary objective of this research was to examine the protective properties of AS-IV against DKD and investigate the underlying mechanism, which involves CD36, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Methods The DKD rat model was created by administering streptozotocin along with a high-fat diet. Subsequently, the DKD rats and palmitic acid (PA)-induced HK-2 cells were treated with AS-IV. Atorvastatin was used as the positive control. To assess the therapeutic effects of AS-IV on DKD, various tests including blood sugar levels, the lipid profile, renal function, and histopathological examinations were conducted. The levels of CD36, ROS, NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β were detected using western blot analysis, PCR, and flow cytometry. Furthermore, adenovirus-mediated CD36 overexpression was applied to explore the underlying mechanisms through in vitro experiments. Results In vivo experiments demonstrated that AS-IV significantly reduced hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, urinary albumin excretion, and serum creatinine levels in DKD rats. Additionally, it improved renal structural abnormalities and suppressed the expression of CD36, NLRP3, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1. In vitro experiments showed that AS-IV decreased CD36 expression, lipid accumulation, and lipid ROS production while inhibiting NLRP3 activation and IL-1β secretion in PA-induced HK-2 cells. Conclusion AS-IV alleviated renal tubule interstitial inflammation and tubule epithelial cell apoptosis in DKD rats by inhibiting CD36-mediated lipid accumulation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangyou Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiying Huang
- Dongguan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
| | - Chao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Huo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Luohu District Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Jia
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gangyi Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Kuang
- Dongguan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qu C, Tan X, Hu Q, Tang J, Wang Y, He C, He Z, Li B, Fu X, Du Q. A systematic review of astragaloside IV effects on animal models of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26863. [PMID: 38439832 PMCID: PMC10909731 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the fastest-growing diseases worldwide; however, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Complications seriously affect the quality of life of patients in the later stages of diabetes, ultimately leading to suffering. Natural small molecules are an important source of antidiabetic agents. Objective Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is an active ingredient of Astragalus mongholicus (Fisch.) Bunge. We reviewed the efficacy and mechanism of action of AS-IV in animal and cellular models of diabetes and the mechanism of action of AS-IV on diabetic complications in animal and cellular models. We also summarized the safety of AS-IV and provided ideas and rationales for its future clinical application. Methods Articles on the intervention in DM and its complications using AS-IV, such as those published in SCIENCE, PubMed, Springer, ACS, SCOPUS, and CNKI from the establishment of the database to February 2022, were reviewed. The following points were systematically summarized: dose/concentration, route of administration, potential mechanisms, and efficacy of AS-IV in animal models of DM and its complications. Results AS-IV has shown therapeutic effects in animal models of DM, such as alleviating gestational diabetes, delaying diabetic nephropathy, preventing myocardial cell apoptosis, and inhibiting vascular endothelial dysfunction; however, the potential effects of AS-IV on DM should be investigated. Conclusion AS-IV is a potential drug for the treatment of diabetes and its complications, including diabetic vascular disease, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and nephropathy. In addition, preclinical toxicity studies indicate that it appears to be safe, but the safe human dose limit is yet to be determined, and formal assessments of adverse drug reactions among humans need to be further investigated. However, additional formulations or structural modifications are required to improve the pharmacokinetic parameters and facilitate the clinical use of AS-IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan Qu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
- Nanjiang County Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Bazhong, 635600, China
| | - Xiyue Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiao Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Caiying He
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - ZiJia He
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xiaoxu Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Quanyu Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610072, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen XY, Wang TT, Shen Q, Ma H, Li ZH, Yu XN, Huang XF, Qing LS, Luo P. Preclinical Investigations on Anti-fibrotic Potential of Long-Term Oral Therapy of Sodium Astragalosidate in Animal Models of Cardiac and Renal Fibrosis. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:421-431. [PMID: 38357273 PMCID: PMC10863439 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine, Radix Astragali has played a vital role in treating progressive fibrotic diseases. One of its main active components, astragaloside IV, is a promising anti-fibrotic treatment despite its extremely low bioavailability. Our study aimed to optimize sodium astragalosidate (SA) by salt formation to improve solubility and oral absorption for anti-fibrotic therapy in vivo. Isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis rat models and obese BKS-db mice presenting diabetic kidney fibrosis were used in this study. Daily oral administration of SA (20 mg/kg) for 14 days ameliorated cardiac fibrosis by reducing collagen accumulation and fibrosis-related inflammatory signals, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. In db/db mice, SA (5,10, and 20 mg/kg per day for 8 weeks) dose-dependently alleviated lipid metabolism impairment and renal dysfunction when administered orally. Furthermore, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses demonstrated that SA treatment inhibited renal fibrosis by suppressing TGF-β1/Smads signaling. Taken together, our findings provide the oral-route medication availability of SA, which thus might offer a novel lead compound in preclinical trial-enabling studies for developing a long-term therapy to treat and prevent fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Chen
- State
Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science
and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- Institute
of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- State
Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science
and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- Chengdu
Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qing Shen
- State
Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science
and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Hao Ma
- State
Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science
and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zhan-Hua Li
- State
Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science
and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Xi-Na Yu
- State
Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science
and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Huang
- Chengdu
Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin-Sen Qing
- Chengdu
Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pei Luo
- State
Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science
and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kong P, Tang X, Liu F, Tang X. Astragaloside IV regulates circ_0001615 and miR-873-5p/LASP1 axis to suppress colorectal cancer cell progression. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14423. [PMID: 38230773 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) has exhibited pivotal anti-cancer efficacy in multiple types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Meanwhile, circular RNA (circRNA) circ_0001615 has been reported to be involved in the malignant development of CRC. Herein, this study is expected to figure out the interaction between circ_0001615 and AS-IV on CRC progression. The 50% inhibition concentration (IC50), proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, and wound healing assays. The expression of related proteins was examined by western blot. Circ_0001615, microRNA-873-5p (miR-873-5p), and LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) levels were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The binding between miR-873-5p and circ_0001615, or LASP1, was predicted by Starbase, followed by verification by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. The biological role of circ_0001615 and AS-IV on CRC tumor growth was detected by the xenograft tumor model in vivo. According to the IC50 of AS-IV in CRC cells, the 100 ng/mL AS-IV treatment for 24 h was chosen for the following research: Our data confirmed that AS-IV is a beneficial anti-cancer agent in CRC cells. Furthermore, circ_0001615 and LASP1 expression were increased, and miR-873-5p was decreased in CRC patients and cell lines, whereas their expression exhibited an opposite trend in AS-IV-treated cells. Functionally, applying AS-IV might act as a beneficial anti-cancer effect by downregulating circ_0001615 in CRC cells in vitro. Mechanically, circ_0001615 serves as a sponge for miR-873-5p to affect LASP1 expression. In addition, AS-IV inhibited CRC cell growth in vivo by modulating circ_0001615. Overall, AS-IV could mitigate CRC development, at least in part, through the circ_0001615/miR-873-5p/LASP1 axis. These findings support a theoretical basis for an in-depth study of the function of AS-IV and the clinical treatment of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Kong
- Department of Anorectal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Anorectal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuegui Tang
- Department of Anorectal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qin S, Chen J, Zhong K, Li D, Peng C. Could Cyclosiversioside F Serve as a Dietary Supplement to Prevent Obesity and Relevant Disorders? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13762. [PMID: 37762063 PMCID: PMC10531328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the basis of numerous metabolic diseases and has become a major public health issue due to its rapidly increasing prevalence. Nevertheless, current obesity therapeutic strategies are not sufficiently effective, so there is an urgent need to develop novel anti-obesity agents. Naturally occurring saponins with outstanding bio-activities have been considered promising drug leads and templates for human diseases. Cyclosiversioside F (CSF) is a paramount multi-functional saponin separated from the roots of the food-medicinal herb Astragali Radix, which possesses a broad spectrum of bioactivities, including lowering blood lipid and glucose, alleviating insulin resistance, relieving adipocytes inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. Recently, the therapeutic potential of CSF in obesity and relevant disorders has been gradually explored and has become a hot research topic. This review highlights the role of CSF in treating obesity and obesity-induced complications, such as diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Remarkably, the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with CSF in disease therapy have been partially elucidated, especially PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, MAPK, apoptotic pathway, TGF-β, NLRP3, Nrf-2, and AMPK, with the aim of promoting the development of CSF as a functional food and providing references for its clinical application in obesity-related disorders therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Su X, Guo H, Zhou Y, Cao A, Shen Q, Zhu B, Yao X, Wang Y, Wang H, Wang L. Astragaloside IV attenuates high glucose-induced NF-κB-mediated inflammation through activation of PI3K/AKT-ERK-dependent Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in glomerular mesangial cells. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4133-4148. [PMID: 37189016 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a key contributor to diabetic kidney disease pathogenesis, including reactive oxidation stress (ROS)-mediated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In this study, we examined the effect of Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) on anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties under high glucose (HG) condition and the potential mechanism in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs). We showed that AS-IV concentration-dependently reduced GMCs proliferation, restrained ROS release and hydrogen peroxide content, and suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as pro-fibrotic factors expression, which were associated with the inhibition of NF-κB and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling activation. Accordingly, both NF-κB overexpression by using RNA plasmid and Nrf2 gene silencing by using RNA interference weakened the ability of AS-IV to ameliorate HG-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell proliferation. Furthermore, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt) and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling pathway regulated the process of AS-IV-induced Nrf2 activation and antioxidant capacity, which evidenced by using PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or ERK inhibitor PD98059 that largely abolished the AS-IV efficacy. Taken together, these results indicated that AS-IV protected against HG-induced GMCs damage by inhibiting ROS/NF-kB-induced increases of inflammatory cytokines, fibrosis biomarkers, and cell proliferation via up-regulation of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzyme expression, which were mediated by PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathway activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Su
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengjiang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aili Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingbing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingmei Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunman Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liang Y, Chen B, Liang D, Quan X, Gu R, Meng Z, Gan H, Wu Z, Sun Y, Liu S, Dou G. Pharmacological Effects of Astragaloside IV: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6118. [PMID: 37630371 PMCID: PMC10458270 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is one of the main active components extracted from the Chinese medicinal herb Astragali and serves as a marker for assessing the herb's quality. AS-IV is a tetracyclic triterpenoid saponin in the form of lanolin ester alcohol and exhibits various biological activities. This review article summarizes the chemical structure of AS-IV, its pharmacological effects, mechanism of action, applications, future prospects, potential weaknesses, and other unexplored biological activities, aiming at an overall analysis. Papers were retrieved from online electronic databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI, and data from studies conducted over the last 10 years on the pharmacological effects of AS-IV as well as its impact were collated. This review focuses on the pharmacological action of AS-IV, such as its anti-inflammatory effect, including suppressing inflammatory factors, increasing T and B lymphocyte proliferation, and inhibiting neutrophil adhesion-associated molecules; antioxidative stress, including scavenging reactive oxygen species, cellular scorching, and regulating mitochondrial gene mutations; neuroprotective effects, antifibrotic effects, and antitumor effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Biqiong Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Di Liang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Quan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
- Scientific Experimental Center of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Ruolan Gu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hui Gan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zhuona Wu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yunbo Sun
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Shuchen Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Guifang Dou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mo Y, Hu D, Yu W, Ji C, Li Y, Liu X, Lu Z. Astragaloside IV attenuates indoxyl sulfate-induced injury of renal tubular epithelial cells by inhibiting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116244. [PMID: 36764562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragalus membranaceus Fisch. ex Bunge has long been used to treat chronic kidney disease (CKD) in China. However, the mechanism of action requires further study. Indoxyl sulfate accumulation is the key cause of CKD progression. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays an essential role in the renal tubular injury induced by indoxyl sulfate (IS). AIM We explored the effects of Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a minor component of the flowering perennial Astragalus membranaceus Fisch. ex Bunge, on AhR activity during IS-induced injury of renal tubular epithelial cells. METHODS C57BL/6 mice fed a 0.2% adenine diet (adenine + IS) and intraperitoneally injected with IS were used to study the protective effects of AS-IV, and specifically the effect on the AhR. In addition, apoptosis (annexin/PI), oxidative stress and the AhR pathway were investigated in IS-stimulated HK-2 cells treated with AS-IV. The binding of AS-IV to the AhR was assessed in a molecular docking analysis. AhR knockdown using AhR siRNA allowed determination of the effects of AS-IV in IS-stimulated HK-2 cells. RESULTS AS-IV inhibited tubulointerstitial injury in adenine + IS mice. While AS-IV did not reduce serum IS levels, it did inhibit AhR expression in the kidney. In IS-stimulated HK-2 cells, AS-IV also dramatically reduced apoptosis, decreased oxidative stress responses and inhibited the expression of the AhR pathway. The molecular docking analysis showed surface binding of AS-IV to the AhR. Following AhR knockdown in HK-2 cells, IS-induced apoptosis was reduced and could not be further reduced by AS-IV. CONCLUSION By targeting the AhR, AS-IV may alleviate IS-induced renal tubular injury, thus offering a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of chronic renal failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yenan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Nephrology Department, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanlin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xusheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhaoyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He J, Cui J, Shi Y, Wang T, Xin J, Li Y, Shan X, Zhu Z, Gao Y. Astragaloside IV Attenuates High-Glucose-Induced Impairment in Diabetic Nephropathy by Increasing Klotho Expression via the NF- κB/NLRP3 Axis. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:7423661. [PMID: 37261217 PMCID: PMC10228232 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7423661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Deficiencies in klotho are implicated in various kidney dysfunctions including diabetic nephropathy (DN) related to inflammatory responses. Klotho is closely related to inflammatory responses and is a potential target for ameliorating kidney failure. Pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell death, is reported to take part in DN pathogenesis recently. This study is aimed at exploring whether and how klotho inhibited podocyte pyroptosis and whether astragaloside IV (AS-IV) protect podocyte through the regulation of klotho. Materials and Methods SD rat model of DN and conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes exposed to high glucose were treated with AS-IV. Biochemical assays and morphological examination, cell viability assay, cell transfection, phalloidin staining, ELISA, LDH release assay, SOD and MDA detection, MMP assay, ROS level detection, flow cytometry analysis, TUNEL staining assay, PI/Hoechst 33342 staining, immunofluorescence assay, and western blot were performed to elucidate podocyte pyroptosis and to observe the renal morphology. Results The treatment of AS-IV can improve renal function and protect podocytes exposed to high glucose. Klotho was decreased, and AS-IV increased klotho levels in serum and kidney tissue of DN rats as well as podocytes exposed to high glucose. AS-IV can inhibit DN glomeruli pyroptosis in vivo. In vitro, overexpressed klotho and treatment with AS-IV inhibited pyroptosis of podocytes cultured in high glucose. Klotho knockdown promoted podocyte pyroptosis, and treatment with AS-IV reversed this effect. Furthermore, the overexpression of klotho and AS-IV reduces oxidative stress levels and inhibited NF-κB activation and NLRP3-mediated podocytes' pyroptosis which was abolished by klotho knockdown. In addition, both the ROS inhibitor NAC and the NF-κB pathway inhibitor PDTC can inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation. NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 can inhibit pyroptosis of podocytes exposed to high glucose. Conclusion Altogether, our results demonstrate that the protective effect of AS-IV in upregulating klotho expression in diabetes-induced podocyte injury is associated with the inhibition of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis via the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin He
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Junyan Xin
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yimeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Shan
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyao Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gao Y, Su X, Xue T, Zhang N. The beneficial effects of astragaloside IV on ameliorating diabetic kidney disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114598. [PMID: 37150034 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the major cause of chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease. There is still a need for innovative treatment strategies for preventing, arresting, treating, and reversing DKD, and a plethora of scientific evidence has revealed that Chinese herbal monomers can attenuate DKD in multiple ways. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is one of the active ingredients of Astragalus membranaceus and was selected as a chemical marker in the Chinese Pharmacopeia for quality control purposes. An increasing amount of studies indicate that AS-IV is a promising novel drug for the treatment of DKD. AS-IV has been shown to improve DKD by combating oxidative stress, attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress, regulating calcium homeostasis, alleviating inflammation, improving vascular function, improving epithelial to mesenchymal transition and so on. This review briefly summarizes the pathogenesis of DKD, systematically reviews the mechanisms by which AS-IV improves DKD, and aims to facilitate related pharmacological research and development to promote the utilization of Chinese herbal monomers in DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Gao
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xin Su
- Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Taiqi Xue
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Zhao Y, Liu C, Zhang X, Yan X. Angelica polysaccharide alleviates TNF-α-induced MIN6 cell damage a through the up-regulation microRNA-143. BioFactors. 2022;49:200. https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.1588 This article, published online on 20 November 2019 in Wiley Online Library, has been retracted by agreement between the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Editor in Chief (Dr. Angelo Azzi), and Wiley Periodicals LLC. The retraction has been agreed following an investigation based on allegations raised by a third party. Evidence for image manipulation was found in figures 1, 2, 4, and 5. As a result, the conclusions of this article are considered to be invalid.
Collapse
|
13
|
Li L, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Meng X, Pan G, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhang B. The Molecular Basis of the Anti-Inflammatory Property of Astragaloside IV for the Treatment of Diabetes and Its Complications. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:771-790. [PMID: 36925998 PMCID: PMC10013573 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s399423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragali Radix is a significant traditional Chinese medication, and has a long history of clinical application in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. AS-IV is an active saponin isolated from it. Modern pharmacological study shows that AS-IV has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and immunomodulatory activities. The popular inflammatory etiology of diabetes suggests that DM is a natural immune and low-grade inflammatory disease. Pharmacological intervention of the inflammatory response may provide promising and alternative approaches for the prevention and treatment of DM and its complications. Therefore, this article focuses on the potential of AS-IV in the treatment of DM from the perspective of an anti-inflammatory molecular basis. AS-IV plays a role by regulating a variety of anti-inflammatory pathways in multiple organs, tissues and target cells throughout the body. The blockade of the NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway may be the central link of AS-IV's anti-inflammatory effect, resulting in a reduction in the tissue structure and function damage stimulated by inflammatory factors. In addition, AS-IV can delay the onset of DM and its complications by inhibiting inflammation-related oxidative stress, fibrosis and apoptosis signals. In conclusion, AS-IV has therapeutic prospects from the perspective of reducing the inflammation of DM and its complications. An in-depth study on the anti-inflammatory mechanism of AS-IV is of great significance for the effective use of Chinese herbal medicine and the promotion of its status and influence on the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudan Luo
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghui Meng
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixiang Pan
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300250, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Boli Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hu Q, Jiang L, Yan Q, Zeng J, Ma X, Zhao Y. A natural products solution to diabetic nephropathy therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108314. [PMID: 36427568 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common complications in diabetes. It has been shown to be the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. However, due to their complex pathological mechanisms, effective therapeutic drugs other than angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), which have been used for 20 years, have not been developed so far. Recent studies have shown that diabetic nephropathy is characterized by multiple signalling pathways and multiple targets, including inflammation, apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and their interactions. It definitely exacerbates the difficulty of therapy, but at the same time it also brings out the chance for natural products treatment. In the most recent two decades, a large number of natural products have displayed their potential in preclinical studies and a few compounds are under invetigation in clinical trials. Hence, many compounds targeting these singals have been emerged as a comprehensive blueprint for treating strategy of diabetic nephropathy. This review focuses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of natural prouducts that alleviate this condition, including preclinical studies and clinical trials, which will provide new insights into the treatment of diabetic nephropathy and suggest novel ideas for new drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang Y, Xu G, Huang B, Chen D, Ye R. Astragaloside IV Regulates Insulin Resistance and Inflammatory Response of Adipocytes via Modulating CTRP3 and PI3K/AKT Signaling. Diabetes Ther 2022; 13:1823-1834. [PMID: 36103112 PMCID: PMC9663774 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-022-01312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging evidence showed that adipocytes are important regulators in controlling insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). So far, compounds isolated from natural plants have been widely studied for their roles in alleviating T2DM-associated complications. This work evaluated the actions of astragaloside IV (AS-IV) on insulin resistance and inflammatory biomarker expression in adipocytes and explored the potential mechanisms. METHODS Glucose consumption of the adipocytes was determined by a glucose assay kit; the mRNA expression levels of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), TNF-α and C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP3) were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR); the protein levels were determined by western blot assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS AS-IV concentration-dependently increased glucose consumption in the insulin resistance adipocytes. Further qRT-PCR results showed that AS-IV concentration-dependently reduced adipocyte IL-6 and TNF-α expression. Moreover, GLUT-4 expression in adipocytes was also significantly upregulated by AS-IV. Furthermore, we found that AS-IV concentration-dependently increased CTRP3 expression in adipocytes. CTRP3 silence decreased glucose consumption, upregulated IL-6 and TNF-α expression and downregulated GLUT-4 mRNA expression in 200 µM AS-IV-treated adipocytes. Moreover, AS-IV treatment enhanced the activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling in adipocytes, which was markedly attenuated by CTRP3 silencing. Importantly, inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling also attenuated AS-IV induced an increase in glucose consumption and GLUT-4 expression and a decrease in IL-6 and TNF-α expression of adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data indicated that AS-IV attenuated insulin resistance and inflammation in adipocytes via targeting CTRP3/PI3K/Akt signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Endocriology, Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518100 China
| | - Guangning Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Shekou People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baoyi Huang
- Department of Endocriology, Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518100 China
| | - Dongni Chen
- Department of Endocriology, Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518100 China
| | - Renqun Ye
- Department of Endocriology, Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518100 China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lou Z, Li Q, Wang C, Li Y. The effects of microRNA-126 reduced inflammation and apoptosis of diabetic nephropathy through PI3K/AKT signalling pathway by VEGF. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1265-1274. [PMID: 32449863 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1767146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression microarray and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the expression of miR-126. In model of diabetic nephropathy, we demonstrated that miR-126 expression was down-regulated, compared with control group. Down-expression of miR-126 promoted cell apoptosis and increased inflammation (as indicated by the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α) of diabetic nephropathy in vitro. miR-126 over-expression led to significant inhibition of cell apoptosis and suppressed inflammation (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α). However, the down-expression of miR-126 suppressed the protein expression of VEGF, PI3K and p-AKT in diabetic nephropathy in vitro. On the contrary, over-expression of miR-126 induced the protein expression of VEGF, PI3K and p-AKT in diabetic nephropathy in vitro. The inhibition of VEGF increased the effect of miR-126 down-expression on apoptosis and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy in vitro. We investigated the specific function of miR-126 in patients with diabetic nephropathy and its possible mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lou
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiaobei Li
- Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinyan Li
- Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Fu J. Astragaloside IV supplementation attenuates cognitive impairment by inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1004557. [PMID: 36247985 PMCID: PMC9557080 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1004557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although diabetic cognitive impairment is one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), optimized therapeutic strategies are not available yet. Astragalosides IV (AS-IV) is a traditional Chinese medicine possessing diverse pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the effects of AS-IV on diabetes-related cognitive impairment and its precise mechanisms remain largely unknown. T2DM mice, induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and an intraperitoneal injection of low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) were administrated with AS-IV every other day for eight consecutive weeks. Learning and memory abilities were assessed subsequently using the Ymaze test and the anxious behavior was evaluated using an open field test. Then, the morphology and number of neurons and microglia were observed by HE staining or immunohistochemistry. Oxidative stress biomarkers and pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined using relevant kits. In addition, the expression levels of Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, and NQO1 were determined by Western blot analyses. The results indicated that AS-IV administration significantly improved neuronal damage and cognitive deficit in T2DM mice. Meanwhile, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation were also ameliorated in T2DM mice, which might be attributed to the regulation of Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1/NQO1 pathway in T2DM mice. Taken together, these data suggested that AS-IV ameliorates cognitive impairment in T2DM mice by attenuating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, possibly through modulating the Nrf2/Keap1/HO1/NQO1 pathway.
Collapse
|
18
|
Shao G, Liu Y, Lu L, Zhang G, Zhou W, Wu T, Wang L, Xu H, Ji G. The Pathogenesis of HCC Driven by NASH and the Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Natural Products. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:944088. [PMID: 35873545 PMCID: PMC9301043 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.944088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a clinical syndrome with pathological changes that are similar to those of alcoholic hepatitis without a history of excessive alcohol consumption. It is a specific form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that is characterized by hepatocyte inflammation based on hepatocellular steatosis. Further exacerbation of NASH can lead to cirrhosis, which may then progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There is a lack of specific and effective treatments for NASH and NASH-driven HCC, and the mechanisms of the progression of NASH to HCC are unclear. Therefore, there is a need to understand the pathogenesis and progression of these diseases to identify new therapeutic approaches. Currently, an increasing number of studies are focusing on the utility of natural products in NASH, which is likely to be a promising prospect for NASH. This paper reviews the possible mechanisms of the pathogenesis and progression of NASH and NASH-derived HCC, as well as the potential therapeutic role of natural products in NASH and NASH-derived HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxuan Shao
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangtao Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanchen Xu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hanchen Xu, , ; Guang Ji, ,
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hanchen Xu, , ; Guang Ji, ,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao ZH, Xu M, Fu C, Huang Y, Wang TH, Zuo ZF, Liu XZ. A Mechanistic Exploratory Study on the Therapeutic Efficacy of Astragaloside IV Against Diabetic Retinopathy Revealed by Network Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903485. [PMID: 35814228 PMCID: PMC9257082 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, which nearly happens to all the diabetic sufferers. This study aims to identify the preliminary molecular regulation involved in the therapeutic efficacy of astragaloside IV (AS- IV) for DR. Methods: Diabetic rat models were established and treated with AS-IV. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was employed to demonstrate the histopathological changes. The main targets of AS-IV were identified by searching from public databases of traditional Chinese medicine (GeneCards, PharmMapper and Swiss Target Prediction). Besides, disease targets of DR were also obtained by integrated data from GEO datasets and predicted from public databases. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by Cytoscape with overlapping genes and 10 core targets were selected, on which Gene Ontology (GO) along with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were conducted. The interaction between AS-IV and these crucial genes were analyzed using molecular docking. RT-qPCR and western blot were used to verify the expression variation of core targets. Results: OCT imaging and HE staining demonstrated that AS-IV administration significantly increased retinal thickness in diabetic rats, obviously alleviating DR induced histopathological changes as well as elevated blood glucose levels. 107 common targets of AS-IV and DR were determined after intersection. PPI network analysis filtered 10 hub genes potentially targeted by AS-IV, including VEGFA, CASP3, HIF1α, STAT3, CTNNB1, SRC, AKT1, EGFR, IL1β and IL6. Enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were mainly enriched in biological processes like T cell activation, epithelial cell proliferation and protein kinase B signaling, and involved in oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation-related pathways. The molecular docking prediction suggested that AS-IV exhibited stable binding to these core targets. In addition, mRNA levels of core targets in diabetic rats were differentially expressed before and after AS-IV treatment. Western blot further revealed that AS-IV treatment elevated DR-depressed protein levels of PI3K and AKT. Conclusion: Our study elucidated the effect of AS-IV in attenuating retinopathy induced by diabetes in rats and preliminarily unveiled the therapeutic efficacy of AS-IV in the treatment of DR might be attributed to activation of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Cong Fu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory Animal Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Ting-Hua Wang, ; Zhong-Fu Zuo, ; Xue-Zheng Liu,
| | - Zhong-Fu Zuo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ting-Hua Wang, ; Zhong-Fu Zuo, ; Xue-Zheng Liu,
| | - Xue-Zheng Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ting-Hua Wang, ; Zhong-Fu Zuo, ; Xue-Zheng Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Er-Chen Decoction Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats through Remodeling Gut Microbiota and Regulating the Serum Metabolism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6221340. [PMID: 35399623 PMCID: PMC8991405 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6221340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have found that the dysfunction in gut microbiota and the metabolic dysfunction can promote nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Er-Chen decoction (EC) can be used in the treatment of NAFLD. However, the mechanism of this hepatoprotection is still unknown. In this study, we constructed a rat model with NAFLD fed with high-fat chow and administered EC treatment. The therapeutic effects of EC on NAFLD were evaluated by measuring transaminases, blood lipid levels, and pathological changes in the liver. In addition, we measured the effects of EC on liver inflammatory response and oxidative stress. The changes in gut microbiota after EC treatment were studied using 16S rRNA sequencing. Serum untargeted metabolomics analysis was also used to study the metabolic regulatory mechanisms of EC on NAFLD. The results showed that EC decreased the serum transaminases and lipid levels and improved the pathological changes in NAFLD rats. Furthermore, EC enhanced the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA level in the liver. EC treatment also decreased the gene and protein levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the liver and serum. The 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics indicated that EC treatment affected the gut microbiota and regulated serum metabolism. Correlation analysis showed that the effects of EC on taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and vitamin B6 metabolism pathways were associated with affecting in the abundance of Lactobacillus, Dubosiella, Lachnospiraceae, Desulfovibri, Romboutsia, Akkermansia, Intestinimonas, and Candidatus_saccharimonas in the gut. In conclusion, our study confirmed the protective effect of EC on NAFLD. EC could treat NAFLD by inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing inflammatory responses, and improving the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and the modulation of the taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and vitamin B6 metabolism pathways in serum.
Collapse
|
21
|
Tian H, Wang T, Zhang Y, Pan T, Yao S, Yu H, Ma K, Wang S. Astragaloside IV protects against C/EBP homologous protein-mediated apoptosis in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-treated macrophages by promoting autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 923:174912. [PMID: 35339476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Astragaloside Ⅳ (AS-Ⅳ) is one of the main active components extracted from Astragalus membranaceus that exerts an antiatherosclerotic effect. Our study explored the underlying anti-apoptotic effects and the mechanisms of action of AS-Ⅳ in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-stimulated macrophages and in vulnerable plaques. The results showed that AS-Ⅳ lowered the oxLDL-induced lipid content and reversed the oxLDL-induced reduction in cell viability and elevation in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and apoptosis in RAW264.7 macrophages, similar to the effects of 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA, an ER stress inhibitor). In addition, consistent with the effect exerted by PBA, AS-Ⅳ inhibited oxLDL-triggered ER stress activation by decreasing the level of inositol-requiring enzyme1 phosphorylation and transcription factor 6 nuclear translocation and upregulating the protein and mRNA expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GPR78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). As expected, autophagy activation was induced by AS-IV, evidenced by increased expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-Ⅱ (LC3-Ⅱ), autophagy-related gene 5, and beclin-1 in macrophages. Furthermore, after pretreatment with 3-methyladenine and beclin-1 small interfering RNA, the inhibitory role played by AS-Ⅳ in oxLDL-induced ER stress-CHOP-mediated macrophage apoptosis was weakened, while its inhibitory effect was further enhanced by rapamycin pretreatment. Moreover, administration of AS-Ⅳ or rapamycin to Apoe-/- mice upregulated LC3-Ⅱ expression and collagen content but decreased CHOP expression, macrophage apoptosis, and lipid areas. Overall, by promoting autophagy, AS-Ⅳ effectively protects macrophages from oxLDL-induced apoptosis mediated by ER stress-CHOP, which may reinforce the stability of atherosclerotic plaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Follow-up Visit, Binzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Binzhou, 256610, Shandong, China
| | - Tianqi Pan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Shutong Yao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Huayun Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Ke Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Shijun Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Péter B, Boldizsár I, Kovács GM, Erdei A, Bajtay Z, Vörös A, Ramsden JJ, Szabó I, Bősze S, Horvath R. Natural Compounds as Target Biomolecules in Cellular Adhesion and Migration: From Biomolecular Stimulation to Label-Free Discovery and Bioactivity-Based Isolation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1781. [PMID: 34944597 PMCID: PMC8698624 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants and fungi can be used for medical applications because of their accumulation of special bioactive metabolites. These substances might be beneficial to human health, exerting also anti-inflammatory and anticancer (antiproliferative) effects. We propose that they are mediated by influencing cellular adhesion and migration via various signaling pathways and by directly inactivating key cell adhesion surface receptor sites. The evidence for this proposition is reviewed (by summarizing the natural metabolites and their effects influencing cellular adhesion and migration), along with the classical measuring techniques used to gain such evidence. We systematize existing knowledge concerning the mechanisms of how natural metabolites affect adhesion and movement, and their role in gene expression as well. We conclude by highlighting the possibilities to screen natural compounds faster and more easily by applying new label-free methods, which also enable a far greater degree of quantification than the conventional methods used hitherto. We have systematically classified recent studies regarding the effects of natural compounds on cellular adhesion and movement, characterizing the active substances according to their organismal origin (plants, animals or fungi). Finally, we also summarize the results of recent studies and experiments on SARS-CoV-2 treatments by natural extracts affecting mainly the adhesion and entry of the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Péter
- Nanobiosensorics Group, Research Centre for Energy Research, Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege u 29-33, 1120 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (R.H.)
| | - Imre Boldizsár
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.B.); (G.M.K.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor M. Kovács
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.B.); (G.M.K.)
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Erdei
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.E.); (Z.B.)
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Bajtay
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.E.); (Z.B.)
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Vörös
- Nanobiosensorics Group, Research Centre for Energy Research, Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege u 29-33, 1120 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (R.H.)
| | - Jeremy J. Ramsden
- Clore Laboratory, University of Buckingham, Buckingham MK18 1EG, UK;
| | - Ildikó Szabó
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.S.); (S.B.)
- National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2-6, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.S.); (S.B.)
- National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2-6, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics Group, Research Centre for Energy Research, Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege u 29-33, 1120 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (R.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li B, Yu J, Liu P, Zeng T, Zeng X. Astragaloside IV protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia injury via HIF-1α and the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1435. [PMID: 34733987 PMCID: PMC8506767 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Hypoxia is an important cause of myocardial injury due to the heart’s high susceptibility to hypoxia. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is the main component of Astragalus membranaceus and could exert cardiac protective role. Here, the effect of AS-IV on hypoxia-injured H9c2 cardiomyocytes was elucidated. Methods First, H9c2 cells were exposed to hypoxia and/or AS-IV treatment. Cell apoptosis, death, and viability as well as hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression and apoptotic proteins were analyzed. Next, transfection of si-HIF-1α into H9c2 cells was carried out to test whether upregulation and stabilization of HIF-1α influences the effect of AS-IV on hypoxia-treated H9c2 cells. Furthermore, the regulatory role of Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling on HIF-1α levels was examined. Results Hypoxia suppressed viability and promoted the apoptosis and death of H9c2 cells. AS-IV eliminated hypoxia-induced H9c2 injury. Moreover, HIF-1α signaling was further activated and stabilized by AS-IV in hypoxia-challenged H9c2 cells. Downregulation of HIF-1α suppressed the function of AS-IV in hypoxia-challenged H9c2 cells. AS-IV promoted JAK2/STAT3 signaling in hypoxia-induced injury. The beneficial functions of AS-IV in hypoxia-exposed H9c2 cells were linked to HIF-1α upregulation and JAK2/STAT3 signaling activation. Conclusions AS-IV relieved H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury after hypoxia, possibly by activating JAK2/STAT3-mediated HIF-1α signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Junjian Yu
- Cardiovascular and Thoracis Surgery Department 2, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Taohui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xueliang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abd Elkader HTAE, Abdou HM, Khamiss OA, Essawy AE. Anti-anxiety and antidepressant-like effects of astragaloside IV and saponins extracted from Astragalus spinosus against the bisphenol A-induced motor and cognitive impairments in a postnatal rat model of schizophrenia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:35171-35187. [PMID: 33666843 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical endocrine disruptor to which humans are often exposed in daily life. Postnatal administration of BPA results in schizophrenia (SCZ)-like behaviours in rats. The present study was designed to elucidate whether treatment with astragaloside IV (ASIV) or saponins extracted from Astragalus spinosus improves the neurobehavioural and neurochemical disturbances induced by BPA. Fifty-two juvenile (PND20) male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups. The rats in Group I were considered the control rats, while the rats in Group II were orally administered BPA (125 mg/kg) daily from PND20 to adult age (PND117). The rats in the third and fourth groups were administered BPA (125 mg/kg/day) supplemented with astragaloside IV (80 mg/kg/d) on PND20 or A. spinosus saponins (100 mg/kg/d) from PND50 to PND117, respectively. Administration of ASIV and saponins extracted from Astragalus spinosus reversed the anxiogenic and depressive-like behaviours and the social defects that were observed in the rats treated with BPA alone. Additionally, these compounds improved memory impairments, restored dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and monoamine oxidase (MAO-A) levels and normalized Tph2 mRNA expression towards the control values. Taken together, it can be concluded that orally administered ASIV and A. spinosus saponins exhibit neuroprotective effects and that these compounds can be used as therapeutic strategies against BPA-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms in a rat model of SCZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heba Mohamed Abdou
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Omaima Ahmed Khamiss
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Sadat City University, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Amina Essawy Essawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Qiu Y, Qiu Y, Yao GM, Luo C, Zhang C. Natural product therapies in chronic kidney diseases: An update. Nephrol Ther 2021; 18:75-79. [PMID: 34187761 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is one of the major worldwide public health problems. Traditional Chinese medications have been widely used for chronic kidney disease treatment. As the development of modern phytochemistry technology, natural products have been isolated from traditional Chinese medications, which provide a more precise method for the investigation of traditional Chinese medications. In this article, we selected eight natural products from traditional Chinese medications for chronic kidney disease therapy to summarize the recent advances for the development of new medications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qiu
- Department of nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Department of nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guang-Min Yao
- Hubei Key laboratory of natural medicinal chemistry and resource evaluation, School of pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Changqing Luo
- Department of nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li Q, Ge C, Tan J, Sun Y, Kuang Q, Dai X, Zhong S, Yi C, Hu LF, Lou DS, Xu M. Juglanin protects against high fat diet-induced renal injury by suppressing inflammation and dyslipidemia via regulating NF-κB/HDAC3 signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107340. [PMID: 33667999 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an important factor implicated in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Juglanin (Jug) is a natural compound extracted from the crude Polygonumaviculare, showing anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. However, whether Jug has protective effects against obesity-induced renal injury, little has been investigated. Herein, we attempted to explore the potential of Jug in mediating obesity-induced kidney disease in high fat diet (HFD)-challenged mice. Our results suggested that chronic HFD feeding markedly increased the body weights of mice compared to the ones fed with normal chow diet (NCD), along with significant glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. However, these metabolic disorders induced by HFD were effectively alleviated by Jug treatments in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, HFD-challenged mice showed apparent histopathological changes in renal tissues with significant collagen accumulation, which were attenuated by Jug supplementation. In addition, Jug treatment decreased the expression levels of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), while increased nephrin and podocin expression levels in kidney of HFD-challenged mice, improving the renal dysfunction. Furthermore, HFD led to lipid deposition in kidney samples of mice by enhancing abnormal lipid metabolism. In addition, HFD promoted the releases of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, and enhanced the renal inflammation by activating nuclear factor-kappa B/histone deacetylase 3 (NF-κB/HDAC3) signaling. HFD-induced dyslipidemia and inflammation were considerably abrogated by Jug administration in mice. The protective effects of Jug against renal injury were confirmed in palmitate (PA)-stimulated HK2 cells in vitro mainly through suppressing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and HDAC3, repressing inflammation and lipid accumulation eventually. Hence, Jug could ameliorate HFD-induced kidney injury mainly through blocking the NF-κB/HDAC3 nuclear translocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Chenxu Ge
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.
| | - Yan Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Qin Kuang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Xianling Dai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Shaoyu Zhong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Chao Yi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Lin-Feng Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - De-Shuai Lou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Minxuan Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jiang ZB, Gao J, Chai YH, Li W, Luo YF, Chen YZ. Astragaloside alleviates alcoholic fatty liver disease by suppressing oxidative stress. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:718-729. [PMID: 33973356 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) is the most common liver disease and can progress to fatal liver cirrhosis and carcinoma, affecting millions of patients worldwide. The functions of astragaloside on the cardiovascular system have been elucidated. However, its role in AFLD is unclear. Ethanol-treated AML-12 cells were used as a cell model of alcoholic fatty liver. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting detected genes and proteins expressions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, albumin, ferritin, bilirubin, superoxide dismutase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were examined using commercial kits. Lipid accumulation was assessed by Oil red O staining. MTT and flow cytometry measured cell viability and apoptosis. JC-1 was used to analyze mitochondrial membrane potential. A rat model of AFLD was established by treating rats with ethanol. Astragaloside suppressed ethanol-induced lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and the production of AST and ALT in AML-12 cells. Ethanol induced TNF-α and reduced IL-10 expression, which were reversed by astragaloside. Ethanol promoted Bax expression and cytochrome C release and inhibited Bcl-2 and ATP expression. Astragaloside hampered these apoptosis effects in AML-12 cells. Impaired mitochondrial membrane potential was recovered by astragaloside. However, all these astragaloside-mediated beneficial effects were abolished by the ROS inducer pyocyanin. Ethanol-induced activation of NF-κB signaling was suppressed by astragaloside in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that astragaloside inhibited oxidative stress by suppressing the activation of NF-κB signaling, thus improving liver function and alleviating AFLD in rats. Our study elucidates the pharmacological mechanism of astragaloside and provides potential therapeutic strategies for AFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bin Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi-Hui Chai
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yun-Feng Luo
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Chen
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jiang C, Zhou Z, Lin Y, Shan H, Xia W, Yin F, Wang N, Zhou L, Gao Y, Yu X. Astragaloside IV ameliorates steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by repolarizing the phenotype of pro-inflammatory macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107345. [PMID: 33563553 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ON-FH) is a common complication of steroid use. Pro-inflammatory macrophages play a crucial role in the apoptosis of osteocytes. The objective of the study was to evaluate a plant extract astragaloside IV (AS-IV) in treating ON-FN. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), IFN-γ or IL-4 to induce M1 and M2-like phenotypes. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to examine M1 and M2 phenotypic markers. Flow cytometry was used to analyze MHC II, CD206, F4/80, and CD11b levels and cell apoptosis. Glucocorticoid was used to induce ON-FN in mice. TNF-α and IL-1β levels in femoral head were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AS-IV repolarized macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotypes. Culture medium from AS-IV treated M1 macrophages induced less cell apoptosis osteocytes compared to that from untreated M1 macrophages. In ON-FH mice, the ratio of M1 macrophages was decreased in the femoral head by AS-IV, concomitant with a decrease in TNF-α and IL-1β levels. AS-IV is effective in alleviating ON-FH through its effects in repolarizing macrophages from M1-like phenotype to M2-like phenotype, promoting survival of osteocytes, reducing arthritic symptoms, and decreasing inflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaolai Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zubin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yiwei Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Haojie Shan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wenyang Xia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Fuli Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lihui Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangshan First People's Hospital, Ningbo 315700, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youshui Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaowei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chu L, Ma S, Chen Z, Cao W. Astragalus Ⅳ ameliorates the dry eye injury in rabbit model <em>via</em> MUC1-ErbB1 pathway. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 33792228 PMCID: PMC8054568 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of astragaloside IV on a rabbits dry eye model induced by benzalkonium chloride (BAC) was examined. In our study, a BAC-induced dry eye rabbit model was treated with eye drops containing astragaloside IV (5, 10 μM) or solvent four times a day. The clinical evaluations, such as tear break-up time (BUT) and Schirmer tear test (STT), were performed on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. On day 28, the cornea and bulbar conjunctiva tissues (left eye and right eye) were collected with histology, and immunofluorescent staining conducted. The levels of MUC1 and ErbB1in the corneas were determined by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and the proteins levels of MUC1 and ErbB1 were detected by Western blot. It was demonstrated that both astragaloside IV (5, 10 μM) treatments resulted in an increased STT and BUT on days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Additionally, the astragaloside IV (5, 10 μM)-treated group showed increasing PAS-positive goblet cells than model group (0 μM). Moreover, the MUC1 in model group (0 μM) was decreased, while the expression of MUC1 in astragaloside IV (5, 10 μM) group was increased. Furthermore, astragaloside IV had a protective effect on BAC-induced rabbits' dry eye and demonstrated clinical improvements, which indicated that astragaloside IV served as a potential protective agent in the clinical treatment of dry eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chu
- Chongqing Medical University, Jiulongpo District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing.
| | - Suhong Ma
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan.
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing.
| | - Wenfu Cao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Leng YR, Zhang MH, Luo JG, Zhang H. Pathogenesis of NASH and Promising Natural Products. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:12-27. [PMID: 33516448 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common clinical condition that can lead to advanced liver diseases. The mechanism of the diaease progression, which is lacking effective therapy, remains obsure. Therefore, there is a need to understand the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for disease development and progression in order to develop innovative therapies. To accomplish this goal, experimental animal models that recapitulate the human disease are necessary. Currently, an increasing number of studies have focused on natural constituents from medicinal plants which have been emerged as a new hope for NASH. This review summarized the pathogenesis of NASH, animal models commonly used, and the promising targets for therapeutics. We also reviewed the natural constituents as potential NASH therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Rong Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mei-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian-Guang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Qader M, Xu J, Yang Y, Wu X, Liu Y, Cao S. Chemistry Behind the Immunomodulatory Activity of Astragalus membranaceus. CHINESE MEDICINE AND CULTURE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/cmac.cmac_40_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
32
|
Li D, Li G, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Gao D, Sun L, Liu B. Astragaloside IV protects ATDC5 cells from lipopolysaccharide-caused damage through regulating miR-203/MyD88. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:89-97. [PMID: 31906765 PMCID: PMC6968705 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1705355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Context: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative arthrosis sickness. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) functions by relieving inflammatory damage.Objective: We aimed to investigate the mechanism by which AS-IV protects ATD cells from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced damage.Materials and methods: ATDC5 cells were transfected with miR-203 inhibitor and NC inhibitor (150 nM) or pEX-MyD88 and sh-MyD88 (50 nM) for 48 h, pre-treated by 15 μg/mL AS-IV for 24 h, then treated by 5 μg/mL LPS for 12 h. Dual-luciferase activity testing was used to determine whether miR-203 could bind to MyD88. CCK-8 and flow cytometry were used to detect cell activity and apoptosis, respectively, and qRT-PCR, western blots, and ELISA were performed to detect expression levels of miR-203 and inflammatory cytokines.Results: Based on the 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50), there was no significant difference of AS-IV (0 to 15 μg/mL) on cell viability. Fifteen μg/mL was the optimal concentration of AS-IV in treating LPS-induced inflammatory damage in subsequent experiments since this was a semi-lethal concentration. AS-IV significantly reduces LPS-induced viability, apoptosis and the release of TNF-α, IL-6 and iNOS mainly through up-regulating miR-203. Further, MyD88 was a target gene of miR-203 and negatively regulated by miR-203. Knockdown of MyD88 inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory damage by inhibiting the NF-κB signal pathway.Discussion and conclusions: AS-IV protects ATDC5 cells against LPS-induced damage mainly via regulating miR-203/MyD88. Our results support a theoretical basis for in-depth study of the function of AS-IV and the clinical cure of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Jilin City Central Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Guangcheng Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Jilin City Central Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Jilin City Central Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Jilin City Central Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Jilin City Central Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Dexuan Gao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Jilin City Central Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Linglong Sun
- Department of Sports Medicine, Jilin City Central Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Jilin City Central Hospital, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sahukari R, Punabaka J, Bhasha S, Ganjikunta VS, Ramudu SK, Kesireddy SR. Plant Compounds for the Treatment of Diabetes, a Metabolic Disorder: NF-κB as a Therapeutic Target. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4955-4969. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200730221035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The prevalence of diabetes in the world population hás reached 8.8 % and is expected to
rise to 10.4% by 2040. Hence, there is an urgent need for the discovery of drugs against therapeutic targets to
sojourn its prevalence. Previous studies proved that NF-κB serves as a central agent in the development of diabetic
complications.
Objectives:
This review intended to list the natural plant compounds that would act as inhibitors of NF-κB signalling
in different organs under the diabetic condition with their possible mechanism of action.
Methods:
Information on NF-κB, diabetes, natural products, and relation in between them, was gathered from
scientific literature databases such as Pubmed, Medline, Google scholar, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley online
library.
Results and Conclusion:
NF-κB plays a crucial role in the development of diabetic complications because of its
link in the expression of genes that are responsible for organs damage such as kidney, brain, eye, liver, heart,
muscle, endothelium, adipose tissue and pancreas by inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Activation of
PPAR-α, SIRT3/1, and FXR through many cascades by plant compounds such as terpenoids, iridoids, flavonoids,
alkaloids, phenols, tannins, carbohydrates, and phytocannabinoids recovers diabetic complications. These compounds
also exhibit the prevention of NF-κB translocation into the nucleus by inhibiting NF-κB activators, such
as VEGFR, RAGE and TLR4 receptors, which in turn, prevent the activation of many genes involved in tissue
damage. Current knowledge on the treatment of diabetes by targeting NF-κB is limited, so future studies would
enlighten accordingly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Sahukari
- Division of Molecular Biology and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Jyothi Punabaka
- Division of Molecular Biology and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Shanmugam Bhasha
- Division of Molecular Biology and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Venkata S. Ganjikunta
- Division of Molecular Biology and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Shanmugam K. Ramudu
- Division of Molecular Biology and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Sathyavelu R. Kesireddy
- Division of Molecular Biology and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhou XT, Zou JJ, Ao C, Gong DY, Chen X, Ma YR. Renal protective effects of astragaloside IV, in diabetes mellitus kidney damage animal models: A systematic review, meta-analysis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105192. [PMID: 32942018 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (ASIV) is the essential active component of astragalus that has diverse biological activities. Previous research has suggested its potentially beneficial effects on diabetic nephropathies. However, its effects and protective mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a preclinical systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and potential mechanisms of ASIV in reducing kidney damage in diabetes mellitus (DM) models. Studies were searched from nine databases until January 2020. A random-effects model was used to calculate combined standardised mean difference estimates and 95 % confidence intervals. Risk of bias of studies was assessed using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation risk of bias tool 10-item checklist. RevMan 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis. Twenty-three studies involving 562 animals were included in the meta-analysis. Studies quality scores ranged from 2 to 5. The ASIV group induced a marked decrease in serum creatinine (P < 0.00001), blood urea nitrogen (P < 0.00001), 24-h urine protein (P < 0.00001) and pathological score (P < 0.001) compared with the control group. The determined potential mechanisms of ASIV action were relieving oxidative stress, delaying renal fibrosis, anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory action. We conclude that ASIV exerts renal protective effects in animals with DM through multiple signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tao Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Jun-Ju Zou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Chun Ao
- Department of Nursing, Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563006, China
| | - Dao-Yin Gong
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China.
| | - Yue-Rong Ma
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang J, Xue X, Qiao Y, Li D, Wei Q, Zhang F, Qin X. Astragaloside IV Extends Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by Improving Age-Related Functional Declines and Triggering Antioxidant Responses. Rejuvenation Res 2020; 24:120-130. [PMID: 32741299 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2020.2312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a representative component of astragaloside saponins in dried roots of Astragali Radix. Astragaloside possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, anti-fibrosis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, the role of AS-IV in antiaging remains unclear. In this article, we studied the function of AS-IV in antiaging by using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model. We showed that AS-IV can prolong the lifespan of C. elegans in a natural aging model, a paraquat injury model, and a heat stress model and improve the movement capacity of nematodes. 1H-NMR data indicate an improvement of glutamate content and a decrease in glucose in the AS-IV treatment group compared with the control. Further investigation revealed that AS-IV can induce the mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) genes and increase the activities of SOD and CAT in the nematode. Interestingly, AS-IV could not extend the lifespan of sod-1, sod-2, sod-3, sod-4, sod-5, ctl-1, ctl-2, ctl-3, and daf-16 mutants. These data indicate that AS-IV prevents aging via mainly improving age-related functional declines, the antioxidant capacity of nematodes and partially modulating the insulin/insulin growth factor 1 signaling pathway activity. Our results provide new insights into how AS-IV prevents and treats aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqin Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Xue
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuqi Qiao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Daqi Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Fusheng Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
He Y, Zhang Q, Chen H, Guo Q, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Li Y. Astragaloside IV enhanced carboplatin sensitivity in prostate cancer by suppressing AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 99:214-222. [PMID: 32813978 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In our study, we explored the effect of astragaloside IV (AgIV) on carboplatin chemotherapy in prostate cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and tumor xenograft growth assay were conducted. We found that AgIV significantly decreased the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of carboplatin in prostate cancer cell lines LNCap and PC-3. Moreover, AgIV enhanced the effect of carboplatin in suppressing colony formation and inducing cell apoptosis. A low-dose carboplatin treatment upregulated N-cadherin and Vimentin expression and downregulated E-cadherin expression, but this effect was abolished by combining with AgIV. Carboplatin treatment increased the levels of p-AKT and p-p65 and decreased p-IκBα, but AgIV treatment suppressed this. In addition, AgIV synergized with carboplatin to suppress tumor xenograft growth of PC-3 cells, and decreased pAKT and p-p65 levels in vivo. Our results suggested that AgIV enhanced carboplatin sensitivity in prostate cancer cell lines by suppressing AKT/NF-κB signaling, thus suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by carboplatin. Our findings provided a new mechanism for AgIV in overcoming drug resistance of platinum-based chemotherapy and suggested a potential combination therapy of AgIV and carboplatin in prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Rd., Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qimei Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology Southwest Medical University, No. 319 Zhongshan Rd., Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, No. 319 Zhongshan Rd., Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qingxi Guo
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Rd., Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Rd., Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine, Southwest Medical University, No. 319 Zhongshan Rd., Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yingchuan Li
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Rd., Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Protection of Astragaloside IV against Diabetic Nephropathy by Modulating Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9542165. [PMID: 32855769 PMCID: PMC7443226 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9542165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the leading causes of end-stage kidney disease. Recently, there is no specific drug available to block the kidney damage. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a major active component of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge and has been demonstrated to benefit the kidney functions. This study explores the potential pharmacological action of AS-IV in DN of rats. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with high-fat diet and injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetes. The diabetic rats were randomized and treated with vehicle or AS-IV (80 mg/kg) daily by gavage for 12 weeks as the DN or AS-IV group, respectively. The normal control rats were fed with normal chow and injected with vehicles (n = 8 per group). These rats were monitored for diabetes- and kidney function-related measures. The expression profiles of gene mRNA transcripts in the kidney tissues were analyzed by RNA-seq and quantitative RT-PCR. The levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), IL-1β, and IL-18 in the serum samples and kidney tissues were quantified by ELISA. The levels of collagen IV (COL-4) and fibronectin (FN) expression in kidney tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results In comparison with the DN group, AS-IV treatment significantly reduced blood glucose levels, food and water consumption, 24 h urine, renal index values, 24 h urine total proteins, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, and creatinine clearance rates (CCR), accompanied by minimizing the DN-induced early kidney damages, fibrosis, and microstructural changes. Furthermore, AS-IV treatment significantly modulated the DN-altered gene transcription profiles in the kidney of rats, particularly for inflammation-related genes, including the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling, which was validated by quantitative RT-PCR. AS-IV treatment significantly decreased the levels of serum and kidney AGEs, IL-1β, and IL-18 expression and fibrosis indexes in the kidney of rats. Conclusion AS-IV treatment ameliorated the severity of DN by inhibiting inflammation-related gene expression in the kidney of rats.
Collapse
|
38
|
Network Pharmacology-Based Identification of the Mechanisms of Shen-Qi Compound Formula in Treating Diabetes Mellitus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5798764. [PMID: 32595730 PMCID: PMC7292981 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5798764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim The purpose of this research is to identify the mechanisms of Shen-Qi compound formula (SQC), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), for treating diabetes mellitus (DM) using system pharmacology. Methods The active components and therapeutic targets were identified, and these targets were analyzed using gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Finally, an integrated pathway was constructed to show the mechanisms of SQC. Results A total of 282 active components and 195 targets were identified through a database search. The component-target network was constructed, and the key components were screened out according to their degree. Through the GO, PPI, and KEGG analyses, the mechanism network of SQC treating DM was constructed. Conclusions This study shows that the mechanisms of SQC treating DM are related to various pathways and targets. This study provides a good foundation and basis for further in-depth verification and clinical application.
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang H, Zhuang Z, Huang YY, Zhuang ZZ, Jin Y, Ye HY, Lin XJ, Zheng Q, Wang YL. Protective Effect and Possible Mechanisms of Astragaloside IV in Animal Models of Diabetic Nephropathy: A Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:988. [PMID: 32695006 PMCID: PMC7339662 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) has a variety of biological activities and is widely used to treat kidney diseases. We conducted a systematic review of 24 animal studies including 424 animals to evaluate the efficacy of AS-IV for diabetic nephropathy (DN); all current possible mechanisms were summarized. A search strategy was applied to eight databases from inception to June 2020. The CAMARADES 10-item quality checklist and Rev-Man 5.3 software were used to analyze the risks of bias of each study and data regarding outcome measures, respectively. The mean study quality score was 5.4 points (range 3–8 points). Meta-analyses data and comparisons between groups showed that AS-IV significantly slowed the progression of pathological signs in the kidney including glomeruli and tubules, increasing creatinine clearance rate, decreasing blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, 24-h urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, 24-h urinary albumin, 24-h urinary microalbumin and HbA1c. There were no significant differences between experimental and control groups with respect to mortality or levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. In terms of the possible mechanisms of treatment of DN, AS-IV acts through antifibrotic, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic mechanisms, thereby alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress, inhibiting mitochondrial fission, and increasing autophagic activity. Taken together, our findings suggest that AS-IV is a multifaceted renoprotective candidate drug for DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue-Yue Huang
- Department of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Zhi Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Han-Yang Ye
- Department of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ji Lin
- Department of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qun Zheng
- Department of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi-Luan Wang
- Department of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Artemisinin attenuates early renal damage on diabetic nephropathy rats through suppressing TGF-β1 regulator and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Life Sci 2020; 256:117966. [PMID: 32535079 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study aims to investigate the protective effects of artemisinin (ATZ) on early renal damage in experimental diabetic rats and its probable mechanism. METHODS Models of diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats was established utilizing streptozotocin (STZ)-injection intraperitoneally (55 mg/kg) method. All rats were subsequently divided into normal control group, model group and ATZ (25, 50, 75 mg/kg) group randomly. Biochemical parameters including body weight, kidney index, blood glucose, 24 h UAER, Scr, BUN, T-SOD, GSH-Px and MDA were comprehensively determined after 8-week consecutive administrations. HE and PAS stainings were performed to observe the histopathological alterations of kidney. Western blot was conducted to detect the expressions of TGF-β1, Nrf2, HQ-1 and NQO1. KEY FINDINGS ATZ at three concentrations in ATZ group significantly increased the body weight. Biochemical parameters altered significantly between model group and ATZ group. Moreover, ATZ inhibited TGF-β1 protein expression and activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Pathological histology results revealed the alterations including mesangial cells proliferation, thickness of glomerular capillary basement membrane, extracellular matrix (ECM) and the 24 h UAER. Western blot analysis demonstrated the increase of antioxidant proteins HO-1 and NQO1 and Nrf2-related proteins. SIGNIFICANCE ATZ could reduce early renal oxidative stress damage in DN rats by inhibiting TGF-β1 protein expression in kidney tissues as well as activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and enhancing the expression of antioxidant proteins, thereby exerting the protective effects on DN kidney. The current study is the first report of ATZ on attenuating effects on kidney of DN rats, which could lay solid theoretical foundations on clinical application of ATZ to treat DN.
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang E, Wang L, Ding R, Zhai M, Ge R, Zhou P, Wang T, Fang H, Wang J, Huang J. Astragaloside IV acts through multi-scale mechanisms to effectively reduce diabetic nephropathy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 157:104831. [PMID: 32339782 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a common complication of diabetes mellitus, is the main cause of end-stage nephropathy, and thus developing novel strategies for reversing DN remains urgent. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a glycoside extracted from the Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, is a widely used Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in China and presents diverse pharmacological properties including the protective effect on DN. However, the rudimentary mechanism of AS-IV in remedying DN remains indeterminate. Currently, we systematically explore the pharmacological mechanism of action of AS-IV for treating DN. Firstly, AS-IV was evaluated by ADME assessment, and 26 targets were screened out through target prediction. Then, we decipher the protein-protein interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, disease and pathway network analysis to obtain the specific molecular biological process and pharmacological activity of AS-IV in the treatment of DN. Meanwhile, both in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that AS-IV has anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, anti-epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) effects, and can inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, ultimately ameliorating the renal injury caused by high glucose. Additionally, we also applied molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation to predict the specific binding sites and binding capacity of AS-IV and related targets. Overall, the comprehensive system pharmacology method and experiment validations provide an accurate explanation for the molecular mechanism of AS-IV in the treatment of DN. Moreover, it is expected to provide a brand new strategy for exploring the effective components of TCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enyu Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, People's Republic of China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, People's Republic of China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ding
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengting Zhai
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Ge
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, People's Republic of China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, People's Republic of China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Fang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, People's Republic of China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, People's Republic of China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinling Huang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, People's Republic of China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, People's Republic of China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang T, Zhang Z, Song C, Sun L, Sui X, Qu Q, Liu J. Astragaloside IV protects retinal pigment epithelial cells from apoptosis by upregulating miR‑128 expression in diabetic rats. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:340-350. [PMID: 32626913 PMCID: PMC7255479 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects exerted by astragaloside‑IV (AIV) on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells of rats with diabetes mellitus (DM), and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. For this purpose, a rat model of DM was established by injecting rats with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. AIV was then intragastrically administered. An electroretinogram (ERG) was used to assess retinopathy and TUNEL staining was used to detect the level of apoptosis of RPE cells. Western blot analysis was used to determine protein expression in RPE cells in vitro and in vivo. AIV was found to be able to significantly increase body weight and decrease blood glucose levels in rats with DM in a dose‑dependent manner. Compared with the rats with DM, the rat rod cell response a wave, b wave, maximum response b wave, photopic (photo)‑ERG b wave and oscillatory potential (OP) p4 wave latency significantly decreased and the amplitude of OP Os1 wave increased significantly in the rats with DM treated with AIV for 11 weeks. In addition, AIV significantly decreased the apoptotic levels of RPE cells from rats with DM and significantly decreased the protein expression levels of Bax/Bcl‑2, Fas/FasL, active caspase‑3, active caspase‑8, active caspase‑9, homeobox B3 (HOXB3), p‑phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/PI3K, p‑AKT/AKT and p‑p70S6K1/p70S6K1, whereas it significantly increased miR‑128 expression in the RPE cells from rats with DM. In vitro, AIV significantly inhibited the high glucose (HG)‑induced apoptosis of RPE cells by increasing miR‑128 expression and Bcl‑2 and FasL protein expression in vivo. On the whole, the findings of the present study demonstrate that AIV treatment protects RPE cells of diabetic rats from apoptosis, and that these effects may be associated with the upregulation of miR‑128 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Caiping Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Xinli Sui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Qun Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
The Protective Effect of rhBNP on Postresuscitation Myocardial Dysfunction in a Rat Cardiac Arrest Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6969053. [PMID: 32149124 PMCID: PMC7049428 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6969053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the protective effects and the underlying mechanisms through which recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) acts on postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction (PRMD) in the cardiac arrest (CA) model. Methods Ventricular fibrillation was induced and untreated for 6 min. And the time of cardiopulmonary resuscitation was 8 min, after which defibrillation was attempted in this rat model. 24 Sprague Dawley rats (450–550g) were randomized into cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) + rhBNP and CPR + placebo groups after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). rhBNP was infused at PR 30 min (loading dose: 1.5 µg/kg, 3 min; maintenance dose: 0.01 µg/kg, 3 min; maintenance dose: 0.01 α (TNF-α (TNF-α (TNF-κB (NF-κB (NF- Results The administration of rhBNP attenuated the severity of PRMD and myocardial tissue injuries, with improvement of MAP (mean arterial blood pressure), ETCO2 (end-tidal CO2), serum level of NT-proBNP, EF, CO, and MPI values. The serum levels and protein expression levels in myocardial tissue of IL-6 and TNF-α (TNF-κB (NF- Conclusion Our research demonstrated that the administration of rhBNP attenuated the severity of PRMD and myocardial tissue injuries and increased the 24 h survival rate in this CA model. rhBNP administration also reduced the serum and myocardial tissue levels of IL-6 and TNF-α after ROSC, likely due to the suppression of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and the regulation of inflammatory mediator secretion.α (TNF-κB (NF-
Collapse
|
44
|
Mao ZJ, Lin M, Zhang X, Qin LP. Combined Use of Astragalus Polysaccharide and Berberine Attenuates Insulin Resistance in IR-HepG2 Cells via Regulation of the Gluconeogenesis Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1508. [PMID: 31920677 PMCID: PMC6936338 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is likely to induce metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Gluconeogenesis (GNG) is a complex metabolic process that may result in glucose generation from certain non-carbohydrate substrates. Chinese herbal medicine astragalus polysaccharides and berberine have been documented to ameliorate IR, and combined use of astragalus polysaccharide (AP) and berberine (BBR) are reported to synergistically produce an even better effect. However, what change may occur in the GNG signaling pathway of IR-HepG2 cells in this synergistic effect and whether AP-BBR attenuates IR by regulating the GNG signaling pathway remain unclear. For the first time, we discovered in this study that the optimal time of IR-HepG2 cell model formation was 48 h after insulin intervention. AP-BBR attenuated IR in HepG2 cells and the optimal concentration was 10 mg. AP-BBR reduced the intracellular H2O2 content with no significant effect on apoptosis of IR-HepG2 cells. In addition, a rapid change was observed in intracellular calcium current of the IR-HepG2 cell model, and AP-BBR intervention attenuated this change markedly. The gene sequencing results showed that the GNG signaling pathway was one of the signaling pathways of AP-BBR to attenuate IR in IR-Hepg2 cells. The expression of p-FoxO1Ser256 and PEPCK protein was increased, and the expression of GLUT2 protein was decreased significantly in the IR-HepG2 cell model, and both of these effects could be reversed by AP-BBR intervention. AP-BBR attenuated IR in IR-HepG2 cells, probably by regulating the GNG signaling Pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Jun Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Lin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang J, Wu C, Gao L, Du G, Qin X. Astragaloside IV derived from Astragalus membranaceus: A research review on the pharmacological effects. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2019; 87:89-112. [PMID: 32089240 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Decoctions prepared from the roots of Astragali Radix are known as "Huangqi" and are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of viral and bacterial infections, inflammation, as well as cancer. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), one of the major compounds from the aqueous extract of Astragalus membranaceus, is a cycloartane-type triterpene glycoside chemical. To date, many studies in cellular and animal models have demonstrated that AS-IV possesses potent protective effects in cardiovascular, lung, kidney and brain. Based on studies over the past several decades, this review systematically summarizes the pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics and the toxicity of AS-IV. We analyze in detail the pharmacological effects of AS-IV on neuroprotection, liver protection, anti-cancer and anti-diabetes, attributable to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic properties, and the roles in enhancement of immunity, attenuation of the migration and invasion of cancer cells and improvement of chemosensitivity of chemotherapy drugs. In addition, the latest developments in the combination of AS-IV and other active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine or chemical drugs are detailed. These pharmacological effects are associated with multiple signaling pathways, including the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway, EGFR-Nrf2 signaling pathway, Akt/PDE3B signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathways, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, PKC-α-ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway, IL-11/STAT3 signaling pathway, Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway, JNK/c-Jun/AP-1 signaling pathway, PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway, miRNA-34a/LDHA pathway, Nox4/Smad2 pathway, JNK pathway and NF-kB/PPARγ pathway. This review will provide an overall understanding of the pharmacological functions of astragaloside IV on neuroprotection, liver protection, anti-cancer and anti-diabetes. In light of this, AS-IV will be a potent alternative therapeutic agent for treatment of the above mentioned diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqin Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chuxuan Wu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Fan Y, Fan H, Zhu B, Zhou Y, Liu Q, Li P. Astragaloside IV protects against diabetic nephropathy via activating eNOS in streptozotocin diabetes-induced rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:355. [PMID: 31805910 PMCID: PMC6896771 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) was reported to play a role in improving diabetic nephropathy (DN), however, the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether AS-IV ameliorates DN via the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). METHODS DN model was induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats by intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Rats in the AS-IV treatment group were orally gavaged with 5 mg/kg/day or 10 mg/kg/day AS-IV for eight consecutive weeks. Body weight, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Serum creatinine (Scr), proteinuria and Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured. Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining were used to detect the renal pathology. The apoptosis status of glomerular cells was measured by TUNEL assay. The phosphorylation and acetylation of eNOS were detected by western blot. The effects of AS-IV on high-glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis and eNOS activity were also investigated in human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) in vitro. RESULTS Treatment with AS-IV apparently reduced DN symptoms in diabetic rats, as evidenced by reduced BUN, Scr, proteinuria, HbA1c levels and expanding mesangial matrix. AS-IV treatment also promoted the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) in serum and renal tissues and ameliorated the phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser 1177 with decreased eNOS acetylation. Moreover, HG-induced dysfunction of HRGECs including increased cell permeability and apoptosis, impaired eNOS phosphorylation at Ser 1177, and decreased NO production, were all reversed by AS-IV treatment. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings suggest that AS-IV ameliorates functional abnormalities of DN through inhibiting acetylation of eNOS and activating its phosphorylation at Ser 1177. AS-IV could be served as a potential therapeutic drug for DN.
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang L, Yang L, Shergis J, Zhang L, Zhang AL, Guo X, Qin X, Johnson D, Liu X, Lu C, Xue CC, Mao W. Chinese herbal medicine for diabetic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025653. [PMID: 31048437 PMCID: PMC6501976 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a broad evaluation of the efficacy and safety of oral Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) as an adjunctive treatment for diabetic kidney disease (DKD), including mortality, progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), albuminuria, proteinuria and kidney function. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral CHM with placebo as an additional intervention to conventional treatments were retrieved from five English (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and four Chinese databases (China BioMedical Literature, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chonqing VIP and Wanfang) from inception to May 2018. RCTs recruiting adult DKD patients induced by primary diabetes were considered eligible, regardless of the form and ingredients of oral CHM. Mean difference (MD) or standardised mean difference (SMD) was used to analyse continuous variables and RR for dichotomous data. RESULTS From 7255 reports retrieved, 20 eligible studies involving 2719 DKD patients were included. CHM was associated with greater reduction of albuminuria than placebo, regardless of whether renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors were concurrently administered (SMD -0.56, 95% CI [-1.04 to -0.08], I2=64%, p=0.002) or not (SMD -0.92, 95% CI [-1.35 to -0.51], I2=87%, p<0.0001). When CHM was used as an adjunct to RAS inhibitors, estimated glomerular filtration rate was higher in the CHM than placebo group (MD 6.28 mL/min; 95% CI [2.42 to 10.14], I2=0%, p=0.001). The effects of CHM on progression to ESKD and mortality were uncertain due to low event rates. The reported adverse events in CHM group included digestive disorders, elevated liver enzyme level, infection, anaemia, hypertension and subarachnoid haemorrhage, but the report rates were low and similar to control groups. The favourable results of CHM should be balanced with the limitations of the included studies such as high heterogeneity, short follow-up periods, small numbers of clinical events and older patients with less advanced disease. CONCLUSIONS Based on moderate to low quality evidence, CHM may have beneficial effects on renal function and albuminuria beyond that afforded by conventional treatment in adults with DKD. Further well-conducted, adequately powered trials with representative DKD populations are warranted to confirm the long-term effect of CHM, particularly on clinically relevant outcomes. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42015029293.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- La Zhang
- Nephrology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The China–Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lihong Yang
- The China–Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research Service Team, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Johannah Shergis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lei Zhang
- Nephrology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anthony Lin Zhang
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xinfeng Guo
- The China–Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research Service Team, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xindong Qin
- Nephrology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - David Johnson
- Australia Kidney Trials Network, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Nephrology Department, Translational Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xusheng Liu
- Nephrology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- The China–Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Charlie Changli Xue
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wei Mao
- Nephrology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang J, Guo HM. Astragaloside IV ameliorates high glucose-induced HK-2 cell apoptosis and oxidative stress by regulating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:4409-4416. [PMID: 31086575 PMCID: PMC6489012 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has become the major cause of end-stage renal disease increasing the mortality risk of diabetes. Research has demonstrated that the oxidative damage and apoptosis of renal tubular cells is present during DN. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) has been widely used for the treatment of many diseases, however, the role and mechanism by which AS-IV may ameliorate high glucose-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress of the human proximal tubular cell line HK-2 remains largely unknown. The present study investigated the effect of AS-IV on high glucose-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in HK-2 cells. Cell viability, apoptosis and protein expression were detected by Trypan blue staining, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 2′-deoxyuridine-5′-triphosphate nick-end labelling, flow cytometry and western blot analyses. In addition, enzymatic activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxide (LPO), were measured with the corresponding detection kits. DCFH-DA assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were conducted to evaluate protein and mRNA expressions of the nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway. The results demonstrated that AS-IV significantly enhanced HK-2 cell viability induced by high glucose in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, AS-IV notably inhibited HK-2 cell apoptosis stimulated by high glucose, which may be associated with inhibition of BCL2 associated X protein, Cleaved-caspase-3 and Cleaved-caspase-9, expression and the promotion of Bcl-2. AS-IV significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH-Px and CAT, and decreased the high-glucose-induced ROS production in HK-2 cells, in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, it was determined that AS-IV regulated the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway and inhibited the expression of liver-type fatty acid binding protein. In conclusion, these findings may provide evidence that AS-IV has a potential role for the treatment of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of First Clinical Medical Institute, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China.,Department of Nephrology, Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Min Guo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Guo Z, Lou Y, Kong M, Luo Q, Liu Z, Wu J. A Systematic Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics on Astragali Radix: Implications for Astragali Radix as a Personalized Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1463. [PMID: 30909474 PMCID: PMC6470777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragali radix (AR) is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese herbal medicines. Modern pharmacological studies and clinical practices indicate that AR possesses various biological functions, including potent immunomodulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammation and antitumor activities. To date, more than 200 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from AR. Among them, isoflavonoids, saponins and polysaccharides are the three main types of beneficial compounds responsible for its pharmacological activities and therapeutic efficacy. After ingestion of AR, the metabolism and biotransformation of the bioactive compounds were extensive in vivo. The isoflavonoids and saponins and their metabolites are the major type of constituents absorbed in plasma. The bioavailability barrier (BB), which is mainly composed of efflux transporters and conjugating enzymes, is expected to have a significant impact on the bioavailability of AR. This review summarizes studies on the phytochemistry, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics on AR. Additionally, the use of AR as a personalized medicine based on the BB is also discussed, which may provide beneficial information to achieve a better and more accurate therapeutic response of AR in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Guo
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Yanmei Lou
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Muyan Kong
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Qing Luo
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR) 999078, China.
| | - Jinjun Wu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chang WW, Liang W, Yao XM, Zhang L, Zhu LJ, Yan C, Jin YL, Yao YS. Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand expression in patients with diabetic nephropathy. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2019; 19:1470320318785744. [PMID: 29999450 PMCID: PMC6047249 DOI: 10.1177/1470320318785744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression profile of tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods: A total of 126 Chinese subjects were enrolled in this study, including 42 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), 42 patients with DN and 42 healthy controls. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze levels of TRAIL mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Serum levels of soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) and various cytokines were detected with a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: Compared with the control group, the levels of TRAIL mRNA in PBMCs and sTRAIL in sera were both significantly decreased in the DM and DN patients (P < 0.05). Conversely, levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 were higher in the DN group than in the control group. Serum levels of TRAIL positively correlated with TRAIL mRNA levels in all of the subjects examined (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These results provide support and a theoretical basis for further research of TRAIL in regard to the pathogenesis of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Chang
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Wei Liang
- 2 Department of Hospital Infection Management, Zhenjiang First People's Hospital, China
| | - Xin-Ming Yao
- 3 Department of Endocrine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- 4 Department of Hospital Infection Management Office, Wuhu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhu
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Chen Yan
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Yue-Long Jin
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Ying-Shui Yao
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, China
| |
Collapse
|