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Alghazzawi TF. The effects of monomer type, filler size, and filler content of three resin cements on the color stability of laminate veneers exposed to accelerated aging. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00135-0. [PMID: 38902146 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Commercially available resin cements consist of various filler sizes, filler content and monomers, and it is unclear which of these factors have the greatest effect on the color stability of laminate veneers. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the color stability of lithium disilicate-reinforced laminate veneers inserted with three commercial resin cements with various filler sizes/contents and monomers upon accelerated aging. METHODS Veneers were fabricated and cemented on resin abutments using three commercially available resin cements comprised of two different monomers and varying filler sizes/contents: 1) triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, TEGDMA (RelyX™ Veneer = 0.6 µm/66 %, Calibra® Esthetic Light Cure =1.2 µm/65 %); and 2) urethane dimethacrylate, UDMA (Variolink Esthetic LC = 0.1 µm/38 %). A total of 60 specimens were fabricated (n = 20 for each cement). The relative number of particles (N) and relative surface area (A) were calculated for each filler size/content. Color coordinates (L*, a*, b*) were measured, and color change (ΔE00) was calculated after cementation and following aging at 150, 300, 450, and 600 h using xenon light. Differences in color coordinates and color change were determined using repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test (α = .05). A post-hoc power analysis was performed to confirm reliability of the results. RESULTS Based on a post-hoc power analysis of a repeated measures ANOVA with two between-factors and 1 within-factor, we had 89 % power to detect a difference of effect by cement type, 10 % power to detect a difference by shade, and 100 % power to detect a difference of effect by aging. The UDMA-based cement (0.1 µm/38 %) was least affected by aging, despite having the largest number of particles (N = 1010) and largest particle surface area (A = 7.02). The TEGDMA-based cements exhibited a significant color change, with 0.6 µm/66 % (A = 2.03, N = 8.12) producing a larger ΔE00 than 1.2 µm/65 % (A = 1.00, N = 1.00). CONCLUSIONS Among the commercial cements tested, UDMA-based resin (0.1 µm/38 %) provided better color stability than TEGDMA-based resin cements. The color change after aging was affected by the relative surface area and relative number of particles for the TEGDMA-based resin cement (0.6 µm/66 % and 1.2 µm/65 %), with a larger surface area and a higher relative number of particles, accelerated color change with aging. The present study demonstrates a novel approach to determine color stability for any resin cement with particulate filler. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The dental practitioner should be selective in choosing a commercial light cure cementation product for laminate veneers, as UDMA containing resin cement is more resistant to color changes over time than TEGDMA, regardless of the filler size/content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq F Alghazzawi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Cocco F, Packaeser MG, Machry RV, Tribst JPM, Kleverlaan CJ, Pereira GKR, Valandro LF. Conventional-, bulk-fill- or flowable-resin composites as prosthetic core build-up: Influence on the load-bearing capacity under fatigue of bonded leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 151:106365. [PMID: 38183746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the fatigue performance of simplified ceramic restorations (leucite-reinforced glass ceramic) adhesively cemented onto substrates of different resin composites. Three options from the same commercial line were selected (Tetric N-Line, Ivoclar), classified as Conventional (CRC), Bulk-fill (BRC) and Flowable (FRC), which were used to make discs using a cylindrical metallic device (n = 19; Ø = 10 mm, thickness = 2.0 mm). A total of 57 discs (Ø = 10 mm, thickness = 1.0 mm) were made from CAD/CAM prefabricated blocks of a leucite reinforced glass-ceramic (Empress CAD, Ivoclar) to simulate a monolithic restoration, then were randomly distributed to be bonded on 19 discs of each three different resin composite substrates (CRC; BRC; or FRC) with a dual resin cement (Multilink N; Ivoclar). The samples were subjected to a compression test with a hemispherical stainless-steel piston (Ø = 40 mm) at a monotonic regimen (n = 4; 1 mm/min loading rate and 500 kgf loading cell until fracture). The cyclic fatigue test was performed underwater at a frequency of 20 Hz (n = 15). The first step was applied using 200N for 5000 cycles, followed by increments of 50N at each step of 10,000 until failure. The outcome considered for both tests was the occurrence of radial crack. Specific statistical tests (α = 0.05) were performed for monotonic (One-way ANOVA; Tukey's test) and fatigue data (Kaplan-Meier test; Log-rank test). Fractography of fractured samples were also performed. The FRC group had the lowest failure load in both test regimes (p < 0.05; monotonic: 726.64N; fatigue: 716.67N). There were no differences between the CRC and BRC groups (p > 0.05; monotonic: 989.30 and 990.11N; fatigue: 810.00 and 833.33N, respectively). The same result was obtained considering cycles for fatigue failure (FRC < CRC=BRC). Leucite glass-ceramic bonded to substrates made of flowable resin composite behaves worse mechanically than bonding to conventional or bulk-fill resin composite substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cocco
- Undergraduate Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Maria Gabriela Packaeser
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Unit), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Renan Vaz Machry
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Unit), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - João Paulo Mendes Tribst
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Department of Oral Regenerative Medicine, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Cornelis Johannes Kleverlaan
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Department of Dental Material Sciences, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Unit), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Unit), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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Benalcazar Jalkh EB, Ramalho IS, Bergamo ETP, Alves LMM, Tanaka R, Witek L, Coelho PG, Hirata R, Bonfante EA. Ultrathin lithium disilicate and translucent zirconia crowns for posterior teeth: Survival and failure modes. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:381-390. [PMID: 37676053 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the reliability and failure modes of ultrathin (0.5 mm) lithium disilicate, translucent and ultra-translucent zirconia crowns for posterior teeth restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-four mandibular first molar crowns of three ceramic materials: (1) Lithium disilicate (e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent), (2) 3Y-TZP (Zirconn Translucent, Vipi), and (3) 5Y-PSZ (Cercon XT, Dentsply Sirona), with 0.5 mm of thickness were milled and cemented onto composite resin abutments. Eighteen samples of each group were tested under mouth-motion step-stress accelerated life testing in a humid environment using mild, moderate, and aggressive profiles. Data was subjected to Weibull statistics. Use level curves were plotted and reliability was calculated for a given mission of 100,000 cycles at 100, 200, and 300 N. Fractographic analyses of representative samples were performed in scanning electron microscope. RESULTS Beta (β) values suggest that failures were dictated by material's strength for lithium disilicate and by fatigue damage accumulation for both zirconias. No significant differences were detected in Weibull modulus and characteristic strength among groups. At a given mission of 100,000 cycles at 100 N, lithium disilicate presented higher reliability (98% CB: 95-99) regarding 3Y-TZP and 5Y-PSZ groups (84% CB: 65%-93% and 79% CB: 37&-94%, respectively). At 200 N, lithium disilicate reliability (82% CB: 66%-91%) was higher than 5Y-PSZ (20% CB: 4%-44%) and not significantly different from 3Y-TZP (54% CB: 32%-72%). Furthermore, at 300 N no significant differences in reliability were detected among groups, with a notable reduction in the reliability of all materials. Fractographic analyses showed that crack initiated at the interface between the composite core and the ceramic crowns due to tensile stress generated at the intaglio surface. CONCLUSIONS Ultrathin lithium disilicate crowns demonstrated higher reliability relative to zirconia crowns at functional loads. Lithium disilicate and zirconia crown's reliability decreased significantly for missions at higher loads and similar failure modes were observed regardless of crown material. The indication of 0.5 mm thickness crowns in high-load bearing regions must be carefully evaluated. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Ultraconservative lithium disilicate and zirconia crowns of 0.5 mm thickness may be indicated in anterior restorations and pre-molars. Their clinical indication in high-load requirement regions must be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto B Benalcazar Jalkh
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ilana S Ramalho
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edmara T P Bergamo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biomaterials Division, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Larissa M M Alves
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lukasz Witek
- Biomaterials Division, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York Univeristy Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Paulo G Coelho
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ronaldo Hirata
- Biomaterials Division, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Estevam A Bonfante
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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Temp RW, Packaeser MG, Machry RV, Dapieve KS, Rippe MP, Pereira GKR, Valandro LF. Characteristic fatigue strength and reliability of dental glass-ceramics: Effect of distinct surface treatments - Hydrofluoric acid etching and silane treatment vs one-step self-etching ceramic primer. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106338. [PMID: 38159495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to mechanically characterize through flexural fatigue test two CAD-CAM glass-ceramics according to distinct surface etching protocols. To do so, feldspathic (FELD) and lithium disilicate (LD) glass ceramics were subjected to different surface treatments: (1) control - no treatment (Ctrl); (2) conventional protocol etching with 5% hydrofluoric acid followed by silane coupling agent application (HF + SIL; Monobond N, Ivoclar); or (3) using a self-etching ceramic primer (E&P; Monobond Etch & Prime, Ivoclar). Ceramic discs (N = 120; Ø = 12 mm; thickness = 1.2 mm) were produced from CAD-CAM blocks, with 60 being from FELD (VITABLOCS Mark II, Vita Zahnfabrik) and 60 from LD (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar). Next, 20 disks of each ceramic were allocated into three groups: Ctrl, HF + SIL, or E&P. Surface roughness data were collected on all samples before and after surface treatments (except for Ctrl). Cyclic fatigue (n = 15) biaxial flexural strength tests were performed by the piston-on-three-balls geometry (ISO 6872) considering the test parameters established from a monotonic test (n = 5). The monotonic test was carried out at a 1 mm/min loading rate and 500 kgf loading cell until fracture to obtain the failure data. The cyclic fatigue test was executed underwater at a frequency up to 20 Hz, with the first stress being 25% of the monotonic test for 5000 cycles, followed by increments of 5% of the monotonic test at each step of 10,000 cycles until failure (fracture). Complementary fractography, topography and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analyses were performed. Characteristic Fatigue Strength (CFS) and Weibull modulus were analyzed by Weibull analysis using the fatigue test data. Roughness and complementary analysis data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The statistical results exhibited similar CFS among Ctrl, HF + SIL and E&P for both glass-ceramics. The survival analysis corroborates the findings, however the Weibull modulus pointed out superior structural reliability of FELD treated with the E&P group compared to HF + SIL. According to the complementary analyses, HF + SIL exhibited a higher surface area than E&P and Ctrl for FELD (p = 0.001). Roughness showed statistically significant differences among conditions for FELD (E&P < Ctrl = HF + SIL; p < 0.05) and no difference for LD (p > 0.05). Therefore, the CFS were not influenced by any condition evaluated for FELD and LD glass-ceramics; however, superior structural reliability (higher Weibull modulus) for the feldspathic ceramic treated with the E&P was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renatta Wrasse Temp
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Maria Gabriela Packaeser
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Renan Vaz Machry
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Kiara Serafini Dapieve
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Marilia Pivetta Rippe
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Dalla-Nora F, Da Rosa LS, Pereira GKR, Valandro LF, Rippe MP. Is dentin analogue material a viable substitute for human dentin in fatigue behavior studies? J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106312. [PMID: 38134583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the fatigue performance of a lithium disilicate ceramic cemented on different substrates (human dentin and glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin - GFRER), treated with different types of conditioning (CTR - without surface conditioning; HF5 - 5% hydrofluoric acid; HF10 - 10% hydrofluoric acid; H3PO4 - phosphoric acid 37%; SAND - sandblasting with aluminum oxide). The occlusal surface of human molars (DENT group) (n = 15) was ground for dentin exposure and the root portion was cut, then the dentin slice (2.0 mm thick) was conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid and a dual-curing dental adhesive was applied. The GFRER in a round-rod format was cut into discs (Ø = 10 mm, 2.0 mm thick). Lithium disilicate glass ceramic blocks (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar, Schaan, Liechtenstein) were shaped into a cylinder format and cut, resulting in 90 discs (Ø = 10 mm, 1.5 mm thick). The substrate materials of each group were etched according to the groups and the ceramic was etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid for 30 s. A silane coupling agent was applied over the cementation surface in ceramic and GFRER surfaces and a dual cement was used for cementation (ceramic/GFRER or dentin). The disc/disc sets were submitted to thermocycling (25,000 cycles + storage for 6 months), and then tested in step-wise accelerated cyclic fatigue test. The failure pattern and topography were analyzed and the roughness and contact angle were measured before and after surface treatment. The DENT group presented the lowest load to failure values and number of cycles to failure in fatigue (637.33 N; 118.333), showing no statistical similarity with any of the other tested groups (p < 0.05). The topographic analysis showed that all proposed surface treatments modified the substrate surface when compared to the CTR group. All of the fractographical inspections demonstrated failure by radial crack. Considering the roughness analysis, the post-etched DENT group showed similar roughness to all groups of GFRER materials with their surface treated, except for SAND, which showed greater roughness and statistically different from the other groups. The DENT group (49.5) showed statistically different post-conditioning contact angle values from the HF10 group (96.5) and similar to the other groups. The glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin was not able to simulate the results presented by the human dentin substrate when cemented to lithium disilicate regarding fatigue failure load and number of cycles for failure, regardless of the surface treatment. Lithium disilicate cemented on dentin analogue overestimates the load values for fatigue failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dalla-Nora
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science [Prosthodontics Units], Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria [UFSM], Avenue Roraima 1000, Building 26F, room 2383, Zip Code: 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - L S Da Rosa
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science [Prosthodontics Units], Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria [UFSM], Avenue Roraima 1000, Building 26F, room 2383, Zip Code: 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - G K R Pereira
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science [Prosthodontics Units], Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria [UFSM], Avenue Roraima 1000, Building 26F, room 2383, Zip Code: 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - L F Valandro
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science [Prosthodontics Units], Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria [UFSM], Avenue Roraima 1000, Building 26F, room 2383, Zip Code: 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - M P Rippe
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science [Prosthodontics Units], Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria [UFSM], Avenue Roraima 1000, Building 26F, room 2383, Zip Code: 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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Caixeta MT, de Oliveira D, Isquierdo de Souza F, Rocha EP. Efficacy of two polishing systems in reestablishing the surface smoothness of posterior monolithic lithium disilicate restorations: One-year results of a split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:25-33. [PMID: 35272843 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Selecting the optimal polishing procedure to reestablish surface smoothness after occlusal adjustment is essential for the long-term success of glass-ceramic restorations. While in vitro studies have shown different effective polishing protocols, clinical trials are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this split-mouth controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of 2 polishing systems in reestablishing the surface smoothness of posterior monolithic lithium disilicate ceramic restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety-six restorations that required occlusal adjustment after bonding were randomized into 2 groups: Forty-eight restorations were polished by using the Exa Cerapol polishing kit, and the other 48 restorations were polished by using the Shofu polishing kit. The restorations were replicated with epoxy resin at 3 study times-after bonding (t1), after occlusal adjustment (t2), and after polishing (t3)-for quantitative roughness analysis (Ra). Representative specimens from each group were qualitatively analyzed by using a confocal laser microscope. Clinical analyses were performed after the polishing procedure and at 30, 180, and 365 days after the polishing procedure by following the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. ANOVA and the Tukey multiple comparisons parametric tests were computed (α=.05). The Kaplan-Meier test was used to analyze the survival rate of restorations. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was found between the Exa Cerapol and Shofu groups (P=.086). A statistically significant difference was found between study times t1 and t2 and between t2 and t3 (both P<.001) in both experimental groups. No statistically significant difference was found between study times t1 and t3 (P=.181) in either experimental group. For the clinical criterion "integrity of restorations," all the elements analyzed indicated an alfa grade at all study times. The survival rate of the restorations was 100%. CONCLUSIONS Both polishing kits were effective in reestablishing the surface smoothness of restorations after occlusal adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Tassinari Caixeta
- Graduate student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danila de Oliveira
- Doctoral student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Isquierdo de Souza
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, State University of Northern Paraná (UENP), Jacarezinho, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Passos Rocha
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Aragonez GC, Dalla-Nora F, Soares PM, Pereira GKR, Valandro LF, Dos Santos SS, Rippe MP. Load-bearing capacity under fatigue of bonded-yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystals and -yttria-stabilized zirconia: Effects of the viscosity of a dual-cured resin cement. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 148:106233. [PMID: 37976685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low and high viscosities of dual-cured resin cement on the mechanical fatigue behavior of yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (4YSZ) adhesively luted to a dentin analogue (glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin). Ceramic discs were randomly divided into four groups (n = 20) based on the following study factors: dual-cured resin cement viscosities (low and high) and zirconia microstructure (3Y-TZP and 4YSZ). The discs were treated by air abrasion with aluminum oxide particles (50 μm), followed by the application of primer, and then luted with high or low viscosity resin cement to the dentin analogue. Subsequently, the luted sets underwent a step-stress fatigue test, which involved an initial load of 200 N, step increments of 100 N, 10,000 cycles per step, and a frequency of 20 Hz. Data on fatigue failure load (FFL) and the number of cycles for failure (CFF) were collected and analyzed using survival tests, including Kaplan-Meier and Mantel-Cox analyses, as well as Weibull analysis. Additionally, topography analysis, fractographic features, bonding interface analysis, and Raman spectroscopy were performed. The results revealed that 3Y-TZP exhibited superior fatigue behavior compared to 4YSZ, regardless of the viscosity of the resin cement used for luting. Among all groups, 3Y-Low exhibited the best fatigue performance, while 4YSZ luted with low or high viscosity resin cements yielded the lowest fatigue behavior (FFL). There were no significant differences in Weibull modulus among the groups. After air abrasion, both ceramics showed similar topography. Raman analysis indicated that the surface of 3Y-TZP ceramics prior to sintering had a monoclinic phase, which transitioned predominantly to tetragonal phase peaks after sintering. A similar transition was observed in 4YSZ ceramics. In summary, 3Y-TZP exhibited superior mechanical fatigue behavior compared to 4YSZ. The influence of resin cement viscosity on fatigue behavior was more pronounced in 3Y-TZP, with low-viscosity resin cement enhancing its performance. However, the mechanical fatigue behavior of 4YSZ was less affected by the viscosity of the dual-cured resin cement, showing similar results with both low and high viscosities. In conclusion, 3Y-TZP demonstrated superior mechanical fatigue behavior compared to 4YSZ. The impact of resin cement viscosity on fatigue behavior was more pronounced in 3Y-TZP, with low-viscosity resin cement enhancing its performance. Conversely, the mechanical fatigue behavior of 4YSZ was less sensitive to the viscosity of the dual-cured resin cement, resulting in similar outcomes with both low and high viscosities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Carrão Aragonez
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Dalla-Nora
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Pablo Machado Soares
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Sailer Santos Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Marília Pivetta Rippe
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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Alghazzawi TF. A Comparison of Failure Loads for Polycrystalline Zirconia Ceramics with Varying Amounts of Yttria, Glass-Ceramics and Polymers in Two Different Test Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4506. [PMID: 38231917 PMCID: PMC10708478 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
It is unclear how zirconia dental crowns with different yttria compositions will perform clinically, and how they will compare with crowns made of glass-ceramics and polymers. The present objective was to determine failure loads of crowns and discs made of glass ceramics or polymers as compared to yttria-partially stabilized zirconia (Y-PSZ) crowns and discs with varying yttria concentrations. Crowns of zirconia (Cercon XT, Katana UTML, BruxZir Anterior), glass ceramic (Celtra press, IPS e.max press, Lisi press), and polymeric materials (Trilor, Juvora, Pekkton) were fabricated and cemented to epoxy abutments. The total number of specimens was 135 for crowns and 135 for discs (n = 15 specimens per material type and design). A universal testing machine was used to perform compressive loading of crowns/discs to failure with a steel piston along the longitudinal axis of the abutments. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to identify the yttria concentration for each zirconia brand. The data were analyzed using generalized linear models and regression analyses. The results revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in mean failure loads for different crown materials: Trilor (6811 ± 960 N) > Juvora (5215 ± 151 N) > Cercon (4260 ± 520 N) = BruxZir (4186 ± 269 N) = e.max (3981 ± 384 N) > Katana (3195 ± 350 N) = Lisi (3173 ± 234 N) = Pekkton (3105 ± 398 N) > Celtra (2696 ± 393 N). The general linear model revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in mean failure loads when comparing the different materials for the discs, i.e., Trilor (5456 ± 1748 N) > Juvora (4274 ± 869 N) > Pekkton (3771 ± 294 N) > Katana (2859 ± 527 N) > Cercon (2319 ± 342 N) = BuxZir (2250 ± 515 N) = e.max (2303 ± 721 N) = Lisi (2333 ± 535 N) > Celtra (1965 ± 659 N). EDS showed that the zirconia materials contained yttria at different concentrations (BruxZir = 5Y-PSZ, Cercon = 4Y-PSZ, Katana = 3Y-PSZ). The yttria concentration had a significant effect on the failure load of the Katana (3Y-PSZ) crowns, which revealed lower failure loads than the Cercon (4Y-PSZ) and BruxZir (5Y-PSZ) crowns, whose failure loads were comparable or higher than e.max glass ceramic. The failure load of the trilayer disc specimens did not correlate with the failure load of the respective crown specimens for the zirconia, glass-ceramic and polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq F. Alghazzawi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Anuntasainont M, Po-Ngam N, Lührs AK, Neoh SP, Pongprueksa P. Fracture resistance of CAD/CAM blocks cemented on dentin using different cementation strategies. J Prosthodont Res 2023; 67:603-609. [PMID: 36792222 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_22_00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether the fracture resistance of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin-based composites and polymer-infiltrated ceramic network materials cemented on dentin is influenced by the restoration thickness and composite cement application strategy. METHODS Disc-shaped specimens (Ø = 7 mm) of 0.8 mm and 1.5 mm thicknesses were milled from two CAD/CAM materials: resin-based composite (RBC, Cerasmart 270) and polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN, Vita Enamic). The discs (n = 8 per group) were cemented on flattened dentin using three different cementation strategies: 1) self-adhesive composite cement (RelyX U200) in light-curing mode (LC-SAC), 2) universal adhesive (Single Bond Universal) with composite cement (RelyX Ultimate) in auto-curing mode (AC cement), and 3) adhesive and composite cement as in 2) but in light-curing mode (LC cement). The restorative surface was indented perpendicularly with a compressive load using a universal testing machine until fracture. The fracture resistance (N) of RBC and PICN was separately analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The fracture resistance of each material was significantly influenced by the material thickness and cementation strategy (P < 0.05). Irrespective of the material type and cementation strategy, thicker materials exhibit higher fracture resistance. For RBC, the fracture resistance of the LC cement group was significantly higher than that of AC cement only at 0.8 mm thickness. For PICN, the LC-cement cementation strategy produced superior fracture resistance, regardless of the restoration thickness. CONCLUSIONS The fracture resistance of Cerasmart 270 was higher for the thicker material; the fracture resistance of LC cement was higher than that of AC cement at 0.8 mm thickness cemented to dentin. In comparison, LC cement showed the highest fracture resistance for Vita Enamic for both material thicknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munlika Anuntasainont
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nanthiphorn Po-Ngam
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anne-Katrin Lührs
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Siew Peng Neoh
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pong Pongprueksa
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Pucci CR, Mafetano APVP, Borges ALS, de Andrade GS, Dal Piva AMDO, Kleverlaan CJ, Tribst JPM. Substrate Rigidity Effect on CAD/CAM Restorations at Different Thicknesses. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:1020-1028. [PMID: 36513340 PMCID: PMC10756807 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article evaluated the effect of substrates rigidities on the post-fatigue fracture resistance of adhesively cemented simplified restorations in lithium disilicate glass ceramic. METHODS Precrystalized computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing ceramic blocks were processed into disc-shaped specimens (n = 10, Ø = 10 mm), mimicking a simplified restoration at two thicknesses (0.5 and 1.0 mm). Thereafter, the discs were cemented onto different base substrates (dentin analogue [control], dentin analogue with a central core build-up of resin composite [RC], or glass ionomer cement [GIC]). The specimens were subjected to mechanical cycling in a chewing simulator (100 N, 1 × 106 cycles, 4 Hz) and then subjected to thermocycling aging (10,000 cycles, 5/37/55°C, 30 seconds). After the fatigue protocol, the specimens were loaded until failure (N) in a universal testing machine. Finite element analysis calculated the first principal stress at the center of the adhesive interface. RESULTS The results showed that "restoration thickness," "type of substrate," and their interaction were statistically significant (one-way analysis of variance; p < 0.001). Regardless the restoration thickness a higher fracture load was observed for specimens cemented to dentin analogue. Among the base materials, RC build-up presented the highest fracture load and lower stress magnitude for both restoration thicknesses in comparison with GIC build-up. The 0.5-mm restoration showed higher stress peak and lower fracture load when submitted to the compressive test. CONCLUSION More flexible base material reduces the fracture load and increases the stress magnitude of adhesively cemented lithium disilicate restorations regardless the ceramic thickness. Therefore, more rigid substrates are suggested to be used to prevent restoration mechanical failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Rogério Pucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Valente Pinho Mafetano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Luiz Souto Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Maria de Oliveira Dal Piva
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J. Kleverlaan
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - João Paulo Mendes Tribst
- Department of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jonker JA, Tirlet G, Dagba A, Marniquet S, Ouwerkerk M, Cune MS, Gresnigt MMM. A 32-month evaluation of lithium disilicate cantilever resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses to replace a missing maxillary incisor. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00545-0. [PMID: 37718177 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The absence of a tooth in the esthetic zone can cause emotional and social distress. The use of minimally invasive and visually pleasing lithium disilicate resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs) may be a suitable option for replacing a missing maxillary incisor. However, the available literature on lithium disilicate cantilever RBFDPs is limited. PURPOSE This retrospective multicenter study assessed the survival and success rates of lithium disilicate anterior cantilever RBFDPs with an average follow-up period of 3 years up to 9 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS RBFDPs delivered by 3 operators were clinically assessed for survival using a modified United States Public Health Service criteria list. The incidence density was determined for each criterion and operator. The standard error and 95% confidence interval were calculated for each incidence density difference (α=.05 for all analyses). RESULTS A total of 108 RBFDPs were evaluated after a mean period of 32.45 months, ranging from 14 days to 111 months. None of the restorations exhibited failure, carious lesions, or fractures during the follow-up period. The primary reasons for reduced success rates were inflammation of the surrounding soft tissues and discoloration, with incidence densities of 0.074 and 0.057 per year, respectively. Significant differences were observed among RBFDPs from different operators for criteria that included adaptation, color match, marginal adaptation, polishability, surface staining, gingival health, and antagonist wear. CONCLUSIONS Cantilever lithium disilicate RBFDPs appear to be suitable for short-term restoration. RBFDPs exhibited visible changes after short-term follow-up. However, these changes did not result in failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce A Jonker
- Graduate student, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gil Tirlet
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Montrouge, France; Private practice, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Marinus Ouwerkerk
- Postgraduate student, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marco S Cune
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Professor, Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Prosthodontics and Special Dental Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Marco M M Gresnigt
- Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Associate Professor, Department of Special Dental Care, Martini Hospital, Groningen, the Netherlands..
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Abd Alraheam I, Al-Asmar A, Hasan N, Asoleihat F, Alkayed A. Clinical evaluation of cemented and adhesively resin-bonded monolithic and partially layered zirconia and lithium disilicate crowns. Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:508-514. [PMID: 37520593 PMCID: PMC10373076 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Zirconia and lithium disilicate crowns are very popular dental restorations. The cement type and layering technique used can profoundly affect the clinical performance of these crowns.This retrospective study is designed to investigate the success rate of cemented and adhesively bonded monolithic and partially layered zirconia and lithium disilicate crowns placed in faculty practice settings. Materials and Methods Patients who had received zirconia or lithium disilicate crowns at the faculty practice were invited for clinical examination. The examiner used the modified United States Public Health Service (MUSPHS) evaluation criteria to evaluate the crowns. The crowns were either glass ionomer cemented zirconia (GIC-Zr), resin-bonded zirconia (Adh-Zr), or resin-bonded lithium disilicate (Adh-LD). The crowns were also divided into monolithic and layered groups. Inferential analysis was used to examine the differences through bivariate analysis using t-testing and one-way ANOVA. Results Thirty-five patients, with a combined total of 218 single crowns, agreed to participate in the study. No statistically significant differences in the quality outcome variables considered were found between the groups, except for marginal adaptation, where Adh-Zr achieved significantly higher scores compared to GIC-Zr and Adh-LD. Layered zirconia and lithium disilicate crowns have significantly higher quality outcomes in terms of anatomic form, marginal adaptation, and color match compared to monolithic zirconia and lithium disilicate crowns. Conclusions Conventionally cemented zirconia and adhesively bonded zirconia and lithium disilicate crowns are reliable treatment options with high short-term success rates. Clinical studies with longer follow-up times are needed to investigate their long-term success rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Abd Alraheam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Aya Al-Asmar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Noor Hasan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Firas Asoleihat
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Awni Alkayed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Pilecco RO, Zucuni CP, Carvalho ABGD, Saavedra GDSFA, Marinho RMDM, Rocha Pereira GK, Valandro LF. Polishing the bonding surface, before or after crystallization, does not alter the fatigue behavior of bonded CAD-CAM lithium disilicate. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 142:105794. [PMID: 37037152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess if the finishing/polishing of the bonding surface of lithium disilicate ceramic, prior to or after crystallization, would affect the fatigue behavior of a bonded restorations. For this, lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max CAD) discs (n = 15) were milled and randomly divided into 3 groups: CAD-CAM group which remained untouched; PRE group which received a finishing/polishing protocol (OptraFine system) prior to its crystallization; and POST group, which received the treatment after its crystallization. After surface treatments, ceramic and glass-fiber reinforced epoxy resin discs were paired and bonded using a resin cement (Multilink N). A cyclical fatigue test was conducted (frequency 20 Hz, initial load 200 N for 5000 cycles, step-size of 100 N for 10,000 cycles/step) until failure occurrence. Surface roughness and topography were analyzed. An initial descriptive analysis of surface roughness, FFL and CFF was performed to obtain the mean, standard deviation and confidence interval values (SPSS v. 21, SPSS Inc.) for statistical analysis. Roughness data was using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05), while the fatigue data was submitted to survival analysis with Kaplan-Meier test (α = 0.05) and Weibull modulus (Weibull++, Reliasoft). Neither the finishing/polishing procedure of the bonding surface, nor the moment (prior to or after crystallization), affected the fatigue behavior of bonded milled lithium disilicate. There were also no differences for mechanical reliability among conditions. Despite this, finishing/polishing reduced surface roughness and led to smoother topography. Finishing/polishing the bonding surface of milled lithium disilicate, before or after crystallization, does not alter the fatigue behavior of the bonded restorative set, although there is some influence on roughness and topography.
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Alghazzawi TF, Janowski GM, Ning H, Eberhardt AW. Qualitative SEM analysis of fracture surfaces for dental ceramics and polymers broken by flexural strength testing and crown compression. J Prosthodont 2023. [PMID: 36739572 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To perform qualitative analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces for ceramic and polymeric dental materials broken via standardized flexural and crunch-the-crown (CTC) tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zirconia, glass-ceramic, and polymeric (Trilor; TRI, Juvora; JUV, Pekkton; PEK) materials were loaded using crowns for CTC tests, discs (zirconia and glass-ceramics) for piston-on-3 ball tests, bars (polymer) for 3-point bend tests, and bars (zirconia, glass-ceramics) for 4-point bend tests. SEM was used to characterize the fracture surfaces and identify fracture surface features (e.g., origin, mist, hackle, and the direction of crack propagation [DCP]). Electron dispersive spectroscopy was used to identify the local chemistry. RESULTS Fracture surface features were found to be less visually apparent for glass-ceramics than zirconia. For zirconia bars, fractures originated roughly midway between the corner and center for processing defects related to sintering. Fractures originated at the bottom corners of glass-ceramic bars (void or surface flaw) and PEK bars (surface flaw). TRI bar failures exposed glassy fibers. Fracture features were generally less discernable for discs compared to bars for zirconia and glass-ceramics. Ceramic crowns fractured into 2 to 3 pieces, with fractures originating at the occlusal surface and clear evidence for the DCP. Failures of TRI and JUV specimens (bars and crowns) were less catastrophic than for the ceramics, with exposed fibers (TRI) and surface cracks (JUV). PEK crown and bar fractures presented dimple (ductile) features formed due to microvoid coalescence followed by brittle crack propagation. CONCLUSIONS The critical flaws responsible for failure initiation were a function of material composition and test configuration. Fractographic analysis can reveal problems associated with the manufacturing of materials, their handling, grinding and finishing/polishing procedures, the structural design and choice of material, and the quality of the final laboratory-delivered restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq F Alghazzawi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, Taibah University, Madina, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gregg M Janowski
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Haibin Ning
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alan W Eberhardt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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da Rosa LS, Velho HC, Tribst JPM, Valandro LF, Kleverlaan CJ, Pereira GKR. Weak adhesion between ceramic and resin cement impairs the load-bearing capacity under fatigue of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic crowns. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105604. [PMID: 36509013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the fatigue behavior of lithium disilicate crowns with a simplified anatomy against progressive cement/ceramic debonding scenarios. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lithium disilicate crowns were fabricated via CAD/CAM and luted onto a dentin analogue material using resin cement following the manufacturer's instructions. Then, the different crown regions were isolated with paraffin oil for the absence of chemical adhesion according to four experimental groups (n = 15): Shoulder; Shoulder + Axial; Fully isolated; and Control (no insulation/fully bonded). Load to failure tests (n = 3) were run to determine cyclic fatigue parameters, and the specimens were subsequently submitted to a cyclic fatigue test (n = 12) (initial load 200 N for 5000 cycles, step 100 N, 15,000 cycles/step, frequency 20 Hz) until cracks were observed, and later fracture. The data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier + Mantel-Cox post-hoc tests for both outcomes (cracks and fracture). Fractographic, cross-sectional surface, and finite element (FEA) analyzes were performed. RESULTS When it comes to crack occurrence when the chemical adhesion to the occlusal surface is compromised, there is worsening (p < 0.05) in fatigue behavior compared to groups where the occlusal portion of the crown is still bonded. Considering fracture occurrence, there was no difference (p > 0.05) among the tested groups. All cracks occurred in the occlusal portion, first as a radial crack at the ceramic intaglio surface, and posteriorly unleashing a Hertzian cone crack at the top surface, resulting in fractures on the frontal walls. The interface analysis showed no interference of the insulating agent. FEA showed that as the isolated areas increased, there was also an increase in both tensile and shear stresses concentration in the crown and in the cement layer. CONCLUSION The chemical adhesion between cement and ceramic is essential for better fatigue behavior of lithium disilicate crowns with a simplified anatomy, especially in the occlusal portion, but the restoration performance is impaired when such adhesion is compromised. There is an increase in crown and cement stress concentration with the progressive loss of chemical bonding of the crown's walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Saldanha da Rosa
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Helder Callegaro Velho
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - João Paulo Mendes Tribst
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Department of Oral Regenerative Medicine, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Cornelis Johannes Kleverlaan
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Department of Dental Material Sciences, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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A brief review on fatigue test of ceramic and some related matters in Dentistry. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105607. [PMID: 36549251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of dental ceramics have been extensively studied over the years to provide highly qualified materials for use in prosthetic restorations. The ability to adhere to dental substrates, outstanding aesthetics (translucency, color, and substrate masking ability) and improved mechanical properties provide these materials with optical features and high strength to withstand masticatory stimuli. Different classifications are adopted, and it is generally considered that glass-ceramics have better optical characteristics due to the high glass content, and polycrystalline ceramics have superior strength favored by their densified and organized crystals, hampering crack growth. This knowledge was largely built-up during years of scientific research through different testing methodologies, but mainly employing static loads. It is important to not only take into account the intensity of loads that these materials will be exposed to, but also the effect of the intermittence of cyclic load application leading to mechanical fatigue and the influence of factors related to the crack origin and their propagation under this condition. Furthermore, the bonding surface of ceramic restorations requires surface treatments that improve the bond strength to luting agents; however, these treatments require caution because of their potential to produce defects and affect the structural behavior. Moreover, ceramic restorations often require internal adjustments for proper seating or external adjustments for fitting the occlusal contact with the antagonist. In this sense, finishing/polishing protocols may alter the defect population, as luting agents may also interact by filling in the superficial defects on the restoration intaglio surface. Thus, the balance among all these factors will define the performance of a restorative setup, as well as the posterior exposure to the humid environment and the masticatory stimuli (cyclical loading), which may favor developing slow and subcritical growth of cracks in ceramic materials and the degradation of the bond interface. Therefore, it is essential that the concepts which explain the fatigue mechanism are understood, as well as the crack propagation and failure patterns of restorative ceramic materials.
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Flexural strengths, failure load, and hardness of glass-ceramics for dental applications. J Prosthet Dent 2022; 128:512.e1-512.e9. [PMID: 35989200 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Glass-ceramics are often selected for use in dental restorations based upon advertised flexural strengths obtained from standardized tests on prefabricated specimens (bars and disks); these may not accurately reflect their performance in dental applications. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine and compare 4-point flexural strength, biaxial flexural strength, hardness, and crown failure loads for 3 commercially available glass-ceramics. MATERIAL AND METHODS Specimens were pressed and prepared from 3 brands of glass-ceramics: Celtra (CEL), IPS e.max (EMA), and Lisi (LIS). Rectangular bars, circular disks, and fully contoured crowns were created (n=15 specimens per glass-ceramic, 45 specimens per geometry, totaling 135 specimens). Disks were tested for biaxial flexural strength by using a piston-on-3-ball (POB) test, while bars were tested for 4-point flexural strength by using 4-point bending (4PB) and Vickers hardness (VH) tests. Crown failure loads were assessed in "crunch-the-crown" (CTC) tests. The results were analyzed by using general linear modeling, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and Weibull analysis. RESULTS The general linear modeling revealed significant differences (P<.05) in the failure load for crown specimens (EMA>LIS>CEL), the 4-point flexural strength (EMA>LIS>CEL), and the biaxial flexural strength (EMA>LIS=CEL). The disk specimens had higher flexural strengths than the bar specimens for CEL and EMA materials. LIS had a higher Weibull modulus than EMA and CEL for bar and crown specimens. CEL had a higher Weibull modulus than LIS and EMA for disk specimens. There was no correlation among the VH (R2=0.86 and P=.24), biaxial flexural strength (R2=0.84 and P=.26), and crown failure load. However, there was a high correlation between the failure load (crown specimens) and 4-point flexural strength (bar specimens) (R2=0.99 and P=.03). CONCLUSIONS The 4-point flexural strength correlated significantly with crown failure load.
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In-lab simulation of CAD/CAM grinding and intaglio surface treatments of 4YSZ monolithic restorations: Effect on its load-bearing capacity under fatigue. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 134:105417. [PMID: 36049370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of in-lab simulation of CAD/CAM grinding and intaglio surface treatments on the surface characteristics (topography and roughness) and fatigue behavior of adhesively luted 4YSZ simplified restorations. METHODS Ceramic discs (Ø = 10 mm, thickness = 1 mm) were randomly allocated into 6 groups considering: "In-lab simulation of CAD/CAM grinding" (ground or polished) and "intaglio surface treatments": Ctrl (without surface treatment), AlOx (aluminum oxide air abrasion) or GLZ (glaze spray application). The surface roughness of all samples was measured, the treated discs received a ceramic primer, were luted with resin cement onto a dentin analogue material (woven glass-reinforced epoxy resin) and tested under a cyclic fatigue test (step-stress approach, n = 15; 1.4 Hz, 10,000 cycles/step, step-size of 100N starting at 200N until failure). A complementary analysis was performed to corroborate the findings in the fatigue test that the glaze fill defects increase the mechanical properties of the ceramic. To do so, bars (n= 10; 1.0 × 1.0 × 12 mm; considering the groups: N-ID: non-indented; ID: indented; ID-GLZ: indented plus glaze spray application) were indented in a vickers hardness tester to produce a crack pattern, treated with glaze or not, and then submitted to flexural strength tests (FS). Fractographic and topographic analysis were performed. RESULTS In-lab simulation of CAD/CAM grinding decreased the fatigue failure load of the 4YSZ ceramic when comparing polished and ground groups, regardless of surface treatment. GLZ induced better fatigue performance compared to the air abrasion, regardless of the grinding condition (ground or polished surface). The results of the flexural strength test corroborated the findings in the fatigue test, as the ID-GLZ group presented superior FS than the ID group, however both had inferior FS than N-ID. There is an inverse association between roughness and fatigue failure load, as the higher the surface roughness, the lower the fatigue failure load. Failures in the fatigue and flexural strength tests started from the face subjected to tensile stresses. CONCLUSION In-lab simulation of CAD/CAM grinding had a detrimental effect on the fatigue behavior of 4YSZ and glaze spray induced better 4YSZ performance compared to the air abrasion. The intaglio surface treatments differently influenced the 4YSZ fatigue performance, however, only glaze spray can reverse the damage caused by the grinding.
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Guilardi LF, Pereira G, Giordani JC, Kleverlaan CJ, Valandro LF, Rippe MP. Cement Choice and the Fatigue Performance of Monolithic Zirconia Restorations. Oper Dent 2022; 47:461-472. [PMID: 35917240 DOI: 10.2341/20-143-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the fatigue failure load of simplified monolithic yttria partially stabilized zirconia polycrystal restorations cemented to a dentin-like substrate using different luting systems. Disc-shaped ceramic (Zenostar T, 10 mm Ø × 0.7 mm thick) and dentin-like substrate (10 mm Ø × 2.8 mm thick) were produced and randomly allocated into eight groups, without or with thermocycling (TC=5-55°C/12,000×): "cement" (RelyX Luting 2 - glass ionomer cement [Ion], [Ion/TC]; RelyX U200 - self-adhesive resin cement [Self], [Self/TC]; Single Bond Universal+RelyX Ultimate - MDP-containing adhesive + resin cement [MDPAD + RC], [MDP-AD + RC/TC]; ED Primer II+Panavia F 2.0 - Primer + MDP-containing resin cement [PR + MDP-RC], [PR + MDP-RC/TC])). Each luting system was used as recommended by the manufacturer. Staircase methodology (20 Hz; 250,000 cycles) was applied for obtaining the fatigue failure loads. Fractographic characteristics were also assessed. At baseline, the Ion group presented the lowest fatigue load, although it was statistically similar to the Self group. The resin-based cement systems presented the highest fatigue performance, with the Ion group being only statistically equal to the Self group. Thermocycling influenced the groups differently. After aging, the MDP-AD + RC presented the highest mean, followed by the PR + MDP-RC and Self groups, while the Ion group had the lowest mean. Fractographic analysis depicted all failures as radial cracks starting at the zirconia intaglio surface. The luting system with MDP-containing adhesive applied prior to the resin cement presented the highest fatigue failure load after aging, presenting the best predictability of stable performance. Despite this, monolithic zirconia presents high load-bearing capability regardless of the luting agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Guilardi
- Luis Felipe Guilardi, associate researcher, Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Unit), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Gkr Pereira
- Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira, MsciD, PhD, adjunct professor, Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - J C Giordani
- João Carlos Giordani, undergraduate student, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - C J Kleverlaan
- Cornelis Johannes Kleverlaan, PhD, full professor, Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - L F Valandro
- Luiz Felipe Valandro, MSciD, PhD, full professor, Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - M P Rippe
- *Marilia Pivetta Rippe, MSciD, PhD, adjunct professor, Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
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Aragonez GC, Pilecco RO, Dapieve KS, Burgo TAL, Guilardi LF, Prochnow C, Valandro LF, Rippe MP. Simulation of CAD/CAM milling on lithium disilicate: Mechanical and topographic analyses of surface grinding different protocols. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 132:105278. [PMID: 35653917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the topography and the fatigue performance of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic after surface grinding through different laboratory protocols used to simulate the Computer-aided design/Computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) milling. Ceramic discs (IPS e.max CAD, Ø = 13.5 mm × 1.2 mm of thickness) were produced through different methodologies: milling in CAD/CAM system (CAD/CAM group); produced in-lab with a polished surface (POL group); or produced through in-lab methods and randomly distributed into five groups according to different grinding protocols to simulate the CAD/CAM milling [grinding with a CAD/CAM bur coupled to a mandrel (CAD/CAM Bur group); fine diamond bur using oscillatory movements (DBO group); fine diamond bur in x and y axes of the disc (DBXY group); #60-grit silicon carbide sandpaper (SiC group); and #60-grit wood sandpaper (WS group)]. The specimens were fatigue tested (n = 15) according to the step-stress method (initial load: 60 N; step-size: 20 N; 10,000 cycles/step; 20 Hz frequency). A roughness analysis was performed on all specimens, while fractal dimension (FD) and fractography were performed on representative samples. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the POL (293.3 N) group presented better fatigue performance (higher load and number of cycles for failure) (p < 0.05) than the other groups (CAD/CAM = 222.7 N; CAD/CAM Bur = 181.3 N; DBO = 184.0 N; DBXY = 192.0 N; SiC = 182.6 N; WS = 182.6 N). For roughness, only the SiC (Ra = 1.616; Rz = 10.465) and WS (Ra = 1.673; Rz = 10.655) groups produced statistically similar Ra (μm) and Rz (μm) values to the CAD/CAM (Ra = 1.628; Rz = 9.571) group (p > 0.05). The surface created by CAD/CAM milling and POL group exhibited more complexity (FD) higher values than the experimental groups. For the ceramic surface topography images, the CAD/CAM milling visibly produced a uniform surface compared to the other groups; however, the POL group was the smoothest. The DBO, DBXY, SiC, and WS groups resulted in similar characteristics of surface topography. Therefore, although the SiC and WS groups showed similar roughness to the control group (CAD/CAM), no in-lab simulation method was fully capable to mimic the mechanical performance of the CAD/CAM-milled lithium disilicate glass-ceramic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Carrão Aragonez
- MSciD and PhD Graduate Programs in Oral Science - Prosthodontic Units, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Rafaela Oliveira Pilecco
- MSciD and PhD Graduate Programs in Oral Science - Prosthodontic Units, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Kiara Serafini Dapieve
- MSciD and PhD Graduate Programs in Oral Science - Prosthodontic Units, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Augusto Lima Burgo
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Luís Felipe Guilardi
- MSciD and PhD Graduate Programs in Oral Science - Prosthodontic Units, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Catina Prochnow
- MSciD and PhD Graduate Programs in Oral Science - Prosthodontic Units, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- MSciD and PhD Graduate Programs in Oral Science - Prosthodontic Units, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Marília Pivetta Rippe
- MSciD and PhD Graduate Programs in Oral Science - Prosthodontic Units, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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Does adhesive luting promote improved fatigue performance of lithium disilicate simplified crowns? J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 134:105373. [PMID: 35868064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the influence of adhesive luting on the fatigue mechanical properties of simplified lithium disilicate crowns luted to dentin analogues preparations, and to compare two different approaches of simulation of a non-adhesive luting procedure. To this end, 30 prosthetic preparations of glass fiber-filled epoxy resin used as dentin analogues were milled and lithium disilicate crowns were pressed (1.5 mm thickness), which were allocated into three different groups: resin cement (RC), resin cement isolated by paraffin oil (RCI) and zinc phosphate cement (ZP). For luting procedures, the ceramic crowns of the RC and RCI groups had their internal surface treated with 5% hydrofluoric acid and universal primer. Afterwards, a thin layer of paraffin oil was applied onto the ceramic crown intaglio surface in the RCI group. The dentin analogues were treated with 10% hydrofluoric acid, followed by primer application and luting as recommended by the manufacturer. No previous surface treatments were performed for the ZP group, and the cement was applied as recommended. The fatigue test was run under cyclic fatigue (load 400-2000 N, step-size 100 N, 15,000 cycles/step, frequency 20 Hz) until failure detection (radial crack) by transillumination. The fatigue failure load (FFL), number of cycles until failure (CFF), and survival rate in each testing step were recorded. The RC group presented a higher FFL, CFF and survival rate compared to the other groups (p < 0.001), which were statistically equal to each other (p > 0.05). Weibull analysis detected no difference between groups for the Weibull module. Therefore, loss of adhesion between the evaluated substrates induces a significant reduction in load-bearing capacity under fatigue of the lithium disilicate crowns, strengthening the strong-importance of long-lasting adhesion for crown's survival. In addition, different methods for the simulation of non-adhesive conditions induce the same performance in the explored outcomes, confirming that both are valid approaches for laboratory studies.
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Alsaud BA, Hajjaj MS, Masoud AI, Abou Neel EA, Abuelenain DA, Linjawi AI. Bonding of Clear Aligner Composite Attachments to Ceramic Materials: An In Vitro Study. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124145. [PMID: 35744204 PMCID: PMC9229529 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background: We aim to evaluate the effect of surface conditioning, bonding agents and composite types on surface roughness (SR) and shear bond strength (SBS) of clear aligner composite attachments bonded to ceramics. Methods: One hundred and eighty IPS e.max CAD specimens were prepared. For SR, 60 specimens were divided according to surface conditioning (n = 15) into four groups: control, 9.6% hydrofluoric acid (HFA), 37% phosphoric acid (PhA), air abrasion (AA). SR was measured using a Profilometer and Atomic Force Microscopy. For SBS, 120 specimens were divided according to conditioning methods (n = 40) (9.6% HFA and 37% PhA or AA), then according to bonding agents (n = 20) (Assure universal bond (AUB) or Single bond universal (SBU)) and then according to composite type (n = 10): Filtek™ Z350 and Filtek™ Z350 XT flowable composite. SBS was measured using Instron testing machine. Descriptive and group comparison were calculated (p < 0.05). Results: AA had the highest SR, while the control had the lowest SR (p < 0.05). HFA had the highest, but insignificant SBS, followed by AA (p > 0.05). AUB had higher SBS than SBU (p < 0.001). Filtek™ Z350 produced higher SBS than Filtek™ Z350 XT flowable composite (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The combination of AA, AUB, and Filtek Z350 produced the highest SBS, followed by HFA, AUB, and Filtek Z350.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashair A. Alsaud
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.A.); (A.I.M.)
| | - Maher S. Hajjaj
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.H.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Ahmad I. Masoud
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.A.); (A.I.M.)
| | - Ensanya A. Abou Neel
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Dalia A. Abuelenain
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.H.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Amal I. Linjawi
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.A.); (A.I.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-504-155573
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Guilardi LF, Werner A, Jager ND, Pereira GKR, Kleverlaan CJ, Rippe MP, Valandro LF. The influence of roughness on the resistance to impact of different CAD/CAM dental ceramics. Braz Dent J 2022; 32:54-65. [PMID: 35019019 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202103951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of surface roughness (polished vs. CAD/CAM milling simulation) on impact strength of five dental ceramics for manufacturing CAD/CAM monolithic restorations. Specimens of five ceramics (FC- feldspathic glass-ceramic; PICN- polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network; ZLS- zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic; LD- lithium disilicate glass-ceramic; YZ- yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal ceramic) to be tested under impact (15×10×2mm3; n= 15) were divided into two groups, according to surface treatment: polishing (pol) and grinding (gri) as CAD/CAM milling simulation. Impact strength was tested using the Dynstat method. Roughness, topographic, fractographic and finite element analyses were performed. The impact strength data were analyzed by Weibull, and Pearson correlation was used to correlate roughness and impact strength data. The CAD/CAM milling simulation led to significantly (p<0.05) greater roughness (Ra and Rz) and statistically reduced the impact strength for PICN (polPICN= 4.59 to griPICN= 1.09; ±76% decrease), for LD (polLD= 17.69 to griLD= 10.09; ±43% decrease) and for YZ (polYZ= 74.99 to griYZ= 20.67; ±72% decrease) ceramics; and also promoted a more irregular topography with scratches and grooves. Fractographic and FEA analyses depicted the origin of failure at the higher stress concentration side during the impact test, where the pendulum impacted. The CAD/CAM milling simulation significantly decreased the impact strength of the evaluated ceramic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe Guilardi
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Arie Werner
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Niek de Jager
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam - ACTA, Department of Dental Materials Science, Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cornelis Johannes Kleverlaan
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam - ACTA, Department of Dental Materials Science, Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marilia Pivetta Rippe
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Dapieve KS, Pereira GKR, Venturini AB, Daudt N, Valcanaia A, Bottino MC, Valandro LF. Do resin cement viscosity and ceramic surface etching influence the fatigue performance of bonded lithium disilicate glass-ceramic crowns? Dent Mater 2021; 38:e59-e67. [PMID: 34969523 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of a resin cement in high and low viscosity and distinct conditioning of the intaglio surface of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic crowns on fatigue performance of the crowns. METHODS Prosthetic preparations (full-crown) in resin epoxy and crowns in lithium disilicate glass-ceramic were machined and allocated considering 2 factors (n = 10): "surface treatment" (HF - 5% hydrofluoric acid etching, followed by silane application; or E&P-self-etching ceramic primer) and "resin cement" (high or low viscosity). The preparations were etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid and an adhesive was applied. The intaglio surfaces of the ceramic crowns were treated as aforementioned (HF or E&P) and luted with high or low viscosity. The bonded sets were subjected to fatigue testing (step-stress approach: initial load of 200 N, step-size of 50 N, 10,000 cycles/step, 20 Hz) and complementary analyses (fractographic, topographic, and cross-sectional bonded interfacial zone analyses) were performed. RESULTS Treatment with HF and silane with high viscosity resin cement (955 N/156,000 cycles) and E&P with low viscosity resin cement (1090 N/183,000 cycles) showed the best fatigue performance (statistical similarity between them). The failures originated from defects of the cement-ceramic interface, and the HF treatment induced a more pronounced topographical alteration. SIGNIFICANCE Distinct topographical patterns from the HF and E&P treatments induced better fatigue results for the specific viscosity of the resin cement. Therefore, the fatigue performance depended on the existing topography, type of intaglio surface's defects/irregularities after surface treatment, and how the luting agent filled the irregularities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Serafini Dapieve
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Andressa Borin Venturini
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Natália Daudt
- Post-Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - André Valcanaia
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Marco Cícero Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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Cadore-Rodrigues AC, Machry RV, Zucuni CP, Pereira GKR, Valandro LF. Grinding and polishing of the inner surface of monolithic simplified restorations made of zirconia polycrystals and lithium disilicate glass-ceramic: Effects on the load-bearing capacity under fatigue of the bonded restorations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 124:104833. [PMID: 34562764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of grinding and polishing the inner surface of monolithic discs made of zirconia polycrystals (ZR) and lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LD) on the load-bearing capacity under fatigue of the restorations bonded onto a dentin analogue material (epoxy resin). ZR and LD ceramic discs (10 mm in diameter, 1 mm in thickness) were produced and randomly allocated into 10 groups considering the internal adjustment approach: Ctrl - No adjustment; F - Grinding with fine diamond bur (46 μm); F + Pol - Grinding with fine diamond bur followed by polishing with 2 tips (finisher and polisher); FF - Grinding with extrafine diamond bur (30 μm); FF + Pol - Grinding with extrafine diamond bur followed by polishing. In addition, discs (10 mm in diameter, 2.5 mm in thickness) of fiber reinforced epoxy resin were produced. Afterwards, the intaglio surface of the ZR discs were air-abraded with 45 μm alumina particles for 10 s, the LD and resin epoxy discs were etched with hydrofluoric acid (5%/20 s and 10%/60 s, respectively), and the treated discs were primed as recommended. Each ceramic disc was luted onto the epoxy resin disc with resin cement. Then, the samples were tested under a step-stress fatigue test (20 Hz, 10,000 cycles/step, step-size of 100 N starting at 200 N, and proceeding until failure detection). Fractographic, topographic and surface roughness analysis were also performed. The adjustments (grinding with or without polishing) (ZR: 733-880 N; LD: 1040-1106 N) triggered a detrimental effect on the fatigue behavior in both ceramics compared with the absence of treatment (control group; ZR: 973 N; LD: 1406 N). The polishing step had no effect on fatigue findings. Thus, grinding the inner surface of the tested ceramics should be avoided wherever possible to prevent introducing damage and its detrimental effects on the fatigue behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Cadore-Rodrigues
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Renan Vaz Machry
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Camila Pauleski Zucuni
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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Machry RV, Cadore-Rodrigues AC, Packaeser MG, Lorenzett E, Burgo TADL, Pereira GKR, Valandro LF. Influence of surface treatment of resin composite substrate on the load-bearing capacity under fatigue of lithium disilicate monolithic simplified restorations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 124:104792. [PMID: 34488172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of surface treatments of resin composite substrate on the fatigue behavior of adhesively cemented lithium disilicate glass-ceramic simplified restorations. CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramic blocks were shaped into discs (N = 60, Ø = 10 mm; thickness = 1.0 mm). Resin composite discs (N = 60, Ø = 10 mm, thickness = 2 mm) were allocated into four groups considering the "surface treatment" factor: Ctrl - no surface treatment; Bur - grinding with coarse diamond bur (#3101G, KG Sorensen); PA - etching with 37% phosphoric acid (15 s); AA - air abrasion with alumina particles (45 μm, 10 mm distance, 2.8 bars, 10 s). The surface topography, the roughness, the fractal dimension (estimated by the box-counting method) and the contact angle analyses were performed after the surface treatments. The lithium disilicate discs were etched (5% hydrofluoric acid, 20 s), silanized and adhesively cemented (Multilink N, Ivoclar Vivadent) on the resin composite discs. The samples (bonded restoration set) were subjected to a step-stress fatigue test at 20 Hz, 10,000 cycles/step with a step-size of 100 N applied on the ceramic surface, having ceramic up and resin composite down. Fractographic analysis was performed. The fatigue data (Fatigue Failure Load - FFL; and Cycles for Failure - CFF) were analyzed by Kaplan Meier with Mantel-Cox log-rank post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). No statistical difference for fatigue performance could be found among the groups (FFL means: 820-867 N; CFF means: 53,195-61,090 cycles). The bur group showed higher surface roughness and contact angle values. The PA group has the highest average fractal dimension. Therefore, the resin composite surface treatment induces topographical changes, however, it has no effect on the fatigue behavior of lithium disilicate restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Vaz Machry
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthodontic Unit, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Cadore-Rodrigues
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthodontic Unit, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Maria Gabriela Packaeser
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthodontic Unit, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Ezequiel Lorenzett
- Post-Graduate Program in Physics, Physics Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | | | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthodontic Unit, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthodontic Unit, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil.
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Baldissara P, Koci B, Monaco C, Scotti N, Breschi L, Ciocca L. Fatigue failure and success rate of lithium disilicate table-tops as a function of cement thickness. J Prosthodont Res 2021; 65:528-534. [PMID: 34108297 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_20_00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Under thin, partial coverage restoration the proper cement thickness to be clinically employed still remains an issue. The aim of this study was to determine the failure and success rates of simplified lithium disilicate occlusal veneers as a function of cement thickness. The null hypothesis was that cement thickness has no effect on the fatigue resistance. METHODS Sound human molars were severed in a plane parallel to the occlusal surface to create a flat dentin surface surrounded by enamel edges. Forty-five occlusal veneers 1.0 mm thick (IPS e.max CAD LT) were luted to the teeth with Multilink Automix resin cement, creating 3 experimental groups (n=15) with cement thicknesses of 50, 100, and 200 µm. The restorations were fatigue-cycled using a ball mill machine containing zirconia and stainless steel spheres. Twelve 60 min cycles were performed. Survival statistics were applied to "failure" and "success" events, comparing the three groups using a log-rank Mantel-Cox test and a log-rank test for trends (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS The failure and success rates were not significantly influenced by cement thickness (P = 0.137 and P = 0.872, respectively); thus, the null hypothesis was accepted. However, when log-rank test for trends was applied to failure events, the tendency to have less failures with increasing thicknesses was found statistically significant (P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS The cement thickness within the range adopted here did not have a significant effect on the failure or success rate of lithium disilicate occlusal veneers when exposed to randomized impact stresses generating fatigue phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Baldissara
- Section of Prosthodontics, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna
| | - Brunilda Koci
- Faculty of Dental Sciences, Aldent University, Tirana
| | - Carlo Monaco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna
| | - Nicola Scotti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin
| | - Lorenzo Breschi
- Section of Prosthodontics, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna
| | - Leonardo Ciocca
- Section of Prosthodontics, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna
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Pilecco RO, Dalla-Nora F, Guilardi LF, Pereira GKR, de Andrade GS, de Melo RM, Valandro LF, Rippe MP. In-lab simulation of CAD/CAM milling of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic specimens: Effect on the fatigue behavior of the bonded ceramic. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 121:104604. [PMID: 34087550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of in-lab simulation procedures performed on a lithium disilicate ceramic luted to a dentin-analogue material regarding the fatigue performance and topographic changes. Lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max CAD) discs (Ø = 13.5 mm and 1.5 mm of thickness) were produced in different ways: milled in a CAD/CAM system (CAD/CAM - control group); mirror-polished (POL group); produced in-lab and ground with #60 silicon carbide paper (SiC group); with #60 wood sandpaper (WS group); with a fine diamond bur (DB group); or with a CAD/CAM bur adapted in a handpiece with a custom mandrel (MANDREL group). The ceramic discs were adhesively luted (Multilink N) onto dentin analogue discs (Ø = 12 mm and 2 mm of thickness) and fatigue testing (n = 19 discs) was performed by step-stress methodology (initial load of 200 N; step-size of 50 N; 10,000 cycles per step; 20 Hz). Surface roughness and contact angle analysis were also performed. According to Kaplan-Meier and post-hoc Mantel-Cox (log-rank), distinct fabrication methods affected the fatigue performance of bonded glass-ceramic discs (p< 0.001). The CAD/CAM group presented the lowest fatigue failure loads (1250 N) and number of cycles for failure (185,000), while the POL groups obtained the highest results (1752 N; 284,444 cycles). The in-lab groups had intermediate values (1355 - 1526 N; 206,052 - 238,684 cycles). Polished specimens presented the lowest roughness values (Ra = 0.041 μm), while the SiC (1.604 μm), WS (1.701 μm), and MANDREL (1.867 μm) groups showed statistically similar roughness values to the CAD/CAM group (1.738 μm). Despite differences before etching, the contact angle was similar among the milled and simulated groups after etching, except for the polished group. Even with some topographic similarities, the tested in-lab simulation methods were not able to mimic the milled specimens in terms of fatigue findings, leading to distinct magnitude of overestimations of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Oliveira Pilecco
- MSciD and PhD Graduate Programs in Oral Science - Prosthodontic Units, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Dalla-Nora
- MSciD and PhD Graduate Programs in Oral Science - Prosthodontic Units, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Luís Felipe Guilardi
- MSciD and PhD Graduate Programs in Oral Science - Prosthodontic Units, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- MSciD and PhD Graduate Programs in Oral Science - Prosthodontic Units, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Schmitt de Andrade
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology ICT/SJC, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renata Marques de Melo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology ICT/SJC, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- MSciD and PhD Graduate Programs in Oral Science - Prosthodontic Units, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Marília Pivetta Rippe
- MSciD and PhD Graduate Programs in Oral Science - Prosthodontic Units, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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Kalia P, Nair KC, Jaiswal D, Tikmani C, Banerjee D, Bera R. A comparative study on the effect of polishing systems on the color and surface texture of different porcelain systems - feldspathic, pressable, and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2021; 21:173-179. [PMID: 33938867 PMCID: PMC8262439 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_425_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To find and compare the qualitative and quantitative change in color and surface texture of feldspathic ceramic, pressable ceramic and ceramic used in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing CAD/CAM after different surface treatments namely glazing, abrading and polishing. To compare the effectiveness of pearl finish polishing paste and Soflex polishing system used in the study. Setting and Design: In-vitro, comparative study. Materials and Methods: Disc-shaped feldsapathic, pressable, CAD/CAM ceramic specimens were fabricated. Surface roughness and color parameters Δ L*, Δa*, and Δ b* were measured before glazing, after glazing, after abrasion with 02 diamond bur and after polishing with two different polishing systems. Surface roughness was measured qualitatively using scanning electron microscopy and quantitatively using an optical profilometer. The value of color parameters was obtained using a colorimeter. Data were statistically analyzed with ANOVA. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS software 20.0 version (IBM, New York, United states of America). Results: Unglazed feldspathic, pressable and CAD/CAM porcelain specimens showed a mean surface roughness value of 2.73 ± 0.38, 3.54 ± 1.42, and 3 ± 1.74 specimens. After glazing and polishing, the surface roughness values decreased. After abrasion, surface roughness values increased. Polishing did not alter the color along the red green axis and yellow blue axis. Conclusions: Abraded specimens of feldspathic, pressable and CAD/CAM after polishing using pearl finish polishing paste and Soflex disc became smoother than glazed specimens. When pearl finish polishing paste and Soflex discs were compared for their effectiveness the former appeared to be more superior but not to a significant level. Mechanically altering feldspathic, pressable, and porcelain used in CAD/CAM technology does not cause any change in shade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kalia
- Private Practice, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Joka, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - K Chandrasekharan Nair
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sri Sankara Dental College, Akathumuri, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Deepesh Jaiswal
- Department of Dentistry, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Joka, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chetna Tikmani
- Ur's Tooth fully Dental Laboratory, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Dhrubojyoti Banerjee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ritwika Bera
- Gurunank Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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de Kok P, Kanters GF, Kleverlaan CJ. Fatigue resistance of composite resins and glass-ceramics on dentin and enamel. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 127:593-598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kang SY, Yu JM, Lee JS, Park KS, Lee SY. Evaluation of the Milling Accuracy of Zirconia-Reinforced Lithium Silicate Crowns Fabricated Using the Dental Medical Device System: A Three-Dimensional Analysis. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13204680. [PMID: 33096621 PMCID: PMC7589780 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the milling accuracy of lithium disilicate and zirconia-reinforced silicate crown fabricated using chairside computer-aided design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system. Mandibular left first premolar was selected for abutment. A master model was obtained for digital impression using an intraoral scanner, and crowns were designed using a CAD software design program. Amber Mill (AM), IPS e max CAD (IPS), and CELTRA DUO (CEL) were used in the CAD/CAM system, and a total 45 crowns (15 crowns each for AM, IPS, and CEL) was fabricated. Milling accuracy was analyzed with respect to trueness, measured by superimposing CAD design data and scan data through a three-dimensional program to compare the outer and inner surfaces and internal and external parts, thereby acquiring both quantitative and qualitative data. Data were analyzed using the non-parametric test and Kruskal–Wallis H test. In addition, the Mann–Whitney U test was used by applying the level of significance (0.05/3 = 0.016) adjusted by post-analysis Bonferroni correction. All the measured parts of the lithium disilicate and zirconia-reinforced silicate crowns showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). The lithium disilicate (AM and IPS) materials showed superior milling accuracy than the zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (CEL) materials.
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Cadore-Rodrigues AC, Machado PS, Oliveira JSD, Jahn SL, Callegari GL, Dorneles LS, Burgo TADL, Rippe MP, Rocha Pereira GK, Valandro LF. Fatigue performance of fully-stabilized zirconia polycrystals monolithic restorations: The effects of surface treatments at the bonding surface. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103962. [PMID: 32957253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the distinct conditioning effect of the intaglio surface of bonded fully-stabilized zirconia (FSZ) simplified restorations on the mechanical fatigue behavior of the set prior to and after aging. Ceramic disc shaped specimens (Ø= 10 mm and 1 mm thick) were randomly allocated into 14 groups considering: "surface treatments" (Ctrl: no-treatment; PM: universal primer; GLZ: low-fusing porcelain glaze; SNF: 5 nm SiO2 nanofilm deposition; AlOx: air-abrasion with aluminum oxide; SiC: air-abrasion with silica-coated aluminum oxide; 7%Si: air-abrasion with 7% silica-coated aluminum oxide); and "aging" (baseline: 24 h at 37 °C in water; or aged: 90 days at 37 °C in water + 12,000 thermal cycles). The discs were treated, luted with resin cement onto the dentin analog, subjected to aging or not, and then tested under a step-stress fatigue test at 20 Hz, 10,000 cycles/step, step-size of 100N starting at 200N, and proceeding until failure detection. Fractographic, topographic, surface roughness, contact angle, and atomic force microscopy analyzes were performed. The surface treatments at baseline led to statistically similar fatigue failure loads (953N-1313N), except for GLZ (1313N), which was significantly higher than 7%Si (953 N). Meanwhile, Ctrl had 40% pre-test failures (debonding) after aging, and therefore the worst fatigue performance (notable decrease in fatigue results), while all the other groups presented superior and statistically similar fatigue behavior (973-1271N). In fact, when considering baseline Vs aging conditions, stable fatigue results could only be noted when using surface treatments. In conclusion, internal surface treatments of FSZ ceramic restorations are mandatory for fatigue behavior stability after aging the restorative set, while non-treatment induced unstable results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Soares Machado
- Oral Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | | | - Sérgio Luiz Jahn
- Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Marilia Pivetta Rippe
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthodontic Unit, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | | | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Oral Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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Alves DM, Cadore-Rodrigues AC, Prochnow C, Burgo TADL, Spazzin AO, Bacchi A, Valandro LF, Rocha Pereira GK. Fatigue performance of adhesively luted glass or polycrystalline CAD-CAM monolithic crowns. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 126:119-127. [PMID: 32636073 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Data comparing the fatigue performance of adhesively luted glass or polycrystalline ceramic systems for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) are scarce. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the fatigue performance of monolithic crowns manufactured from glass or polycrystalline CAD-CAM ceramic systems adhesively luted to a dentin analog. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-four pairs of standardized preparations of dentin analog (NEMA Grade G10) and simplified ceramic crowns of 1.5-mm thickness were obtained with 3 ceramic materials: lithium disilicate (LD) glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD); zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) glass-ceramic (Vita Suprinity); and translucent yttrium fully stabilized polycrystalline zirconia (Trans YZ) (Prettau Anterior). The simplified crowns (n=15) were adhesively cemented onto the preparations and subjected to step-stress fatigue test (initial load of 400 N, 20 Hz, 10 000 cycles, followed by 100-N increment steps until failure). Collected data (fatigue failure load [FFL] and cycles for failure [CFF]) were submitted to survival analysis with the Kaplan-Meier and Mantel-Cox post hoc tests (α=.05) and to Weibull analysis (Weibull modulus and its respective 95% confidence interval). Failed crowns were submitted to fractography analysis. The surface characteristics of the internal surface (roughness, fractal dimension) of additional crowns were accessed, and the occlusal cement thickness obtained in each luted system was measured. RESULTS Trans YZ crowns presented the highest values of FFL, CFF, and survival rates, followed by ZLS and LD (mean FFL: 1740 N>1187 N>987 N; mean CFF: 149 000>92 613>73 667). Weibull modulus and cement thickness were similar for all tested materials. LD presented the roughest internal surface, followed by ZLS (mean Ra: 226 nm>169 nm>93 nm). The LD and ZLS internal surfaces also showed higher fractal dimension, pointing to a more complex surface topography (mean fractal dimension: 2.242=2.238>2.147). CONCLUSIONS CAD-CAM monolithic crowns of Trans YZ show the best fatigue performance. In addition, ZLS crowns also showed better performance than LD crowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Meira Alves
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Meridional Faculty, IMED, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Cadore-Rodrigues
- PhD student, MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Catina Prochnow
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago Augusto de Lima Burgo
- Adjunct Professor, Department of Physics, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aloísio Oro Spazzin
- Professor, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Meridional Faculty, IMED, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ataís Bacchi
- Professor, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Meridional Faculty, IMED, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Professor, MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- Adjunct Professor, MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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LF G, P S, A W, de Jager N, GKR P, CJ K, MP R, LF V. Fatigue performance of distinct CAD/CAM dental ceramics. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 103:103540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Aziz A, El-Mowafy O. Convergence Angle of Preparations for Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic Crowns by Dental Students and Its Effect on Crown Retention. J Dent Educ 2020; 84:329-335. [PMID: 32176349 DOI: 10.21815/jde.019.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the convergence angles of posterior teeth prepared by dental students at the University of Toronto for lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LDGC) CAD/CAM crowns and to investigate their effect on loss of retention rate. A total of 280 preparations for posterior monolithic LDGC CAD/CAM crowns were performed on 270 patients (169 women and 101 men). Crowns were cemented with RelyX Unicem and Calibra Universal resin cements. Mesial, distal, and angle of convergence were measured on the bitewing radiographs. Cemented crowns were followed for up to six years. Data were analyzed for tooth type and location and for operator experience. The results showed the majority of convergence angles were greater than the recommended guidelines but fell within a clinically acceptable range (20 to 24 degrees). However, angles of convergence for mandibular molar preparations were highest (28.06±5.50 degrees), while maxillary premolars exhibited the lowest values (24.72±6.59 degrees). No significant difference was found between the results of dental students and foreign-trained dentists. Over a six-year observation period, only two crowns lost retention. The findings of this study indicated that ideal taper angles were impractical and difficult to achieve in clinical education settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Aziz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto
| | - Omar El-Mowafy
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto
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Huang XQ, Hong NR, Zou LY, Wu SY, Li Y. Estimation of stress distribution and risk of failure for maxillary premolar restored by occlusal veneer with different CAD/CAM materials and preparation designs. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3157-3167. [PMID: 32034548 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare stress distribution and failure probability in maxillary premolars restored by simple occlusal veneer (SOV) and buccal-occlusal veneer (BOV) with 3 different CAD/CAM materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS A maxillary premolar was digitized by a micro-CT scanner. Three-dimensional dynamic scan data were transformed, and finite element models of 2 different models (SOV and BOV restored teeth) were designed. Three different CAD/CAM materials, including lithium disilicate glass ceramic (LD) IPS e.max CAD, polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network (PICN) Vita Enamic, and resin nano-ceramic (RNC) Lava Ultimate, were designated to both veneers. Maximum principle stresses were determined by applying a 300-N axial load to the occlusal surface. Weibull analyses were performed to calculate the failure probability of the models. RESULTS LD-restored teeth showed the highest stress in the veneer, lowest stress in substrate teeth, and lowest failure probability for the overall system; RNC-restored teeth showed the lowest stress in the veneer, highest stress in substrate teeth, and highest failure probability. No significant differences were found in the cement layer among the different models. No significant differences of stress and failure probability existed between SOV and BOV preparations. CONCLUSIONS CAD/CAM composite resin occlusal veneers bear lower maximum stress than ceramic veneers. Teeth restored by composite veneers are more prone to failure than those restored by ceramic veneers. Additional reduction of the buccal surface did not increase the stress on the occlusal veneer under axial load. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Both occlusal veneers could be used under physiological masticatory force. CAD/CAM glass ceramic was safer than composite resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiong Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Nan-Rui Hong
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei-Yan Zou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Shu-Yi Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
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Ferreira I, Vidal CL, Botelho AL, Ferreira PS, Valente MLDC, Schiavon MA, Alves OL, Dos Reis AC. Effect of nanomaterial incorporation on the mechanical and microbiological properties of dental porcelain. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 123:529.e1-529.e5. [PMID: 31952862 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Dental porcelain restorations are subject to biological failures related to secondary caries and periodontal disease leading to prosthesis replacement. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to explore the microbiological and mechanical properties of dental porcelain incorporated with different percentages of silver vanadate (β-AgVO3) through microbiological analysis, roughness tests, and the Vickers microhardness test. MATERIAL AND METHODS IPS InLine porcelain specimens were made by using a cylindrical Teflon matrix in the dimensions of 8×2 mm. For the control group, the porcelain was manipulated according to the manufacturer's instructions. The groups incorporating the nanomaterial were prepared with 2.5%, 5%, and 10% of β-AgVO3, which was added proportionally by mass to the porcelain powder. In vitro microbiologic analysis, roughness tests, and the Vickers microhardness test were performed. RESULTS Against Streptococcus mutans, the control group showed no inhibition halo (0 mm). All groups with AgVO3 showed a zone of inhibition, the highest for the group with 10% (30 mm) and then the groups with 2.5% (9 mm) and 5% (17 mm). For Vickers microhardness, no statistically significant difference (P<.05) was observed between the evaluated groups. The group with 10% of AgVO3 had the highest mean roughness and was statistically different (P<.001) from the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Adding β-AgVO3 to dental porcelain demonstrated antimicrobial effectiveness at all concentrations (2.5%, 5%, and 10%), with no effect on Vickers microhardness. The 10% group had higher roughness than the other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Ferreira
- Student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carla Larissa Vidal
- Graduate student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - André Luís Botelho
- Postdoctoral student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Ferreira
- Laboratory Technician, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lima da Costa Valente
- Postdoctoral student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Schiavon
- Professor, Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Luiz Alves
- Professor, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paolo, Brazil
| | - Andréa Cândido Dos Reis
- Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Guilardi LF, Pereira GKR, Vallau AS, Silva IA, Giordani JC, Valandro LF, Rippe MP. Fatigue Failure Load of a Bonded Simplified Monolithic Feldspathic Ceramic: Influence of Hydrofluoric Acid Etching and Thermocycling. Oper Dent 2020; 45:E21-E31. [DOI: 10.2341/19-069-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objective:
To evaluate the effect of hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching and thermocycling (Tc) on fatigue failure load of feldspathic ceramic restorations cemented with two resin cements.
Methods:
Disc-shaped feldspathic ceramic (Vitablocs Mark II; Ø=10 mm, 1.0-mm thick) and G10 epoxy resin (Ø=10 mm, 2.5-mm thick) specimens were made and randomly allocated considering three factors: ceramic etching (ie, with vs without 10% HF plus silane application), resin cement (ie, self-adhesive [RelyX U200; U200] or conventional [Multilink Automix; MA]), and Tc (ie, with vs without 5-55°C/12,000 cycles). Adhesive cementation followed each manufacturer's instructions. The fatigue test (n=20) was based on the staircase approach (250,000 cycles; 20 Hz). Contact angle, surface topography, and fractography analysis were also executed. Specific statistical tests were employed for each outcome (α=0.05).
Results:
The interaction of HF and Tc factors decreased the fatigue resistance for both cements (U200 542.63>U200/HF-Tc 495.00; MA 544.47>MA/HF-Tc 506.84). Comparing the cements associated with HF or Tc, there was statistical superiority for MA (U200-Tc 537.37<MA-Tc 561.32; U200/HF 535.79<MA/HF 557.11), and no statistical difference was detected when only cement type or its association with HF-Tc was compared (U200 542.63=MA 544.47; U200/HF-Tc 495.00=MA/HF-Tc 506.84). The fracture always originated from defects at the ceramic-intaglio surface as radial cracks.
Conclusion:
HF etching plus silane agent increased the ceramic surface free energy and its wettability, but it did not provide better results in terms of fatigue resistance compared with silane agent application only. The association of HF etching and aging significantly reduced the fatigue resistance of the material, regardless of the resin cement used.
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Affiliation(s)
- LF Guilardi
- Luís Felipe Guilardi, DDS, MSD, MSciD and PhD, Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Units), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - GKR Pereira
- Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira, DDS, MSciD, PhD, Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - AS Vallau
- Amanda da Silveira Vallau, DDS, Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - IA Silva
- Isadora Ames Silva, DDS, Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - JC Giordani
- João Carlos Giordani, DDS, Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - LF Valandro
- Luiz Felipe Valandro, DDS, MSciD, PhD, Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - MP Rippe
- Marília Pivetta Rippe, DDS, MSciD, PhD, Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
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Schestatsky R, Zucuni CP, Dapieve KS, Burgo TAL, Spazzin AO, Bacchi A, Valandro LF, Pereira GKR. Microstructure, topography, surface roughness, fractal dimension, internal and marginal adaptation of pressed and milled lithium-disilicate monolithic restorations. J Prosthodont Res 2020; 64:12-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Maciel LC, Silva CFB, de Jesus RH, Concílio LRDS, Kano SC, Xible AA. Influence of polishing systems on roughness and color change of two dental ceramics. J Adv Prosthodont 2019; 11:215-222. [PMID: 31497269 PMCID: PMC6718845 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2019.11.4.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the polishing effect on roughness and color change of pressed and layering ceramics after immersion in coffee solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS 88 ceramic discs (1.0 mm × 10.0 mm) were manufactured - 44 nano-fluorapatite layering ceramics (IPS e.max Ceram. Group C) and 44 pressed lithium disilicate ceramic discs (IPS e. max Press - Group P). Each group was divided into 4 subgroups according to surface treatments: (G) Glaze, (S) Shofu polishing system (Shofu Inc.), (E) Edenta AG polishing System, (KG) 30-µm diamond granulation tip. Surface roughness (Ra) and color change (ΔE) measurings after the surface treatments were performed, before and 12 days after the immersion in coffee solution. A samples' qualitative analysis was conducted with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were statistically-treated with one-way-ANOVA and Duncan's tests, apart from paired t-test and Pearson's correlation test (α=5%). RESULTS The decrescent order, both for surface roughness (Ra) and ΔE for both ceramics were: KG > E > S > G (P<.05). With exception for PG and CG subgroups, which did not present statistical difference between them, all other pressed ceramics subgroups presented smaller Ra values and greater ΔE values than the layering ceramics subgroups (P<.05). CONCLUSION Although mechanical polishing systems presented intermediate Ra values, their colors were considered clinically acceptable. There is a strong correlation between the surface roughness and the color change of tested ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ricardo Huver de Jesus
- Dental School, University Veiga de Almeida - UVA, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Stefania Carvalho Kano
- Dental School, Federal University of Espírito Santo - UFES, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Anuar Antônio Xible
- Dental School, Federal University of Espírito Santo - UFES, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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41
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van den Breemer C, Cune M, Özcan M, Naves L, Kerdijk W, Gresnigt M. Randomized clinical trial on the survival of lithium disilicate posterior partial restorations bonded using immediate or delayed dentin sealing after 3 years of function. J Dent 2019; 85:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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42
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Maroulakos G, Thompson GA, Kontogiorgos ED. Effect of cement type on the clinical performance and complications of zirconia and lithium disilicate tooth-supported crowns: A systematic review. Report of the Committee on Research in Fixed Prosthodontics of the American Academy of Fixed Prosthodontics. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 121:754-765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Schmitt de Andrade G, Diniz V, Datte CE, Pereira GKR, Venturini AB, Campos TMB, Amaral M, Bottino MA, Valandro LF, Marques de Melo R. Newer vs. older CAD/CAM burs: Influence of bur experience on the fatigue behavior of adhesively cemented simplified lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic restorations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 95:172-179. [PMID: 31009901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of the CAD/CAM burs experience (newer vs older as consequence of the milling sequence) on fatigue failure load (FFL), number of cycles for failure (CFF), and survival rates of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic simplified restorations adhesively cemented to a dentin analogue substrate. Three sets of CAD/CAM burs were used to mill disc-shaped ceramic specimens (1 bur set - 18 milled discs with 10 mm diameter and 1.5 mm thickness), considering the bur experience as a result of the milling sequence to compose the study groups: G1-6 - discs obtained from the 1st to 6th milling of each bur set; G7-12 - specimens from the 7th to 12th milling; G13-18 - discs from the 13th to 18th. Discs of dentin analogue (G10, 10 mm diameter and 2.0 mm thickness) were made to serve as substrate (base material) and randomly assigned into pairs with the respective ceramic discs. Then, the ceramic discs were adhesively cemented onto the dentin analogue substrate, composing a three-layer specimen that mimics a monolithic restoration of a posterior tooth. Specimens were tested under stepwise fatigue approach: frequency = 20 Hz, 5000 cycles at maximum load of 400 N to accommodate the testing assembly, followed by incremental steps of 200 N with initial load ranging from 10 to 1000 N, to a maximum of 20,000 cycles/each step, until the occurrence of failure (radial crack). FFL and CFF were recorded at the end of the testing and subjected to statistical analysis. Supplementary roughness analysis of the milled surface was performed (n = 18) using a contact profilometer. Residual stress after milling and acid etching were accessed via X-ray Diffractometry analysis. FFL and CFF were not affected by increase on bur experience (no statistical differences among groups), despite that, it affected both Ra and Rz parameters (G1-6 had the smoothest surface). The residual stress concentration was negligible (milling did not induce residual stress concentration). It is concluded that the fatigue behavior of adhesively cemented lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic restorations was not influenced by CAD/CAM bur experience (newer vs older as consequence of the milling sequence), and so the residual stress concentration induced by milling was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Schmitt de Andrade
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp) - Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
| | - Vandeberg Diniz
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp) - Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Eduardo Datte
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp) - Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
| | | | - Andressa Borin Venturini
- Oral Science, Prosthodontics Unit, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | | | - Marina Amaral
- Department of Dentistry (Prosthetic Dentistry), University of Taubaté (UNITAU), Taubaté, Brazil.
| | - Marco Antonio Bottino
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp) - Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Oral Science, Prosthodontics Unit, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Renata Marques de Melo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp) - Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
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Schestatsky R, Zucuni CP, Venturini AB, de Lima Burgo TA, Bacchi A, Valandro LF, Rocha Pereira GK. CAD-CAM milled versus pressed lithium-disilicate monolithic crowns adhesively cemented after distinct surface treatments: Fatigue performance and ceramic surface characteristics. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 94:144-154. [PMID: 30897502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the fatigue failure load (FFL), number of cycles for failure (CFF) and survival probabilities of lithium-disilicate (LD) monolithic crowns manufactured by two processing techniques (pressing vs. CAD/CAM) adhesively cemented to a dentin-analogue material, considering two surface treatments (conventional vs. simplified). Surface characteristics (topography, roughness and fractal dimensions) were also assessed. Forty (40) monolithic crowns were manufactured considering two specific processing techniques for each ceramic system: LDCAD - CAD/CAM lithium-disilicate (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent); LDPRESS - pressed lithium-disilicate (IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent). The crowns were adhesively cemented (Multilink Automix System, Ivoclar Vivadent) onto dentin analogue preparations considering two distinct protocols of surface treatments (conventional - hydrofluoric acid etching + silane application [HF+Sil] or simplified - etching with one-step primer (Monobond Etch&Prime, Ivoclar Vivadent) [EP]). The cemented assembly was stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 3 days and fatigue tests were run (step-stress approach: load ranging from 400 to 2000 N, step-size of 100 N, 15,000 cycles/step, 20 Hz). Fractography, surface topography, roughness, and fractal dimension analyses were performed. LDPRESS[EP] group depicted higher FFL, CFF and survival probabilities in comparison to LDCAD groups, regardless of the conditioning method. A tendency of higher Weibull modulus (mechanical reliability) was observed when using [EP] for both LDPRESS and LDCAD. SEM and AFM analysis showed very distinct initial surface patterns for the distinct processing techniques considered (LDCAD with higher fractal dimension and lower roughness than LDPRESS), and both surface treatments distinctly affected these surface characteristics. All failures were radial cracks originating at the ceramic-cement interface. Pressed lithium-disilicate monolithic crowns showed better fatigue performance in comparison to CAD/CAM milled crowns, especially when they were treated with self-etching ceramic primer. The surface treatment with self-etching primer led to similar fatigue performance when compared to hydrofluoric acid plus silane application for the same processing technique, but it tended to provide higher mechanical reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Schestatsky
- MSciD Graduate Program, School of Dentistry, Meridional Faculty - IMED, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Camila Pauleski Zucuni
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Andressa Borin Venturini
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | | | - Atais Bacchi
- MSciD Graduate Program, School of Dentistry, Meridional Faculty - IMED, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- MSciD Graduate Program, School of Dentistry, Meridional Faculty - IMED, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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Moussally C, Fron-Chabouis H, Charrière A, Maladry L, Dursun E. Full-mouth Rehabilitation of Hypocalcified-type Amelogenesis Imperfecta With Chairside Computer-aided Design and Computer-aided Manufacturing: A Case Report. Oper Dent 2019; 44:E145-E158. [PMID: 30849013 DOI: 10.2341/17-241-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This case report describes the complete full-mouth treatment of hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) by chairside computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). CASE SUMMARY After several years of interrupted dental care, a 17-year-old female patient presented with pain and also esthetic and functional discomfort. With loss of enamel and dyschromia affecting all teeth, the diagnosis was hypocalcified AI. Affected tissues were eliminated, gingivectomy with laser was performed, an indented jig was used to record the centric relationship during optical impressions, and 28 full ceramic crowns were created by chairside CAD/CAM in four sessions. The patient reported rapid pain relief and an overall improvement of well-being. CONCLUSION AI sequelae can be treated promptly and conservatively with chairside CAD/CAM, obtaining esthetic and functional results.
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Madruga CFL, Bueno MG, Dal Piva AMDO, Prochnow C, Pereira GKR, Bottino MA, Valandro LF, de Melo RM. Sequential usage of diamond bur for CAD/CAM milling: Effect on the roughness, topography and fatigue strength of lithium disilicate glass ceramic. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 91:326-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mahmood DJH, Braian M, Larsson C, Wennerberg A. Production tolerance of conventional and digital workflow in the manufacturing of glass ceramic crowns. Dent Mater 2019; 35:486-494. [PMID: 30686710 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure and compare the size of the cement gap of wax and polymer copings and final glass-ceramic crowns, produced from conventional and digital workflows, one additive and one subtractive. METHODS Thirty wax copings were made by conventional manual layering technique and modeling wax on stone models with spacer varnish simulating a cement spacer. The wax copings were embedded and press-cast in lithium disilicate glass ceramic. Thirty wax copings were produced by milling from a wax blank, i.e. subtractive manufacturing, and thirty polymer burn-out copings were produced by stereolithography, i.e. additive manufacturing. These copings were embedded and press-cast in lithium disilicate glass ceramic in the same manner as the conventional group. The fit of the wax/polymer copings and subsequent crowns was checked using an impression replica method. Mean values for cement gap for marginal, axial, and occlusal areas were calculated and differences were analyzed using Student's t-test. RESULTS There were significant differences in mean values for accuracy/production tolerance among different manufacturing techniques for both production stages: wax and polymer copings and final pressed glass-ceramic crowns. In general, crowns produced from a digital additive workflow showed smaller mean cement gaps than crowns produced from a conventional workflow or a digital subtractive workflow. Additive polymer copings showed significantly smaller cement gaps than milled wax copings (p≤.001) and conventional wax copings (p≤.001) in the axial area. In the occlusal area, both additive polymer copings and conventional wax copings showed significantly smaller cement gaps than milled wax copings (p=.002 and p≤.001 respectively). Crowns produced from conventional manual build-up wax copings showed significantly larger mean cement gaps than crowns produced from milled wax and additively manufactured polymer copings in the marginal and axial areas (p≤.001). Among the crowns with smaller cement gaps, crowns produced from additively manufactured polymer copings showed significantly smaller mean cement gaps than crowns produced from milled wax in the marginal and axial areas (p≤.001). In the occlusal areas, the differences in mean cement gaps were only statistically significant between crowns produced from conventional manual build-up wax copings and crowns produced from milled wax where the latter ones showed smaller mean cement gaps (p=.025). SIGNIFICANCE The present study suggests that an additive manufacturing technique produces smaller mean cement gaps in glass-ceramic crowns than a conventional or subtractive manufacturing technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyar Jallal Hadi Mahmood
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, SE-205 06, Sweden.
| | - Michael Braian
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, SE-205 06, Sweden.
| | - Christel Larsson
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Ann Wennerberg
- Institution of Odontology, Göteborg university, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Tribst JPM, Dal Piva AMDO, Penteado MM, Borges ALS, Bottino MA. Influence of ceramic material, thickness of restoration and cement layer on stress distribution of occlusal veneers. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e118. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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49
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Internal adjustments decrease the fatigue failure load of bonded simplified lithium disilicate restorations. Dent Mater 2018; 34:e225-e235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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