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Hiers RD, Khajotia SS, Merritt J, Esteban Florez FL. Optimization of an ultra-bright real-time high-throughput renilla luciferase assay for antibacterial assessment of Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Dent Mater 2024; 40:1313-1321. [PMID: 38876827 PMCID: PMC11330348 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present work demonstrates the optimization of a renilla-based real-time, ultra-bright, non-disruptive, high-throughput bioluminescence assay (HTS) to assess the metabolism of intact Streptococcus mutans biofilms and its utility in screening the antibacterial efficacy of experimental nanofilled dental adhesive resins containing varying concentrations of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (N_TiO2). METHODS Optimization of the assay was achieved by screening real-time bioluminescence changes in intact Streptococcus mutans biofilms imposed by the various experimental biofilm growth parameters investigated (bacterial strain, growth media, sucrose concentration, dilution factor, and inoculum volume). The optimized assay was then used to characterize the antibacterial efficacy of experimental nanofilled dental adhesive resins. The assay's ability to discriminate between bacteriostatic and bactericidal approaches was also investigated. RESULTS Relative Light Units (RLU) values from the HTS optimization were analyzed by multivariate ANOVA (α = 0.05) and coefficients of variation. An optimized HTS bioluminescence assay was developed displaying RLUs values (brightness) that are much more intense when comparing to other previously reported bioluminescence assays, thereby decreasing the error associated with bioluminescence assays and displaying better utility while investigating the functionalities of antimicrobial nanofilled experimental dental adhesive resins with proven long-term properties. SIGNIFICANCE The present study is anticipated to positively impact subsequent research on dental materials and oral microbiology because it serves as a valuable screening tool in metabolic-based assays with increased sensitivity and robustness. The assay reported is anticipated to be further optimized to be used as a co-reporter for other Luc based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Denise Hiers
- The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, 1201 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA.
| | - Sharukh Soli Khajotia
- The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, 1201 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA.
| | - Justin Merritt
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, MRB424, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Fernando Luis Esteban Florez
- The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, 1201 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA.
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Tanaka CJ, Rodrigues JA, Pingueiro JMS, Macedo TT, Feres M, Shibli JA, Bueno-Silva B. Antibacterial Activity of a Bioactive Tooth-Coating Material Containing Surface Pre-Reacted Glass in a Complex Multispecies Subgingival Biofilm. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1727. [PMID: 37376175 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive materials were developed with the ability to release fluoride and provide some antimicrobial potential, to be widely used in dentistry today. However, few scientific studies have evaluated the antimicrobial activity of bioactive surface pre-reacted glass (S-PRG) coatings (PRG Barrier Coat, Shofu, Kyoto, Japan) on periodontopathogenic biofilms. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of S-PRG fillers on the microbial profile of multispecies subgingival biofilms. A Calgary Biofilm Device (CBD) was used to grow a 33-species biofilm related to periodontitis for 7 days. The S-PRG coating was applied on CBD pins from the test group and photo-activated (PRG Barrier Coat, Shofu), while the control group received no coating. Seven days after treatment, the total bacterial counts, metabolic activity, and microbial profile of the biofilms were observed using a colorimetric assay and DNA-DNA hybridization. Statistical analyses were applied; namely, the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn's post hoc tests. The bacterial activity of the test group was reduced by 25.7% compared with that of the control group. A statistically significant reduction was observed for the counts of 15 species: A. naeslundii, A. odontolyticus, V. parvula, C. ochracea, C. sputigena, E. corrodens, C. gracilis, F. nucleatum polymorphum, F. nucleatum vincentii, F. periodonticum, P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, G. morbillorum, S. anginosus, and S. noxia (p ≤ 0.05). The bioactive coating containing S-PRG modified the composition of the subgingival biofilm in vitro, thereby decreasing colonization by pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Junji Tanaka
- School of Dentistry, Mogi das Cruzes University, Mogi das Cruzes 08780-911, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Guarulhos University UNIVERITAS/UNG, Guarulhos 07011-010, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Sao Judas Tadeu University, Sao Paulo 05503-001, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Augusto Rodrigues
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Guarulhos University UNIVERITAS/UNG, Guarulhos 07011-010, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Sao Judas Tadeu University, Sao Paulo 05503-001, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Marcos Spessoto Pingueiro
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Guarulhos University UNIVERITAS/UNG, Guarulhos 07011-010, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Tiemi Macedo
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Guarulhos University UNIVERITAS/UNG, Guarulhos 07011-010, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Magda Feres
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Guarulhos University UNIVERITAS/UNG, Guarulhos 07011-010, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Division of Periodontology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jamil Awad Shibli
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Guarulhos University UNIVERITAS/UNG, Guarulhos 07011-010, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bueno-Silva
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Guarulhos University UNIVERITAS/UNG, Guarulhos 07011-010, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Hong Q, Pierre-Bez AC, Kury M, Curtis ME, Hiers RD, Esteban Florez FL, Mitchell JC. Shear Bond Strength and Color Stability of Novel Antibacterial Nanofilled Dental Adhesive Resins. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:1. [PMID: 36615911 PMCID: PMC9823690 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Experimental adhesives containing co-doped metaloxide nanoparticles were demonstrated to display strong and long-term antibacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans biofilms. The present study represents an effort to characterize the shear-bond strength (SBS) and color stability (CS) of these novel biomaterials. Experimental adhesives were obtained by dispersing nitrogen and fluorine co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NF_TiO2, 10%, 20% or 30%, v/v%) into OptiBond Solo Plus (OPTB). Dentin surfaces were wet-polished (600-Grit). Specimens (n = 5/group) of Tetric EvoCeram were fabricated and bonded using either OPTB or experimental (OPTB + NF_TiO2) adhesives. Specimens were stored in water (37 °C) for twenty-four hours (T1), three months (T2), and six months (T3). At T1, T2, or T3, specimens were removed from water storage and were tested for SBS. Disc-shaped specimens (n = 10/group; d = 6.0 mm, t = 0.5 mm) of adhesives investigated were fabricated and subjected to thermocycling (10,000 cycles, 5−55 °C, 15 s dwell time). Specimens’ colors were determined with a VITA Easyshade® V spectrophotometer (after every 1000 cycles). SBS data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests, while CS data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests (α = 0.05). Mean values of SBS ranged from 16.39 ± 4.20 MPa (OPTB + 30%NF_TiO2) to 19.11 ± 1.11 MPa (OPTB), from 12.99 ± 2.53 MPa (OPTB + 30% NF_TiO2) to 14.87 ± 2.02 (OPTB) and from 11.37 ± 1.89 (OPTB + 20% NF_TiO2) to 14.19 ± 2.24 (OPTB) after twenty-four hours, three months, and six months of water storage, respectively. Experimental materials had SBS values that were comparable (p > 0.05) to those from OPTB independently of nanoparticle concentration or time-point considered. Experimental materials with higher NF_TiO2 concentrations had less intense color variations and were more color stable than OPTB even after 10,000 thermocycles. In combination, the results reported have demonstrated that experimental adhesives can establish strong and durable bonds to human dentin while displaying colors that are more stable, thereby suggesting that the antibacterial nanotechnology investigated can withstand the harsh conditions within the oral cavity without compromising the esthetic component of dental restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hong
- College of Dental Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | | | - Matheus Kury
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Mark E. Curtis
- Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Rochelle D. Hiers
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Fernando L. Esteban Florez
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - John C. Mitchell
- College of Dental Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
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Komalsingsakul A, Srisatjaluk RL, Senawongse P. Effect of brushing on surface roughness, fluoride release, and biofilm formation with different tooth-colored materials. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:389-398. [PMID: 35028062 PMCID: PMC8739752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Tooth brushing, material mechanical ageing procedure, is the most effective way in removing biofilm. The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface roughness, fluoride-release, and S. mutans biofilm formation on various tooth-colored restorative materials before and after brushing. Materials and methods Discs of materials, a nanocomposite (Filtek Z350XT; CO), a giomer (Beautifil II; GIOMER), a resin-modified glass-ionomer material (Fuji II LC; RMGI), and a conventional glass-ionomer material (Fuji IX GP Extra; GI), were prepared, polished with abrasive discs (SofLex), and divided into brushed and not brushed groups. The surface roughness of specimens was observed using a contact profilometer, fluoride-release was measured using a fluoride-specific ion electrode, and S. mutans biofilm formation, biovolume and live/dead cells, was observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope. Results Higher roughness was observed on GI and RMGI than on CO and GIOMER. Brushing had no effect on the roughness. The fluoride-release of GI and RMGI was higher than that of GIOMER. The fluoride-release decreased after brushing in all materials. The biovolume of S. mutans was not significantly different between GIOMER, RMGI and GI, while CO showed the highest. Brushing resulted in a higher biovolume for all materials, except CO, which showed no change. After brushing, all the tested materials demonstrated identical biovolumes. There were no significant differences in live/dead cells among all groups. Conclusion Brushing demonstrated a negative effect on the fluoride-release and biovolume of S. mutans biofilms for all tested materials except nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Komalsingsakul
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Pisol Senawongse
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Nima G, Harth-Chu E, Hiers RD, Pecorari VGA, Dyer DW, Khajotia SS, Giannini M, Florez FLE. Antibacterial efficacy of non-thermal atmospheric plasma against Streptococcus mutans biofilm grown on the surfaces of restorative resin composites. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23800. [PMID: 34893687 PMCID: PMC8664839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) against Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Resin discs were fabricated, wet-polished, UV sterilized, and immersed in water for monomer extraction (37 °C, 24 h). Biofilms of bioluminescent S. mutans strain JM10 was grown on resin discs in anaerobic conditions for (37 °C, 24 h). Discs were divided into seven groups: control (CON), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), only argon gas 150 s (ARG) and four NTAP treatments (30 s, 90 s, 120 s, 150 s). NTAP was applied using a plasma jet device. After treatment, biofilms were analyzed through the counting of viable colonies (CFU), bioluminescence assay (BL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All NTAP-treated biofilm yielded a significant CFU reduction when compared to ARG and CON. BL values showed that NTAP treatment for 90 s, 120 s or 150 s resulted in statistically significantly lower metabolic activity when compared to the other groups. CHX displayed the lowest means of CFU and BL. SEM showed significant morphological changes in NTAP-treated biofilm. PCR indicated damage to the DNA structure after NTAP treatment. NTAP treatment was effective in lowering the viability and metabolism of S. mutans in a time-dependent manner, suggesting its use as an intraoral surface-decontamination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Nima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Erika Harth-Chu
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rochelle Denise Hiers
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - David W Dyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sharukh Soli Khajotia
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Operative Dentistry Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luis Esteban Florez
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Moussa HA, Wasfi R, Abdeltawab NF, Megahed SA. High Counts and Anthracene Degradation Ability of Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella parvula Isolated From the Oral Cavity of Cigarette Smokers and Non-smokers. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:661509. [PMID: 34262538 PMCID: PMC8273657 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.661509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and metabolic functions of oral microbiota are affected by many factors including smoking leading to several health problems. Cigarette smoking is associated with changes in oral microbiota composition and function. However, it is not known if the depletion of certain bacterial genera and species is due to specific toxins in cigarette smoke, or indirectly due to competition for colonization with smoking-enriched bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of cigarette smoking on the microbial prevalence and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) biodegradation of selected enriched and depleted oral bacteria from oral microbiota of smokers compared to that in non-smokers. Samples of oral rinse from smokers and non-smokers were collected (n = 23, 12 smokers and 11 non-smokers) and screened for oral bacterial strains of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp., and Veillonella spp. Comparing counts, S. mutans, V. tobetsuensis, and V. dispar showed higher counts in smokers compared to non-smokers while the Lactobacillus spp. were higher in non-smokers. Lactobacillus fermentum was prevalent in smokers, representing 91.67% of the total Lactobacillus spp. isolates. The biodegradation potential of anthracene; a representative of PAHs of collected isolates, in single and mixed cultures, was assayed with anthracene as the sole source of carbon using 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (2,6-DCPIP) as indicator. S. mutans isolates recovered from smokers showed higher degradation of anthracene compared to those recovered from non-smokers. The anaerobic anthracene biodegradation activity of V. parvula isolates from non-smokers was the highest among all isolates of the three recovered genera from the same subject. The anthracene biodegradation potential of Lactobacillus spp. was variable. Combinations of isolated bacteria in co-cultures showed that Lactobacillus spp. interfered with anthracene biodegradation ability along with the viable counts of S. mutans and Veillonella spp. In conclusion, oral dysbiosis due to cigarette smoking was observed not only due to changes in oral bacterial relative abundance but also extended to bacterial functions such as anthracene biodegradation tested in this study. Microbe-microbe interactions changed the anthracene biodegradation potential and growth of the microbial mixture compared to their corresponding single isolates, and these changes differ according to the constituting bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hams A. Moussa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Reham Wasfi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Nourtan F. Abdeltawab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salwa A. Megahed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Schneider BJ, Hiers RD, Currier GF, Kadioglu O, Johnston SE, Zhao YD, Esteban Florez FL, Khajotia SS. Assessment of Streptococcus mutans biofilms on orthodontic adhesives over 7 days. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 160:50-57. [PMID: 34090735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to compare the metabolism of Streptococcus mutans biofilms after 1-7 days of growth on different orthodontic adhesives. METHODS Specimens of 6 commercial orthodontic adhesives were fabricated in custom-made molds and polymerized using a light-emitting diode light-curing unit. Bioluminescent S mutans (UA159:JM10) biofilms were grown on ultraviolet-sterilized specimens for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days (n = 18 biofilms/d/product) in anaerobic conditions at 37°C. The metabolism of biofilms (relative luminescence unit [RLU]) was measured 0, 2, 4, and 6 minutes after exposure to D-luciferin solution using a microplate reader. A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the logarithm of RLU (log RLU). The model included fixed effects of products, days, and minutes. Tukey-Kramer post-hoc tests were then performed on the significant predictors of log RLU (α = 0.05). RESULTS Days (P <0.0001) and minutes (P <0.0001) were independent predictors of log RLU, but the products were not (P = 0.5869). After adjusting for minutes, the log RLU was analyzed with a post-hoc test, and all differences between days were significant with the exceptions of day 3 from day 5 (P = 0.0731) and day 5 from day 7 (P = 0.8802). After adjusting for day, log RLU was analyzed with a post-hoc test and all differences in minutes were significant. CONCLUSIONS No significant differences in the metabolism of S mutans biofilms were observed among the 6 orthodontic adhesives. Biofilms that were grown for 3 days demonstrated the highest levels of biofilm metabolism as evidenced by higher mean log RLU values relative to 1, 5, and 7-day growth durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Schneider
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Rochelle D Hiers
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - G Frans Currier
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Onur Kadioglu
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Sarah E Johnston
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Yan D Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Fernando L Esteban Florez
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Sharukh S Khajotia
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla.
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Mushashe AM, Farias IC, Gonzaga CC, Cunha LFD, Ferracane JL, Correr GM. Surface Deterioration of Indirect Restorative Materials. Braz Dent J 2020; 31:264-271. [PMID: 32667515 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202002982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of in vitro and in situ biodegradation on the surface characteristics of two resin cements and a hybrid ceramic system. One hundred and eighty specimens (4X1.5mm) of each material (Maxcem Elite, NX3 Nexus and Vita Enamic) were made and randomly distributed in twelve groups (n=15) according to the material and biodegradation method. The specimens were then submitted to the following challenges: storage in distilled water 37 ºC for 24 h or 7 days, storage for 7 days, at 37 ºC, in stimulated saliva or in situ. The in situ stage corresponded to the preparation of 15 intraoral palatal devices, used for 7 days. Each device presented 3 niches, where a sample of each materials was accommodated. Specimens from both saliva and in situ groups suffered a cariogenic challenge, corresponding to the application of a solution of 20% of sucrose, 10 times throughout each day. After each biodegradation method, the surface roughness (Ra), Vickers hardness (VHN) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyzes were performed. The data collected were evaluated by Levene test, two-way ANOVA and Tukey`s test (α=5%). The in situ challenge promoted the greater biodegradation, regardless of the material. Regarding the materials, the Vita Enamic VHN was negatively affected by all biodegradation methods and the Nexus NX3 presented better performance than the self-adhesive cement tested. Therefore, within the conditions of this work, it was concluded that in situ biodegradation can affect negatively the surface characteristics of indirect restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jack Libório Ferracane
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health, Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Bai X, Lin C, Wang Y, Ma J, Wang X, Yao X, Tang B. Preparation of Zn doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Zn-MSNs) for the improvement of mechanical and antibacterial properties of dental resin composites. Dent Mater 2020; 36:794-807. [PMID: 32349876 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this work was to explore the enhancement effect of zinc doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Zn-MSNs), which could form micromechanical interlocking with resin matrix and sustainably release Zn2+, on the mechanical and antibacterial properties of the dental resin composites. METHODS Zn-MSNs were prepared by a sol-gel method, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and N2 adsorption/desorption. The mechanical properties of the dental composites reinforced by Zn-MSNs were measured by a universal mechanical testing machine. Antibacterial activities of dental composites were evaluated by both qualitative and quantitative analysis using Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). The cytotoxicity of the Zn-MSNs filled dental composites was investigated by osteoblasts (OBs). RESULTS The synthesized Zn-MSNs possessed good monodispersity with an average particle size of about 138nm. The mechanical properties of the composites gradually increased with the increase of the content of Zn-MSNs. The flexural strength, flexural modulus, compressive strength and micro-hardness of the composites containing 15wt% Zn-MSNs were 31.21%, 50.47%, 53.83% and 26.79% higher than the samples with no Zn-MSNs, respectively. The antibacterial performance was significantly improved by the addition of Zn-MSNs and the antibacterial rate of the composite with 15wt% of Zn-MSNs reached 100%. Cytotoxicity tests revealed that all the composites were biocompatible during OBs incubation. SIGNIFICANCE The prepared Zn-MSNs can effectively improve the mechanical and antibacterial properties of the dental resin composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Bai
- Institute of New Carbon Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Road, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Chucheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- Institute of New Carbon Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Road, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute of New Carbon Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Road, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of New Carbon Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Road, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Institute of New Carbon Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Road, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Institute of New Carbon Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Road, Taiyuan 030024, China
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Bienek DR, Giuseppetti AA, Okeke UC, Frukhtbeyn SA, Dupree PJ, Khajotia SS, Esteban Florez FL, Hiers RD, Skrtic D. Antimicrobial, biocompatibility, and physicochemical properties of novel adhesive methacrylate dental monomers. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911520911660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For the advancement of Class V restoratives, our goal was to evaluate the physicochemical and mechanical properties, antimicrobial functionality, and cytotoxic potential of novel antimicrobial copolymers. 5-Carboxy-N-(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)-N,N-dimethylpentan-1-aminium bromide (AMadh1) and 10-carboxy-N-(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)-N,N-dimethyldecan-1-aminium bromide (AMadh2) were incorporated into light-curable urethane dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol–extended urethane dimethacrylate, ethyl 2-(hydroxymethyl) acrylate resin (UPE resin). In the AMadhs-UPE resin, the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance, degree of vinyl conversion, flexural strength, elastic modulus, and shear bond strength were assessed. Antimicrobial properties were measured using Streptococcus mutans (planktonic and biofilm). Cytotoxicity was tested using human gingival fibroblasts and mouse connective tissue fibroblasts (ATCC® CCL-1™) exposed to two-fold serial dilutions (≤10.6 mmol/L AMadh1 or ≤8.8 mmol/L AMadh2). At 10% mass of AMadh, the attained degree of vinyl conversion values (AMadh1 = 90.1% and AMadh2 = 88.5%) were not statistically different from the UPE resin (88.1%). At both AMadh levels, the flexural strength was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Elastic modulus and contact angle were not significantly affected by AMadh1. Variations in elastic modulus and contact angle were observed with AMadh2; however, this does not disqualify it in future design of Class V restoratives. Compared to UPE resin, AMadh1-UPE and AMadh2-UPE (10% mass) copolymers reduced S. mutans biofilm 4.2- and 1.6-fold, respectively (p ≤ 0.006). In direct contact with human gingival fibroblasts or ATCC CCL-1 cells, at biologically relevant concentrations, the AMadhs did not adversely affect cell viability or their metabolic activity. This effort addresses a significant oral health issue associated with elderly populations. Its successful completion is expected to yield dental restoratives with well-controlled biofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane R Bienek
- Innovative & Technology Research, ADA Science & Research Institute, LLC, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Anthony A Giuseppetti
- Innovative & Technology Research, ADA Science & Research Institute, LLC, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ugochukwu C Okeke
- Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stanislav A Frukhtbeyn
- Innovative & Technology Research, ADA Science & Research Institute, LLC, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Dupree
- School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sharukh S Khajotia
- College of Dentistry, The University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Rochelle D Hiers
- College of Dentistry, The University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Drago Skrtic
- Innovative & Technology Research, ADA Science & Research Institute, LLC, Frederick, MD, USA
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11
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Szczesio-Wlodarczyk A, Sokolowski J, Kleczewska J, Bociong K. Ageing of Dental Composites Based on Methacrylate Resins-A Critical Review of the Causes and Method of Assessment. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E882. [PMID: 32290337 PMCID: PMC7240588 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper reviews the environmental factors affecting ageing processes, and the degradation of resins, filler, and the filler-matrix interface. It discusses the current methods of testing materials in vitro. A review of literature was conducted with the main sources being PubMed. ScienceDirect, Mendeley, and Google Scholar were used as other resources. Studies were selected based on relevance, with a preference given to recent research. The ageing process is an inherent element of the use of resin composites in the oral environment, which is very complex and changes dynamically. The hydrolysis of dental resins is accelerated by some substances (enzymes, acids). Bonds formed between coupling agent and inorganic filler are prone to hydrolysis. Methods for prediction of long-term behaviour are not included in composite standards. Given the very complex chemical composition of the oral environment, ageing tests based on water can only provide a limited view of the clinical performance of biomaterial. Systems that can reproduce dynamic changes in stress (thermal cycling, fatigue tests) are better able to mimic clinical conditions and could be extremely valuable in predicting dental composite clinical performance. It is essential to identify procedure to determine the ageing process of dental materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Szczesio-Wlodarczyk
- University Laboratory of Materials Research, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Sokolowski
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Kleczewska
- Arkona: Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Nasutów 99C, 21-025 Niemce, Poland;
| | - Kinga Bociong
- University Laboratory of Materials Research, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
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12
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Esteban Florez FL, Hiers RD, Zhao Y, Merritt J, Rondinone AJ, Khajotia SS. Optimization of a real-time high-throughput assay for assessment of Streptococcus mutans metabolism and screening of antibacterial dental adhesives. Dent Mater 2020; 36:353-365. [PMID: 31952798 PMCID: PMC7042092 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The present work shows the optimization of a high-throughput bioluminescence assay to assess the metabolism of intact Streptococcus mutans biofilms and its utility as a screening method for nanofilled antibacterial dental materials. Methods. The assay was optimized by monitoring changes in bioluminescence mediated by variation of the experimental parameters investigated (growth media and sucrose concentration, inoculum:D-Luciferin ratio, dilution factor, inoculum volume, luminescence wavelength, replicate and luciferase metabolic activity). Confocal microscopy was then used to demonstrate the impact of biofilm growth conditions on the 3-D distribution of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) within Streptococcus mutans biofilms and its implications as confounding factors in high-throughput studies (HTS). Results. Relative Luminescence Unit (RLU) values from the HTS optimization were analyzed by multivariate ANOVA (α = 0.05) and coefficients of variation, whereas data from 3-D structural parameters and RLU values of biofilms grown on experimental antibacterial dental adhesive resins were analyzed using General Linear Models and Student–Newman–Keuls post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Confocal microscopy demonstrated that biofilm growth conditions significantly influenced the quantity and distribution of EPS within the 3-D structures of the biofilms. An optimized HTS bioluminescence assay was developed and its applicability as a screening method in dentistry was demonstrated using nanofilled experimental antibacterial dental adhesive resins. Significance. The present study is anticipated to positively impact the direction of future biofilm research in dentistry, because it offers fundamental information for the design of metabolic-based assays, increases the current levels of standardization and reproducibility while offering a tool to decrease intra-study variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Luis Esteban Florez
- The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, 1201 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.
| | - Rochelle Denise Hiers
- The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, 1201 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.
| | - Yan Zhao
- The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, 801 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73126, USA.
| | - Justin Merritt
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, MRB424, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Adam Justin Rondinone
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| | - Sharukh Soli Khajotia
- The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, 1201 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.
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13
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Bienek DR, Giuseppetti AA, Frukhtbeyn SA, Hiers RD, Esteban Florez FL, Khajotia SS, Skrtic D. Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Antimicrobial Properties of Novel Dental Polymers Containing Quaternary Ammonium and Trimethoxysilyl Functionalities. J Funct Biomater 2019; 11:E1. [PMID: 31861286 PMCID: PMC7151568 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the physicochemical and mechanical properties, antimicrobial (AM) functionality, and cytotoxic potential of novel dental polymers containing quaternary ammonium and trimethoxysilyl functionalities (e.g., N-(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propan-1-aminium iodide (AMsil1) and N-(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-11-(trimethoxysilyl)undecan-1-aminium bromide (AMsil2)). AMsil1 or AMsil2 were incorporated into light-cured (camphorquinone + ethyl-4-N,N-dimethylamino benzoate) urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)/polyethylene glycol-extended UDMA/ethyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)acrylate (EHMA) resins (hereafter, UPE resin) at 10 or 20 mass %. Cytotoxic potential was assessed by measuring viability and metabolic activity of immortalized mouse connective tissue and human gingival fibroblasts in direct contact with monomers. AMsil-UPE resins were evaluated for wettability by contact angle measurements and degree of vinyl conversion (DVC) by near infra-red spectroscopy analyses. Mechanical property evaluations entailed flexural strength (FS) and elastic modulus (E) testing of copolymer specimens. The AM properties were assessed using Streptococcus mutans (planktonic and biofilm forms) and Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm. Neither AMsil exhibited significant toxicity in direct contact with cells at biologically relevant concentrations. Addition of AMsils made the UPE resin more hydrophilic. DVC values for the AMsil-UPE copolymers were 2%-31% lower than that attained in the UPE resin control. The mechanical properties (FS and E) of AMsil-UPE specimens were reduced (11%-57%) compared to the control. Compared to UPE resin, AMsil1-UPE and AMsil2-UPE (10% mass) copolymers reduced S. mutans biofilm 4.7- and 1.7-fold, respectively (p ≤ 0.005). Although not statistically different, P. gingivalis biofilm biomass on AMsil1-UPE and AM AMsil2-UPE copolymer disks were lower (71% and 85%, respectively) than that observed with a commercial AM dental material. In conclusion, the AM function of new monomers is not inundated by their toxicity towards cells. Despite the reduction in mechanical properties of the AMsil-UPE copolymers, AMsil2 is a good candidate for incorporation into multifunctional composites due to the favorable overall hydrophilicity of the resins and the satisfactory DVC values attained upon light polymerization of AMsil-containing UDMA/PEG-U/EHMA copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane R. Bienek
- ADA Foundation, Research Division, Frederick, MD 21704, USA; (A.A.G.); (S.A.F.); (D.S.)
| | | | | | - Rochelle D. Hiers
- College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (R.D.H.); (F.L.E.F.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Fernando L. Esteban Florez
- College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (R.D.H.); (F.L.E.F.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Sharukh S. Khajotia
- College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (R.D.H.); (F.L.E.F.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Drago Skrtic
- ADA Foundation, Research Division, Frederick, MD 21704, USA; (A.A.G.); (S.A.F.); (D.S.)
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14
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Zajdowicz S, Song HB, Baranek A, Bowman CN. Evaluation of biofilm formation on novel copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC)-based resins for dental restoratives. Dent Mater 2019; 34:657-666. [PMID: 29422327 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For the past several decades, the resins used in dental restorations have been plagued with numerous problems, including their implication in biofilm formation and secondary caries. The need for alternative resins is critical, and evaluation of biofilm formation on these resins is essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro biofilm formation on the surface of novel copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC)-based resins and composites. METHODS CuAAC-based resins/composites made from varying azide monomers and different copper concentrations were compared with BisGMA-TEGDMA resins/composites that served as the control. Biofilms were formed using a mono-species model containing a luciferase-expressing strain of Streptococcus mutans. Luciferase activity was measured and the number of viable bacteria was enumerated on biofilms associated with each resin and composite. RESULTS A significant reduction (p<0.05) in luciferase activity, and the number of viable bacteria recovered from biofilms on CuAAC-based resins and composites was observed in comparison to biofilms associated with the BisGMA-TEGDMA controls. SIGNIFICANCE CuAAC-based resins do still allow for the formation of biofilms; however, the statistically significant reduction of growth that was associated with the CuAAC resin may enhance the longevity of restorations that incorporate CuAAC-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl Zajdowicz
- Department of Biology, Metropolitan State University of Denver, PO Box 173362, Campus Box #53, Denver, CO, 80217, United States.
| | - Han Byul Song
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO, United States.
| | - Austin Baranek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO, United States.
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO, United States.
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15
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Wang Y, Hua H, Li W, Wang R, Jiang X, Zhu M. Strong antibacterial dental resin composites containing cellulose nanocrystal/zinc oxide nanohybrids. J Dent 2019; 80:23-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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16
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Esteban Florez FL, Hiers RD, Larson P, Johnson M, O'Rear E, Rondinone AJ, Khajotia SS. Antibacterial dental adhesive resins containing nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 93:931-943. [PMID: 30274130 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of dental adhesive resins with long-lasting antibacterial properties is a possible solution to overcome the problem of secondary caries in modern adhesive dentistry. OBJECTIVES (i) Synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (N_TiO2), (ii) topographical, compositional and wettability characterization of thin-films (unaltered and experimental) and, (iii) antibacterial efficacy of N_TiO2-containing dental adhesives against Streptococcus mutans biofilms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using different techniques. Specimens (diameter = 12 mm, thickness ≅ 15 μm) of OptiBond Solo Plus (Kerr Corp., USA) and experimental adhesives [50, 67 and 80% (v/v)] were fabricated, photopolymerized (1000 mW/cm2, 1 min) and UV-sterilized (254 nm, 800,000 μJ/cm2) for microscopy, spectroscopy, wettability and antibacterial testing. Wettability was assessed with a contact angle goniometer by dispensing water droplets (2 μL) onto four random locations of each specimen (16 drops/group). Drop profiles were recorded (1 min, 25 frames/s, 37 °C) and contact angles were calculated at time = 0 s (θINITIAL) and time = 59 s (θFINAL). Antibacterial testing was performed by growing S. mutans (UA159-ldh, JM10) biofilms for either 3 or 24 h (anaerobic conditions, 37 °C) with or without continuous light irradiation (410 ± 10 nm, 3 h = 38.75 J/cm2, 24 h = 310.07 J/cm2) against the surfaces of sterile specimens. RESULTS N_TiO2 was successfully prepared using solvothermal methods. Doped-nanoparticles displayed higher light absorption levels when compared to undoped titania. Experimental adhesives demonstrated superior antibacterial efficacy in dark conditions. CONCLUSIONS The findings presented herein suggest that N_TiO2 is a feasible antibacterial agent against cariogenic biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Luis Esteban Florez
- The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials College of Dentistry, 1201 North Stonewall Avenue, Room 146, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA.
| | - Rochelle Denise Hiers
- The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials College of Dentistry, 1201 North Stonewall Avenue, Room 146, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA.
| | - Preston Larson
- The University of Oklahoma, Samuel Roberts Noble Microscopy Laboratory, 770 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
| | - Matthew Johnson
- The University of Oklahoma, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 440 West Brooks Street, Room 129, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Edgar O'Rear
- The University of Oklahoma, School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, 100 East Boyd, T-301, Sarkeys Energy Center, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
| | - Adam J Rondinone
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
| | - Sharukh Soli Khajotia
- The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials College of Dentistry, 1201 North Stonewall Avenue, Room 146, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA.
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17
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Esteban Florez FL, Mendonça de Oliveira MR, de Oliveira Júnior OB, Hiers RD, Khajotia SS, Pretel H. Bioluminescence Analysis of Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy Using Methylene Blue Mediated by Low-Intensity Level Laser Against Cariogenic Biofilms. Photomed Laser Surg 2018; 36:258-265. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2017.4326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Luis Esteban Florez
- Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Morgana Regina Mendonça de Oliveira
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho,” Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Osmir Batista de Oliveira Júnior
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho,” Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Rochelle Denise Hiers
- Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Sharukh Soli Khajotia
- Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Hermes Pretel
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho,” Araraquara, Brazil
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Wilson C, Lukowicz R, Merchant S, Valquier-Flynn H, Caballero J, Sandoval J, Okuom M, Huber C, Brooks TD, Wilson E, Clement B, Wentworth CD, Holmes AE. Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment Methods for Biofilm Growth: A Mini-review. RESEARCH & REVIEWS. JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 6:http://www.rroij.com/open-access/quantitative-and-qualitative-assessment-methods-for-biofilm-growth-a-minireview-.pdf. [PMID: 30214915 PMCID: PMC6133255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are microbial communities attached to a surface and embedded in an extracellular polymeric substance which provides for the protection, stability and nutrients of the various bacterial species indwelling. These communities can build up in a variety of different environments from industrial equipment to medical devices resulting in damage, loss of productivity and disease. They also have great potential for economic and societal benefits as bioremediation agents and renewable energy sources. The great potential benefits and threats of biofilms has encouraged researchers across disciplines to study biofilm characteristics and antibiofilm strategies resulting in chemists, physicists, material scientists, and engineers, to develop beneficial biofilm applications and prevention methods. The ultimate outcome is a wealth of knowledge and innovative technology. However, without extensive formal training in microbes and biofilm research, these scientists find a daunting array of established techniques for growing, quantifying and characterizing biofilms while trying to design experiments and develop innovative laboratory protocols. This mini-review focuses on enriching interdisciplinary efforts and understanding by overviewing a variety of quantitative and qualitative biofilm characterization methods to assist the novice researcher in assay selection. This review consists of four parts. Part 1 is a brief overview of biofilms and the unique properties that demand a highly interdisciplinary approach. Part 2 describes the classical quantification techniques including colony forming unit (CFU) counting and crystal violet staining, but also introduces some modern methods including ATP bioluminescence and quartz crystal microbalance. Part 3 focuses on the characterization of biofilm morphology and chemistry including scanning electron microscopy and spectroscopic methods. Finally, Part 4 illustrates the use of software, including ImageJ and predictive modeling platforms, for biofilm analysis. Each section highlights the most common methods, including literature references, to help novice biofilm researchers make choices which commensurate with their study goals, budget and available equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, Physics & Engineering, Doane University, Crete, Nebraska
| | - Rachel Lukowicz
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, Physics & Engineering, Doane University, Crete, Nebraska
| | - Stefan Merchant
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, Physics & Engineering, Doane University, Crete, Nebraska
| | - Helena Valquier-Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, Physics & Engineering, Doane University, Crete, Nebraska
| | - Jeniffer Caballero
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, Physics & Engineering, Doane University, Crete, Nebraska
| | - Jasmin Sandoval
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, Physics & Engineering, Doane University, Crete, Nebraska
| | - Macduff Okuom
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, Physics & Engineering, Doane University, Crete, Nebraska
| | - Christopher Huber
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, Physics & Engineering, Doane University, Crete, Nebraska
| | - Tessa Durham Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, Physics & Engineering, Doane University, Crete, Nebraska
| | - Erin Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Westminster College, New Wilmington, Pennsylvania
| | - Barbara Clement
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, Physics & Engineering, Doane University, Crete, Nebraska
| | | | - Andrea E Holmes
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, Physics & Engineering, Doane University, Crete, Nebraska
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Lin NJ. Biofilm over teeth and restorations: What do we need to know? Dent Mater 2017; 33:667-680. [PMID: 28372810 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this manuscript is to provide an overview of biofilm attributes and measurement approaches in the context of studying biofilms on tooth and dental material surfaces to improve oral health. METHODS A historical perspective and terminology are presented, followed by a general description of the complexity of oral biofilms. Then, an approach to grouping measurable biofilm properties is presented and considered in relation to biofilm-material interactions and material design strategies to alter biofilms. Finally, the need for measurement assurance in biofilm and biofilm-materials research is discussed. RESULTS Biofilms are highly heterogeneous communities that are challenging to quantify. Their characteristics can be broadly categorized into constituents (identity), quantity, structure, and function. These attributes can be measured over time and in response to substrates and external stimuli. Selecting the biofilm attribute(s) of interest and appropriate measurement methods will depend on the application and, in the case of antimicrobial therapies, the strategic approach and expected mechanism of action. To provide measurement assurance, community accepted protocols and guidelines for minimum data and metadata should be established and broadly applied. Consensus standards may help to streamline testing and demonstration of product claims. SIGNIFICANCE Understanding oral biofilms and their interactions with tooth and dental material surfaces holds great promise for enabling improvements in oral and overall human health. Both substrate and biofilm properties should be considered to develop a more thorough understanding of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J Lin
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8543, USA.
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