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Fuad MMH, Tichopád T, Ondračková M, Civáňová Křížová K, Seifertová M, Voříšková K, Demko M, Vetešník L, Šimková A. Trematode Diplostomum pseudospathaceum inducing differential immune gene expression in sexual and gynogenetic gibel carp ( Carassius gibelio): parasites facilitating the coexistence of two reproductive forms of the invasive species. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1392569. [PMID: 38983863 PMCID: PMC11231671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1392569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parasite-mediated selection is considered one of the potential mechanisms contributing to the coexistence of asexual-sexual complexes. Gibel carp (Carassius gibelio), an invasive fish species in Europe, often forms populations composed of gynogenetic and sexual specimens. Methods The experimental infection was induced in gynogenetic and sexual gibel carp using eye-fluke Diplostomum pseudospathaceum (Trematoda), and the transcriptome profile of the spleen as a major immune organ in fish was analyzed to reveal the differentially expressed immunity-associated genes related to D. pseudospathaceum infection differing between gynogenetic and sexual gibel carp. Results High parasite infection was found in gynogenetic fish when compared to genetically diverse sexuals. Although metacercariae of D. pseudospathaceum are situated in an immune-privileged organ, our results show that eye trematodes may induce a host immune response. We found differential gene expression induced by eye-fluke infection, with various impacts on gynogenetic and sexual hosts, documenting for the majority of DEGs upregulation in sexuals, and downregulation in asexuals. Differences in gene regulation between gynogenetic and sexual gibel carp were evidenced in many immunity-associated genes. GO analyses revealed the importance of genes assigned to the GO terms: immune function, the Notch signaling pathway, MAP kinase tyrosine/threonine/phosphatase activity, and chemokine receptor activity. KEGG analyses revealed the importance of the genes involved in 12 immunity-associated pathways - specifically, FoxO signaling, adipocytokine signaling, TGF-beta signaling, apoptosis, Notch signaling, C-type lectin receptor signaling, efferocytosis, intestinal immune network for IgA production, insulin signaling, virion - human immunodeficiency virus, Toll-like receptor signaling, and phosphatidylinositol signaling system. Discussion Our study indicates the limited potential of asexual fish to cope with higher parasite infection (likely a loss of capacity to induce an effective immune response) and highlights the important role of molecular mechanisms associated with immunity for the coexistence of gynogenetic and sexual gibel carp, potentially contributing to its invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mehedi Hasan Fuad
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Tichopád
- Laboratory of Non-Mendelian Evolution, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Science, Liběchov, Czechia
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodňany, Czechia
| | - Markéta Ondračková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Mária Seifertová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Kristýna Voříšková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Demko
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lukáš Vetešník
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Andrea Šimková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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Karami AM, Duan Y, Kania PW, Buchmann K. Responses towards eyefluke (Diplostomum pseudospathaceum) in different genetic lineages of rainbow trout. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276895. [PMID: 36301982 PMCID: PMC9612474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marker-assisted selective breeding of fish with higher levels of resistance towards specific pathogens may improve fish health, but the impact of host genotype on susceptibility to multiple pathogen infections is still poorly investigated. This study examined the resistance in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss towards infection with the eye fluke Diplostomum pseudospathaceum. We used genetically selected rainbow trout, carrying SNPs associated with resistance towards the parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, and exposed the fish to eye fluke cercariae. We showed that fish partly resistant to I. multifiliis were more susceptible to eye fluke invasion. The expression of immune relevant genes (encoding innate and adaptive factors) was also affected as these genotypes responded less strongly to a secondary fluke infection. The complexity of genome architecture in disease resistance towards multiple pathogens is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma M. Karami
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Yajiao Duan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Per W. Kania
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kurt Buchmann
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Duan Y, von Gersdorff Jørgensen L, Kania PW, Karami AM, Al‐Jubury A, Buchmann K. Eye fluke effects on Danish freshwater fish: Field and experimental investigations. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1785-1798. [PMID: 34289126 PMCID: PMC9292478 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Eye flukes in fish are common in freshwater lakes. Fish become infected by the penetration of cercariae released from freshwater snails, and high infection pressures may be associated with mortalities in a Danish lake. Examination of two other freshwater lakes, combined with laboratory study, supported the notion. We investigated 77 freshwater fish from two lakes and the infection level suggested the occurrence of a high cercarial infection pressure in the Danish lakes. Dominant genera were Tylodelphys and Diplostomum covering a range of species identified by PCR and sequencing of the 18S (partial)-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S (partial) of the rDNA. Cercariae of the prevalent species Diplostomum pseudospathaceum were used to infect zebrafish Danio rerio for the elucidation of short-term effects on the fish host. Zebrafish did not display abnormal behaviour when exposed to 200-400 cercariae, but a dosage of 600 and 1,000 cercariae/fish proved lethal. When fish were exposed to sublethal dosages, 19 out of 27 immune genes were significantly regulated and three genes encoding cytokine (IL 4/13B, IL-6 and IL-8) were upregulated at 3 hr post-infection (hpi), whereas others were downregulated especially at a later time point. We suggest that direct massive cercarial penetration of fish surfaces may be detrimental and may represent a threat to fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajiao Duan
- Laboratory of Aquatic PathobiologyDepartment of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Louise von Gersdorff Jørgensen
- Laboratory of Aquatic PathobiologyDepartment of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Per Walter Kania
- Laboratory of Aquatic PathobiologyDepartment of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Asma M. Karami
- Laboratory of Aquatic PathobiologyDepartment of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Azmi Al‐Jubury
- Laboratory of Aquatic PathobiologyDepartment of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Kurt Buchmann
- Laboratory of Aquatic PathobiologyDepartment of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
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Byadgi O, Massimo M, Dirks RP, Pallavicini A, Bron JE, Ireland JH, Volpatti D, Galeotti M, Beraldo P. Innate immune-gene expression during experimental amyloodiniosis in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 234:110217. [PMID: 33647857 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The ectoparasite protozoan Amyloodinium ocellatum (AO) is the causative agent of amyloodiniosis in European seabass (ESB, Dicentrarchus labrax). There is a lack of information about basic molecular immune response mechanisms of ESB during AO infestation. Therefore, to compare gene expression between experimental AO-infested ESB tissues and uninfested ESB tissues (gills and head kidney) RNA-seq was adopted. The RNA-seq revealed multiple differentially expressed genes (DEG), namely 679 upregulated genes and 360 downregulated genes in the gills, and 206 upregulated genes and 170 downregulated genes in head kidney. In gills, genes related to the immune system (perforin, CC1) and protein binding were upregulated. Several genes involved in IFN related pathways were upregulated in the head kidney. Subsequently, to validate the DEG from amyloodiniosis, 26 ESB (mean weight 14 g) per tank in triplicate were bath challenged for 2 h with AO (3.5 × 106/tank; 70 dinospores/mL) under controlled conditions (26-28 °C and 34‰ salinity). As a control group (non-infested), 26 ESB per tank in triplicate were also used. Changes in the expression of innate immune genes in gills and head kidney at 2, 3, 5, 7 and 23 dpi were analysed using real-time PCR. The results indicated that the expression of cytokines (CC1, IL-8) and antimicrobial peptide (Hep) were strongly stimulated and reached a peak at 5 dpi in the early infestation stage, followed by a gradual reduction in the recovery stage (23 dpi). Noticeably, the immunoglobulin (IgM) expression was higher at 23 dpi compared to 7 dpi. Furthermore, in-situ hybridization showed positive signals of CC1 mRNA in AO infested gills compared to the control group. Altogether, chemokines were involved in the immune process under AO infestation and this evidence allows a better understanding of the immune response in European seabass during amyloodiniosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar Byadgi
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Michela Massimo
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Ron P Dirks
- Future Genomics Technologies B.V., Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alberto Pallavicini
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgeri 5, 34126, Trieste, Italy; National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics, via Piccard 54, 34151, Trieste, Italy
| | - James E Bron
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Jacquie H Ireland
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Donatella Volpatti
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Marco Galeotti
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Paola Beraldo
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
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Ye H, Lin Q, Luo H. Applications of transcriptomics and proteomics in understanding fish immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:319-327. [PMID: 29631024 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With the development of intensive aquaculture, economic losses increasingly result from fish mortality due to pathogen infection. In recent years, a growing number of researchers have used transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to study fish immune responses to exogenous pathogen infection. Integrating transcriptomic and proteomic analyses provides a better understanding of the fish immune system including gene expression, regulation, and the intricate biological processes underlying immune responses against infection. This review focuses on the recent advances in the fields of transcriptomics and proteomics, which have contributed to our understanding of fish immunity to exogenous pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ye
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hui Luo
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China.
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Sudhagar A, Kumar G, El-Matbouli M. Transcriptome Analysis Based on RNA-Seq in Understanding Pathogenic Mechanisms of Diseases and the Immune System of Fish: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010245. [PMID: 29342931 PMCID: PMC5796193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the advent of next-generation sequencing along with the development of various bioinformatics tools, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq)-based transcriptome analysis has become much more affordable in the field of biological research. This technique has even opened up avenues to explore the transcriptome of non-model organisms for which a reference genome is not available. This has made fish health researchers march towards this technology to understand pathogenic processes and immune reactions in fish during the event of infection. Recent studies using this technology have altered and updated the previous understanding of many diseases in fish. RNA-Seq has been employed in the understanding of fish pathogens like bacteria, virus, parasites, and oomycetes. Also, it has been helpful in unraveling the immune mechanisms in fish. Additionally, RNA-Seq technology has made its way for future works, such as genetic linkage mapping, quantitative trait analysis, disease-resistant strain or broodstock selection, and the development of effective vaccines and therapies. Until now, there are no reviews that comprehensively summarize the studies which made use of RNA-Seq to explore the mechanisms of infection of pathogens and the defense strategies of fish hosts. This review aims to summarize the contemporary understanding and findings with regard to infectious pathogens and the immune system of fish that have been achieved through RNA-Seq technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sudhagar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna 1210, Austria.
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Rohtak Centre, Haryana 124411, India.
| | - Gokhlesh Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna 1210, Austria.
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna 1210, Austria.
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Jacobson G, Muncaster S, Mensink K, Forlenza M, Elliot N, Broomfield G, Signal B, Bird S. Omics and cytokine discovery in fish: Presenting the Yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) as a case study. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 75:63-76. [PMID: 28416435 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A continued programme of research is essential to overcome production bottlenecks in any aquacultured fish species. Since the introduction of genetic and molecular techniques, the quality of immune research undertaken in fish has greatly improved. Thousands of species specific cytokine genes have been discovered, which can be used to conduct more sensitive studies to understand how fish physiology is affected by aquaculture environments or disease. Newly available transcriptomic technologies, make it increasingly easier to study the immunogenetics of farmed species for which little data exists. This paper reviews how the application of transcriptomic procedures such as RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) can advance fish research. As a case study, we present some preliminary findings using RNA-Seq to identify cytokine related genes in Seriola lalandi. These will allow in-depth investigations to understand the immune responses of these fish in response to environmental change or disease and help in the development of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Jacobson
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Simon Muncaster
- School Applied Science, Bay of Plenty Polytechnic, 70 Windermere Dr, Poike, Tauranga 3112, New Zealand
| | - Koen Mensink
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Forlenza
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nick Elliot
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Grant Broomfield
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Beth Signal
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Steve Bird
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
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Blasco-Costa I, Locke SA. Life History, Systematics and Evolution of the Diplostomoidea Poirier, 1886: Progress, Promises and Challenges Emerging From Molecular Studies. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2017; 98:167-225. [PMID: 28942769 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Diplostomoidea mature in amniotes and employ vertebrates, annelids and molluscs as second intermediate hosts. Diplostomoid life cycles generally follow a three-host pattern typical of digeneans, but novelties have arisen in some species, including obligate four-host life cycles, vertical transmission, and intracellular parasitism. In this review, we summarize the basic biology of diplostomoids with reference to molecular studies, and present challenges, gaps and areas where molecular data could address long-standing questions. Our analysis of published studies revealed that most molecular surveys find more diplostomoid species than expected, but this tendency is influenced by how much effort goes into examining specimens morphologically and the number of sequenced worms. To date, molecular work has concentrated disproportionately on intraspecific or species-level diversity of larval stages in the Diplostomidae in temperate northern regions. Although the higher taxonomy of the superfamily is recognized to be in need of revision, little molecular work has been conducted at this level. Our phylogenetic analysis indicates several families and subfamilies require reconsideration, and that larval morphotypes are more reflective of evolutionary relationships than definitive hosts. The host associations of adult diplostomoids result from host-switching processes, whereas molecular surveys indicate that larval diplostomoid metacercariae have narrow ranges of second intermediate hosts, consistent with coevolution. Molecular data are often used to link diplostomoid developmental stages, and we provide data from adult Neodiplostomum and Mesoophorodiplostomum that correct earlier misidentifications of their larval stages and propose alternatives to collecting definitive hosts.
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Hablützel PI, Brown M, Friberg IM, Jackson JA. Changing expression of vertebrate immunity genes in an anthropogenic environment: a controlled experiment. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:175. [PMID: 27586387 PMCID: PMC5009682 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0751-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of anthropogenic environments on the function of the vertebrate immune system is a problem of general importance. For example, it relates to the increasing rates of immunologically-based disease in modern human populations and to the desirability of identifying optimal immune function in domesticated animals. Despite this importance, our present understanding is compromised by a deficit of experimental studies that make adequately matched comparisons between wild and captive vertebrates. Results We transferred post-larval fishes (three-spined sticklebacks), collected in the wild, to an anthropogenic (captive) environment. We then monitored, over 11 months, how the systemic expression of immunity genes changed in comparison to cohort-matched wild individuals in the originator population (total n = 299). We found that a range of innate (lyz, defbl2, il1r-like, tbk1) and adaptive (cd8a, igmh) immunity genes were up-regulated in captivity, accompanied by an increase in expression of the antioxidant enzyme, gpx4a. For some genes previously known to show seasonality in the wild, this appeared to be reduced in captive fishes. Captive fishes tended to express immunity genes, including igzh, foxp3b, lyz, defbl2, and il1r-like, more variably. Furthermore, although gene co-expression patterns (analyzed through gene-by-gene correlations and mutual information theory based networks) shared common structure in wild and captive fishes, there was also significant divergence. For one gene in particular, defbl2, high expression was associated with adverse health outcomes in captive fishes. Conclusion Taken together, these results demonstrate widespread regulatory changes in the immune system in captive populations, and that the expression of immunity genes is more constrained in the wild. An increase in constitutive systemic immune activity, such as we observed here, may alter the risk of immunopathology and contribute to variance in health in vertebrate populations exposed to anthropogenic environments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0751-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martha Brown
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Ida M Friberg
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK
| | - Joseph A Jackson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK.
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Scharsack JP, Franke F, Erin NI, Kuske A, Büscher J, Stolz H, Samonte IE, Kurtz J, Kalbe M. Effects of environmental variation on host–parasite interaction in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). ZOOLOGY 2016; 119:375-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Haase D, Rieger JK, Witten A, Stoll M, Bornberg-Bauer E, Kalbe M, Schmidt-Drewello A, Scharsack JP, Reusch TB. Comparative transcriptomics of stickleback immune gene responses upon infection by two helminth parasites, Diplostomum pseudospathaceum and Schistocephalus solidus. ZOOLOGY 2016; 119:307-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Rahn AK, Krassmann J, Tsobanidis K, MacColl ADC, Bakker TCM. Strong neutral genetic differentiation in a host, but not in its parasite. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 44:261-271. [PMID: 27421211 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The genetic diversity and population structure of a parasite with a complex life cycle generally depends on the dispersal by its most motile host. Given that high gene flow is assumed to hinder local adaptation, this can impose significant constraints on a parasite's potential to adapt to local environmental conditions, intermediate host populations, and ultimately to host-parasite coevolution. Here, we aimed to examine the population genetic basis for local host-parasite interactions between the eye fluke Diplostomum lineage 6, a digenean trematode with a multi-host life cycle (including a snail, a fish, and a bird) and its second intermediate host, the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. We developed the first microsatellite primers for D. lineage 6 and used them together with published stickleback markers to analyse host and parasite population structures in 19 freshwater lakes, which differ in their local environmental characteristics regarding water chemistry and Diplostomum abundance. Our analyses suggest that one parasite population successfully infects a range of genetically differentiated stickleback populations. The lack of neutral genetic differentiation in D. lineage 6, which could be attributed to the motility of the parasite's definitive host as well as its life cycle characteristics, makes local host-parasite co-adaptations seem more likely on a larger geographical scale than among the lakes of our study site. Our study provides a suitable background for future studies in this system and the first microsatellite primers for a widespread fish parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Rahn
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Johannes Krassmann
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kostas Tsobanidis
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrew D C MacColl
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Theo C M Bakker
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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13
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Lester RJG, McVinish R. Does moving up a food chain increase aggregation in parasites? J R Soc Interface 2016; 13:20160102. [PMID: 27170651 PMCID: PMC4892263 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
General laws in ecological parasitology are scarce. Here, we evaluate data on numbers of fish parasites published by over 200 authors to determine whether acquiring parasites via prey is associated with an increase in parasite aggregation. Parasite species were grouped taxonomically to produce 20 or more data points per group as far as possible. Most parasites that remained at one trophic level were less aggregated than those that had passed up a food chain. We use a stochastic model to show that high parasite aggregation in predators can be solely the result of the accumulation of parasites in their prey. The model is further developed to show that a change in the predators feeding behaviour with age may further increase parasite aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J G Lester
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - R McVinish
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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