1
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Yang Y, Yang R, Deng F, Yang L, Yang G, Liu Y, Tian Q, Wang Z, Li A, Shang L, Cheng G, Zhang L. Immunoactivation by Cutaneous Blue Light Irradiation Inhibits Remote Tumor Growth and Metastasis. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1055-1068. [PMID: 38633599 PMCID: PMC11019738 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
An improved innate immunity will respond quickly to pathogens and initiate efficient adaptive immune responses. However, up to now, there have been limited clinical ways for effective and rapid consolidation of innate immunity. Here, we report that cutaneous irradiation with blue light of 450 nm rapidly stimulates the innate immunity through cell endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation in a noninvasive way. The iron porphyrin-containing proteins, mitochondrial cytochrome c (Cyt-c), and cytochrome p450 (CYP450) can be mobilized by blue light, which boosts electron transport and ROS production in epidermal and dermal tissues. As a messenger of innate immune activation, the increased level of ROS activates the NF-κB signaling pathway and promotes the secretion of immunomodulatory cytokines in skin. Initiated from skin, a regulatory network composed of cytokines and immune cells is established through the circulation system for innate immune activation. The innate immunity activated by whole-body blue light irradiation inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by increasing the infiltration of antitumor neutrophils and tumor-associated macrophages. Our results elucidate the remote immune modulation mechanism of blue light and provide a clinically applicable way for innate immunity activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Fangqing Deng
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Luqiu Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Guanghao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Zixi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Aipeng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Li Shang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Genyang Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Lianbing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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2
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Song G, Zhang Y, Gao H, Fu Y, Chen Y, Yin Y, Xu K. Differences in Immune Characteristics and Related Gene Expression in Spleen among Ningxiang, Berkshire Breeds and Their Hybrid Pigs. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:205. [PMID: 38397195 PMCID: PMC10888219 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the differential immunology in Ningxiang and Berkshire pigs and their F1 offspring (F1 offspring), physiological and biochemical indicators in the plasma and spleen were analyzed. Then, transcriptomic analysis of the spleen identified 1348, 408, and 207 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in comparisons of Ningxiang vs. Berkshire, Berkshire vs. F1 offspring, and Ningxiang vs. F1 offspring, respectively. In Ningxiang vs. Berkshire pigs, the gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that the DEGs included CD163, MARCO, CXCL14, CCL19, and PPBP, which are associated with immunity. GO and KEGG analyses were also conducted comparing F1 offspring and their parents. The DEGs, including BPIFB1, HAVCR2, CD163, DDX3X, CCR5, and ITGB3, were enriched in immune-related pathways. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis indicated that the EGFR and ITGA2 genes were key hub genes. In conclusion, this study identifies significant immune DEGs in different pig breeds, providing data to support the exploration of breeding strategies for disease resistance in local and crossbred pig populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (G.S.); (Y.Z.); (H.G.); (Y.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yuebo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (G.S.); (Y.Z.); (H.G.); (Y.F.)
| | - Hu Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (G.S.); (Y.Z.); (H.G.); (Y.F.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yawei Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (G.S.); (Y.Z.); (H.G.); (Y.F.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
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3
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Álvarez B, Revilla C, Poderoso T, Ezquerra A, Domínguez J. Porcine Macrophage Markers and Populations: An Update. Cells 2023; 12:2103. [PMID: 37626913 PMCID: PMC10453229 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides its importance as a livestock species, pig is increasingly being used as an animal model for biomedical research. Macrophages play critical roles in immunity to pathogens, tissue development, homeostasis and tissue repair. These cells are also primary targets for replication of viruses such as African swine fever virus, classical swine fever virus, and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus, which can cause huge economic losses to the pig industry. In this article, we review the current status of knowledge on porcine macrophages, starting by reviewing the markers available for their phenotypical characterization and following with the characteristics of the main macrophage populations described in different organs, as well as the effect of polarization conditions on their phenotype and function. We will also review available cell lines suitable for studies on the biology of porcine macrophages and their interaction with pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angel Ezquerra
- Departamento de Biotecnología, CSIC INIA, Ctra. De La Coruña, km7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.Á.); (C.R.); (T.P.); (J.D.)
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4
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Nguyen BN, Chávez-Arroyo A, Cheng MI, Krasilnikov M, Louie A, Portnoy DA. TLR2 and endosomal TLR-mediated secretion of IL-10 and immune suppression in response to phagosome-confined Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008622. [PMID: 32634175 PMCID: PMC7340287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that escapes from phagosomes and induces a robust adaptive immune response in mice, while mutants unable to escape phagosomes fail to induce a robust adaptive immune response and suppress the immunity to wildtype bacteria when co-administered. The capacity to suppress immunity can be reversed by blocking IL-10. In this study, we sought to understand the host receptors that lead to secretion of IL-10 in response to phagosome-confined L. monocytogenes (Δhly), with the ultimate goal of generating strains that fail to induce IL-10. We conducted a transposon screen to identify Δhly L. monocytogenes mutants that induced significantly more or less IL-10 secretion in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). A transposon insertion in lgt, which encodes phosphatidylglycerol-prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase and is essential for the formation of lipoproteins, induced significantly reduced IL-10 secretion. Mutants with transposon insertions in pgdA and oatA, which encode peptidoglycan N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase and O-acetyltransferase, are sensitive to lysozyme and induced enhanced IL-10 secretion. A ΔhlyΔpgdAΔoatA strain was killed in BMMs and induced enhanced IL-10 secretion that was dependent on Unc93b1, a trafficking molecule required for signaling of nucleic acid-sensing TLRs. These data revealed that nucleic acids released by bacteriolysis triggered endosomal TLR-mediated IL-10 secretion. Secretion of IL-10 in response to infection with the parental strain was mostly TLR2-dependent, while IL-10 secretion in response to lysozyme-sensitive strains was dependent on TLR2 and Unc93b1. In mice, the IL-10 response to vacuole-confined L. monocytogenes was also dependent on TLR2 and Unc93b1. Co-administration of Δhly and ΔactA resulted in suppressed immunity in WT mice, but not in mice with mutations in Unc93b1. These data revealed that secretion of IL-10 in response to L. monocytogenes infection in vitro is mostly TLR2-dependent and immune suppression by phagosome-confined bacteria in vivo is mostly dependent on endosomal TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney N. Nguyen
- Graduate Group in Microbiology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Alfredo Chávez-Arroyo
- Graduate Group in Microbiology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Mandy I. Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Maria Krasilnikov
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Alexander Louie
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Portnoy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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5
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Sánchez-Carvajal JM, Rodríguez-Gómez IM, Carrasco L, Barranco I, Álvarez B, Domínguez J, Salguero FJ, Gómez-Laguna J. Kinetics of the expression of CD163 and CD107a in the lung and tonsil of pigs after infection with PRRSV-1 strains of different virulence. Vet Res Commun 2019; 43:187-195. [PMID: 31104196 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-019-09755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of virulent strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), causing atypical and severe outbreaks, has been notified worldwide. This study assesses the expression, distribution and kinetics of PRRSV N-protein, CD163 and CD107a in the lung and tonsil from experimentally-infected piglets with three different PRRSV-1 strains: a virulent PRRSV-1 subtype 3 strain (SU1-bel) and two low-virulent subtype 1 strains, Lelystad virus (LV) and 215-06. SU1-bel replicated more efficiently in the lungs and tonsils. The number of CD163+ cells decreased in both tissues from all infected groups at 7 dpi, followed by an increase at the end of the study, highlighting a negative correlation with the number of N-protein+-infected cells. A significant increase in CD107a was observed in all infected groups at 35 dpi but no differences were observed among them. Whereas the initial decrease of CD163+ cells appears to be associated to virus replication and cell death, the later recovery of the CD163+ population may be due to either the induction of CD163 in immature cells, the recruitment of CD163+ cells in the area of infection, or both. These results highlight the ability of macrophage subpopulations in infected animals to recover and restore their potential biological functions at one-month post-infection, with the greatest improvement observed in SU1-bel-infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Sánchez-Carvajal
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'ceiA3', 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Irene M Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'ceiA3', 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Librado Carrasco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'ceiA3', 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Barranco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'ceiA3', 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Belén Álvarez
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Domínguez
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Gómez-Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'ceiA3', 14071, Córdoba, Spain
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6
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Bordet E, Frétaud M, Crisci E, Bouguyon E, Rault S, Pezant J, Pleau A, Renson P, Giuffra E, Larcher T, Bourge M, Bourry O, Boulesteix O, Langevin C, Schwartz-Cornil I, Bertho N. Macrophage-B Cell Interactions in the Inverted Porcine Lymph Node and Their Response to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Front Immunol 2019; 10:953. [PMID: 31130951 PMCID: PMC6510060 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine lymph nodes (LN) present an inverted structure compared to mouse and human, with the afferent lymph diffusing from the center to the periphery. This structure, also observed in close and distant species such as dolphins, hippopotamus, rhinoceros, and elephants, is poorly described, nor are the LN macrophage populations and their relationship with B cell follicles. B cell maturation occurs mainly in LN B cell follicles with the help of LN macrophage populations endowed with different antigen delivery capacities. We identified three macrophage populations that we localized in the inverted LN spatial organization. This allowed us to ascribe porcine LN MΦ to their murine counterparts: subcapsular sinus MΦ, medullary cord MΦ and medullary sinus MΦ. We identified the different intra and extrafollicular stages of LN B cells maturation and explored the interaction of MΦ, drained antigen and follicular B cells. The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major porcine pathogen that infects tissue macrophages (MΦ). PRRSV is persistent in the secondary lymphoid tissues and induces a delay in neutralizing antibodies appearance. We observed PRRSV interaction with two LN MΦ populations, of which one interacts closely with centroblasts. We observed BCL6 up-regulation in centroblast upon PRRSV infection, leading to new hypothesis on PRRSV inhibition of B cell maturation. This seminal study of porcine LN will permit fruitful comparison with murine and human LN for a better understanding of normal and inverted LN development and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Bordet
- VIM-INRA-Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Maxence Frétaud
- VIM-INRA-Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,INRA, EMERG'IN- Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale IERP- Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Elisa Crisci
- VIM-INRA-Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,UMR Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Edwige Bouguyon
- VIM-INRA-Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Stéphane Rault
- VIM-INRA-Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jérémy Pezant
- INRA, UE1277, Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, PFIE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Alexis Pleau
- INRA, UE1277, Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, PFIE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Patricia Renson
- Anses, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Virologie et Immunologie Porcines, Zoopôle, BP53, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne Loire, Cité Internationale, Rennes, France
| | - Elisabetta Giuffra
- UMR Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Mickael Bourge
- I2BC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Bourry
- Anses, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Virologie et Immunologie Porcines, Zoopôle, BP53, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne Loire, Cité Internationale, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Boulesteix
- INRA, UE1277, Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, PFIE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Langevin
- VIM-INRA-Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,INRA, EMERG'IN- Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale IERP- Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Nicolas Bertho
- VIM-INRA-Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, Nantes, France
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7
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Liu K, Ren XM, You QS, Gu MM, Wang F, Wang S, Ma CH, Li WN, Ye Q. Ameliorative Effect of Dangguibuxue Decoction against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Heart Injury in Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8503109. [PMID: 30515415 PMCID: PMC6236918 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8503109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dangguibuxue decoction (DBD), a kind of Chinese herbal medicine, has been widely used to treat blood deficiency disease in China. In this experiment, we studied the effects of the Dangguibuxue decoction (DBD) on the myocardial injury induced by cyclophosphamide in mice. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum were detected by commercial kits. Total white blood cell (WBCs), platelets, and cytokines pathological changes of heart tissue were also examined. In addition, the protein levels of the NF-кB pathway were detected to reveal its mechanism. The results showed that DBD significantly decreased the levels of ALT, AST, CK, and LDH and increased WBCs in CTX-induced mice. In addition, DBD significantly alleviated pathological changes of heart tissue. DBD significantly reduced the protein expressions of NF-кB signaling pathway. In summary, DBD can be considered an effective drug to alleviate CTX-induced heart damage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiu-mei Ren
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qing-sheng You
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ming-Ming Gu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chun-Hui Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei-Nan Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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8
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Franko J, McCall JL, Barnett JB. Evaluating Macrophages in Immunotoxicity Testing. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1803:255-296. [PMID: 29882145 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8549-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous group of cells that have a multitude of functions depending on their differentiation state. While classically known for their phagocytic and antigen presentation abilities, it is now evident that these cells fulfill homeostatic functions beyond the elimination of invading pathogens. In addition, macrophages have also been implicated in the downregulation of inflammatory responses following pathogen removal, tissue remodeling, repair, and angiogenesis. Alterations in macrophage differentiation and/or activity due to xenobiotic exposure can have grave consequences on organismal homeostasis, potentially contributing to disease due to immunosuppression or chronic inflammatory responses, depending upon the pathways affected. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the macrophages subtypes, their origin and a general discussion of several different assays used to assess their functional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Franko
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jamie L McCall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - John B Barnett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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9
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Ercoli G, Fernandes VE, Chung WY, Wanford JJ, Thomson S, Bayliss CD, Straatman K, Crocker PR, Dennison A, Martinez-Pomares L, Andrew PW, Moxon ER, Oggioni MR. Intracellular replication of Streptococcus pneumoniae inside splenic macrophages serves as a reservoir for septicaemia. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:600-610. [PMID: 29662129 PMCID: PMC6207342 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial septicaemia is a major cause of mortality, but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. In experimental pneumococcal murine intravenous infection, an initial reduction of bacteria in the blood is followed hours later by a fatal septicaemia. These events represent a population bottleneck driven by efficient clearance of pneumococci by splenic macrophages and neutrophils, but as we show in this study, accompanied by occasional intracellular replication of bacteria that are taken up by a subset of CD169+ splenic macrophages. In this model, proliferation of these sequestered bacteria provides a reservoir for dissemination of pneumococci into the bloodstream, as demonstrated by its prevention using an anti-CD169 monoclonal antibody treatment. Intracellular replication of pneumococci within CD169+ splenic macrophages was also observed in an ex vivo porcine spleen, where the microanatomy is comparable with humans. We also showed that macrolides, which effectively penetrate macrophages, prevented septicaemia, whereas beta-lactams, with inefficient intracellular penetration, failed to prevent dissemination to the blood. Our findings define a shift in our understanding of the pneumococcus from an exclusively extracellular pathogen to one with an intracellular phase. These findings open the door to the development of treatments that target this early, previously unrecognized intracellular phase of bacterial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ercoli
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Vitor E Fernandes
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Wen Y Chung
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Unit, Leicester General Hospital, University of Hospitals of Leicester, NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Joseph J Wanford
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sarah Thomson
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Kornelis Straatman
- Centre for Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Paul R Crocker
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Ashley Dennison
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Unit, Leicester General Hospital, University of Hospitals of Leicester, NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Luisa Martinez-Pomares
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter W Andrew
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Marco R Oggioni
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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10
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De Pelsmaeker S, Devriendt B, Leclercq G, Favoreel HW. Porcine NK cells display features associated with antigen-presenting cells. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 103:129-140. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0417-163rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steffi De Pelsmaeker
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Georges Leclercq
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Herman W. Favoreel
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
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11
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Bone marrow-derived innate macrophages attenuate oxazolone-induced colitis. Cell Immunol 2017; 311:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Yuste M, Fernández-Caballero T, Prieto C, Álvarez B, Martínez-Lobo J, Simarro I, Castro JM, Alonso F, Ezquerra Á, Domínguez J, Revilla C. Splenic CD163 + macrophages as targets of porcine reproductive and respiratory virus: Role of Siglecs. Vet Microbiol 2016; 198:72-80. [PMID: 28062010 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
CD169 and CD163 have been involved in the process of PRRS virus attachment and infection in macrophages, although recent studies have challenged the requirement for CD169. In addition to CD169, macrophages express other siglecs, whose role in PRRS virus infection is so far unknown. Splenic CD163+ macrophages express Siglec-3 and Siglec-5 but almost undetectable levels of CD169. Hence, we considered this cell population appropriate for analysing the role of these siglecs in the attachment and internalization of PRRS virus into macrophages. PRRS virus replicated efficiently in these macrophages, yielding even higher titres than in alveolar macrophages. Besides, a recombinant protein consisting in the ectodomain of porcine Siglec-3 fused to the Fc fragment of human IgG1 (Siglec3-Fc) was able to bind PRRS virus, while binding to Siglec-5-Fc was inconsistent. Antibodies to CD169 but not to Siglec-3 or Siglec-5 blocked the binding and infection of PRRS virus on alveolar macrophages. Unexpectedly, our antibody to CD169 also blocked the binding of PRRS virus to splenic CD163+ macrophages, whereas antibodies to Siglec-3 or Siglec-5 had no effect. These results show that very low levels of CD169 expression are enough to support the attachment and internalization of PRRS virus into macrophages, whereas Siglec-3 and Siglec-5 do not seem to contribute to the virus entry in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Yuste
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Fernández-Caballero
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cinta Prieto
- Dpto. Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Álvarez
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Lobo
- Dpto. Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Simarro
- Dpto. Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Castro
- Dpto. Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Alonso
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Ezquerra
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Domínguez
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Revilla
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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López-Robles G, Silva-Campa E, Burgara-Estrella A, Hernández J. Characterization of antigen-presenting cells from the porcine respiratory system. Res Vet Sci 2015; 100:80-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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