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Härtle S, Sutton K, Vervelde L, Dalgaard TS. Delineation of chicken immune markers in the era of omics and multicolor flow cytometry. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1385400. [PMID: 38846783 PMCID: PMC11156169 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1385400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiparameter flow cytometry is a routine method in immunological studies incorporated in biomedical, veterinary, agricultural, and wildlife research and routinely used in veterinary clinical laboratories. Its use in the diagnostics of poultry diseases is still limited, but due to the continuous expansion of reagents and cost reductions, this may change in the near future. Although the structure and function of the avian immune system show commonalities with mammals, at the molecular level, there is often low homology across species. The cross-reactivity of mammalian immunological reagents is therefore low, but nevertheless, the list of reagents to study chicken immune cells is increasing. Recent improvement in multicolor antibody panels for chicken cells has resulted in more detailed analysis by flow cytometry and has allowed the discovery of novel leukocyte cell subpopulations. In this article, we present an overview of the reagents and guidance needed to perform multicolor flow cytometry using chicken samples and common pitfalls to avoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Härtle
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kate Sutton
- Division of Immunology, The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lonneke Vervelde
- Division of Immunology, The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tina S. Dalgaard
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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do Vale INPC, Almeida GG, Rimkute I, Liechti T, de Araújo FF, dos Santos LI, Henriques PM, Rocha MODC, Elói-Santos SM, Martins−Filho OA, Roederer M, Sher A, Jankovic D, Teixeira−Carvalho A, Antonelli LRDV. Signatures of CD4 + T and B cells are associated with distinct stages of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385850. [PMID: 38726014 PMCID: PMC11079136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chagas disease is a neglected parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. While most patients are asymptomatic, around 30% develop Chronic Chagasic Cardiomyopathy (CCC). Methods Here, we employed high-dimensional flow cytometry to analyze CD4+ T and B cell compartments in patients during the chronic phase of Chagas disease, presenting the asymptomatic and mild or moderate/severe cardiac clinical forms. Results Effector CD27-CD4+ T cells were expanded in both CCC groups, and only mild CCC patients showed higher frequencies of effector memory and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells than healthy donors (CTL) and asymptomatic patients. Unsupervised analysis confirmed these findings and further revealed the expansion of a specific subpopulation composed of Tfh, transitional, and central memory CD4+ T cells bearing a phenotype associated with strong activation, differentiation, and exhaustion in patients with mild but not moderate/severe CCC. In contrast, patients with mild and moderate/severe CCC had lower frequencies of CD4+ T cells expressing lower levels of activation markers, suggesting resting status, than CTL. Regarding the B cell compartment, no alterations were found in naïve CD21-, memory cells expressing IgM or IgD, marginal zone, and plasma cells in patients with Chagas disease. However, expansion of class-switched activated and atypical memory B cells was observed in all clinical forms, and more substantially in mild CCC patients. Discussion Taken together, our results showed that T. cruzi infection triggers changes in CD4+ T and B cell compartments that are more pronounced in the mild CCC clinical form, suggesting an orchestrated cellular communication during Chagas disease. Conclusion Overall, these findings reinforce the heterogeneity and complexity of the immune response in patients with chronic Chagas disease and may provide new insights into disease pathology and potential markers to guide clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Natália Pascoal Campos do Vale
- Biology and Immunology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Group, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Integrated Research Group in Biomarkers, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gregório Guilherme Almeida
- Biology and Immunology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Group, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Inga Rimkute
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Thomas Liechti
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Fernanda Fortes de Araújo
- Integrated Research Group in Biomarkers, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luara Isabela dos Santos
- Biology and Immunology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Group, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departament of Basic Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Miranda Henriques
- Biology and Immunology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Group, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Manoel Otávio da Costa Rocha
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Silvana Maria Elói-Santos
- Integrated Research Group in Biomarkers, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Complementary Propedeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins−Filho
- Integrated Research Group in Biomarkers, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dragana Jankovic
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andréa Teixeira−Carvalho
- Integrated Research Group in Biomarkers, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lis Ribeiro do Valle Antonelli
- Biology and Immunology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Group, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Kim J, Kim TJ, Chae S, Ha H, Park Y, Park S, Yoon CJ, Lim SA, Lee H, Kim J, Kim J, Im K, Lee K, Kim J, Kim D, Lee E, Shin MH, Park SI, Rhee I, Jung K, Lee J, Lee KH, Hwang D, Lee KM. Targeted deletion of CD244 on monocytes promotes differentiation into anti-tumorigenic macrophages and potentiates PD-L1 blockade in melanoma. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:45. [PMID: 38424542 PMCID: PMC10903025 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01936-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the myeloid compartment of the tumor microenvironment, CD244 signaling has been implicated in immunosuppressive phenotype of monocytes. However, the precise molecular mechanism and contribution of CD244 to tumor immunity in monocytes/macrophages remains elusive due to the co-existing lymphoid cells expressing CD244. METHODS To directly assess the role of CD244 in tumor-associated macrophages, monocyte-lineage-specific CD244-deficient mice were generated using cre-lox recombination and challenged with B16F10 melanoma. The phenotype and function of tumor-infiltrating macrophages along with antigen-specific CD8 T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and single cell RNA sequencing data analysis, and the molecular mechanism underlying anti-tumorigenic macrophage differentiation, antigen presentation, phagocytosis was investigated ex vivo. Finally, the clinical feasibility of CD244-negative monocytes as a therapeutic modality in melanoma was confirmed by adoptive transfer experiments. RESULTS CD244fl/flLysMcre mice demonstrated a significant reduction in tumor volume (61% relative to that of the CD244fl/fl control group) 14 days after tumor implantation. Within tumor mass, CD244fl/flLysMcre mice also showed higher percentages of Ly6Clow macrophages, along with elevated gp100+IFN-γ+ CD8 T cells. Flow cytometry and RNA sequencing data demonstrated that ER stress resulted in increased CD244 expression on monocytes. This, in turn, impeded the generation of anti-tumorigenic Ly6Clow macrophages, phagocytosis and MHC-I antigen presentation by suppressing autophagy pathways. Combining anti-PD-L1 antibody with CD244-/- bone marrow-derived macrophages markedly improved tumor rejection compared to the anti-PD-L1 antibody alone or in combination with wild-type macrophages. Consistent with the murine data, transcriptome analysis of human melanoma tissue single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset revealed close association between CD244 and the inhibition of macrophage maturation and function. Furthermore, the presence of CD244-negative monocytes/macrophages significantly increased patient survival in primary and metastatic tumors. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the novel role of CD244 on monocytes/macrophages in restraining anti-tumorigenic macrophage generation and tumor antigen-specific T cell response in melanoma. Importantly, our findings suggest that CD244-deficient macrophages could potentially be used as a therapeutic agent in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Furthermore, CD244 expression in monocyte-lineage cells serve as a prognostic marker in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongsoo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, South Korea
| | - Sehyun Chae
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Hyojeong Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Yejin Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Sunghee Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Chul Joo Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Seon Ah Lim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Hyemin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jungwon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Kyungtaek Im
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Kyunghye Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jeongmin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Daham Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, South Korea
| | - Eunju Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, South Korea
| | - Min Hwa Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Immune Research Institute, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, 04805, South Korea
| | - Serk In Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Inmoo Rhee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Keehoon Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Keun Hwa Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
| | - Daehee Hwang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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Ferdous F, Scott T. The Immunological Capacity of Thrombocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12950. [PMID: 37629130 PMCID: PMC10454457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytes are numerous in the blood of aves (birds) and ichthyoids (fish). The origin of this cell type is a common hematopoietic stem cell giving rise to a cell that is active in blood coagulation, inflammatory functions, and the immune response in general. It has been well documented that thrombocytes can phagocytize small particles and bacteria. While phagocytosis with an associated oxidative burst has been reported for chicken thrombocytes, some questions remain as to the degradation capacity of phagosomes in ichthyoids. As innate cells, thrombocytes can be stimulated by bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens to express altered gene expression. Furthermore, there have been observations that led researchers to state that platelets/thrombocytes are capable of serving as "professional antigen presenting cells" expressing CD40, CD80/86, MHC I, and MHC II. This indeed may be the case or, more likely at this time, provide supporting evidence that these cells aid and assist in the role of professional antigen-presenting cells to initiate adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Ferdous
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Thomas Scott
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, 129 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
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Kurokawa A, Yamamoto Y. Immunohistochemical identification of T and B lymphocytes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded chicken tissues using commercial antibodies. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 228:110088. [PMID: 32688059 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical method to detect avian lymphocytes is an efficient and reliable tool for accurate diagnosis, and immunological analysis of avian diseases. However, there are scarce studies reporting immunohistochemistry (IHC) using commercially available antibodies in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) chicken tissues. In the present study, we established an immunohistochemical method to identify chicken T and B lymphocytes in FFPE chicken tissues using commercial antibodies against chicken or human antigens. For this IHC method, the five tested anti-T lymphocyte antibodies reacted with chicken T lymphocytes on the FFPE sections. Further, 10 commercial anti-B lymphocyte antibodies were tested; of these, three successfully detected chicken B lymphocytes for IHC. In particular, anti-human CD3 (clone F7.2.38) antibody was most suitable for the detection of chicken T lymphocytes, whereas anti-chicken B cell activating factor receptor (BAFF-R) antibody (clone 2C4) was most suitable for the detection of chicken B lymphocytes under our IHC staining conditions. These two antibodies reacted with numerous lymphocytes of all representative lymphoid tissues without problematic background staining and nonspecific reactions. Our results indicate that T and B lymphocytes in FFPE chicken tissues can be immunohistochemically detected using commercial antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Kurokawa
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Yu Yamamoto
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
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Giles T, Sakkas P, Belkhiri A, Barrow P, Kyriazakis I, Foster N. Differential immune response to Eimeria maxima infection in fast- and slow-growing broiler genotypes. Parasite Immunol 2019; 41:e12660. [PMID: 31230360 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Very little has been reported comparing resistance to coccidiosis in fast or slow growing broilers, the latter of which are becoming more prevalent in the broiler industry. We examined mRNA expression in the intestines of fast and slow growing broilers following Eimeria infection. We show that by day 13 post-infection (d pi) with 2500 or 7000 oocysts of Eimeria maxima, slower-growing (Ranger Classic) broilers significantly (P < 0.01) upregulated expression of proinflammatory cyclooxygenase genes (LTB4DH, PTSG1 and PTSG2) above that detected in fast growing (Ross 308) broilers. Expression of CD8α mRNA was downregulated in Ross 308 at day 6d pi with either 2500 or 7000 oocysts of E maxima (P < 0.05), compared to uninfected controls, but was not differentially expressed in Ranger Classic. CD4 genes were not differentially expressed in either chicken line infected with either infectious oocyst dose at d6 pi, compared to uninfected controls. However, at d13 pi, CD4 expression was significantly upregulated in both chicken lines infected with either infectious oocyst dose, compared to uninfected controls (P < 0.05) but this was significantly greater in Ranger Classic broilers compared to Ross 308 (P < 0.05). At d13 pi, expression of CD3 chains (required for T lymphocyte activation) was significantly increased in Ranger Classic compared to Ross 308, infected with either oocyst dose (P < 0.05-0.01). Expression of IL-2 and IL-15 mRNA, required for T lymphocyte proliferation was also significantly upregulated, or maintained longer, in Ranger Classic broilers compared to Ross 308. These differences in immune response to E maxima corresponded with a reduction in E maxima genome detected in the intestines of Ranger Classic compared to Ross 308.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Giles
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | | | | | - Paul Barrow
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | | | - Neil Foster
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
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Agresta L, Hoebe KHN, Janssen EM. The Emerging Role of CD244 Signaling in Immune Cells of the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2809. [PMID: 30546369 PMCID: PMC6279924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer, immune exhaustion contributes to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Exhausted immune cells demonstrate poor effector function and sustained expression of certain immunomodulatory receptors, which can be therapeutically targeted. CD244 is a Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule (SLAM) family immunoregulatory receptor found on many immune cell types—including NK cells, a subset of T cells, DCs, and MDSCs—that represents a potential therapeutic target. Here, we discuss the role of CD244 in tumor-mediated immune cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Agresta
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kasper H N Hoebe
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Edith M Janssen
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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8
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Fenzl L, Göbel TW, Neulen ML. γδ T cells represent a major spontaneously cytotoxic cell population in the chicken. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 73:175-183. [PMID: 28377199 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer cells in the chicken are mainly confined to the intestine, while only small frequencies are detectable in spleen, lung and blood. Here, we compared the spontaneous cytotoxicity of lymphocytes isolated from blood, spleen and intestine using a flow cytometric based cytotoxicity assay. There was no spontaneous cytotoxicity detected in chicken blood preparations. In contrast, freshly prepared splenocytes exhibited a spontaneous cytotoxicity of up to 50% and intestinal epithelial lymphocytes of up to 85%. This cytotoxicity was observed against the RP9 but not against the chicken CU24 target cell line. The observed cytotoxicity was MHC unrestricted since B2B2 derived effector cells killed RP9 target cells (B2B15) equally well compared to MHC mismatched 2D8 targets (B19B19). The cytotoxicity of splenocytes was enhanced by preincubation with IL-2 or strongly increased with IL-2 plus IL-12. By cell sorting, we identified the CD8+γδ T cell subset as the major effectors, whereas both CD8-γδ T cells and CD8+αβ T cells had only low cytolytic potential. Within intestinal lymphocyte CD45+cells displayed cytotoxicity as well as sorted γδ T cells and NK cell. In conclusion, the chicken γδ T cells represent a major cytotoxic lymphocyte subset that can lyse target cells in a MHC unrestricted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Fenzl
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas W Göbel
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Marie-Luise Neulen
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Polasky C, Weigend S, Schrader L, Berndt A. Non-specific activation of CD8α-characterised γδ T cells in PBL cultures of different chicken lines. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 179:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Turowski V, Sperling B, Hanczaruk MA, Göbel TW, Viertlboeck BC. Chicken TREM-B1, an Inhibitory Ig-Like Receptor Expressed on Chicken Thrombocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151513. [PMID: 26967520 PMCID: PMC4788293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) form a multigene family of immunoregulatory Ig-like receptors and play important roles in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. In chickens, three members of the TREM family have been identified on chromosome 26. One of them is TREM-B1 which possesses two V-set Ig-domains, an uncharged transmembrane region and a long cytoplasmic tail with one ITSM and two ITIMs indicating an inhibitory function. We generated specific monoclonal antibodies by immunizing a Balb/c mouse with a TREM-B1-FLAG transfected BWZ.36 cell line and tested the hybridoma supernatants on TREM-B1-FLAG transfected 2D8 cells. We obtained two different antibodies specific for TREM-B1, mab 7E8 (mouse IgG1) and mab 1E9 (mouse IgG2a) which were used for cell surface staining. Single and double staining of different tissues, including whole blood preparations, revealed expression on thrombocytes. Next we investigated the biochemical properties of TREM-B1 by using the specific mab 1E9 for immunoprecipitation of either lysates of surface biotinylated peripheral blood cells or stably transfected 2D8 cells. Staining with streptavidin coupled horse radish peroxidase revealed a glycosylated monomeric protein of about 50 kDa. Furthermore we used the stably transfected 2D8 cell line for analyzing the cytoplasmic tyrosine based signaling motifs. After pervanadate treatment, we detected phosphorylation of the tyrosine residues and subsequent recruitment of the tyrosine specific protein phosphatase SHP-2, indicating an inhibitory potential for TREM-B1. We also showed the inhibitory effect of TREM-B1 in chicken thrombocytes using a CD107 degranulation assay. Crosslinking of TREM-B1 on activated primary thrombocytes resulted in decreased CD107 surface expression of about 50-70%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Turowski
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department for Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Beatrice Sperling
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department for Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias A. Hanczaruk
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department for Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas W. Göbel
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department for Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit C. Viertlboeck
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department for Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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11
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Sperling B, Viertlboeck BC, Göbel TW. Chicken CD300a homolog is found on B lymphocytes, various leukocytes populations and binds to phospholipids. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 50:121-128. [PMID: 25681077 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The chicken CD300 cluster contains three genes that encode inhibitory, activating and soluble forms. In the present study, we have generated a monoclonal antibody against the inhibitory CD300L-B1 molecule. The mab 1D4 was specific for the CD300L-B1 form and showed no crossreactivity with the related CD300L-X1. Virtually all bursal cells expressed CD300L-B1, whereas only a small positive subset was found in thymus that was identified as thymic B cell subpopulation. In peripheral tissues, CD300L-B1 was found to be expressed on lymphocyte subpopulations in blood and spleen. Double immunofluorescence analysis with B- and T-cell specific markers identified these subsets as B lymphocytes. In addition, analysis of PBMC revealed that CD300L-B1 was also present on monocytes, heterophils, blood NK cells and in vitro differentiated macrophages. We utilized a reporter cell line in order to identify potential ligands of CD300L-B1. When several phospholipids were tested, only phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine were found to trigger strong reaction of the reporter cells. The two phospholipids elicited a response only in CD300L-B1 reporter cells, but not in CD300L-X1 reporter cells. Moreover the interaction could be blocked with the specific mab. In conclusion, we provide evidence for the expression of chicken CD300L-B1 on immature and mature B cells, monocytes, heterophils, macrophages and NK cells and identify phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine as CD300L-B1 ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Sperling
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Birgit C Viertlboeck
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Thomas W Göbel
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, Munich 80539, Germany.
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Neulen ML, Viertlboeck BC, Straub C, Göbel TW. Identification of novel chicken CD4⁺ CD3⁻ blood population with NK cell like features. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 49:72-78. [PMID: 25445913 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chicken NK cells have been defined in embryonic spleen and intestinal epithelium as CD8(+) lymphoid cells that lack BCR and TCR, whereas blood NK cells have not been phenotypically defined. Here we employed the mab, 8D12 directed against CHIR-AB1, a chicken Fc receptor, to define a previously uncharacterized lymphoid cell population in the blood. Although CHIR-AB1 expression was found on several cell populations, cells with extraordinary high CHIR-AB1 levels ranged between 0.4 and 2.8% in five different chicken lines. The widespread applicability of the CHIR-AB1 mab was unexpected, since CHIR-AB1-like genes form a polygenic and polymorphic subfamily. Surprisingly the CHIR-AB1 high cells coexpressed low MHCII, low CD4 and CD5, while other T cell markers CD3 and CD8, the B cell marker Bu1, the macrophage marker KUL01 were absent. Moreover, they stained with the mab 28-4, 20E5 and 1G7, which define chicken NK cells and they also expressed CD25, CD57, CD244 and the vitronectin receptor (αVβ3 integrin). In functional assays, PMA stimulation led to high levels of IFNγ release, while spontaneous cytotoxicity was not detectable. The expression of typical NK cell markers in the absence of characteristic B- or T-cell markers, and their IFNγ release is suggestive of a yet unidentified NK like population.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- CD3 Complex/metabolism
- CD4 Antigens/immunology
- CD4 Antigens/metabolism
- CD5 Antigens/immunology
- CD5 Antigens/metabolism
- CD57 Antigens/immunology
- CD57 Antigens/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Chickens/blood
- Chickens/immunology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay
- Flow Cytometry
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/immunology
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Vitronectin/immunology
- Receptors, Vitronectin/metabolism
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Luise Neulen
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit C Viertlboeck
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Straub
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas W Göbel
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
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