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Ortiz M, Esteban MÁ. Biology and functions of fish thrombocytes: A review. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109509. [PMID: 38493985 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review examines the role of fish thrombocytes, cells considered functionally analogous to platelets in terms of coagulation, but which differ in their origin and morphology. Despite the evolutionary distance between teleosts and mammals, genomic studies reveal conserved patterns in blood coagulation, although there are exceptions such as the absence of factors belonging to the contact system. Beyond coagulation, fish thrombocytes have important immunological functions. These cells express both proinflammatory genes and genes involved in antigen presentation, suggesting a role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Moreover, having demonstrated their phagocytic abilities, crucial in the fight against pathogenic microorganisms, underscores their multifaceted involvement in immunity. Finally, the need for further research on the functions of these cells is highlighted, in order to better understand their involvement in maintaining the health of aquaculture fish. The use of standardized and automated methods for the analysis of these activities is advocated, emphaiszing their potential to facilitate the early detection of stress or infection, thus minimizing the economic losses that these adverse situations can generate in the field of aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ortiz
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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2
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Ferdous F, Scott T. The Immunological Capacity of Thrombocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12950. [PMID: 37629130 PMCID: PMC10454457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytes are numerous in the blood of aves (birds) and ichthyoids (fish). The origin of this cell type is a common hematopoietic stem cell giving rise to a cell that is active in blood coagulation, inflammatory functions, and the immune response in general. It has been well documented that thrombocytes can phagocytize small particles and bacteria. While phagocytosis with an associated oxidative burst has been reported for chicken thrombocytes, some questions remain as to the degradation capacity of phagosomes in ichthyoids. As innate cells, thrombocytes can be stimulated by bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens to express altered gene expression. Furthermore, there have been observations that led researchers to state that platelets/thrombocytes are capable of serving as "professional antigen presenting cells" expressing CD40, CD80/86, MHC I, and MHC II. This indeed may be the case or, more likely at this time, provide supporting evidence that these cells aid and assist in the role of professional antigen-presenting cells to initiate adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Ferdous
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Thomas Scott
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, 129 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
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Choi JH, Kim JH, Kang JC. The mercury accumulation and its effects on antioxidant and immune responses in starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus exposed to dietary mercury. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108658. [PMID: 36868538 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of inorganic mercury (Hg) on fish. Inorganic Hg is less toxic than organic Hg, but it is used more in human daily life, such as manufacturing Hg batteries and fluorescent lamps. For this reason, inorganic Hg was used in this study. Starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus (mean weight 43.9 ± 4.4 g; mean length 14.2 ± 0.4 cm) were exposed for 4 weeks to the different levels of dietary inorganic Hg at concentrations of 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 mg Hg/kg, and depuration was performed for 2 weeks after exposure. Bioaccumulation of Hg in the tissues was observed to increase significantly, in following order: intestine > head kidney > liver > gills > muscle. Antioxidant responses (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH)) were significantly increased. Immune responses (lysozyme and phagocytosis activity) were substantially decreased. The results of this study suggest that dietary inorganic Hg induces bioaccumulation in specific tissues, increases antioxidant responses and decreases immune responses. After the depuration period for 2 weeks, it was effective to alleviate bioaccumulation in tissues. However, antioxidant and immune responses were limited to be attenuated for recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Choi
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life and Medical Science, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Chan Kang
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.
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Gopi N, Iswarya A, Vijayakumar S, Jayanthi S, Nor SAM, Velusamy P, Vaseeharan B. Protective effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic Bacillus licheniformis Dahb1 against ammonia induced immunotoxicity and oxidative stress in Oreochromis mossambicus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 259:109379. [PMID: 35609808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of probiotics in mitigating ammonia-induced toxicity in fish. Fish were divided into four groups: control, only probiotic, only ammonia, and combined ammonia + probiotic. For 8 weeks, the Oreochromis mossambicus were exposed to waterborne ammonia at 1.0 mg L-1 and/or dietary Bacillus licheniformis Dahb1 at 107 cfu g-1. After the 4th and 8th weeks, the fish were evaluated for growth performance, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) reduced glutathione (GSH), neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase - AChE), non-specific immune responses (lysozyme (LYZ), myeloperoxidase (MPO), reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNS and ROS) and oxidative stress effects (lipid peroxidation (LPO), DNA damage)). Our results showed that in the absence of waterborne ammonia exposure, B. licheniformis Dahb1 significantly improved growth performance, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity, AChE activity, non-specific immune response and decreased oxidative stress effect. Ammonia exposure resulted in significantly lower growth performance, reduced enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant ability, decreased AChE activity, decreased non-specific immune response and increased oxidative stress effect. When O. mossambicus were exposed to ammonia, supplementation with B. licheniformis Dahb1 in the diet significantly increased survival, indicating that it may have a significant protective effect against ammonia toxicity by enhancing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant ability, activity of AChE, non-specific immune response and reduced oxidative stress effect. According to our findings, diet supplementation of B. licheniformis Dahb1 (107 cfu g-1) has the potential to combat ammonia toxicity in O. mossambicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Gopi
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6(th) Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004,Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arokiadhas Iswarya
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6(th) Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004,Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Agricultural Research Organization, 7528809 Rishon, Letziyon, Israel
| | - Sekar Vijayakumar
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6(th) Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004,Tamil Nadu, India; Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Sangily Jayanthi
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6(th) Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004,Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Siti Azizah Mohd Nor
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Palaniyandi Velusamy
- Research & Development Wing, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (SBMCH)- Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai 600 044, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6(th) Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004,Tamil Nadu, India.
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Lympho-Hematopoietic Microenvironments and Fish Immune System. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050747. [PMID: 35625475 PMCID: PMC9138301 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Teleost fish, the most abundant group of vertebrates, represent an excellent tool to establish possible correlations between the histological organization of their lymphoid organs and their immunological capacities. This approach allows us to analyze embryonic and larval lymphopoiesis, the remarkable organization of the teleost thymus, the role of the kidney as a true equivalent of the lympho-hematopoietic bone marrow of higher vertebrates, the mechanisms of antigen trapping in both ellipsoids and the so-called melano-macrophage centers (MMCs) and their relation with the generation of memory and the lack of germinal centers, and the extended development of the lymphoid tissue associated to mucosae. Abstract In the last 50 years information on the fish immune system has increased importantly, particularly that on species of marked commercial interest (i.e., salmonids, cods, catfish, sea breams), that occupy a key position in the vertebrate phylogenetical tree (i.e., Agnatha, Chondrichtyes, lungfish) or represent consolidated experimental models, such as zebrafish or medaka. However, most obtained information was based on genetic sequence analysis with little or no information on the cellular basis of the immune responses. Although jawed fish contain a thymus and lympho-hematopoietic organs equivalents to mammalian bone marrow, few studies have accounted for the presumptive relationships between the organization of these cell microenvironments and the known immune capabilities of the fish immune system. In the current review, we analyze this topic providing information on: (1) The origins of T and B lymphopoiesis in Agnatha and jawed fish; (2) the remarkable organization of the thymus of teleost fish; (3) the occurrence of numerous, apparently unrelated organs housing lympho-hematopoietic progenitors and, presumably, B lymphopoiesis; (4) the existence of fish immunological memory in the absence of germinal centers.
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He Y, Zhu W, Xu T, Liao Z, Su J. Identification and immune responses of thrombocytes in bacterial and viral infections in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:314-323. [PMID: 35306178 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thrombocytes are an important component in peripheral blood cells and play a crucial role in immune regulation. CD41 is one of the biomarkers of thrombocytes. In this study, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) CD41 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography. Subsequently, New Zealand rabbits were immunized with this protein via subcutaneous injection. The antibody titer examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was 1:12800. The concentration of rabbit polyclonal antibody purified by HiTrap-rprotein-AFF affinity chromatography column was 1.9 mg/mL. The specificity was identified by SDS-PAGE, Western blot, flow cytometry, and indirect immunofluorescence assays. The purified antibody was used to screen grass carp thrombocytes, and CD41+ cells were 14.13%. CD41+ cells were further verified by Giemsa staining, transmission electron microscopy and RT-PCR. mRNA expression of CD41 in thrombocytes was not affected by viral or bacterial challenge in vitro, while CD41 transcripts were remarkably induced post pathogenic infections in vivo, which results from the immature hematopoietic stem cells and thrombocytes. Indirect immunofluorescence assay revealed that grass carp reovirus (GCRV) could not invade thrombocytes; however, mRNA expressions of some representative innate immune genes (IFN1, IL-1β, TNFα and Mx2) were significantly up-regulated post GCRV challenge. Meanwhile, the transcripts of some innate immune genes (IL-6 and TNFα) were swiftly increased post bacterial infection. These results indicated that the rabbit anti-CD41 polyclonal antibody possesses good specificity and can effectively bind to the CD41 protein on the surface of grass carp thrombocytes. Grass carp thrombocytes participate in immune regulation in viral and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tianbing Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Wang X, Wu Z, Wu S, Chen X, Hanif M, Zhang S. Hematological and cytochemical characteristics of peripheral blood cells in the argus snakehead ( Ophiocephalus argus Cantor). PeerJ 2021; 9:e11234. [PMID: 33981499 PMCID: PMC8083180 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The argus snakehead (Ophiocephalus argus Cantor) is a highly nutritious, freshwater, cultured bony fish with a high economic value. The health of the fish is closely related to its blood cells, which are critical for oxygen transport, natural defense, and immunity. We investigated the morphometry, microstructure, and cytochemical characteristics of the peripheral blood cells of O. argus. Our results may provide the basic reference values needed to monitor the health of this fish for large-scale cultivation. METHODS The number of blood cells in O. argus were counted on a hemocytometer and their size was measured using a micrometer under light microscope. The morphology and classification of the blood cells were studied using Wright's staining and the cytochemical characteristics were studied using seven chemical stains including peroxidase (POX), Sudan black B (SBB), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), chloroacetic acid AS-D naphthol esterase (AS-D), and α-naphthol acetate esterase (α-NAE). RESULTS The peripheral blood cells in O. argus can be classified as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes; of which, females had 2.9597 million/mm3, 88,400/mm3, and 43,600/mm3, respectively, and males had 3.0105 million/mm3, 105,500/mm3, and 34,000/mm3, respectively. Leukocytes consisted of neutrophils, monocytes, large lymphocytes, and small lymphocytes. Eosinophils and basophils were not found. Monocytes were the most numerous leukocytes identified, followed by neutrophils and small lymphocytes, while large lymphocytes were the least frequently identified. Cytochemical staining showed that erythrocytes were only positive for PAS staining. Neutrophils were strongly positive for POX, SBB, and ACP, and positive for all the other cytochemical stains. Monocytes were positive for PAS and α-NAE and were weakly positive for ACP and AS-D staining. Large lymphocytes were positive for PAS and were weakly positive for ALP, AS-D, and α-NAE staining. Small lymphocytes were positive for PAS and weakly positive for AS-D and α-NAE staining. Thrombocytes were positive for PAS and were weakly positive for ACP and AS-D, but negative for the remaining cytochemical stains. The morphology of peripheral blood cells in O. argus was generally similar to that of other fish species, while the cytochemical staining patterns showed clear species specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhengjie Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Shengmei Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Xianxian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Misbah Hanif
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shengzhou Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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Levy-Pereira N, Yasui GS, Evangelista MM, Nascimento NF, Santos MP, Siqueira-Silva DH, Monzani PS, Senhorini JA, Pilarski F. In vivo phagocytosis and hematology in Astyanax altiparanae, a potential model for surrogate technology. BRAZ J BIOL 2020; 80:336-344. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.205893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Although the potential of surrogate propagation technology for aquaculture and conservation of Neotropical fish, the poor understanding of the host immune system may results in rejection and destruction of the donor material. Thus, it is necessary to study and to develop methods to evaluate the effects of immunosuppressive drugs employment and to evaluate the immunocompatibility between donor and receptor. Thus, the present study aimed to optimize a methodology to assess in vivo phagocytosis in Astyanax altiparanae using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to evaluate their hematological response resultant from the inflammatory induction. To this, S. cerevisiae were labeled with Congo red and injected in the coelomic cavity of A. altiparanae at the concentration of 2.5 x 106 cells mL-1. A PBS solution and a non-injected group were kept as control. Fish blood was sampled and the phagocytic capacity and index were determined at 1, 2, 3 and 6 h post-injection (hpi). The yeast injection successfully stimulated phagocytosis, with the best result for phagocytosis assessment after 2 hpi. Moreover, it was achieved a high traceability of phagocytized and non-phagocytized yeast under optic microscopy analysis due to the Congo red labeling. The hematological profile was similar to usually observed in early infections, indicating lymphocyte migration to inflammatory site and increase in number of circulating phagocytes due to natural response to inflammatory stimulus. In conclusion, our method was efficient to assess in vivo phagocytosis in A. altiparanae and will be an important tool to evaluate the efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs in this species. Additionally, these results may serve as support for further studies in fish immunocompetence, both in laboratory and in field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Levy-Pereira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brasil; Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasil
| | - G. S. Yasui
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasil; Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brasil
| | - M. M. Evangelista
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brasil; Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasil
| | | | | | - D. H. Siqueira-Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Brasil
| | - P. S. Monzani
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | - J. A. Senhorini
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasil; Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brasil
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Perussolo MC, Guiloski IC, Lirola JR, Fockink DH, Corso CR, Bozza DC, Prodocimo V, Mela M, Ramos LP, Cestari MM, Acco A, Silva de Assis HC. Integrated biomarker response index to assess toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of paracetamol in a neotropical catfish (Rhamdia quelen). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109438. [PMID: 31310901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are amongst the most commonly detected classes of pharmaceuticals in freshwater environments, with paracetamol being the most abundant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations (0.25, 2.5 and 25 μg.L-1) of paracetamol in Rhamdia quelen fish exposed for 14 days using different biomarkers. The total count of leukocytes and thrombocytes was reduced at the highest concentration. In the gills, all concentrations of paracetamol reduced the glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels compared to the control group. The activity of catalase (CAT) was not altered and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity increased at the highest concentrations. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased at 25 μg.L-1 and the LPO levels increased at 2.5 μg.L-1 when compared to the control group. The concentration of ROS was not different among the groups. In the posterior kidney the activities of GST (2.5 μg.L-1), CAT (2.5 μg.L-1 and at 25 μg. L-1) and GPx and GSH levels increased at all concentrations when compared to the control group. The SOD activity and LPO levels did not change. Paracetamol caused genotoxicity in the blood and gills at concentrations of 2.5 μg.L-1 and in the posterior kidney at 2.5 and 25 μg.L-1. An osmoregulatory imbalance in plasma ions and a reduction in the carbonic anhydrase activity in the gills at 0.25 μg.L-1 were observed. Histopathological alterations occurred in the gills of fish exposed to 25 μg.L-1 and in the posterior kidney at 0.25 and 25 μg.L-1 of paracetamol. The integrated biomarker index showed that the stress caused by the concentration of 25 μg.L-1 was the highest one. These results demonstrated toxic effects of paracetamol on the gills and posterior kidneys of fish, compromising their physiological functions and evidencing the need for monitoring the residues of pharmaceuticals released into aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara C Perussolo
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Izonete Cristina Guiloski
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Roratto Lirola
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Douglas Henrique Fockink
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of
Paraná (UFPR), P.O. Box 19032, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Rita Corso
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Deivyson Cattine Bozza
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Viviane Prodocimo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Maritana Mela
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19031, 81530- 980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Pereira Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of
Paraná (UFPR), P.O. Box 19032, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Alexandra Acco
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Abstract
Thrombocytes in vertebrates other than mammals, inter alia in fish, are analogues of platelets in mammals. In Osteichthyes, these cells take part in haemostatic processes, including aggregation and release reactions in cases of blood vessel damage, and in the immune response development as well. This paper discusses the development of thrombocytes in Osteichthyes, taking into account the need to make changes to the concept of grouping progenitor cells as suggested in the literature. The following pages present the morphological and cytochemical properties of thrombocytes as well as their defence functions, and also point out differences between thrombocytes in fish and platelets in mammals. The paper further highlights the level of thrombocytes' immune activity observed in fish and based on an increased proportion of these cells in response to antigenic stimulation, on morphological shifts towards forms characteristic of dendritic cells after antigenic stimulation and on the presence of surface structures and cytokines released through, inter alia, gene expression of TLR receptors, MHC class II protein-coding genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The study also points out the need to recognise thrombocytes in Osteichthyes as specialised immune cells conditioning non-specific immune mechanisms and playing an important role in affecting adaptive immune mechanisms.
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Habibu B, Dzenda T, Ayo J, Yaqub L, Kawu M. Haematological changes and plasma fluid dynamics in livestock during thermal stress, and response to mitigative measures. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Mathias FT, Fockink DH, Disner GR, Prodocimo V, Ribas JLC, Ramos LP, Cestari MM, Silva de Assis HC. Effects of low concentrations of ibuprofen on freshwater fish Rhamdia quelen. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 59:105-113. [PMID: 29558665 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ibuprofen is a pharmaceutical drug widely used by the global population and it has been found in aquatic ecosystems in several countries. This study evaluated the effects of ibuprofen in environmental concentrations (0, 0.1, 1 and 10 μg/L) on the freshwaterspecies Rhamdia quelen exposed for 14 days. In the posterior kidney, ibuprofen increased glutathione-S-transferase activity in all groups exposed. Furthermore, increased glutathione peroxidase activity and the levels of reduced glutathione in the group exposed to 10 μg/L. Ibuprofen decreased the carbonic anhydrase activity in the posterior kidney in all exposed groups, and increased the activity in the gills in group exposed to 0.1 μg/L. The levels of plasma magnesium increased in groups exposed to 0.1 and 1 μg/L. In the blood, ibuprofen decreased the white blood cell count in groups exposed to 0.1 e 1.0 μg/L. Therefore, these results indicated that ibuprofen caused nephrotoxicity and demonstrated immunosuppressive effect in Rhamdia quelen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas Henrique Fockink
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81530-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Geonildo Rodrigo Disner
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81530-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Viviane Prodocimo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81530-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - João Luiz Coelho Ribas
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81530-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Pereira Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81530-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81530-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Kim JH, Park HJ, Hwang IK, Han JM, Kim DH, Oh CW, Lee JS, Kang JC. Toxic effects of juvenile sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria by ammonia exposure at different water temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 54:169-176. [PMID: 28743066 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria (mean length 17.1±2.4cm, and mean weight 75.6±5.7g) were used to evaluate toxic effects on antioxidant systems, immune responses, and stress indicators by ammonia exposure (0, 0.25, 0.75, and 1.25mg/L) at different water temperature (12 and 17°C) in 1 and 2 months. In antioxidant responses, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly increased by ammonia exposure, whereas glutathione (GSH) was decreased. In immune responses, lysozyme and phagocytosis activity were significantly increased by ammonia exposure. In stress indicators, plasma glucose, heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70), and cortisol were significantly increased. At high water temperature (17°C), alterations by ammonia exposure were more distinctly. The results of this study indicated that ammonia exposure can induce toxic effects in the sablefish, and high water temperature can affect the ammonia exposure toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hwan Kim
- West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Park
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ki Hwang
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Han
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Woong Oh
- Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sick Lee
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Chan Kang
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Kim SH, Kim JH, Park MA, Hwang SD, Kang JC. The toxic effects of ammonia exposure on antioxidant and immune responses in Rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii during thermal stress. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:954-959. [PMID: 26528677 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii (mean weight 14.53 ± 1.14 cm, and mean weight 38.36 ± 3.45 g) were exposed for 4 weeks (2 weeks and 4 weeks) with the different levels of ammonia in the concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0mg/L at 19 and 24°C. The ammonia exposure induced significant alterations in antioxidant responses. The activities of SOD, CAT, and GST were considerably increased by the ammonia exposure depending on water temperature, whereas the GSH level was notably decreased after 2 and 4 weeks. In the stress indicators, the cortisol and HSP 70 were significantly elevated by the exposure to ammonia depending on water temperature. In innate immune responses, the phagocytosis and lysozyme activity were notably decreased by ammonia exposure depending on water temperature after 2 and 4 weeks. The results suggest that ammonia exposure depending on water temperature can induce the considerable alterations in antioxidant responses, stress, and immune inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hu Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Ae Park
- Aquatic life disease control division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 619-902, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Don Hwang
- Aquatic life disease control division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 619-902, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Chan Kang
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
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