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Ferdous F, Scott T. The Immunological Capacity of Thrombocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12950. [PMID: 37629130 PMCID: PMC10454457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytes are numerous in the blood of aves (birds) and ichthyoids (fish). The origin of this cell type is a common hematopoietic stem cell giving rise to a cell that is active in blood coagulation, inflammatory functions, and the immune response in general. It has been well documented that thrombocytes can phagocytize small particles and bacteria. While phagocytosis with an associated oxidative burst has been reported for chicken thrombocytes, some questions remain as to the degradation capacity of phagosomes in ichthyoids. As innate cells, thrombocytes can be stimulated by bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens to express altered gene expression. Furthermore, there have been observations that led researchers to state that platelets/thrombocytes are capable of serving as "professional antigen presenting cells" expressing CD40, CD80/86, MHC I, and MHC II. This indeed may be the case or, more likely at this time, provide supporting evidence that these cells aid and assist in the role of professional antigen-presenting cells to initiate adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Ferdous
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Thomas Scott
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, 129 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
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Ferdous F, Arthurs N, Tully L, O’Brien S, Smith SM, Walsh A, O’Gorman CS, O’Malley G. Addressing child and adolescent obesity management in Ireland: identifying facilitators and barriers in clinical practice. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1222604. [PMID: 37492613 PMCID: PMC10365269 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1222604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ireland's Model of Care for the Management of Overweight and Obesity outlines a plan for treating adolescent and child obesity (CO). However, engagement with key stakeholders is required to support its implementation and improve health services. Aim This study aims to map the perceived barriers and facilitators related to CO management across healthcare settings, professional disciplines, and regions in the Republic of Ireland (ROI). Materials and methods An online cross-sectional survey of registered healthcare professionals (HPs), designed to adhere to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), was co-developed by a project team consisting of researchers, healthcare professionals, and patient advocates. The survey was pilot tested with project stakeholders and distributed online to professional groups and via a social media campaign, between September 2021 and May 2022, using "SurveyMonkey." Data were summarised using descriptive statistics and thematic analyses. Themes were mapped to the CFIR framework to identify the type of implementation gaps that exist for treating obesity within the current health and social care system. Results A total of 184 HPs completed the survey including nurses (18%), physicians (14%), health and social care professionals (60%), and other HPs (8%). The majority were female (91%), among which 54% reported conducting growth monitoring with a third (32.6%) giving a diagnosis of paediatric/adolescent obesity as part of their clinical practice. Nearly half (49%) of the HPs reported having the resources needed for clinical assessment. However, 31.5% of the HPs reported having enough "time," and almost 10% of the HPs reported having no/limited access to suitable anthropometric measurement tools. Most HPs did not conduct obesity-related clinical assessments beyond growth assessment, and 61% reported having no paediatric obesity training. CFIR mapping identified several facilitators and barriers including time for clinical encounters, suitable materials and equipment, adequate training, perceived professional competency and self-efficacy, human equality and child-centredness, relative priorities, local attitudes, referral protocols, and long waiting times. Conclusions The findings provide actionable information to guide the implementation of the Model of Care for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Ireland. Survey findings will now inform a qualitative study to explore implementation barriers and facilitators and prioritise actions to improve child and adolescent obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Ferdous
- Obesity Research and Care Group, School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Arthurs
- Obesity Research and Care Group, School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise Tully
- Obesity Research and Care Group, School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah O’Brien
- Health Service Executive (HSE) Health and Wellbeing Division, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan M. Smith
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Walsh
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Population Health Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clodagh S. O’Gorman
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Grace O’Malley
- Obesity Research and Care Group, School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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Saha K, Sarker UK, Rahman M, Razi RZ, Mahmud A, Apu SB, Jahan F, Ferdous F. Role of Doppler Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Histopathological Correlation. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:361-370. [PMID: 37002746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer in the world and the leading cause (possibly third) of cancer mortality. In a present scenario, HCC displays a challenging clinical problem worldwide. Good-quality ultra sound with careful evaluation of the hepatobiliary system can be a screening examination for HCC in patients at risk. The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the Doppler sonography for differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from other focal liver lesions. It was a cross-sectional survey, conducted in the Department of Radiology& Imaging, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from January 2017 to December 2018. A total of 70 patients with space occupying lesions on ultrasound were included in this study while pregnant women were excluded. All patients were examined by gray scale ultrasonography, color Doppler and FNAC. To visualize the blood flow, standard color Doppler sonography was used for each lesion. Within the lesions, pulsed Doppler samples were assessed whenever possible on the basis of pulsatile flow & finally resistive index (RI) of intra-tumoral and peritumoral arterial flow was studied. After evaluating by Doppler sonography (CDFI and Spectral analysis), FNAC was done and the specimen was sent to the Department of Pathology for Cytopathological examination. Cytopathology were assessed for confirmation of positive and negative cases of HCC. The detection rate of arterial flow in malignant tumors was 85.1% and in benign lesions were 30.4%. Doppler spectrum analysis showed that the resistive index in primary malignant tumors were 0.76±0.12 and in metastatic tumors were 0.80±0.12 and below 0.6 in benign lesions. The difference was significant (p<0.001). This difference was related with its Cytopathological report. The arterial flow identified by CDFI within the liver lesion with RI >0.6 can be regarded as a criterion of malignant tumors and RI<0.6 can be regarded as benign lesions. This study concluded that the combination of color Doppler flow imaging and RI are more useful in differential diagnosis of liver neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saha
- Dr Khokan Saha, Radiologist, Department of Radiology & Imaging, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Ferdous F, Filteau S, Schwartz NB, Gumede-Moyo S, Cox SE. Association of postnatal severe acute malnutrition with pancreatic exocrine and endocrine function in children and adults: a systematic review. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-34. [PMID: 35504844 PMCID: PMC9899575 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute malnutrition may lead both concurrently and subsequently to malabsorption and impaired glucose metabolism from pancreatic dysfunction. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the associations of current and prior postnatal wasting malnutrition with pancreatic endocrine and exocrine functions in humans. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and reference lists of retrieved articles, limited to articles in English published before 1 February 2022. We included sixty-eight articles, mostly cross-sectional or cohort studies from twenty-nine countries including 592 530 participants, of which 325 998 were from a single study. Many were small clinical studies from decades ago and rated poor quality. Exocrine pancreas function, indicated by duodenal fluid or serum enzymes, or faecal elastase, was generally impaired in malnutrition. Insulin production was usually low in malnourished children and adults. Glucose disappearance during oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests was variable. Upon treatment of malnutrition, most abnormalities improved but frequently not to control levels. Famine survivors studied decades later showed ongoing impaired glucose tolerance with some evidence of sex differences. The similar findings from anorexia nervosa, famine survivors and poverty- or infection-associated malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) lend credence to results being due to malnutrition itself. Research using large, well-documented cohorts and considering sexes separately, is needed to improve prevention and treatment of exocrine and endocrine pancreas abnormalities in LMIC with a high burden of malnutrition and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Ferdous
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto Campus, Nagasaki, Japan
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Suzanne Filteau
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nanna Buhl Schwartz
- Dept of Nutrition, Sports and Exercise, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sehlulekile Gumede-Moyo
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sharon Elizabeth Cox
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto Campus, Nagasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto Campus, Nagasaki, Japan
- UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, UK
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Zaheen M, Ferdous F, Amarasekera A, Tan T. Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ferdous F, Zaheen M, Amarasekera A, Tan T. Catheter Ablation Versus Medical Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Smith S, Stone A, Oswalt H, Vaughan L, Ferdous F, Scott T, Dunn HW. Evaluation of early post-natal pig mammary gland development and human breast cancer gene expression. Dev Biol 2021; 481:95-103. [PMID: 34662538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women after lung cancer, and only 5% of patients with metastatic breast cancer survive beyond ten years of diagnosis. Considering the heterogeneous subclasses of breast cancer, current cancer models have shortfalls due to copy number variants, and genetic differences of humans and immunocompromised animal models. Preclinical studies indicate stem cell activity in early post-natal mammary development may be reactivated in the human adult as a trigger to initiate cell proliferation leading to breast cancer. The goal of the work reported herein was to compare genetic expression of early development, post-natal pig mammary glands to the literature reported genes implicated in different subclasses of human breast cancer. Differentially expressed genes associated with breast cancer and present in early developing pig samples include NUCB2, ANGPTL4 and ACE. Histological staining confirmed E-cadherin, Vimentin, N-cadherin, and Claudin-1, which are all implicated in malignant cancer. Due to the homology of gene expression patterns in the developing pig mammary gland and reported genes in human breast cancer profiles, this research is worthy of further study to address a potential model using mammary development cues to unravel breast cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Smith
- School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Amber Stone
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Hannah Oswalt
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lewis Vaughan
- University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Farzana Ferdous
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Tom Scott
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Heather W Dunn
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
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Cox SE, Edwards T, Faguer BN, Ferrer JP, Suzuki SJ, Koh M, Ferdous F, Saludar NR, Garfin AMCG, Castro MC, Solon JA. Patterns of non-communicable comorbidities at start of tuberculosis treatment in three regions of the Philippines: The St-ATT cohort. PLOS Glob Public Health 2021; 1:e0000011. [PMID: 36962076 PMCID: PMC10021424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and undernutrition are common risk factors for tuberculosis (TB), associated with poor treatment outcomes and exacerbated by TB. Limited data exist describing patterns and risk factors of multiple comorbidities in persons with TB. Nine-hundred participants (69.6% male) were enrolled in the Starting Anti-TB Treatment (St-ATT) cohort, including 133 (14.8%) initiating treatment for multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). Comorbidities were defined as: diabetes, HbA1c ≥6.5% and/or on medication; hypertension, systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg and/or on medication; anaemia (moderate/severe), haemoglobin <11g/dL; and, undernutrition (moderate/severe) body-mass-index <17 kg/m2. The most common comorbidities were undernutrition 23.4% (210/899), diabetes 22.5% (199/881), hypertension 19.0% (164/864) and anaemia 13.5% (121/899). Fifty-eight percent had ≥1 comorbid condition (496/847), with 17.1% having ≥2; most frequently diabetes and hypertension (N = 57, 6.7%). Just over half of diabetes (54.8%) and hypertension (54.9%) was previously undiagnosed. Poor glycemic control in those on medication (HbA1c≥8.0%) was common (N = 50/73, 68.5%). MDR-TB treatment was associated with increased odds of diabetes (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.55-3.95); but decreased odds of hypertension (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39-0.78). HIV infection was only associated with anaemia (AOR = 4.51, 95% CI: 1.01-20.1). Previous TB treatment was associated with moderate/severe undernutrition (AOR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.40-2.80), as was duration of TB-symptoms before starting treatment and household food insecurity. No associations for sex, alcohol or tobacco use were observed. MDR-TB treatment was marginally associated with having ≥2 comorbidities (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 0.97-2.39). TB treatment programmes should plan for large proportions of persons requiring diagnosis and management of comorbidities with the potential to adversely affect TB treatment outcomes and quality of life. Dietary advice and nutritional management are components of comprehensive care for the above conditions as well as TB and should be included in planning of patient-centred services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Cox
- Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- School of Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tansy Edwards
- School of Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin N Faguer
- School of Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Julius P Ferrer
- Nutrition Center Philippines, Muntinlupa City, Manila, Philippines
| | - Shuichi J Suzuki
- School of Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mitsuki Koh
- School of Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Farzana Ferdous
- School of Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Mary C Castro
- Nutrition Center Philippines, Muntinlupa City, Manila, Philippines
| | - Juan A Solon
- Nutrition Center Philippines, Muntinlupa City, Manila, Philippines
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Jahan Y, Moriyama M, Hossain S, Rahman MM, Ferdous F, Ahmed S, Das SK, Hossain MI, Faruque ASG, Ahmed T, Chisti MJ. Relation of childhood diarrheal morbidity with the type of tube well used and associated factors of Shigella sonnei diarrhea in rural Bangladesh site of the Global Enteric Multicenter Study. Trop Med Health 2019; 47:29. [PMID: 31073272 PMCID: PMC6498693 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-019-0158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diarrheal disease still remains a major public health threat and is often associated with fatal outcome especially in children with shigellosis mostly in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the presence of any associations between drinking shallow tube well (STW) water and childhood shigellosis. A total of 1394 children aged 0–59 months who presented with moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) in Kumudini Women’s Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh, from December 2007 to March 2011 were enrolled into the study. Results Among the study children, STW users often represented poor families (44% vs. 37%, p = 0.010); less often had household electricity (60% vs. 68%, p = 0.001) and cemented floor material (12% vs. 21%, p < 0.001); washed hand before eating (79% vs. 84%, p = 0.020); and had Shigella sonnei infections (7.8% vs. 13.1, p = 0.002) compared to deep tube well (DTW) water families (in bivariate analysis). After adjusting for covariates, a significant negative association was observed between childhood MSD episodes due to Shigella sonnei infections and the use of STW water (aOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.36, 0.79). Conclusions An emergence of less severe Shigella sonnei has replaced relatively more severe Shigella flexneri among the MSD children from DTW-user families. However, more monitoring in terms of disease surveillance for changes in the distribution of Shigella serogroups and serotypes and its upsurges and antimicrobial susceptibility is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Jahan
- 1Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima-shi, Japan
| | - Michiko Moriyama
- 1Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima-shi, Japan
| | - Soroar Hossain
- 3Child Malnutrition Unit, Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Md Moshiur Rahman
- 1Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima-shi, Japan
| | - Farzana Ferdous
- 2Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Japan
| | - Shahnawaz Ahmed
- 3Child Malnutrition Unit, Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Sumon Kumar Das
- 3Child Malnutrition Unit, Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh.,4Child Health Division, Menzies school of health Research, Northern Teritorry, Australia
| | - Md Iqbal Hossain
- 3Child Malnutrition Unit, Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Abu Syed Golam Faruque
- 3Child Malnutrition Unit, Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- 3Child Malnutrition Unit, Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammod Jobayer Chisti
- 3Child Malnutrition Unit, Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
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Zhou Z, Ferdous F, Montagner P, Luchini D, Corrêa M, Loor J. Methionine and choline supply during the peripartal period alter polymorphonuclear leukocyte immune response and immunometabolic gene expression in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10374-10382. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ferdous F, Ahmed S, Das SK, Chisti MJ, Nasrin D, Kotloff KL, Levine MM, Nataro JP, Ma E, Muhsen K, Wagatsuma Y, Ahmed T, Faruque ASG. Pneumonia mortality and healthcare utilization in young children in rural Bangladesh: a prospective verbal autopsy study. Trop Med Health 2018; 46:17. [PMID: 29875615 PMCID: PMC5970515 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-018-0099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to examine the risk factors for death due to pneumonia in young children and healthcare behaviors of the guardians for children in rural Bangladesh. A prospective autopsy study was conducted among guardians of children aged 4 weeks to 59 months in Mirzapur, Bangladesh, from 2008 to 2012. Results Pneumonia was the primary cause of death, accounting for 26.4% (n = 81) of all 307 deaths. Of the pneumonia deaths, 58% (n = 47) deaths occurred in younger infants (aged 4 weeks to < 6 months) and 24.7% (n = 20) in older infants (aged 6–11 months). The median duration of illness before pneumonia death was 8 days (interquartile range [IQR] 3–20 days). Prior to death, 91.4% (n = 74) children with pneumonia sought treatment, and of those who sought treatment, 52.7% (n = 39) sought treatment ≥ 2 days after the onset of disease. Younger infants of 4 weeks to < 6 months old were at 5.5-time (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5, 12.0) and older infants aged 6–11 months were at 3-time (1.2, 7.5) greater risk of dying from pneumonia than older children aged 12–59 months. Children with a prolonged duration of illness (2–10 days) prior to death were at more risk for death by pneumonia than those who died from other causes (5.8 [2.1, 16.1]). Children who died from pneumonia sought treatment 3.4-time more than children who died from other causes. Delayed treatment seeking (≥ 2 days) behavior was 4.9-time more common in children who died from pneumonia than those who died from other causes. Children who died from pneumonia more often had access to care from multiple sources (5.7-time) than children who died from other causes. Conclusions Delay in seeking appropriate care and access to multiple sources for treatment are the underlying risk factors for pneumonia death in young children in Bangladesh. These results indicate the perplexity in guardians’ decisions to secure appropriate treatment for children with pneumonia. Therefore, it further underscores the importance of focusing on mass media coverage that can outline the benefits of seeking care early in the progression of pneumonia and the potential negative consequences of seeking care late. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41182-018-0099-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Ferdous
- 1Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shahnawaz Ahmed
- 2International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sumon Kumar Das
- 2International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.,3School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mohammod Jobayer Chisti
- 2International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Dilruba Nasrin
- 4Center for Vaccine Development and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Karen L Kotloff
- 5Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Myron M Levine
- 5Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - James P Nataro
- 5Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA.,6Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Enbo Ma
- 7Health Promotion Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,9Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Khitam Muhsen
- 8Department of Epidemiology and Prevention Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yukiko Wagatsuma
- 9Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- 2International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Syed Golam Faruque
- 2International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.,10Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddr,b, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
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Ferdous F, Rashid MH, Ma E, Raqib R, Hamada H, Wagatsuma Y. Fetal growth restriction in rural Bangladesh: a prospective study. Trop Med Health 2018; 46:3. [PMID: 29445311 PMCID: PMC5801896 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-018-0083-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal growth restriction (FGR) and low birth weight(LBW) are serious public health problems. In developing countries, the incidence of low birth weight is predominantly the result of FGR, and both low birth weight and FGR are associated with neonatal death and later growth and development. Fetal growth charts are important for assessing the size of the fetus during pregnancy. The aims of this study were to describe the fetal growth pattern of a population in rural Bangladesh where maternal undernutrition is prevalent and to compare the timing of FGR in that population with WHO and INTERGROWTH- 21st international reference values. METHODS From November 2001 to October 2003, pregnant women were recruited in Matlab, a sub district of Bangladesh, and underwent three follow-up ultrasound examinations during pregnancy for measurement of the parameters of the fetal head, abdomen, and femur. The data were fitted to a linear-cubic model, and the derived values were compared with international reference values. RESULTS A total of 2678 singleton pregnancies were included in the analyses. The mean (SD) maternal age was 25.9 (5.8) years (range, 14-47 years). The mean (SD) early pregnancy BMI was 20.1 (2.6) kg/m2, and 27.6% of the women were underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2). The growth of the biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference was significantly smaller throughout the pregnancy than the reference values (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, a larger deviation in the growth of Bangladeshi fetuses was observed after 28 weeks of gestation when compared with the WHO and INTERGROWTH-21st reference fetal growth charts (P ≤ 0.05). After 28 weeks of gestation, the average Bangladesh estimated fetal weight gain per week of gestational age was significantly lower than the WHO estimated fetal weight by as much as 67.4 g (P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The present population-based study showed that fetuses were smaller in the third trimester when compared with the reference charts. Growth faltering started in the second trimester for all the biometric parameters for the head, abdomen, and femur. This finding provides more challenges concerning nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Ferdous
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 Japan
| | - Md. Harunor Rashid
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 Japan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Enbo Ma
- Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 Japan
- Health Promotion Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hiromi Hamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tsukuba University Hospital, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 Japan
| | - Yukiko Wagatsuma
- Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 Japan
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Winkler C, Ferdous F, Dimmick M, Scott T. Lipopolysaccharide induced Interleukin-6 production is mediated through activation of ERK 1/2, p38 MAPK, MEK, and NFκB in chicken thrombocytes. Dev Comp Immunol 2017; 73:124-130. [PMID: 28344171 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thrombocytes express Toll-like receptor 4 and apparently use both mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFKB) pathways for nuclear signaling. However, it is not well known if the same enzyme systems found in mammalian cells are fully functional in chickens. Therefore, kinase inhibitors were used with thrombocytes to block kinases in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated cells to determine if interleukin (IL)-6 expression and production would be diminished. Results demonstrated that extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways influence gene expression of IL-6 through treatment with either ERK or p38 MAPK inhibitor. In addition, thrombocyte lysates from cells treated with ERK, p38, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)1/2 and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase (IKK) inhibitor showed different levels of the phosphorylated form of ERK1/2, p38 and NFκB. Furthermore, IL-6 gene expression and production were significantly upregulated in LPS stimulated thrombocytes relative to all inhibitor-treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, United States
| | - F Ferdous
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, United States
| | - M Dimmick
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, United States
| | - T Scott
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, United States.
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Rashid H, Ma E, Ferdous F, Ekström EC, Wagatsuma Y. First-trimester fetal growth restriction and the occurrence of miscarriage in rural Bangladesh: A prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181967. [PMID: 28732073 PMCID: PMC5521847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction in early pregnancy increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome, which has a significant social and psychological impact on women. There is limited information related to community-based study to evaluate early indicators related to miscarriage. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between fetal growth restriction, measured by ultrasound crown-rump length (CRL), and subsequent occurrence of miscarriage in pregnant women in rural Bangladesh. The study was conducted within the Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions Trial in Matlab (MINIMat study), Bangladesh. A total of 4436 pregnant women were enrolled in the study when they were at less than 14 gestational weeks. The expected CRL was determined based on an established growth curve of gestational age and CRL, and deviation from this curve of CRL was expressed as a z-score. After identifying related covariates, the multiple Poisson regression model was used to determine the independent contribution from the CRL to miscarriage. A total of 3058 singleton pregnant women were included in analyses, with 92 miscarriages and 2966 continued pregnancies. The occurrence of miscarriages was significantly higher in the smaller categories of CRL z-score after adjustments for maternal age, parity, early pregnancy BMI, gestational age at CRL measurement and socioeconomic status (adjusted relative risk [95% confidence interval]: 1.03 [1.02-1.05] for less than -2 z-score). In a rural Bangladesh population, smaller than expected CRL for the gestational age was related to subsequent miscarriage. Ultrasound biometry information together with careful clinical assessment should provide much needed attention and care for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harunor Rashid
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Enbo Ma
- Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Farzana Ferdous
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Eva-Charlotte Ekström
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, International Maternal and Child Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yukiko Wagatsuma
- Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Ferdous F, Saski C, Bridges W, Burns M, Dunn H, Elliott K, Scott TR. Bacterial and Viral Products Affect Differential Pattern Recognition Receptor Activation of Chicken Thrombocytes Evidenced through RNA Sequencing. J Immunol 2017; 199:774-781. [PMID: 28600293 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is now well understood that thrombocytes (nucleated platelets) express TLRs and respond to both bacterial and viral products. Release of proinflammatory molecules can be expected following relatively short exposure times to LPS, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), thymidine homopolymer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide [Poly(dT)], and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [Poly(I:C)]. This study reports the varied expressions of genes encoded for components of the TLR, nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor, and retinoic acid-inducible gene RIG-like receptor signaling pathways in response to the TLR ligands listed above. Highly sensitive RNA-sequencing technologies were used to analyze the complete transcriptome of thrombocytes treated with all four microbial products for a period of 1 h. A total of 14,326 gene transcripts were found in chicken thrombocytes across all ligand exposures. After 1 h of stimulation with ligands, 87, 138, 1013, and 22 genes were upregulated for LTA, LPS, Poly(dT), and Poly(I:C), and 12, 142, 249, and 16 genes were downregulated for LTA, LPS, Poly(dT), and Poly(I:C), respectively, with at least a 1-fold change relative to unexposed thrombocytes. Summarizations of biological processes, protein classes, and biochemical pathways reveal the role of chicken thrombocytes in proinflammatory responses linked to key signaling pathways. TLR, nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor, and retinoic acid-inducible gene RIG-like receptor pathways were mapped based on the transcriptome results with gene expression for common signal and proinflammatory mediators highlighted. The information reported in this study is useful for defining a limited set of proinflammatory molecules to evaluate in cases of either bacterial or viral disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Ferdous
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - Christopher Saski
- Clemson University Genomics and Computational Biology Facility, Institute for Translational Genomics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - William Bridges
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634; and
| | - Matthew Burns
- Clemson Cooperative Extension, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - Heather Dunn
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - Kathryn Elliott
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - Thomas R Scott
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634;
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Adams AM, Ahmed R, Latif AHMM, Rasheed S, Das SK, Hasib E, Farzana FD, Ferdous F, Ahmed S, Faruque ASG. Impact of fortified biscuits on micronutrient deficiencies among primary school children in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174673. [PMID: 28380009 PMCID: PMC5381786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micronutrient deficiencies can compromise the development potential of school-aged children, and their later health and productivity as adults. School feeding and school-based fortification approaches have been utilized globally to redress nutritional deficiencies in this age group. OBJECTIVE We explored the acceptability and micronutrient impact of a Bangladesh Government supported school-based micronutrient fortification program for children attending rural primary schools in 10 disadvantaged sub-districts. METHODS We applied a mixed methods approach. The quantitative component assessed the impact of micronutrient fortification on 351 children aged 6-11 years using a cohort pre-post research design with a control group. The qualitative component explored the acceptability of the intervention using focus group discussions, body mapping and semi-structured interviews with teachers, school-going children and school authorities. RESULTS Daily consumption of fortified biscuits by primary school children had a significant positive impact on mean levels of iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, retinol and vitamin D controlling for sex, baseline deficiency status, CRP, and H. pylori. Levels of anemia and vitamin D deficiency were also significantly reduced. Qualitative findings indicated the widespread acceptability of the daily biscuit. Teachers perceived students to be more attentive in class, less tired, and some attributed better school performance to biscuit consumption. Children reported similar improvements in concentration and energy levels. CONCLUSIONS This study is among the first in Bangladesh to comprehensively assess a school-based fortification program in terms of its acceptability and impact on micronutrient status of children aged 6-11 years of age. While results strongly support this modality of school feeding, research on the cognitive impacts of micronutrient fortified biscuits will help clarify the case for scaled-up investments in school- based feeding program in Bangladesh and other low and middle income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alayne M. Adams
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of International Health, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Rushdia Ahmed
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail: ,
| | - A. H. M. Mahbub Latif
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sabrina Rasheed
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sumon K. Das
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Enamul Hasib
- James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Dil Farzana
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Ferdous
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shahnawaz Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - ASG Faruque
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Rashid H, Kagami M, Ferdous F, Ma E, Terao T, Hayashi T, Wagatsuma Y. Temperature during pregnancy influences the fetal growth and birth size. Trop Med Health 2016; 45:1. [PMID: 28077924 PMCID: PMC5223368 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-016-0041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birth weight and length have seasonal fluctuations. However, it is uncertain which meteorological element has an effect on birth outcomes and which timing of pregnancy would explain such effect. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine temperature effects during pregnancy and which timing of pregnancy has effects on size at birth. METHODS A large, randomized, controlled trial of food and micronutrient supplementation for pregnant women was conducted in Matlab, Bangladesh (MINIMat Study), where women were enrolled from November 2001 to October 2003. The fetal growth data which included the size at birth and information of their mothers were obtained (n = 3267). Meteorological data such as temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and daily sunshine hours during pregnancy were observed at the nearest observatory site of Bangladesh Meteorological Department. RESULTS Infants born in colder months (November-January) were shorter than those born in hot and dry, and monsoon months (mean (SD) of birth length was 47.5 cm (2.2) vs. 47.8 cm (2.1) vs. 47.9 cm (2.1) respectively; P < 0.001). Increased temperature during the last month of pregnancy was significantly related with increased birth length with adjustment for gestational weeks and the season at birth, and remained significant with further adjustments for precipitation, sex of infants, maternal early-pregnancy BMI, parity, and education status of the mother (P < 0.01). On the other hand, increased temperature at mid-gestation was associated with increased birth weight (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that temperature affects both birth weight and length. The more temperature increased at the last month of pregnancy, birth length became longer. For birth weight, the temperature at mid-pregnancy affected in a positive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harunor Rashid
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan ; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Miki Kagami
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Farzana Ferdous
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Enbo Ma
- Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 Japan
| | - Toru Terao
- Faculty of Education, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa Japan
| | - Taiichi Hayashi
- Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Wagatsuma
- Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 Japan
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18
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Ferdous F, Saski C, Bridges W, Burns M, Dunn H, Elliott K, Scott TR. Transcriptome Profile of the Chicken Thrombocyte: New Implications as an Advanced Immune Effector Cell. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163890. [PMID: 27711235 PMCID: PMC5053482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytes are nucleated platelets involved in immune functions such as pathogen recognition and release of pro-inflammatory bioactive compounds when exposed to bacterial and viral molecules. However, the complete role of these cells in innate and adaptive immune responses is not understood, and little is known about their biology at the molecular-genetic level. Highly sensitive RNA-sequencing technologies were used to analyze the complete transcriptome of thrombocytes for the first time with analytical resolution focused on cell-based components of the immune system/response. Amongst all the genes listed in the current chicken genome assembly, 10,041 gene transcripts were found in the chicken thrombocyte. After 1-hour in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Salmonella minnesota), 490 genes were upregulated and 359 genes were downregulated, respectively, with at least a 1-fold change relative to unexposed thrombocytes. Additionally, by constructing a de novo assembly, we were able to identify a total of 3,030 novel genes in the thrombocyte transcriptome. The information generated here is useful in development of novel solutions to lower the economic burden and zoonotic threat that accompanies infectious diseases for birds and fish. In addition, the resources created here have translational utility as a model system to find orthologous genes and genes related to its enucleated counterpart, the platelet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Ferdous
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher Saski
- Clemson University Genomics Institute, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - William Bridges
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew Burns
- Clemson Cooperative Extension, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Heather Dunn
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Elliott
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Scott
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Das SK, Chisti MJ, Ahmed AMS, Malek MA, Ahmed S, Shahunja KM, Ferdous F, Farzana FD, Das J, Rahman A, Al Mamun A, Faruque ASG. Diarrhoea and smoking: an analysis of decades of observational data from Bangladesh. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:646. [PMID: 26164796 PMCID: PMC4499450 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cigarette smoking affects all biological systems of the human body including the gastrointestinal tract, there is a lack of evidence regarding its effect on the severity of diarrhoeal disease and whether a dose-response relationship exists. We therefore tested for the presence of specific causative pathogens for infectious diarrhoea, assessed the independent effect of smoking on its severity and tested whether any dose-response relationship existed while controlling for subjects' age, sociodemographic characteristics and presence of causative pathogens in an urban setting in Bangladesh. METHODS A total of 20,757 patients aged 15 years and above with diarrhoea were enrolled into the Diarrhoeal Disease Surveillance System, managed by the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, from 1993 to 2012. We collected data on individuals' current daily consumption of cigarettes and bidis (traditional hand-rolled cigarettes) and conducted an ordered logistic regression to determine the effect of smoking on diarrhoeal disease severity and whether a dose-response relationship exists. RESULTS We identified 19 % of patients with diarrhoea as smokers, of whom 52 % smoked 1-9 cigarettes per day. While 97 % of smokers were male, 41 % were aged 15-30 years of age. Smokers were found to have a significantly lower severity of diarrhoeal disease (OR: 0.92, 95 % CI: 0.85-0.99, p = 0.025) after adjusting for age, wealth quintile, illiteracy and the presence of specific causative pathogens (Vibrio cholerae and Shigella). We observed no dose-response relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked per day and disease severity when adjusting for the same covariates. Smokers were more frequently infected with Shigella (7 vs. 6 %, p < 0.001) and less often with Vibrio cholerae (22 vs. 26 %, p < 0.001) than their non-smoking counterparts. CONCLUSIONS The aetiology and severity of diarrhoeal disease differed between smokers and non-smokers in our sample. However, we found no dose-response relationship between disease severity and the number of cigarettes smoked per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Kumar Das
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh. .,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Mohammod Jobayer Chisti
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - A M Shamsir Ahmed
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh. .,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Mohammad Abdul Malek
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Shahnawaz Ahmed
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - K M Shahunja
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Farzana Ferdous
- Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Fahmida Dil Farzana
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Jui Das
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Aminur Rahman
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Abu Syed Golam Faruque
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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20
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Ferdous F, Scott T. Bacterial and viral induction of chicken thrombocyte inflammatory responses. Dev Comp Immunol 2015; 49:225-230. [PMID: 25475960 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Thrombocytes express Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that detect bacterial or viral pathogens to signal the release of cytokines and mediators. We examined inflammatory responses when thrombocytes were exposed to four TLR ligands. Treatment of thrombocytes with TLR ligands demonstrates differential effects on gene expression of interleukin (IL)-6. Among the TLR ligands examined, lipopolysaccharide stimulation led to the most significant up-regulation of the IL-6 gene and a significant amount of active IL-6 in thrombocyte culture media. Lipoteichoic acid stimulation led to only marginal up-regulation of IL-6 gene expression. Although gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) did not increase due to different ligand exposure, a low level constitutive expression of iNOS was observed in all cases. Only thrombocytes treated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and thymidine homopolymer phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides induced rapid, significant production of nitric oxide. We also observed that thrombocytes are able to respond faster upon TLR ligand exposure compared to MQ.NCSU macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ferdous
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0311, USA
| | - T Scott
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0311, USA.
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21
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Ferdous F, Scott T. A comparative examination of thrombocyte/platelet immunity. Immunol Lett 2015; 163:32-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sarker MHR, Das SK, Ahmed S, Ferdous F, Das J, Farzana FD, Shahid ASMSB, Shahunja KM, Afrad MH, Malek MA, Chisti MJ, Bardhan PK, Hossain MI, Mamun AA, Faruque ASG. Changing characteristics of rotavirus diarrhea in children younger than five years in urban Bangladesh. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105978. [PMID: 25171098 PMCID: PMC4149481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood rotavirus diarrhea is still one of the major public health challenges. The present study aimed to determine changing characteristics of rotavirus diarrhea in under-5 children at two periods of time. Methods We enrolled 5,357 under-5 children with rotavirus positive in two different time periods; i) 1993-1997 (n = 2,493), and ii) 2008–2012 (n = 2,864) considering beginning and ending of two decades. These children were enrolled in the urban Dhaka Hospital of icddr,b. Results Overall, proportion of rotavirus was about 25% in 1993–97, which was 42% in 2008–12 (68% rise; p<0.001). Significant higher proportion of children were stunted [38% vs. 22%; aOR-1.33 (95% CI-1.09-1.62)], had vomiting [87% vs. 74%; aOR-2.58 (95% CI-2.02-3.28)], fever [10% vs. 8%; aOR-1.31 (95% CI-0.96-1.78)], family members >5 [38% vs. 35%; aOR-1.32 (95% CI-1.10-1.58)] required more intravenous fluid [9% vs. 3%; aOR-4.93 (95% CI-3.19-7.63)], had higher co-infection with Shigella [3% vs. 1%; aOR-3.36 (95% CI-1.61-7.03)], Vibrio cholerae [4% vs. 1%; aOR-3.70 (95% CI-2.12-6.46)]; and ETEC [13% vs. 7%; aOR-2.21 (95% CI-1.65-2.97)]; however, significantly lower proportion of them used sanitary toilets [54% vs. 78%; aOR-0.66 (95% CI-0.54-0.80)], boiled drinking water [16% vs. 38%; aOR-0.60 (95% CI-0.48-0.74)], used antimicrobial at home [63% vs. 82%; aOR-0.56 (95% CI-0.46-0.69)] and had some or severe dehydration [18% vs. 34%; aOR-0.15 (95% CI-0.12-0.20)] in 1st observation period compared to that of 2nd. Conclusion Proportion of episodes of under-5 rotavirus diarrhea increased over the period. Concomitant changes in host, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, and co-infections were also observed. Thus, vaccination campaign which is prevailing in private sector should also be introduced in public sector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumon Kumar Das
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Shahnawaz Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Ferdous
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jui Das
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Dil Farzana
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - K. M. Shahunja
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mokibul Hassan Afrad
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abdul Malek
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Pradip Kumar Bardhan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Iqbal Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Abu S. G. Faruque
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Das SK, Chisti MJ, Afrad MH, Malek MA, Ahmed S, Ferdous F, Farzana FD, Das J, Shahunja KM, Afroze F, Salam MA, Ahmed T, Faruque ASG, Baker PJ, Al Mamun A. Gastroenteritis due to typhoidal Salmonella: a decade of observation at an urban and a rural diarrheal disease hospital in Bangladesh. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:435. [PMID: 25098316 PMCID: PMC4132926 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The study aimed to compare the socio-demographic, host and clinical characteristics, seasonality and antimicrobial susceptibility of Typhoidal Salmonella (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi) (TS) with diarrhea between urban and rural Bangladesh. Methods Relevant information of 77/25,767 (0.30%) and 290/17,622 (1.65%) patients positive with TS (in stool) were extracted from the data archive of Diarrheal Disease Surveillance System of icddr,b (urban Dhaka and rural Matlab Hospitals respectively) during 2000–2012. Comparison group (diarrhea patients negative for TS) was randomly selected from the database (1:3 ratio). Two poisson regression models were investigated for modelling seasonal effects on the number of cases. Results Salmonella Typhi was more frequently isolated in Dhaka than Matlab (57% vs. 5%, p < 0.001); while Salmonella Paratyphi was more frequent in Matlab than Dhaka (96% vs. 43%; p < 0.001). Fever [adj. OR-5.86 (95% CI: 2.16, 15.94)], antimicrobial use at home [5.08 (2.60, 9.90)], and fecal red blood cells [2.53 (1.38, 4.64)] were significantly associated with detection of TS in stool of patient from Dhaka. For Matlab, the correlates were, vomiting [1.88 (1.35, 2.64)], fecal macrophage [1.89 (1.29, 2.74)] in addition to fever and duration of diarrhea and antimicrobial use. At Dhaka, all Salmonella Typhi isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone; while in Dhaka and Matlab however, for ciprofloxacin it was 45% and 91%, respectively. Susceptibility to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and nalidixic acid ranged from 12%-58%. Salmonella Paratyphi were susceptible to ceftriaxone (99%). A significant seasonal trend and year difference (before and after 2007) for Matlab was observed (p < 0.001 for all effects). Dhaka does not show significant year or seasonal effects (p = 0.07 for years and p = 0.81 and p = 0.18 for the cos and sin components, respectively). While not significant, two seasonal peaks were observed in Dhaka (January-February and September-November); while a single peak (August-November) was observed in Matlab. Conclusions Proportion of serovar distribution of TS and their clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility and seasonal pattern were different among diarrhea patients in urban Dhaka and rural Matlab of Bangladesh. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-435) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Abu Syed Golam Faruque
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Ferdous F, Das SK, Ahmed S, Farzana FD, Malek MA, Das J, Latham JR, Faruque ASG, Chisti MJ. Diarrhoea in slum children: observation from a large diarrhoeal disease hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Trop Med Int Health 2014; 19:1170-6. [DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Ferdous
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b); Dhaka Bangladesh
- Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Sumon Kumar Das
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b); Dhaka Bangladesh
- School of Population Health; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
| | - Shahnawaz Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b); Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Dil Farzana
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b); Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abdul Malek
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b); Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Jui Das
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b); Dhaka Bangladesh
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Baker KK, Dil Farzana F, Ferdous F, Ahmed S, Kumar Das S, Faruque ASG, Nasrin D, Kotloff KL, Nataro JP, Kolappaswamy K, Levine MM. Association between moderate-to-severe diarrhea in young children in the global enteric multicenter study (GEMS) and types of handwashing materials used by caretakers in Mirzapur, Bangladesh. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 91:181-189. [PMID: 24778193 PMCID: PMC4080560 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Handwashing practices among caretakers of case and control children < 5 years of age enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study in Mirzapur, Bangladesh were characterized and analyzed for association with moderate-to-severe diarrhea. Soap or detergent ownership was common, yet 48% of case and 47.7% of control caretakers also kept ashes for handwashing, including 36.8% of the wealthiest households. Soap, detergent, and ash were used for multiple hygiene purposes and were kept together at handwashing areas. Caretakers preferred soap for handwashing, but frequently relied on ash, or a detergent/ash mixture, as a low-cost alternative. Moderate-to-severe diarrhea was equally likely for children of caretakers who kept soap versus those who kept ash (matched OR = 0.91; 0.62-1.32). Contact with ash and water reduced concentrations of bacterial enteropathogens, without mechanical scrubbing. Thus, washing hands with ash is a prevalent behavior in Mirzapur and may help diminish transmission of diarrheal pathogens to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly K. Baker
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh; University of Virginia, Pediatrics, Charlottesville, Virginia; Harlan Laboratories Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
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Das SK, Ahmed S, Ferdous F, Farzana FD, Chisti MJ, Latham JR, Talukder KA, Rahman M, Begum YA, Qadri F, Faruque ASG, Ahmed T. Etiological diversity of diarrhoeal disease in Bangladesh. J Infect Dev Ctries 2013; 7:900-9. [PMID: 24334935 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compared the diversity of common diarrhoeal pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility in four hospitals in Bangladesh. METHODOLOGY A total of 13,959 diarrhoea patients, comprising rural Mirzapur (2,820), rural Matlab (2,865), urban Dhaka (5,287) and urban Mirpur (2,987) were included under the diarrhoeal disease surveillance system of icddr,b during 2010-2011; stool specimens were tested for Shigella spp., Vibrio cholerae, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and rotavirus. RESULTS Rotavirus was highest in Mirzapur (28%) followed by Dhaka (24%), Matlab (19%) and Mirpur (18%). Overall, Shigella was significantly more prevalent in rural sites (Mirzapur 13% and Matlab 7%), than in urban sites (Dhaka 3% and Mirpur 3%). Vibrio cholerae was more common in the urban sites of Dhaka (14%) and Mirpur (12%). 72% of Shigella isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin in Mirzapur, and 88% to mecillinam. In Dhaka, the figures for Shigella were 65% and 50%, in Matlab 65% and 85%, and in Mirpur 59% and 92% respectively. Susceptibility of Shigella to azithromycin and ceftriaxone in Dhaka was 74% and 95%, and in Mirpur 88% and 92% respectively. Vibrio cholerae showed the highest resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (100% in Mirpur) and lowest resistance to ciprofloxacin (0% in Dhaka, Matlab and Mirpur) and azithromycin (30% in Dhaka to 7% in Mirzapur). Multidrug resistance (≥3 antibiotics) for Shigella were: Mirzapur (50%); Dhaka (36%); Matlab (23%) and Mirpur (37%); and for V. cholerae it was 26%, 37%, 49% and 23% respectively. CONCLUSION The isolation rates and antimicrobial susceptibility of Shigella spp. and V. cholerae along with rotavirus differed significantly in certain geographical sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Kumar Das
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Ferdous F, Das SK, Ahmed S, Farzana FD, Latham JR, Chisti MJ, Ud-Din AIMS, Azmi IJ, Talukder KA, Faruque ASG. Severity of diarrhea and malnutrition among under five-year-old children in rural Bangladesh. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2013; 89:223-8. [PMID: 23817334 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric pathogens are commonly associated with diarrhea among malnourished children. This study aimed to determine the association between the severity of diarrheal illnesses and malnutrition among under 5-year-old children. During 2010 and 2011, we studied 2,324 under 5-year-old diarrheal children with mild disease (MD) and moderate-to-severe disease (MSD) attending a hospital in Bangladesh. Children with MSD were more likely to be malnourished compared with children with MD (35% versus 24%, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, malnutrition (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.53 [1.22, 1.92]), age of the child (24-59 months; 1.67 [1.28, 2.19]), fever (1.65 [1.28, 2.12]), abdominal pain (1.87 [1.48, 2.37]), straining (5.93 [4.80, 7.33]), and infection with Shigella (3.26 [2.38, 4.46]) and Vibrio cholerae (2.21 [1.07, 4.58]) were shown to be significantly associated with MSD. Factors significantly associated with malnutrition were disease severity (1.56 [1.24, 1.95]), age (24-59 months; 1.75 [1.38, 2.22]), mother's schooling (1.54 [1.16, 2.04]), and monthly household income (1.71 [1.42, 2.07]). Childhood malnutrition was associated with dysentery and dehydrating diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Ferdous
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Das SK, Nasrin D, Ahmed S, Wu Y, Ferdous F, Farzana FD, Khan SH, Malek MA, El Arifeen S, Levine MM, Kotloff KL, Faruque ASG. Health care-seeking behavior for childhood diarrhea in Mirzapur, rural Bangladesh. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2013; 89:62-68. [PMID: 23629937 PMCID: PMC3748503 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated patterns of health care use for diarrhea among children 0–59 months of age residing in Mirzapur, Bangladesh, using a baseline survey conducted during May–June 2007 to inform the design of a planned diarrheal etiology case/control study. Caretakers of 7.4% of 1,128 children reported a diarrheal illness in the preceding 14 days; among 95 children with diarrhea, 24.2% had blood in the stool, 12.2% received oral rehydration solution, 27.6% received homemade fluids, and none received zinc at home. Caretakers of 87.9% sought care outside the home; 49.9% from a pharmacy, and 22.1% from a hospital or health center. The primary reasons for not seeking care were maternal perception that the illness was not serious enough (74.0%) and the high cost of treatment (21.9%). To improve management of childhood diarrhea in Mirzapur, Bangladesh, it will be important to address knowledge gaps in caretakers' assessment of illness severity, appropriate home management, and when to seek care in the formal sector. In addition, consideration should be given to inclusion of the diverse care-giving settings in clinical training activities for diarrheal disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Abu S. G. Faruque
- *Address correspondence to Abu S. G. Faruque, Center for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. E-mail:
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Das SK, Ahmed S, Ferdous F, Farzana FD, Chisti MJ, Leung DT, Malek MA, Talukder KA, Bardhan PK, Salam MA, Faruque ASG, Raqib R. Changing emergence of Shigella sero-groups in Bangladesh: observation from four different diarrheal disease hospitals. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62029. [PMID: 23658619 PMCID: PMC3639224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shigellosis continues to be a public health challenge for developing countries, including Bangladesh. The aim of the study is to demonstrate recent changes in Shigella sero-groups and their geographical diversity. METHODS Data were extracted from data archive of four diarrheal disease surveillance systems. A 2% sub sample from urban Dhaka Hospital (2008-2011; n = 10,650), and 10% from urban Mirpur Treatment Centre (2009-2011; n = 3,585), were enrolled systematically; whereas, all patients coming from the Health and Demographic Surveillance System area in rural Matlab (2008-2011; n = 6,399) and rural Mirzapur (2010-2011; n = 2,812) were included irrespective of age, sex, and disease severity. A fresh stool specimen was collected for identification of Shigella spp. Of them, 315 (3%) were positive for Shigella in Dhaka, 490 (8%) from Matlab, 109 (3%) from Mirpur and 369 (13%) from Mirzapur and considered as analyzable sample size. RESULTS Among all Shigella isolates regardless of age, significant decreases in percentage of S. flexneri over time was observed in Mirpur (55→29%; p value of χ(2)-for trend = 0.019) and Mirzapur (59→47%; p = 0.025). A non-significant decrease was also seen in Dhaka (58→48%), while in Matlab there was a non-significant increase (73→81%). Similar patterns were observed among under-5 children at all sites. Emergence of S. sonnei was found in Dhaka (8→25%; p<0.001) and Mirpur (10→33%; p = 0.015), whereas it decreased in Mirzapur (32→23%; p = 0.056). The emergence of S. boydii was seen in all ages in Mirzapur [(3→28%; p<0.001); (3→27%; p<0.001)]. On the other hand, we saw non-significant percent reductions in S. boydii in Dhaka [overall (25→16%); under-5 (16→9%)]. Decreasing rates of Shigella dysenteriae were observed in Matlab, Mirpur and Mirzapur; whereas, in Dhaka it remained unchanged. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE Emergence of S. sonnei and S. boydii as important infectious diarrhea etiologies and variations in geographical diversity underscore the need for monitoring, with possible implications for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Kumar Das
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnawaz Ahmed
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Ferdous
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Dil Farzana
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammod Jobayer Chisti
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Dhaka Hospital, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Daniel T. Leung
- Centre for Vaccine Science (CVS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abdul Malek
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kaisar Ali Talukder
- Centre for Food and Water Disease (CFWD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Pradip Kumar Bardhan
- Dhaka Hospital, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Abdus Salam
- Research Administration Services (RAS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Syed Golam Faruque
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Centre for Vaccine Science (CVS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Dey SK, Chisti MJ, Das SK, Shaha CK, Ferdous F, Farzana FD, Ahmed S, Malek MA, Faruque ASG, Ahmed T, Salam MA. Characteristics of diarrheal illnesses in non-breast fed infants attending a large urban diarrheal disease hospital in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58228. [PMID: 23520496 PMCID: PMC3592889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lack of breast feeding is associated with higher morbidity and case-fatality from both bacterial and viral etiologic diarrheas. However, there is very limited data on the characteristics of non–breastfed infants attending hospital with diarrheal illnesses caused by common bacterial and viral pathogens. Our objective was to assess the impact of lack of breast feeding on diarrheal illnesses in infants living in urban Bangladesh. Methods We extracted data of infants (0–11 months) for analyses from the data archive of Diarrheal Disease Surveillance System (DDSS) of the Dhaka Hospital of icddr,b for the period 2008–2011. Results The prevalence of breastfeeding in infants attending the hospital with diarrhea reduced from 31% in 2008 to 17% in 2011, with corresponding increase in the prevalence of non-breastfed (chi square for trend <0.001). Among breastfed infants, the incidence of rotavirus infections was higher (43%) among the 0–5 months age group than infants aged 9–11 months (18%). On the other hand, among non-breastfed infants, the incidence of rotavirus infections was much higher (82%) among 9–11 months old infants compared to those in 0–5 months age group (57%) (chi square for trend <0.001). Very similar trends were also observed in the incidence of cholera and ETEC diarrheas among different age groups of breastfed and non-breastfed infants (chi square for trend 0.020 and 0.001 respectively). However, for shigellosis, the statistical difference remained unchanged among both the groups (chi square for trend 0.240). Conclusion and Significance We observed protective role of breastfeeding in infantile diarrhea caused by the major viral and common bacterial agents. These findings underscore the importance of promotion and expansion of breastfeeding campaigns in Bangladesh and elsewhere.
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MESH Headings
- Bangladesh/epidemiology
- Bottle Feeding/adverse effects
- Breast Feeding
- Cholera/epidemiology
- Cholera/etiology
- Cholera/therapy
- Diarrhea, Infantile/epidemiology
- Diarrhea, Infantile/etiology
- Escherichia coli Infections/epidemiology
- Escherichia coli Infections/etiology
- Escherichia coli Infections/therapy
- Female
- Hospitals, Urban
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/epidemiology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/etiology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/therapy
- Male
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Kumer Dey
- Department of Neonatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammod Jobayer Chisti
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sumon Kumar Das
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Chandan Kumar Shaha
- Department of Neonatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Ferdous
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Dil Farzana
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnawaz Ahmed
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abdul Malek
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Syed Golam Faruque
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Security (CNFS), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ferdous F. The Impact of Socio-Economic Conditions and Clinical Characteristics on Improving Childhood Care Seeking Behaviors for Families Living far from the Health Facility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.11648/j.sjph.20130102.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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